Definition of independent in English:

independent

adjective ɪndɪˈpɛnd(ə)ntˌɪndəˈpɛndənt

1Free from outside control; not subject to another's authority.
自主的；独立的，不依赖权威的
an independent nuclear deterrent
the study is totally independent of central government
这项研究完全不受中央政府约束。
Example sentencesExamples
- You can also get standard-rate tax relief if you pay service charges to local authorities and other independent contractors.
- However, such a set-up calls for an independent authority to monitor the functioning of these institutions.
- Is it time now for an outside independent commission to take a look at the intelligence, which apparently was faulty?
- The school, which has about 370 students, has been the subject of an independent inquiry.
- The Lebanese people are the ones who want a country that is sovereign and independent and free from outside interference.
- The modern criminal-court system makes it very difficult for a grand jury to exercise any independent authority.
- This committee should therefore be independent and have the authority to test out proposed rates by producers and monitor implementation.
- An alternative is to become an independent contractor to the agency.
- Outside controls or independent reviews could have provided such safeguards.
- It's going to be - the judiciary system in this country is independent.
- The statement is now available for a second time for people to comment on, and it will be subject to an independent examination later this year.
- It recommended that the agency be subject to an independent review.
- These agencies were entrusted with independent legislative authority on a federal level.
- Well, we've got to retain our nuclear deterrent, and we've had an independent nuclear deterrent for a long time.
- There is an area that remains more or less independent of the control of the government.
- Action is required now to ensure the allocation of all Lottery money is independent and free from the control of politicians.
- Without missing a beat, the Senator proposed an new independent authority to handle complaints.
- The Commission is an independent authority which aims to achieve dual goals of reconciliation and justice.
- The antennae had been installed following consultation with local authorities and assessment by independent safety consultants, and were safe.
Synonyms
freethinking, individualistic, unconventional, maverick
1. 1.1 (of a country) self-governing.
  （国家）独立的；自治的
  India became independent in 1947
  印度于1947年独立。
  Example sentencesExamples
  In 1948 the island, then an independent country, voted in a referendum to become the 10th province of Canada.
  Life's getting harder in this so-called independent country, let alone for people in the low-income bracket like me.
  Please let's change and be people with brave hearts and forget all about violence against any particular sex in this independent country.
  Many of the states were too small or awkwardly located to survive as independent countries.
  If New Zealand is to develop as a fully independent country we must give all our people equal access to justice, and not just a privileged few.
  Bangladesh later separated from Pakistan and East Timor which at the time was a Portuguese colony but is now an independent country.
  Taiwan is clearly an independent country with its own sovereignty.
  In 1962, Jamaica became an independent country after 300 years of British rule.
  The British government officially recognised Madagascar as an independent country in 1820.
  Kazakhstan is now an independent country, but for decades it was part of the Soviet Union.
  His concept can be used in meeting just demands of a people in their own independent country if the rulers fail in their duty.
  He promised to continue ignoring the fact that Cuba is an independent country, not a US colony.
  The six-country tour will also underpin the fact that the island is a sovereign, independent country, he said.
  How can you be proud of being an independent country if the government is unable to improve its citizens' welfare?
  He's promoted and encouraged the idea of distinct Taiwanese identity and said his country is already independent.
  The statue was erected in 1962 to welcome foreign visitors to the then young independent country.
  I don't think we are ready to govern an independent country.
  Australia doesn't even need to be a republic to be a proud, confident and independent country.
  Once the Soviet Union broke apart, Kazakhstan became an independent country.
  Now it is all different, of course, and we are an independent country.
  Synonyms
  self-governing, self-legislating, self-determining, sovereign, autonomous, autonomic, autarkic, free, non-aligned
2. 1.2 Not belonging to or supported by a political party.
  独立的，无党派的，无政党支持的
  the independent candidate
  独立候选人，无党派候选人。
  Example sentencesExamples
  It demands the building of a new independent political party.
  When the matter went to Parliament, all political parties supported an independent Complaints Commission.
  This campaign exposed the ballot access barriers that confront all third party and independent candidates.
  Democracy presupposes independent political parties and an electorate willing to debate issues and vote accordingly.
  Working people can defend their interests only through the establishment of their own independent political party.
  The time has come for the American working class to begin the arduous task of constructing an independent political party.
  They strive to be independent from political parties and openly battle government-controlled organizations.
  Lenin did not invent the concept of the party or of the independent political organization of the working class.
  The few independent candidates with political potential are quickly recruited by the parties.
  Its founding in 1906 represented the first step by British workers towards their own independent political party.
  However, ward councillors can either join a new political party or become independent councillors.
  Support for independent candidates and smaller parties has also risen, but in the locals rather than the Euro elections.
  Instead of listening to other political parties and to independent experts he consistently and viciously denigrated all opposition.
  In time, this should improve the prospects of third parties and independent candidates.
  Those two seats went to candidates from little-known independent parties.
  The remaining 8 seats were clinched by splinter parties or independent candidates.
  The great weakness of the American workers movement historically has been its inability to establish an independent political party.
  There are also minor party and independent candidates in many ridings, who generally deserve far more consideration than they receive.
  Half of them prefer party nominees to independent candidates.
  So now we have voter apathy across the board, adversely affecting both parties, and independent candidates fared worse.
3. 1.3 (of broadcasting, a school, etc.) not supported by public funds.
  （广播、学校等）无公共基金资助的，独立的
  an independent girls' school
  independent television
  独立式电淋浴器。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The selection procedure for independent schools is, for parents and children alike, a nerve-wracking experience.
  The borough's independent schools joined in the celebrations.
  Academies are independent schools funded by public money.
  The bill would have introduced a public benefit test for independent schools ensuring they prove they offer a benefit to the public and not just fee-payers.
  There are also independent schools which are boarding or day, senior or junior, rural or urban, large or small.
  Nothing surprising there; with a higher per capita budget, independent schools of course do better on that score.
  One academic says the proposal will increase the gap between State and independent schools to an alarming degree.
  He insisted independent schools from all faiths had a role to play in encouraging understanding of people from different backgrounds.
  The Department for Education and Skills said no formal approach had been made by the schools, but it was not government policy to fund independent schools.
  There are more than 70 independent schools in Scotland - just under a quarter of which are in and around Edinburgh.
  A cheeky calendar starring boys from a posh independent school has won a group of girl pupils a business award.
  If you had a quota, you might actually say we will only make offers to 20% of independent school applicants.
  The group also runs two independent schools and three private nurseries in Wakefield and Barnsley.
  This could also be the reason why few pupils go from public schools to independent schools.
  Head teachers at other independent schools said above-inflation fee hikes were necessary to meet a number of rising costs.
  What is on the screen will depend on whether the Council teams up with public space broadcasts or independent programmers.
  Collaboration amongst educators across public, Catholic and independent schools is difficult to say the least.
  So we will help parents and other groups establish a new generation of independent schools funded by the state.
  A new Charity Act will require independent schools to show they are meeting a public benefit test.
  The overall pass rate this year for all schools, including both state and independent schools, was 69.6%.
  Synonyms
  private, public, non-state-controlled, non-state-run, non-public, private-sector, private-enterprise, fee-paying, commercial
4. 1.4historical Congregational.
  〈史〉公理会的
2Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence.
自立的，自力更生的
I wanted to remain independent in old age
我希望年老时还能不依赖他人。
Example sentencesExamples
- Not only were you beautiful but you were also smart, self-sufficient, independent and strong.
- They are also a form of social policy that has the objective of making people more independent and thus self-reliant.
- Self-reliant and independent, they do not necessarily take pride in their local community.
- Like most Australian girls, I was intrigued by a man who could be so self reliant and independent in the bush.
- They are remarkably independent and self reliant and this is what drives me mad!
- Neddy was a very independent person who lived life quietly in Ballingarry.
- Due to this and various things in adult life I have a real aversion to depending on people, not being independent.
- They did not claim to be victims; they presented as a rugged, stoical, independent, self-reliant yeomanry.
- It can help children take their first steps towards being more independent and self reliant.
- It's hard to go from a very, independent woman to depending on others.
- Plus she is very much an independent, self sufficient woman, but also with a softer side!
- You think of yourself as independent, you want to be independent, but you depend on Alex more than anyone.
- To most people, Teddy often came off as far more independent and self-sufficient than most other boys his age.
- Because I wanted her to be independent and not to have to depend on some man for her living…
- Clearly, she was an independent, self-sufficient child as only children often are, but she was imaginative too, and a great reader.
- His father was a stonemason and architect who brought up his children to be independent and self reliant.
- It is partly due to his weaknesses that I became independent and self-reliant.
- Teenagers are forever pushing out their boundaries as they strive to be independent and self sufficient.
- I was now independent, and wasn't planning on depending on anyone for awhile.
- She was fiercely independent and very self sufficient and I got the idea that she didn't like being babied or fussed over by men.
Synonyms
self-sufficient, self-supporting, self-sustaining, self-reliant, self-standing, able to stand on one's own two feet
1. 2.1 (of income or resources) making it unnecessary to earn one's living.
  （收入，财产）多得无须谋生的，足以过温饱生活的
  a woman of independent means
  一个无须为谋生操劳的女人。
  Example sentencesExamples
  From about the early 1880s he had independent income and so he devoted himself to the problem of flight.
3Capable of thinking or acting for oneself.
能独立思考的；能独立行动的
advice for independent travellers
给自助旅游者的建议。
Example sentencesExamples
- The advantage of being part of a tour is gaining access to experiences that would be practically impossible for an independent traveller.
- They respond readily to a simple telepathic command, but as you can see, they are capable of independent action and collaboration as a group.
- Balanced with that is the wish of older people to maintain independent living with their own front door rather than to move into more traditional residential homes.
- John is an independent adult, legally capable of making his own decisions.
- I suggested that attracting backpackers and independent travellers would be a good way to get that ball rolling.
- However, the overland crossing between Thailand and Malaysia has become a very popular independent traveller's route.
- A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance capable of independent existence.
- A toy capable of totally independent thought would be way too freaky.
- This had meant that Chris was very independent and more than capable of fending for himself on his own.
- We want them to be steeped in the democratic process and capable of independent thinking on all kinds of issues great and small.
- Her music career, like her acting career, is as independent as she is.
- Stroke rehabilitation is designed to help you return to independent living.
- They have great scripts, great acting, an independent voice and are marketable.
- There are two separate engines, one on each side of a locomotive and capable of independent operation.
- Will there be future developments that will once again force us to review the age at which we see a foetus as a human capable of independent survival?
- It provided them with training opportunities, courses and help with independent living.
- They wanted to be independent, strong, capable of standing on their own two feet.
- Get out while you're still capable of independent thought and action.
- And if there's a food place with a good write up in the independent travellers' bible, lo and behold, many food shops change their names to match.
1. 3.1 Not influenced by others; impartial.
  不受他人影响的；公正的
  a thorough and independent investigation of the case
  对案件彻底、公正的调查。
  Example sentencesExamples
  They falsely pretend to be impartial and independent, or patronisingly portray themselves to be the same as ordinary people.
  And the Federal Bureau of Investigation is also conducting an independent investigation.
  Bacon was capable of offering independent advice and increasingly hostile towards Mary, queen of Scots.
  No one will take seriously a body that is not seen to be independent and impartial.
  He said the matter deserves an impartial, independent investigation.
  Providing minimal information which is not capable of independent verification should alert you that something may be wrong.
  Again, the service is independent, impartial and confidential.
  The European Convention on Human Rights demands a fair trial before an independent and impartial tribunal.
  There will be no such thing as a completely independent investigation.
  Under such circumstances, how can one ensure a fair and independent investigation?
  The administration is conducting an internal review, but momentum for an independent investigation is growing.
  International law requires that every criminal court be competent, independent and impartial.
  The ads should also be subject to independent oversight.
  This is the only way to ensure that the people of Taiwan receive fair, objective and independent perspectives.
  The sacking was for unspecified professional misconduct after an independent investigation into allegations that he had an affair with a patient.
  An independent investigation in to the Trust's waiting figures is now taking place, at the request of the government.
  That is a perfect example of the philosophy of the office of the independent counsel in this investigation.
  News and commentary have never been more interesting and diverse than they are today under the influence of independent media.
  In consequence, the judge is able to act, and to be seen to act, as an impartial and independent adjudicator.
  The requirement that the tribunal should be independent and impartial is one that has long been recognised by English common law.
  Synonyms
  impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced, neutral, disinterested, uninvolved, uncommitted, detached, dispassionate, objective, open-minded, equitable, non-partisan, even-handed, fair, fair-minded, just
4Not connected with another or with each other; separate.
独立的，互不相干的；分离的；个别的，单独的
treating each factory as an independent unit of production
the legislature and the judicature are independent of one another
立法机关与司法机关相互独立。
Example sentencesExamples
- The result is that for most of the game the board cannot be broken down into independent components.
- The different functions can often be assigned to conserved amino acid motifs which are separated into independent structural units.
- That is a separate, independent issue from what security arrangements we have.
- If the value of an element is independent of the presence of another element, both elements are said to be independent from each other.
- Pressure and shear have an independent influence on wound healing, especially on ischemic wounds.
- Social, economic, and environmental spheres are not independent from each other.
- Peatlands occur in low-energy settings and are more independent of adjacent landscape units.
- They are connected but separate events, with independent laws of causality.
- It should be mentioned that these 11 requirements are not independent from each other.
- Sponge cells perform a variety of bodily functions and appear to be more independent of each other than are the cells of other animals.
- He pointed out that the university's hostels are run as a separate and independent business.
- Positive and negative feedback are not independent from each other.
- Allowing each other to be independent whilst still a couple.
- These parts were assumed to be statistically independent from each other.
- These two domains are functionally independent and have had separate evolutionary origins.
- Why are separate and independent events seen as interrelated parts of a sequence?
- They argue for a multilevel approach with conceptually independent but ontologically connected domains.
- Three independent populations separated by straight lines were positioned on the unit square.
- Such an argument suggests that language acquisition and language socialization are independent from each other.
- Once in orbit, multiple independent warheads separated from the missile bodies and angled toward the surface.
Synonyms
unconnected, unrelated, unassociated, dissociated, unattached, separate
1. 4.1 Not depending on something else for strength or effectiveness; free-standing.
  自给的；独立式的
  an independent electric shower
  独立式电淋浴器。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Unknown is whether speed and accuracy are really independent measures of strategy effectiveness in computational estimation.
  If treatment effects are independent the relative risk with two or more treatments is the product of the relative risk on each treatment.
  Fortunately the shower is electric, and we have an independent gas fire.
  The multiplier of the hazard rate is the independent multiplicative effect of a variable on what a rate would have been otherwise.
  Synonyms
  separate, discrete, different, distinct, free-standing, self-contained, complete
2. 4.2Mathematics (of one of a set of axioms, equations, or quantities) incapable of being expressed in terms of, or derived or deduced from, the others.
  〔数〕（公理、方程式、数量等集或集合中之一个）无关的，独立的
  Example sentencesExamples
  With a multiallelic locus, there are more independent equations than the parameters to be estimated.
  We used a parameterization process to reduce these parameters to 36 independent ones.
  However he also showed that linear sentence systems do have independent axiom systems.
  Some rate Severi's discovery of a base of algebraically independent curves on any surface as his most important contribution.
  Ideally, the inverse problem consists of N independent linear equations.

