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词汇 inflection
释义

Definition of inflection in English:

inflection

(British inflexion)
noun ɪnˈflɛkʃ(ə)nɪnˈflɛkʃ(ə)n
  • 1Grammar
    A change in the form of a word (typically the ending) to express a grammatical function or attribute such as tense, mood, person, number, case, and gender.

    〔语法〕(词,尤指词尾的)屈折变化

    a set of word forms differing only in respect of inflections
    Example sentencesExamples
    • A set of verb forms or inflections used to indicate the speaker's attitude toward the factuality or likelihood of the action or condition expressed.
    • To learn the languages with inversions, it is enough to know the words and their inflections; to learn the French language, we must also retain the word order.
    • In many hymns (but not all) we have substituted second person plural pronouns and verbal inflections for second person singular ones, but only where this leaves the poetic and rhyming schemes of the hymns unaltered.
    • There are also inflections marking gender, number, and tense.
    • There are inflexions for number and tense, the vocabulary is Latin or Germanic for the most part, with all the baggage those words bring with them.
    Synonyms
    conjugation, declension
    form, ending, case
    1. 1.1mass noun The process or practice of inflecting words.
      (词的)屈折变化过程(或实践)
      Example sentencesExamples
      • In sentences, inflection for case allows a certain freedom of word order, more or less as in Latin.
      • The fluidity of Polish syntax, due to inflection, makes possible a highly complex structure which, some Polish critics suspect, prevented Sep from attaining a wide readership in his time: he was too difficult.
      • But what we do in English is shift the subordinate clause verb into preterite inflection (had blue eyes instead of has blue eyes) as if to respect the choice of tense in the main clause.
      • Spanish uses word order, rather than noun and pronoun inflection, to encode meaning.
      • One can add inflection to specific words to make the final sentence sound more natural.
  • 2mass noun The modulation of intonation or pitch in the voice.

    (声调的)抑扬

    she spoke slowly and without inflection

    她说得很慢,声调没有抑扬变化。

    count noun the variety of his vocal inflections

    他嗓音的抑扬变化。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Through a blend of facial expression, voice inflection, and halting speech, Hagman handles it with authority and believability.
    • Radio counts on voice inflection and an interesting speaker
    • If you see him live, every word, every inflection, every facial expression, is perfect.
    • In such services, both the minister and the congregation routinely use voice rhythm and vocal inflection to convey meaning.
    • The written interview misses the slow rhythm of Brian's voice and emotional inflection - it is a long read but hopefully worth it…
    • There was no inflection in her voice, and no particular emphasis on the title, but I marked the familiar way he addressed her and the formal manner in which she responded.
    • Furthermore, appealing to the use of a word may capture its direct meaning but leave untouched meanings that manifest themselves in the tone or inflection with which the word is used.
    • Thirty seconds later, I told him I was ‘in trouble’ and needed to get down (with a lot more inflection in my voice than I can write here).
    • There is a decided effort and highly noticeable inflection in the words you speak.
    • One thing hits you quickly: the voice acting is horrendous; the characters seemingly have no voice inflection, which leads to a monotonous game.
    • While Caan does a fairly credible job with the accent, voice inflection, and mannerisms, I had a difficult time with his being cast in this role.
    • Good listening habits involve not only hearing what someone says, but being sensitive to such nonverbal clues as voice inflection, facial expressions, and gestures.
    • Katherine spoke softly, sometimes hesitantly and sometimes in a rush, with a great deal more emotional inflection than the voice she uses when acting the cool professional.
    • There was absolutely no inflection in his voice.
    • On the other hand, they were superb ‘readers’ of voices, intonation, inflection, fear, evasion, demand.
    • Sometimes, I hate the lack of inflection in the written word.
    • The mocking inflexion in Lonnie's voice reminded Loren chillingly of someone else.
    • There was no inflection to her voice as she concluded, ‘You just wait.’
    • The missing link is the prosody, the patterns of stress, inflection, and intonation in a language.
    • Of these, there are two: the rising inflection and falling inflection.
    Synonyms
    stress, cadence, rhythm, accentuation, intonation, emphasis, modulation, metre, measure, rise and fall, swing, lilt, beat, change of pitch, change of tone, change of timbre
    1. 2.1 The variation of the pitch of a musical note.
      变音;转调
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The second line became one of the most distinctive features of all New Orleans brass band parades and even of the music itself as the extra musical inflection became an intrinsic element of the Crescent City sound.
      • In the second period, Balada's music was very abstract and dramatic, without melodic inflection and with a heavy reliance on avant-garde effects.
      • A flat, natural, or sharp sign can be placed above it, to indicate a chromatic inflection of the upper note.
      • The opening is played ‘okay’ but it has no accent, no inflection.
      • But he seemed ill at ease in Liszt's flamboyant Spanish Rhapsody, which in his hands wanted for inflection, contrast and affective intensity.
  • 3Mathematics
    A change of curvature from convex to concave at a particular point on a curve.