noun ɪndɪˈpɛnd(ə)ntˌɪndəˈpɛndənt

1An independent person or body.
独立自主者；独立团体
one of the few independents left in the music business
Example sentencesExamples
- Well, some firms have dispensed with their in-house provision and now use the services of independents.
- In fact, most were published by university presses, the federal government or small independents.
- In the gaping maw of publishing, the independents tend to be modest about their work.
- In turn, competition has forced the independents to upgrade quality and comfort.
- It was the perfect opportunity to bring the independents and commissioning editors together.
- The biggest problem I see is independents struggling to produce quality television shows.
- Sinclair's team also produces high-level industry research of practical use to independents.
- Each board will be made up of 15 members, eight tenants, five independents and two councillors.
- Hunter claims most of the real talent in Scotland is to be found in the small independents started by people fed up with big company culture.
- Smaller independents gleaned new business and defined themselves as the industry's new area of growth.
- No boy bands allowed - the performers are proud independents without the backing of a major label.
- Places bereft of major retailers are generally in decline and it's independents and charity shops that move in like weeds rather than chain stores.
- A few doughty independents and specialist dealers aside, the bookselling business in Britain is now irretrievably homogenised.
- Meanwhile, the share of independents in the business is on the rise.
- A lower limit would encourage the entry of independents and promote competition.
1. 1.1 An independent political candidate.
  无党派人士；独立参选者；独立市（镇）政会委员
  he stood unsuccessfully as an independent in 1992
  Example sentencesExamples
  But so far no way has been found to make democracy and government work with independents.
  At that time the ruling party captured 193 seats, though many of these candidates ran as independents.
  More than once, it has crossed my mind to stand for election to the council as an independent.
  He hasn't sat on the board for a few years but it is still stacked full of 5 cronies with not a single independent to be seen anywhere.
  After the recent election we again have four Greens and three progressive independents out of 10 councillors.
  The ten presidential candidates, including independents, were listed in two columns.
  After a somewhat cursory examination, the Commission told the independents late in February that it was doing nothing.
  So to win government, even with the support of the other five independents, the Coalition would need to win ten seats.
  Labour Students and the organised independents who dominate the executive retreated from their original plan.
  So I think where there are worthy alternatives in the minor parties and independents, people are having a very serious think.
  In 1935, she retired from teaching to stand for Parliament as an independent.
  He was an independent at Highland council and was only inducted into the Labour party on the eve of devolution.
  First, I have no idea why Steve thinks all three independents are with the government.
  We need to prove to the moderates, independents and western libertarians that we are tough enough.
  It very quickly grew, drawing in people from other left wing parties and many independents from the social movements and trade unions.
  He tried two or three times to get into Parliament as an independent.
  Many of the independents are opposition candidates whose parties have been banned.
  As well as the big three parties, other groups looking for your vote include the Greens, Socialist Alliance and various independents.
  The government of Nunavut will be a non-party system and members run as independents and will govern by consensus.
  The extreme right wing British National Party has its first four representatives while there are three Greens and an independent on the new council.
2. 1.2historical A Congregationalist.
  〈史〉公理会的
  Example sentencesExamples
  On another side were the Independents, who wanted to do away with the Anglican Church altogether.
  Although D' Ewes has been called a Presbyterian, his position in this treatise is more in line with the Independents.
  The radicals wanted it all - these were the Independents and Oliver Cromwell was emerging as their leader.
  They were part of English nonconformity which included Independents and Quakers.

Origin

Early 17th century (as an adjective): partly on the pattern of French indépendant.

Definition of independent in US English:

independent

adjectiveˌindəˈpendəntˌɪndəˈpɛndənt

1Free from outside control; not depending on another's authority.
自主的；独立的，不依赖权威的
the study is totally independent of central government
这项研究完全不受中央政府约束。
Canada's largest independent investment firm
Example sentencesExamples
- You can also get standard-rate tax relief if you pay service charges to local authorities and other independent contractors.
- The modern criminal-court system makes it very difficult for a grand jury to exercise any independent authority.
- The statement is now available for a second time for people to comment on, and it will be subject to an independent examination later this year.
- The school, which has about 370 students, has been the subject of an independent inquiry.
- Well, we've got to retain our nuclear deterrent, and we've had an independent nuclear deterrent for a long time.
- It recommended that the agency be subject to an independent review.
- These agencies were entrusted with independent legislative authority on a federal level.
- Outside controls or independent reviews could have provided such safeguards.
- This committee should therefore be independent and have the authority to test out proposed rates by producers and monitor implementation.
- However, such a set-up calls for an independent authority to monitor the functioning of these institutions.
- It's going to be - the judiciary system in this country is independent.
- An alternative is to become an independent contractor to the agency.
- Is it time now for an outside independent commission to take a look at the intelligence, which apparently was faulty?
- Without missing a beat, the Senator proposed an new independent authority to handle complaints.
- The antennae had been installed following consultation with local authorities and assessment by independent safety consultants, and were safe.
- The Lebanese people are the ones who want a country that is sovereign and independent and free from outside interference.
- The Commission is an independent authority which aims to achieve dual goals of reconciliation and justice.
- There is an area that remains more or less independent of the control of the government.
- Action is required now to ensure the allocation of all Lottery money is independent and free from the control of politicians.
Synonyms
freethinking, individualistic, unconventional, maverick
1. 1.1 (of a country) self-governing.
  （国家）独立的；自治的
  India became independent in 1947
  印度于1947年独立。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Australia doesn't even need to be a republic to be a proud, confident and independent country.
  His concept can be used in meeting just demands of a people in their own independent country if the rulers fail in their duty.
  How can you be proud of being an independent country if the government is unable to improve its citizens' welfare?
  Life's getting harder in this so-called independent country, let alone for people in the low-income bracket like me.
  The British government officially recognised Madagascar as an independent country in 1820.
  Once the Soviet Union broke apart, Kazakhstan became an independent country.
  I don't think we are ready to govern an independent country.
  He's promoted and encouraged the idea of distinct Taiwanese identity and said his country is already independent.
  The six-country tour will also underpin the fact that the island is a sovereign, independent country, he said.
  In 1948 the island, then an independent country, voted in a referendum to become the 10th province of Canada.
  Bangladesh later separated from Pakistan and East Timor which at the time was a Portuguese colony but is now an independent country.
  If New Zealand is to develop as a fully independent country we must give all our people equal access to justice, and not just a privileged few.
  Taiwan is clearly an independent country with its own sovereignty.
  Many of the states were too small or awkwardly located to survive as independent countries.
  In 1962, Jamaica became an independent country after 300 years of British rule.
  He promised to continue ignoring the fact that Cuba is an independent country, not a US colony.
  Now it is all different, of course, and we are an independent country.
  The statue was erected in 1962 to welcome foreign visitors to the then young independent country.
  Kazakhstan is now an independent country, but for decades it was part of the Soviet Union.
  Please let's change and be people with brave hearts and forget all about violence against any particular sex in this independent country.
  Synonyms
  self-governing, self-legislating, self-determining, sovereign, autonomous, autonomic, autarkic, free, non-aligned
2. 1.2 Not belonging to or supported by a political party.
  独立的，无党派的，无政党支持的
  the independent candidate
  独立候选人，无党派候选人。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Instead of listening to other political parties and to independent experts he consistently and viciously denigrated all opposition.
  Support for independent candidates and smaller parties has also risen, but in the locals rather than the Euro elections.
  However, ward councillors can either join a new political party or become independent councillors.
  It demands the building of a new independent political party.
  The few independent candidates with political potential are quickly recruited by the parties.
  So now we have voter apathy across the board, adversely affecting both parties, and independent candidates fared worse.
  Working people can defend their interests only through the establishment of their own independent political party.
  Lenin did not invent the concept of the party or of the independent political organization of the working class.
  In time, this should improve the prospects of third parties and independent candidates.
  Democracy presupposes independent political parties and an electorate willing to debate issues and vote accordingly.
  They strive to be independent from political parties and openly battle government-controlled organizations.
  When the matter went to Parliament, all political parties supported an independent Complaints Commission.
  The time has come for the American working class to begin the arduous task of constructing an independent political party.
  Those two seats went to candidates from little-known independent parties.
  Its founding in 1906 represented the first step by British workers towards their own independent political party.
  This campaign exposed the ballot access barriers that confront all third party and independent candidates.
  Half of them prefer party nominees to independent candidates.
  The remaining 8 seats were clinched by splinter parties or independent candidates.
  The great weakness of the American workers movement historically has been its inability to establish an independent political party.
  There are also minor party and independent candidates in many ridings, who generally deserve far more consideration than they receive.
3. 1.3 (of broadcasting, a school, etc.) not supported by public funds.
  （广播、学校等）无公共基金资助的，独立的
  Example sentencesExamples
  The borough's independent schools joined in the celebrations.
  There are more than 70 independent schools in Scotland - just under a quarter of which are in and around Edinburgh.
  He insisted independent schools from all faiths had a role to play in encouraging understanding of people from different backgrounds.
  This could also be the reason why few pupils go from public schools to independent schools.
  Head teachers at other independent schools said above-inflation fee hikes were necessary to meet a number of rising costs.
  Nothing surprising there; with a higher per capita budget, independent schools of course do better on that score.
  The bill would have introduced a public benefit test for independent schools ensuring they prove they offer a benefit to the public and not just fee-payers.
  There are also independent schools which are boarding or day, senior or junior, rural or urban, large or small.
  The selection procedure for independent schools is, for parents and children alike, a nerve-wracking experience.
  A cheeky calendar starring boys from a posh independent school has won a group of girl pupils a business award.
  Collaboration amongst educators across public, Catholic and independent schools is difficult to say the least.
  The overall pass rate this year for all schools, including both state and independent schools, was 69.6%.
  Academies are independent schools funded by public money.
  The group also runs two independent schools and three private nurseries in Wakefield and Barnsley.
  The Department for Education and Skills said no formal approach had been made by the schools, but it was not government policy to fund independent schools.
  A new Charity Act will require independent schools to show they are meeting a public benefit test.
  One academic says the proposal will increase the gap between State and independent schools to an alarming degree.
  So we will help parents and other groups establish a new generation of independent schools funded by the state.
  If you had a quota, you might actually say we will only make offers to 20% of independent school applicants.
  What is on the screen will depend on whether the Council teams up with public space broadcasts or independent programmers.
  Synonyms
  private, public, non-state-controlled, non-state-run, non-public, private-sector, private-enterprise, fee-paying, commercial
4. 1.4historical Congregational.
  〈史〉公理会的
2Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence.
自立的，自力更生的
I wanted to remain independent in old age
我希望年老时还能不依赖他人。
Example sentencesExamples
- I was now independent, and wasn't planning on depending on anyone for awhile.
- It's hard to go from a very, independent woman to depending on others.
- Not only were you beautiful but you were also smart, self-sufficient, independent and strong.
- Plus she is very much an independent, self sufficient woman, but also with a softer side!
- It is partly due to his weaknesses that I became independent and self-reliant.
- Neddy was a very independent person who lived life quietly in Ballingarry.
- Clearly, she was an independent, self-sufficient child as only children often are, but she was imaginative too, and a great reader.
- Because I wanted her to be independent and not to have to depend on some man for her living…
- Due to this and various things in adult life I have a real aversion to depending on people, not being independent.
- She was fiercely independent and very self sufficient and I got the idea that she didn't like being babied or fussed over by men.
- They are remarkably independent and self reliant and this is what drives me mad!
- Self-reliant and independent, they do not necessarily take pride in their local community.
- Teenagers are forever pushing out their boundaries as they strive to be independent and self sufficient.
- Like most Australian girls, I was intrigued by a man who could be so self reliant and independent in the bush.
- It can help children take their first steps towards being more independent and self reliant.
- You think of yourself as independent, you want to be independent, but you depend on Alex more than anyone.
- To most people, Teddy often came off as far more independent and self-sufficient than most other boys his age.
- They are also a form of social policy that has the objective of making people more independent and thus self-reliant.
- They did not claim to be victims; they presented as a rugged, stoical, independent, self-reliant yeomanry.
- His father was a stonemason and architect who brought up his children to be independent and self reliant.
Synonyms
self-sufficient, self-supporting, self-sustaining, self-reliant, self-standing, able to stand on one's own two feet
1. 2.1 (of income or resources) making it unnecessary to earn one's living.
  （收入，财产）多得无须谋生的，足以过温饱生活的
  a woman of independent means
  一个无须为谋生操劳的女人。
  Example sentencesExamples
  From about the early 1880s he had independent income and so he devoted himself to the problem of flight.
3Capable of thinking or acting for oneself.
能独立思考的；能独立行动的
advice for independent travelers
给自助旅游者的建议。
Example sentencesExamples
- I suggested that attracting backpackers and independent travellers would be a good way to get that ball rolling.
- Balanced with that is the wish of older people to maintain independent living with their own front door rather than to move into more traditional residential homes.
- The advantage of being part of a tour is gaining access to experiences that would be practically impossible for an independent traveller.
- They have great scripts, great acting, an independent voice and are marketable.
- A toy capable of totally independent thought would be way too freaky.
- However, the overland crossing between Thailand and Malaysia has become a very popular independent traveller's route.
- John is an independent adult, legally capable of making his own decisions.
- There are two separate engines, one on each side of a locomotive and capable of independent operation.
- And if there's a food place with a good write up in the independent travellers' bible, lo and behold, many food shops change their names to match.
- A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance capable of independent existence.
- Stroke rehabilitation is designed to help you return to independent living.
- They respond readily to a simple telepathic command, but as you can see, they are capable of independent action and collaboration as a group.
- Will there be future developments that will once again force us to review the age at which we see a foetus as a human capable of independent survival?
- Get out while you're still capable of independent thought and action.
- It provided them with training opportunities, courses and help with independent living.
- This had meant that Chris was very independent and more than capable of fending for himself on his own.
- We want them to be steeped in the democratic process and capable of independent thinking on all kinds of issues great and small.
- They wanted to be independent, strong, capable of standing on their own two feet.
- Her music career, like her acting career, is as independent as she is.
1. 3.1 Not influenced or affected by others; impartial.
  不受他人影响的；公正的
  a thorough and independent investigation of the case
  对案件彻底、公正的调查。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Bacon was capable of offering independent advice and increasingly hostile towards Mary, queen of Scots.
  Again, the service is independent, impartial and confidential.
  No one will take seriously a body that is not seen to be independent and impartial.
  International law requires that every criminal court be competent, independent and impartial.
  They falsely pretend to be impartial and independent, or patronisingly portray themselves to be the same as ordinary people.
  The ads should also be subject to independent oversight.
  Under such circumstances, how can one ensure a fair and independent investigation?
  News and commentary have never been more interesting and diverse than they are today under the influence of independent media.
  An independent investigation in to the Trust's waiting figures is now taking place, at the request of the government.
  Providing minimal information which is not capable of independent verification should alert you that something may be wrong.
  The requirement that the tribunal should be independent and impartial is one that has long been recognised by English common law.
  And the Federal Bureau of Investigation is also conducting an independent investigation.
  The sacking was for unspecified professional misconduct after an independent investigation into allegations that he had an affair with a patient.
  That is a perfect example of the philosophy of the office of the independent counsel in this investigation.
  In consequence, the judge is able to act, and to be seen to act, as an impartial and independent adjudicator.
  The administration is conducting an internal review, but momentum for an independent investigation is growing.
  He said the matter deserves an impartial, independent investigation.
  The European Convention on Human Rights demands a fair trial before an independent and impartial tribunal.
  There will be no such thing as a completely independent investigation.
  This is the only way to ensure that the people of Taiwan receive fair, objective and independent perspectives.
  Synonyms
  impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced, neutral, disinterested, uninvolved, uncommitted, detached, dispassionate, objective, open-minded, equitable, non-partisan, even-handed, fair, fair-minded, just
4Not connected with another or with each other; separate.
独立的，互不相干的；分离的；个别的，单独的
the legislature and the judicature are independent of each other
立法机关与司法机关相互独立。
we need two independent witnesses to testify
我们需要两个互不相干的证人来作证。
Example sentencesExamples
- It should be mentioned that these 11 requirements are not independent from each other.
- They argue for a multilevel approach with conceptually independent but ontologically connected domains.
- These two domains are functionally independent and have had separate evolutionary origins.
- Positive and negative feedback are not independent from each other.
- Allowing each other to be independent whilst still a couple.
- Sponge cells perform a variety of bodily functions and appear to be more independent of each other than are the cells of other animals.
- The result is that for most of the game the board cannot be broken down into independent components.
- Why are separate and independent events seen as interrelated parts of a sequence?
- If the value of an element is independent of the presence of another element, both elements are said to be independent from each other.
- Pressure and shear have an independent influence on wound healing, especially on ischemic wounds.
- The different functions can often be assigned to conserved amino acid motifs which are separated into independent structural units.
- Three independent populations separated by straight lines were positioned on the unit square.
- Once in orbit, multiple independent warheads separated from the missile bodies and angled toward the surface.
- That is a separate, independent issue from what security arrangements we have.
- They are connected but separate events, with independent laws of causality.
- Such an argument suggests that language acquisition and language socialization are independent from each other.
- He pointed out that the university's hostels are run as a separate and independent business.
- Peatlands occur in low-energy settings and are more independent of adjacent landscape units.
- These parts were assumed to be statistically independent from each other.
- Social, economic, and environmental spheres are not independent from each other.
Synonyms
unconnected, unrelated, unassociated, dissociated, unattached, separate
1. 4.1 Not depending on something else for strength or effectiveness; freestanding.
  自给的；独立式的
  an independent electric shower
  独立式电淋浴器。
  Example sentencesExamples
  If treatment effects are independent the relative risk with two or more treatments is the product of the relative risk on each treatment.
  Unknown is whether speed and accuracy are really independent measures of strategy effectiveness in computational estimation.
  The multiplier of the hazard rate is the independent multiplicative effect of a variable on what a rate would have been otherwise.
  Fortunately the shower is electric, and we have an independent gas fire.
  Synonyms
  separate, discrete, different, distinct, free-standing, self-contained, complete
2. 4.2Mathematics (of one of a set of axioms, equations, or quantities) incapable of being expressed in terms of, or derived or deduced from, the others.
  〔数〕（公理、方程式、数量等集或集合中之一个）无关的，独立的
  Example sentencesExamples
  Some rate Severi's discovery of a base of algebraically independent curves on any surface as his most important contribution.
  With a multiallelic locus, there are more independent equations than the parameters to be estimated.
  However he also showed that linear sentence systems do have independent axiom systems.
  Ideally, the inverse problem consists of N independent linear equations.
  We used a parameterization process to reduce these parameters to 36 independent ones.