    〔主数〕拐折,回折;拐点,回折点

    the point of inflection of the bell-shaped curve
    Example sentencesExamples
    • But like the point of inflection on a line graph, the first species in any new lineage is only readily apparent after the fact.
    • The thresholds for low and high CRI are located at the inflexion points of the curve, embracing about 80% of the genes.
    • With the parameters we use, this hysteresis covers a rather small range of velocities and only results in a small inflexion in the force-velocity curve.
    • The coordinates of the inflection point for each curve are indicated by the horizontal and vertical lines.
    • However, the optimal cluster size depended on the point of inflection of the curve describing the relationship between female mating bias and cluster size.
    Synonyms
    curving, curvature, bending, turning
    curve, bend, turn, bow, crook, angle, arc, arch

Derivatives

  • inflectional

  • adjective ɪnˈflɛkʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪnˈflɛkʃ(ə)n(ə)l
    Grammar
    • Relating to or involving a change in the form of a word to express a grammatical function or attribute.

      inflectional endings
      Example sentencesExamples
      • the Latin inflectional system
      • Every so often, though, an inflectional form is closely tied to one particular construction, and then it's tempting to identify the form with the construction (and with the semantics for the construction).
      • Over time, synthetic languages have become more analytic, with the effect that inflexional morphology has repeatedly been simplified.
      • And as for the genitive form, it is formed by an inflectional process so productive that it applies to absolutely every new noun added to the language, and they can't possibly be serious about blocking it.
  • inflectionally

  • adverbɪnˈflɛkʃ(ə)n(ə)liɪnˈflɛkʃ(ə)nəli
    Grammar
    • This paper presents an algorithm for unsupervised learning of morphological analysis and generation of inflectionally rich languages like Hindi.
      To use morphological cues for syntactic bootstrapping, children must recognize that inflectionally varying words (e.g., pushes, pushed) are instances of the same word.
  • inflectionless

  • adjective
    • It's hard to describe the emotional effect those inflectionless beeps have on true fans, although they're more than happy to talk about it between themselves on dozens of discussion boards that have appeared on the internet.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • He paused a moment and then just kept talking in that dull, inflectionless way.
      • Beck's voice is a blunt, inflectionless tool, but his somnambulant tone conveys a creepy sense of resigned ennui that will bring most listeners down but still draw them back for more.
      • But it's Jazz's rumbling rapping that's become the band's trademark; inflectionless, existential rhyming that hovers over the thumping beats, anchoring the music with some unashamed profundity.
      • With his inflectionless, monosyllabic drawl and general lack of animation, how could they tell when Blaine had thawed again?

Origin

Late Middle English (in the sense 'the action of bending inwards'): from Latin inflexio(n-), from the verb inflectere 'bend in, curve' (see inflect).

  • flex from early 16th century:

    This comes from the Latin flectere ‘to bend’. The electrical flex (early 20th century) is a shortening of flexible cord or cable, flexible being late Middle English and from the same source, as is deflect (mid 16th century) ‘bend away’. An inflection (Late Middle English) was originally an act of bending inwards, gaining its grammatical sense in the mid 17th century. Flexitime has been being worked, by those lucky enough to get it, since the 1970s.

Rhymes

abjection, affection, circumspection, collection, complexion, confection, connection, convection, correction, defection, deflection, dejection, detection, direction, ejection, election, genuflection, imperfection, infection, injection, inspection, insurrection, interconnection, interjection, intersection, introspection, lection, misdirection, objection, perfection, predilection, projection, protection, refection, reflection, rejection, resurrection, retrospection, section, selection, subjection, transection, vivisection

Definition of inflection in US English:

inflection

(British inflexion)
nounɪnˈflɛkʃ(ə)ninˈflekSH(ə)n
  • 1Grammar
    A change in the form of a word (typically the ending) to express a grammatical function or attribute such as tense, mood, person, number, case, and gender.