nounˌindəˈpendəntˌɪndəˈpɛndənt

1An independent person or body.
独立自主者；独立团体
Example sentencesExamples
- Sinclair's team also produces high-level industry research of practical use to independents.
- Smaller independents gleaned new business and defined themselves as the industry's new area of growth.
- Well, some firms have dispensed with their in-house provision and now use the services of independents.
- In turn, competition has forced the independents to upgrade quality and comfort.
- Hunter claims most of the real talent in Scotland is to be found in the small independents started by people fed up with big company culture.
- The biggest problem I see is independents struggling to produce quality television shows.
- No boy bands allowed - the performers are proud independents without the backing of a major label.
- Each board will be made up of 15 members, eight tenants, five independents and two councillors.
- A lower limit would encourage the entry of independents and promote competition.
- In the gaping maw of publishing, the independents tend to be modest about their work.
- Places bereft of major retailers are generally in decline and it's independents and charity shops that move in like weeds rather than chain stores.
- In fact, most were published by university presses, the federal government or small independents.
- It was the perfect opportunity to bring the independents and commissioning editors together.
- A few doughty independents and specialist dealers aside, the bookselling business in Britain is now irretrievably homogenised.
- Meanwhile, the share of independents in the business is on the rise.
1. 1.1 An independent political candidate, voter, etc.
  无党派人士；独立参选者；独立市（镇）政会委员
  Example sentencesExamples
  So I think where there are worthy alternatives in the minor parties and independents, people are having a very serious think.
  We need to prove to the moderates, independents and western libertarians that we are tough enough.
  At that time the ruling party captured 193 seats, though many of these candidates ran as independents.
  But so far no way has been found to make democracy and government work with independents.
  More than once, it has crossed my mind to stand for election to the council as an independent.
  Labour Students and the organised independents who dominate the executive retreated from their original plan.
  He was an independent at Highland council and was only inducted into the Labour party on the eve of devolution.
  In 1935, she retired from teaching to stand for Parliament as an independent.
  It very quickly grew, drawing in people from other left wing parties and many independents from the social movements and trade unions.
  So to win government, even with the support of the other five independents, the Coalition would need to win ten seats.
  After a somewhat cursory examination, the Commission told the independents late in February that it was doing nothing.
  As well as the big three parties, other groups looking for your vote include the Greens, Socialist Alliance and various independents.
  The government of Nunavut will be a non-party system and members run as independents and will govern by consensus.
  The extreme right wing British National Party has its first four representatives while there are three Greens and an independent on the new council.
  First, I have no idea why Steve thinks all three independents are with the government.
  After the recent election we again have four Greens and three progressive independents out of 10 councillors.
  Many of the independents are opposition candidates whose parties have been banned.
  He hasn't sat on the board for a few years but it is still stacked full of 5 cronies with not a single independent to be seen anywhere.
  The ten presidential candidates, including independents, were listed in two columns.
  He tried two or three times to get into Parliament as an independent.
2. 1.2historical A Congregationalist.
  〈史〉公理会的
  Example sentencesExamples
  They were part of English nonconformity which included Independents and Quakers.
  Although D' Ewes has been called a Presbyterian, his position in this treatise is more in line with the Independents.
  The radicals wanted it all - these were the Independents and Oliver Cromwell was emerging as their leader.
  On another side were the Independents, who wanted to do away with the Anglican Church altogether.

Origin

Early 17th century (as an adjective): partly on the pattern of French indépendant.

词汇	independent
释义	Definition of independent in English: independent adjective ɪndɪˈpɛnd(ə)ntˌɪndəˈpɛndənt 1Free from outside control; not subject to another's authority. 自主的；独立的，不依赖权威的 an independent nuclear deterrent the study is totally independent of central government 这项研究完全不受中央政府约束。 Example sentencesExamples You can also get standard-rate tax relief if you pay service charges to local authorities and other independent contractors. However, such a set-up calls for an independent authority to monitor the functioning of these institutions. Is it time now for an outside independent commission to take a look at the intelligence, which apparently was faulty? The school, which has about 370 students, has been the subject of an independent inquiry. The Lebanese people are the ones who want a country that is sovereign and independent and free from outside interference. The modern criminal-court system makes it very difficult for a grand jury to exercise any independent authority. This committee should therefore be independent and have the authority to test out proposed rates by producers and monitor implementation. An alternative is to become an independent contractor to the agency. Outside controls or independent reviews could have provided such safeguards. It's going to be - the judiciary system in this country is independent. The statement is now available for a second time for people to comment on, and it will be subject to an independent examination later this year. It recommended that the agency be subject to an independent review. These agencies were entrusted with independent legislative authority on a federal level. Well, we've got to retain our nuclear deterrent, and we've had an independent nuclear deterrent for a long time. There is an area that remains more or less independent of the control of the government. Action is required now to ensure the allocation of all Lottery money is independent and free from the control of politicians. Without missing a beat, the Senator proposed an new independent authority to handle complaints. The Commission is an independent authority which aims to achieve dual goals of reconciliation and justice. The antennae had been installed following consultation with local authorities and assessment by independent safety consultants, and were safe. Synonyms freethinking, individualistic, unconventional, maverick 1.1 (of a country) self-governing. （国家）独立的；自治的 India became independent in 1947 印度于1947年独立。 Example sentencesExamples In 1948 the island, then an independent country, voted in a referendum to become the 10th province of Canada. Life's getting harder in this so-called independent country, let alone for people in the low-income bracket like me. Please let's change and be people with brave hearts and forget all about violence against any particular sex in this independent country. Many of the states were too small or awkwardly located to survive as independent countries. If New Zealand is to develop as a fully independent country we must give all our people equal access to justice, and not just a privileged few. Bangladesh later separated from Pakistan and East Timor which at the time was a Portuguese colony but is now an independent country. Taiwan is clearly an independent country with its own sovereignty. In 1962, Jamaica became an independent country after 300 years of British rule. The British government officially recognised Madagascar as an independent country in 1820. Kazakhstan is now an independent country, but for decades it was part of the Soviet Union. His concept can be used in meeting just demands of a people in their own independent country if the rulers fail in their duty. He promised to continue ignoring the fact that Cuba is an independent country, not a US colony. The six-country tour will also underpin the fact that the island is a sovereign, independent country, he said. How can you be proud of being an independent country if the government is unable to improve its citizens' welfare? He's promoted and encouraged the idea of distinct Taiwanese identity and said his country is already independent. The statue was erected in 1962 to welcome foreign visitors to the then young independent country. I don't think we are ready to govern an independent country. Australia doesn't even need to be a republic to be a proud, confident and independent country. Once the Soviet Union broke apart, Kazakhstan became an independent country. Now it is all different, of course, and we are an independent country. Synonyms self-governing, self-legislating, self-determining, sovereign, autonomous, autonomic, autarkic, free, non-aligned 1.2 Not belonging to or supported by a political party. 独立的，无党派的，无政党支持的 the independent candidate 独立候选人，无党派候选人。 Example sentencesExamples It demands the building of a new independent political party. When the matter went to Parliament, all political parties supported an independent Complaints Commission. This campaign exposed the ballot access barriers that confront all third party and independent candidates. Democracy presupposes independent political parties and an electorate willing to debate issues and vote accordingly. Working people can defend their interests only through the establishment of their own independent political party. The time has come for the American working class to begin the arduous task of constructing an independent political party. They strive to be independent from political parties and openly battle government-controlled organizations. Lenin did not invent the concept of the party or of the independent political organization of the working class. The few independent candidates with political potential are quickly recruited by the parties. Its founding in 1906 represented the first step by British workers towards their own independent political party. However, ward councillors can either join a new political party or become independent councillors. Support for independent candidates and smaller parties has also risen, but in the locals rather than the Euro elections. Instead of listening to other political parties and to independent experts he consistently and viciously denigrated all opposition. In time, this should improve the prospects of third parties and independent candidates. Those two seats went to candidates from little-known independent parties. The remaining 8 seats were clinched by splinter parties or independent candidates. The great weakness of the American workers movement historically has been its inability to establish an independent political party. There are also minor party and independent candidates in many ridings, who generally deserve far more consideration than they receive. Half of them prefer party nominees to independent candidates. So now we have voter apathy across the board, adversely affecting both parties, and independent candidates fared worse. 1.3 (of broadcasting, a school, etc.) not supported by public funds. （广播、学校等）无公共基金资助的，独立的 an independent girls' school independent television 独立式电淋浴器。 Example sentencesExamples The selection procedure for independent schools is, for parents and children alike, a nerve-wracking experience. The borough's independent schools joined in the celebrations. Academies are independent schools funded by public money. The bill would have introduced a public benefit test for independent schools ensuring they prove they offer a benefit to the public and not just fee-payers. There are also independent schools which are boarding or day, senior or junior, rural or urban, large or small. Nothing surprising there; with a higher per capita budget, independent schools of course do better on that score. One academic says the proposal will increase the gap between State and independent schools to an alarming degree. He insisted independent schools from all faiths had a role to play in encouraging understanding of people from different backgrounds. The Department for Education and Skills said no formal approach had been made by the schools, but it was not government policy to fund independent schools. There are more than 70 independent schools in Scotland - just under a quarter of which are in and around Edinburgh. A cheeky calendar starring boys from a posh independent school has won a group of girl pupils a business award. If you had a quota, you might actually say we will only make offers to 20% of independent school applicants. The group also runs two independent schools and three private nurseries in Wakefield and Barnsley. This could also be the reason why few pupils go from public schools to independent schools. Head teachers at other independent schools said above-inflation fee hikes were necessary to meet a number of rising costs. What is on the screen will depend on whether the Council teams up with public space broadcasts or independent programmers. Collaboration amongst educators across public, Catholic and independent schools is difficult to say the least. So we will help parents and other groups establish a new generation of independent schools funded by the state. A new Charity Act will require independent schools to show they are meeting a public benefit test. The overall pass rate this year for all schools, including both state and independent schools, was 69.6%. Synonyms private, public, non-state-controlled, non-state-run, non-public, private-sector, private-enterprise, fee-paying, commercial 1.4historical Congregational. 〈史〉公理会的 2Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence. 自立的，自力更生的 I wanted to remain independent in old age 我希望年老时还能不依赖他人。 Example sentencesExamples Not only were you beautiful but you were also smart, self-sufficient, independent and strong. They are also a form of social policy that has the objective of making people more independent and thus self-reliant. Self-reliant and independent, they do not necessarily take pride in their local community. Like most Australian girls, I was intrigued by a man who could be so self reliant and independent in the bush. They are remarkably independent and self reliant and this is what drives me mad! Neddy was a very independent person who lived life quietly in Ballingarry. Due to this and various things in adult life I have a real aversion to depending on people, not being independent. They did not claim to be victims; they presented as a rugged, stoical, independent, self-reliant yeomanry. It can help children take their first steps towards being more independent and self reliant. It's hard to go from a very, independent woman to depending on others. Plus she is very much an independent, self sufficient woman, but also with a softer side! You think of yourself as independent, you want to be independent, but you depend on Alex more than anyone. To most people, Teddy often came off as far more independent and self-sufficient than most other boys his age. Because I wanted her to be independent and not to have to depend on some man for her living… Clearly, she was an independent, self-sufficient child as only children often are, but she was imaginative too, and a great reader. His father was a stonemason and architect who brought up his children to be independent and self reliant. It is partly due to his weaknesses that I became independent and self-reliant. Teenagers are forever pushing out their boundaries as they strive to be independent and self sufficient. I was now independent, and wasn't planning on depending on anyone for awhile. She was fiercely independent and very self sufficient and I got the idea that she didn't like being babied or fussed over by men. Synonyms self-sufficient, self-supporting, self-sustaining, self-reliant, self-standing, able to stand on one's own two feet 2.1 (of income or resources) making it unnecessary to earn one's living. （收入，财产）多得无须谋生的，足以过温饱生活的 a woman of independent means 一个无须为谋生操劳的女人。 Example sentencesExamples From about the early 1880s he had independent income and so he devoted himself to the problem of flight. 3Capable of thinking or acting for oneself. 能独立思考的；能独立行动的 advice for independent travellers 给自助旅游者的建议。 