    〔语法〕(词,尤指词尾的)屈折变化

    Example sentencesExamples
    • A set of verb forms or inflections used to indicate the speaker's attitude toward the factuality or likelihood of the action or condition expressed.
    • In many hymns (but not all) we have substituted second person plural pronouns and verbal inflections for second person singular ones, but only where this leaves the poetic and rhyming schemes of the hymns unaltered.
    • There are also inflections marking gender, number, and tense.
    • To learn the languages with inversions, it is enough to know the words and their inflections; to learn the French language, we must also retain the word order.
    • There are inflexions for number and tense, the vocabulary is Latin or Germanic for the most part, with all the baggage those words bring with them.
    Synonyms
    conjugation, declension
    1. 1.1 The process or practice of inflecting words.
      (词的)屈折变化过程(或实践)
      Example sentencesExamples
      • In sentences, inflection for case allows a certain freedom of word order, more or less as in Latin.
      • But what we do in English is shift the subordinate clause verb into preterite inflection (had blue eyes instead of has blue eyes) as if to respect the choice of tense in the main clause.
      • Spanish uses word order, rather than noun and pronoun inflection, to encode meaning.
      • The fluidity of Polish syntax, due to inflection, makes possible a highly complex structure which, some Polish critics suspect, prevented Sep from attaining a wide readership in his time: he was too difficult.
      • One can add inflection to specific words to make the final sentence sound more natural.
  • 2The modulation of intonation or pitch in the voice.

    (声调的)抑扬

    she spoke slowly and without inflection

    她说得很慢,声调没有抑扬变化。

    the variety of his vocal inflections

    他嗓音的抑扬变化。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • One thing hits you quickly: the voice acting is horrendous; the characters seemingly have no voice inflection, which leads to a monotonous game.
    • The missing link is the prosody, the patterns of stress, inflection, and intonation in a language.
    • Of these, there are two: the rising inflection and falling inflection.
    • Through a blend of facial expression, voice inflection, and halting speech, Hagman handles it with authority and believability.
    • While Caan does a fairly credible job with the accent, voice inflection, and mannerisms, I had a difficult time with his being cast in this role.
    • If you see him live, every word, every inflection, every facial expression, is perfect.
    • The mocking inflexion in Lonnie's voice reminded Loren chillingly of someone else.
    • In such services, both the minister and the congregation routinely use voice rhythm and vocal inflection to convey meaning.
    • Thirty seconds later, I told him I was ‘in trouble’ and needed to get down (with a lot more inflection in my voice than I can write here).
    • There was no inflection in her voice, and no particular emphasis on the title, but I marked the familiar way he addressed her and the formal manner in which she responded.
    • On the other hand, they were superb ‘readers’ of voices, intonation, inflection, fear, evasion, demand.
    • Katherine spoke softly, sometimes hesitantly and sometimes in a rush, with a great deal more emotional inflection than the voice she uses when acting the cool professional.
    • Good listening habits involve not only hearing what someone says, but being sensitive to such nonverbal clues as voice inflection, facial expressions, and gestures.
    • There was absolutely no inflection in his voice.
    • Sometimes, I hate the lack of inflection in the written word.
    • Radio counts on voice inflection and an interesting speaker
    • Furthermore, appealing to the use of a word may capture its direct meaning but leave untouched meanings that manifest themselves in the tone or inflection with which the word is used.
    • The written interview misses the slow rhythm of Brian's voice and emotional inflection - it is a long read but hopefully worth it…
    • There is a decided effort and highly noticeable inflection in the words you speak.
    • There was no inflection to her voice as she concluded, ‘You just wait.’
    Synonyms
    stress, cadence, rhythm, accentuation, intonation, emphasis, modulation, metre, measure, rise and fall, swing, lilt, beat, change of pitch, change of tone, change of timbre
    1. 2.1 The variation of the pitch of a musical note.
      变音;转调
      Example sentencesExamples
      • But he seemed ill at ease in Liszt's flamboyant Spanish Rhapsody, which in his hands wanted for inflection, contrast and affective intensity.
      • In the second period, Balada's music was very abstract and dramatic, without melodic inflection and with a heavy reliance on avant-garde effects.
      • A flat, natural, or sharp sign can be placed above it, to indicate a chromatic inflection of the upper note.
      • The opening is played ‘okay’ but it has no accent, no inflection.
      • The second line became one of the most distinctive features of all New Orleans brass band parades and even of the music itself as the extra musical inflection became an intrinsic element of the Crescent City sound.
  • 3Mathematics
    A change of curvature from convex to concave at a particular point on a curve.

    〔主数〕拐折,回折;拐点,回折点

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The thresholds for low and high CRI are located at the inflexion points of the curve, embracing about 80% of the genes.
    • The coordinates of the inflection point for each curve are indicated by the horizontal and vertical lines.
    • With the parameters we use, this hysteresis covers a rather small range of velocities and only results in a small inflexion in the force-velocity curve.
    • But like the point of inflection on a line graph, the first species in any new lineage is only readily apparent after the fact.
    • However, the optimal cluster size depended on the point of inflection of the curve describing the relationship between female mating bias and cluster size.
    Synonyms
    curving, curvature, bending, turning

Origin

Late Middle English (in the sense ‘the action of bending inwards’): from Latin inflexio(n-), from the verb inflectere ‘bend in, curve’ (see inflect).

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