Example sentencesExamples The advantage of being part of a tour is gaining access to experiences that would be practically impossible for an independent traveller. They respond readily to a simple telepathic command, but as you can see, they are capable of independent action and collaboration as a group. Balanced with that is the wish of older people to maintain independent living with their own front door rather than to move into more traditional residential homes. John is an independent adult, legally capable of making his own decisions. I suggested that attracting backpackers and independent travellers would be a good way to get that ball rolling. However, the overland crossing between Thailand and Malaysia has become a very popular independent traveller's route. A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance capable of independent existence. A toy capable of totally independent thought would be way too freaky. This had meant that Chris was very independent and more than capable of fending for himself on his own. We want them to be steeped in the democratic process and capable of independent thinking on all kinds of issues great and small. Her music career, like her acting career, is as independent as she is. Stroke rehabilitation is designed to help you return to independent living. They have great scripts, great acting, an independent voice and are marketable. There are two separate engines, one on each side of a locomotive and capable of independent operation. Will there be future developments that will once again force us to review the age at which we see a foetus as a human capable of independent survival? It provided them with training opportunities, courses and help with independent living. They wanted to be independent, strong, capable of standing on their own two feet. Get out while you're still capable of independent thought and action. And if there's a food place with a good write up in the independent travellers' bible, lo and behold, many food shops change their names to match. 3.1 Not influenced by others; impartial. 不受他人影响的；公正的 a thorough and independent investigation of the case 对案件彻底、公正的调查。 Example sentencesExamples They falsely pretend to be impartial and independent, or patronisingly portray themselves to be the same as ordinary people. And the Federal Bureau of Investigation is also conducting an independent investigation. Bacon was capable of offering independent advice and increasingly hostile towards Mary, queen of Scots. No one will take seriously a body that is not seen to be independent and impartial. He said the matter deserves an impartial, independent investigation. Providing minimal information which is not capable of independent verification should alert you that something may be wrong. Again, the service is independent, impartial and confidential. The European Convention on Human Rights demands a fair trial before an independent and impartial tribunal. There will be no such thing as a completely independent investigation. Under such circumstances, how can one ensure a fair and independent investigation? The administration is conducting an internal review, but momentum for an independent investigation is growing. International law requires that every criminal court be competent, independent and impartial. The ads should also be subject to independent oversight. This is the only way to ensure that the people of Taiwan receive fair, objective and independent perspectives. The sacking was for unspecified professional misconduct after an independent investigation into allegations that he had an affair with a patient. An independent investigation in to the Trust's waiting figures is now taking place, at the request of the government. That is a perfect example of the philosophy of the office of the independent counsel in this investigation. News and commentary have never been more interesting and diverse than they are today under the influence of independent media. In consequence, the judge is able to act, and to be seen to act, as an impartial and independent adjudicator. The requirement that the tribunal should be independent and impartial is one that has long been recognised by English common law. Synonyms impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced, neutral, disinterested, uninvolved, uncommitted, detached, dispassionate, objective, open-minded, equitable, non-partisan, even-handed, fair, fair-minded, just 4Not connected with another or with each other; separate. 独立的，互不相干的；分离的；个别的，单独的 treating each factory as an independent unit of production the legislature and the judicature are independent of one another 立法机关与司法机关相互独立。 Example sentencesExamples The result is that for most of the game the board cannot be broken down into independent components. The different functions can often be assigned to conserved amino acid motifs which are separated into independent structural units. That is a separate, independent issue from what security arrangements we have. If the value of an element is independent of the presence of another element, both elements are said to be independent from each other. Pressure and shear have an independent influence on wound healing, especially on ischemic wounds. Social, economic, and environmental spheres are not independent from each other. Peatlands occur in low-energy settings and are more independent of adjacent landscape units. They are connected but separate events, with independent laws of causality. It should be mentioned that these 11 requirements are not independent from each other. Sponge cells perform a variety of bodily functions and appear to be more independent of each other than are the cells of other animals. He pointed out that the university's hostels are run as a separate and independent business. Positive and negative feedback are not independent from each other. Allowing each other to be independent whilst still a couple. These parts were assumed to be statistically independent from each other. These two domains are functionally independent and have had separate evolutionary origins. Why are separate and independent events seen as interrelated parts of a sequence? They argue for a multilevel approach with conceptually independent but ontologically connected domains. Three independent populations separated by straight lines were positioned on the unit square. Such an argument suggests that language acquisition and language socialization are independent from each other. Once in orbit, multiple independent warheads separated from the missile bodies and angled toward the surface. Synonyms unconnected, unrelated, unassociated, dissociated, unattached, separate 4.1 Not depending on something else for strength or effectiveness; free-standing. 自给的；独立式的 an independent electric shower 独立式电淋浴器。 Example sentencesExamples Unknown is whether speed and accuracy are really independent measures of strategy effectiveness in computational estimation. If treatment effects are independent the relative risk with two or more treatments is the product of the relative risk on each treatment. Fortunately the shower is electric, and we have an independent gas fire. The multiplier of the hazard rate is the independent multiplicative effect of a variable on what a rate would have been otherwise. Synonyms separate, discrete, different, distinct, free-standing, self-contained, complete 4.2Mathematics (of one of a set of axioms, equations, or quantities) incapable of being expressed in terms of, or derived or deduced from, the others. 〔数〕（公理、方程式、数量等集或集合中之一个）无关的，独立的 Example sentencesExamples With a multiallelic locus, there are more independent equations than the parameters to be estimated. We used a parameterization process to reduce these parameters to 36 independent ones. However he also showed that linear sentence systems do have independent axiom systems. Some rate Severi's discovery of a base of algebraically independent curves on any surface as his most important contribution. Ideally, the inverse problem consists of N independent linear equations. noun ɪndɪˈpɛnd(ə)ntˌɪndəˈpɛndənt 1An independent person or body. 独立自主者；独立团体 one of the few independents left in the music business Example sentencesExamples Well, some firms have dispensed with their in-house provision and now use the services of independents. In fact, most were published by university presses, the federal government or small independents. In the gaping maw of publishing, the independents tend to be modest about their work. In turn, competition has forced the independents to upgrade quality and comfort. It was the perfect opportunity to bring the independents and commissioning editors together. The biggest problem I see is independents struggling to produce quality television shows. Sinclair's team also produces high-level industry research of practical use to independents. Each board will be made up of 15 members, eight tenants, five independents and two councillors. Hunter claims most of the real talent in Scotland is to be found in the small independents started by people fed up with big company culture. Smaller independents gleaned new business and defined themselves as the industry's new area of growth. No boy bands allowed - the performers are proud independents without the backing of a major label. Places bereft of major retailers are generally in decline and it's independents and charity shops that move in like weeds rather than chain stores. A few doughty independents and specialist dealers aside, the bookselling business in Britain is now irretrievably homogenised. Meanwhile, the share of independents in the business is on the rise. A lower limit would encourage the entry of independents and promote competition. 1.1 An independent political candidate. 无党派人士；独立参选者；独立市（镇）政会委员 he stood unsuccessfully as an independent in 1992 Example sentencesExamples But so far no way has been found to make democracy and government work with independents. At that time the ruling party captured 193 seats, though many of these candidates ran as independents. More than once, it has crossed my mind to stand for election to the council as an independent. He hasn't sat on the board for a few years but it is still stacked full of 5 cronies with not a single independent to be seen anywhere. After the recent election we again have four Greens and three progressive independents out of 10 councillors. The ten presidential candidates, including independents, were listed in two columns. After a somewhat cursory examination, the Commission told the independents late in February that it was doing nothing. So to win government, even with the support of the other five independents, the Coalition would need to win ten seats. Labour Students and the organised independents who dominate the executive retreated from their original plan. So I think where there are worthy alternatives in the minor parties and independents, people are having a very serious think. In 1935, she retired from teaching to stand for Parliament as an independent. He was an independent at Highland council and was only inducted into the Labour party on the eve of devolution. First, I have no idea why Steve thinks all three independents are with the government. We need to prove to the moderates, independents and western libertarians that we are tough enough. It very quickly grew, drawing in people from other left wing parties and many independents from the social movements and trade unions. He tried two or three times to get into Parliament as an independent. Many of the independents are opposition candidates whose parties have been banned. As well as the big three parties, other groups looking for your vote include the Greens, Socialist Alliance and various independents. The government of Nunavut will be a non-party system and members run as independents and will govern by consensus. The extreme right wing British National Party has its first four representatives while there are three Greens and an independent on the new council. 1.2historical A Congregationalist. 〈史〉公理会的 Example sentencesExamples On another side were the Independents, who wanted to do away with the Anglican Church altogether. Although D' Ewes has been called a Presbyterian, his position in this treatise is more in line with the Independents. The radicals wanted it all - these were the Independents and Oliver Cromwell was emerging as their leader. They were part of English nonconformity which included Independents and Quakers. Origin Early 17th century (as an adjective): partly on the pattern of French indépendant. Definition of independent in US English: independent adjectiveˌindəˈpendəntˌɪndəˈpɛndənt 1Free from outside control; not depending on another's authority. 自主的；独立的，不依赖权威的 the study is totally independent of central government 这项研究完全不受中央政府约束。 Canada's largest independent investment firm Example sentencesExamples You can also get standard-rate tax relief if you pay service charges to local authorities and other independent contractors. The modern criminal-court system makes it very difficult for a grand jury to exercise any independent authority. The statement is now available for a second time for people to comment on, and it will be subject to an independent examination later this year. The school, which has about 370 students, has been the subject of an independent inquiry. Well, we've got to retain our nuclear deterrent, and we've had an independent nuclear deterrent for a long time. It recommended that the agency be subject to an independent review. These agencies were entrusted with independent legislative authority on a federal level. Outside controls or independent reviews could have provided such safeguards. This committee should therefore be independent and have the authority to test out proposed rates by producers and monitor implementation. However, such a set-up calls for an independent authority to monitor the functioning of these institutions. It's going to be - the judiciary system in this country is independent. An alternative is to become an independent contractor to the agency. Is it time now for an outside independent commission to take a look at the intelligence, which apparently was faulty? Without missing a beat, the Senator proposed an new independent authority to handle complaints. The antennae had been installed following consultation with local authorities and assessment by independent safety consultants, and were safe. The Lebanese people are the ones who want a country that is sovereign and independent and free from outside interference. The Commission is an independent authority which aims to achieve dual goals of reconciliation and justice. There is an area that remains more or less independent of the control of the government. Action is required now to ensure the allocation of all Lottery money is independent and free from the control of politicians. Synonyms freethinking, individualistic, unconventional, maverick 1.1 (of a country) self-governing. （国家）独立的；自治的 India became independent in 1947 印度于1947年独立。 Example sentencesExamples Australia doesn't even need to be a republic to be a proud, confident and independent country. His concept can be used in meeting just demands of a people in their own independent country if the rulers fail in their duty. How can you be proud of being an independent country if the government is unable to improve its citizens' welfare? Life's getting harder in this so-called independent country, let alone for people in the low-income bracket like me. The British government officially recognised Madagascar as an independent country in 1820. Once the Soviet Union broke apart, Kazakhstan became an independent country. I don't think we are ready to govern an independent country. He's promoted and encouraged the idea of distinct Taiwanese identity and said his country is already independent. The six-country tour will also underpin the fact that the island is a sovereign, independent country, he said. In 1948 the island, then an independent country, voted in a referendum to become the 10th province of Canada. Bangladesh later separated from Pakistan and East Timor which at the time was a Portuguese colony but is now an independent country. If New Zealand is to develop as a fully independent country we must give all our people equal access to justice, and not just a privileged few. Taiwan is clearly an independent country with its own sovereignty. Many of the states were too small or awkwardly located to survive as independent countries. In 1962, Jamaica became an independent country after 300 years of British rule. He promised to continue ignoring the fact that Cuba is an independent country, not a US colony. Now it is all different, of course, and we are an independent country. The statue was erected in 1962 to welcome foreign visitors to the then young independent country. Kazakhstan is now an independent country, but for decades it was part of the Soviet Union. Please let's change and be people with brave hearts and forget all about violence against any particular sex in this independent country. Synonyms self-governing, self-legislating, self-determining, sovereign, autonomous, autonomic, autarkic, free, non-aligned 1.2 Not belonging to or supported by a political party. 独立的，无党派的，无政党支持的 the independent candidate 独立候选人，无党派候选人。 Example sentencesExamples Instead of listening to other political parties and to independent experts he consistently and viciously denigrated all opposition. Support for independent candidates and smaller parties has also risen, but in the locals rather than the Euro elections. However, ward councillors can either join a new political party or become independent councillors. It demands the building of a new independent political party. The few independent candidates with political potential are quickly recruited by the parties. So now we have voter apathy across the board, adversely affecting both parties, and independent candidates fared worse. Working people can defend their interests only through the establishment of their own independent political party. Lenin did not invent the concept of the party or of the independent political organization of the working class. In time, this should improve the prospects of third parties and independent candidates. Democracy presupposes independent political parties and an electorate willing to debate issues and vote accordingly. They strive to be independent from political parties and openly battle government-controlled organizations. When the matter went to Parliament, all political parties supported an independent Complaints Commission. The time has come for the American working class to begin the arduous task of constructing an independent political party. Those two seats went to candidates from little-known independent parties. Its founding in 1906 represented the first step by British workers towards their own independent political party. This campaign exposed the ballot access barriers that confront all third party and independent candidates. Half of them prefer party nominees to independent candidates. The remaining 8 seats were clinched by splinter parties or independent candidates. The great weakness of the American workers movement historically has been its inability to establish an independent political party. There are also minor party and independent candidates in many ridings, who generally deserve far more consideration than they receive. 1.3 (of broadcasting, a school, etc.) not supported by public funds. （广播、学校等）无公共基金资助的，独立的 Example sentencesExamples The borough's independent schools joined in the celebrations. There are more than 70 independent schools in Scotland - just under a quarter of which are in and around Edinburgh. He insisted independent schools from all faiths had a role to play in encouraging understanding of people from different backgrounds. This could also be the reason why few pupils go from public schools to independent schools. Head teachers at other independent schools said above-inflation fee hikes were necessary to meet a number of rising costs. Nothing surprising there; with a higher per capita budget, independent schools of course do better on that score. The bill would have introduced a public benefit test for independent schools ensuring they prove they offer a benefit to the public and not just fee-payers. There are also independent schools which are boarding or day, senior or junior, rural or urban, large or small. The selection procedure for independent schools is, for parents and children alike, a nerve-wracking experience. A cheeky calendar starring boys from a posh independent school has won a group of girl pupils a business award. Collaboration amongst educators across public, Catholic and independent schools is difficult to say the least. The overall pass rate this year for all schools, including both state and independent schools, was 69.6%. Academies are independent schools funded by public money. The group also runs two independent schools and three private nurseries in Wakefield and Barnsley. The Department for Education and Skills said no formal approach had been made by the schools, but it was not government policy to fund independent schools. A new Charity Act will require independent schools to show they are meeting a public benefit test. One academic says the proposal will increase the gap between State and independent schools to an alarming degree. So we will help parents and other groups establish a new generation of independent schools funded by the state. If you had a quota, you might actually say we will only make offers to 20% of independent school applicants. What is on the screen will depend on whether the Council teams up with public space broadcasts or independent programmers. Synonyms private, public, non-state-controlled, non-state-run, non-public, private-sector, private-enterprise, fee-paying, commercial 1.4historical Congregational. 〈史〉公理会的 2Not depending on another for livelihood or subsistence. 自立的，自力更生的 I wanted to remain independent in old age 我希望年老时还能不依赖他人。 Example sentencesExamples I was now independent, and wasn't planning on depending on anyone for awhile. It's hard to go from a very, independent woman to depending on others. Not only were you beautiful but you were also smart, self-sufficient, independent and strong. Plus she is very much an independent, self sufficient woman, but also with a softer side! It is partly due to his weaknesses that I became independent and self-reliant. Neddy was a very independent person who lived life quietly in Ballingarry. Clearly, she was an independent, self-sufficient child as only children often are, but she was imaginative too, and a great reader. Because I wanted her to be independent and not to have to depend on some man for her living… Due to this and various things in adult life I have a real aversion to depending on people, not being independent. She was fiercely independent and very self sufficient and I got the idea that she didn't like being babied or fussed over by men. They are remarkably independent and self reliant and this is what drives me mad! Self-reliant and independent, they do not necessarily take pride in their local community. Teenagers are forever pushing out their boundaries as they strive to be independent and self sufficient. Like most Australian girls, I was intrigued by a man who could be so self reliant and independent in the bush. It can help children take their first steps towards being more independent and self reliant. You think of yourself as independent, you want to be independent, but you depend on Alex more than anyone. To most people, Teddy often came off as far more independent and self-sufficient than most other boys his age. They are also a form of social policy that has the objective of making people more independent and thus self-reliant. They did not claim to be victims; they presented as a rugged, stoical, independent, self-reliant yeomanry. His father was a stonemason and architect who brought up his children to be independent and self reliant. Synonyms self-sufficient, self-supporting, self-sustaining, self-reliant, self-standing, able to stand on one's own two feet 2.1 (of income or resources) making it unnecessary to earn one's living. （收入，财产）多得无须谋生的，足以过温饱生活的 a woman of independent means 一个无须为谋生操劳的女人。 Example sentencesExamples From about the early 1880s he had independent income and so he devoted himself to the problem of flight. 3Capable of thinking or acting for oneself. 能独立思考的；能独立行动的 advice for independent travelers 给自助旅游者的建议。 Example sentencesExamples I suggested that attracting backpackers and independent travellers would be a good way to get that ball rolling. Balanced with that is the wish of older people to maintain independent living with their own front door rather than to move into more traditional residential homes. The advantage of being part of a tour is gaining access to experiences that would be practically impossible for an independent traveller. They have great scripts, great acting, an independent voice and are marketable. A toy capable of totally independent thought would be way too freaky. However, the overland crossing between Thailand and Malaysia has become a very popular independent traveller's route. John is an independent adult, legally capable of making his own decisions. There are two separate engines, one on each side of a locomotive and capable of independent operation. And if there's a food place with a good write up in the independent travellers' bible, lo and behold, many food shops change their names to match. A molecule is the smallest unit of a substance capable of independent existence. Stroke rehabilitation is designed to help you return to independent living. They respond readily to a simple telepathic command, but as you can see, they are capable of independent action and collaboration as a group. Will there be future developments that will once again force us to review the age at which we see a foetus as a human capable of independent survival? Get out while you're still capable of independent thought and action. It provided them with training opportunities, courses and help with independent living. This had meant that Chris was very independent and more than capable of fending for himself on his own. We want them to be steeped in the democratic process and capable of independent thinking on all kinds of issues great and small. They wanted to be independent, strong, capable of standing on their own two feet. Her music career, like her acting career, is as independent as she is. 3.1 Not influenced or affected by others; impartial. 不受他人影响的；公正的 a thorough and independent investigation of the case 对案件彻底、公正的调查。 Example sentencesExamples Bacon was capable of offering independent advice and increasingly hostile towards Mary, queen of Scots. Again, the service is independent, impartial and confidential. No one will take seriously a body that is not seen to be independent and impartial. International law requires that every criminal court be competent, independent and impartial. They falsely pretend to be impartial and independent, or patronisingly portray themselves to be the same as ordinary people. The ads should also be subject to independent oversight. Under such circumstances, how can one ensure a fair and independent investigation? News and commentary have never been more interesting and diverse than they are today under the influence of independent media. An independent investigation in to the Trust's waiting figures is now taking place, at the request of the government. Providing minimal information which is not capable of independent verification should alert you that something may be wrong. The requirement that the tribunal should be independent and impartial is one that has long been recognised by English common law. And the Federal Bureau of Investigation is also conducting an independent investigation. The sacking was for unspecified professional misconduct after an independent investigation into allegations that he had an affair with a patient. That is a perfect example of the philosophy of the office of the independent counsel in this investigation. In consequence, the judge is able to act, and to be seen to act, as an impartial and independent adjudicator. The administration is conducting an internal review, but momentum for an independent investigation is growing. He said the matter deserves an impartial, independent investigation. The European Convention on Human Rights demands a fair trial before an independent and impartial tribunal. There will be no such thing as a completely independent investigation. This is the only way to ensure that the people of Taiwan receive fair, objective and independent perspectives. Synonyms impartial, unbiased, unprejudiced, neutral, disinterested, uninvolved, uncommitted, detached, dispassionate, objective, open-minded, equitable, non-partisan, even-handed, fair, fair-minded, just 4Not connected with another or with each other; separate. 独立的，互不相干的；分离的；个别的，单独的 the legislature and the judicature are independent of each other 立法机关与司法机关相互独立。 we need two independent witnesses to testify 我们需要两个互不相干的证人来作证。 Example sentencesExamples It should be mentioned that these 11 requirements are not independent from each other. They argue for a multilevel approach with conceptually independent but ontologically connected domains. These two domains are functionally independent and have had separate evolutionary origins. Positive and negative feedback are not independent from each other. Allowing each other to be independent whilst still a couple. Sponge cells perform a variety of bodily functions and appear to be more independent of each other than are the cells of other animals. The result is that for most of the game the board cannot be broken down into independent components. Why are separate and independent events seen as interrelated parts of a sequence? If the value of an element is independent of the presence of another element, both elements are said to be independent from each other. Pressure and shear have an independent influence on wound healing, especially on ischemic wounds. The different functions can often be assigned to conserved amino acid motifs which are separated into independent structural units. Three independent populations separated by straight lines were positioned on the unit square. Once in orbit, multiple independent warheads separated from the missile bodies and angled toward the surface. That is a separate, independent issue from what security arrangements we have. They are connected but separate events, with independent laws of causality. Such an argument suggests that language acquisition and language socialization are independent from each other. He pointed out that the university's hostels are run as a separate and independent business. Peatlands occur in low-energy settings and are more independent of adjacent landscape units. These parts were assumed to be statistically independent from each other. Social, economic, and environmental spheres are not independent from each other. Synonyms unconnected, unrelated, unassociated, dissociated, unattached, separate 4.1 Not depending on something else for strength or effectiveness; freestanding. 自给的；独立式的 an independent electric shower 独立式电淋浴器。 Example sentencesExamples If treatment effects are independent the relative risk with two or more treatments is the product of the relative risk on each treatment. Unknown is whether speed and accuracy are really independent measures of strategy effectiveness in computational estimation. The multiplier of the hazard rate is the independent multiplicative effect of a variable on what a rate would have been otherwise. Fortunately the shower is electric, and we have an independent gas fire. Synonyms separate, discrete, different, distinct, free-standing, self-contained, complete 4.2Mathematics (of one of a set of axioms, equations, or quantities) incapable of being expressed in terms of, or derived or deduced from, the others. 〔数〕（公理、方程式、数量等集或集合中之一个）无关的，独立的 Example sentencesExamples Some rate Severi's discovery of a base of algebraically independent curves on any surface as his most important contribution. With a multiallelic locus, there are more independent equations than the parameters to be estimated. However he also showed that linear sentence systems do have independent axiom systems. Ideally, the inverse problem consists of N independent linear equations. We used a parameterization process to reduce these parameters to 36 independent ones. nounˌindəˈpendəntˌɪndəˈpɛndənt 1An independent person or body. 独立自主者；独立团体 Example sentencesExamples Sinclair's team also produces high-level industry research of practical use to independents. Smaller independents gleaned new business and defined themselves as the industry's new area of growth. Well, some firms have dispensed with their in-house provision and now use the services of independents. In turn, competition has forced the independents to upgrade quality and comfort. Hunter claims most of the real talent in Scotland is to be found in the small independents started by people fed up with big company culture. The biggest problem I see is independents struggling to produce quality television shows. No boy bands allowed - the performers are proud independents without the backing of a major label. Each board will be made up of 15 members, eight tenants, five independents and two councillors. A lower limit would encourage the entry of independents and promote competition. In the gaping maw of publishing, the independents tend to be modest about their work. Places bereft of major retailers are generally in decline and it's independents and charity shops that move in like weeds rather than chain stores. In fact, most were published by university presses, the federal government or small independents. It was the perfect opportunity to bring the independents and commissioning editors together. A few doughty independents and specialist dealers aside, the bookselling business in Britain is now irretrievably homogenised. Meanwhile, the share of independents in the business is on the rise. 1.1 An independent political candidate, voter, etc. 无党派人士；独立参选者；独立市（镇）政会委员 Example sentencesExamples So I think where there are worthy alternatives in the minor parties and independents, people are having a very serious think. We need to prove to the moderates, independents and western libertarians that we are tough enough. At that time the ruling party captured 193 seats, though many of these candidates ran as independents. But so far no way has been found to make democracy and government work with independents. More than once, it has crossed my mind to stand for election to the council as an independent. Labour Students and the organised independents who dominate the executive retreated from their original plan. He was an independent at Highland council and was only inducted into the Labour party on the eve of devolution. In 1935, she retired from teaching to stand for Parliament as an independent. It very quickly grew, drawing in people from other left wing parties and many independents from the social movements and trade unions. So to win government, even with the support of the other five independents, the Coalition would need to win ten seats. After a somewhat cursory examination, the Commission told the independents late in February that it was doing nothing. As well as the big three parties, other groups looking for your vote include the Greens, Socialist Alliance and various independents. The government of Nunavut will be a non-party system and members run as independents and will govern by consensus. The extreme right wing British National Party has its first four representatives while there are three Greens and an independent on the new council. First, I have no idea why Steve thinks all three independents are with the government. After the recent election we again have four Greens and three progressive independents out of 10 councillors. Many of the independents are opposition candidates whose parties have been banned. He hasn't sat on the board for a few years but it is still stacked full of 5 cronies with not a single independent to be seen anywhere. The ten presidential candidates, including independents, were listed in two columns. He tried two or three times to get into Parliament as an independent. 1.2historical A Congregationalist. 〈史〉公理会的 Example sentencesExamples They were part of English nonconformity which included Independents and Quakers. Although D' Ewes has been called a Presbyterian, his position in this treatise is more in line with the Independents. The radicals wanted it all - these were the Independents and Oliver Cromwell was emerging as their leader. On another side were the Independents, who wanted to do away with the Anglican Church altogether. Origin Early 17th century (as an adjective): partly on the pattern of French indépendant.
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