Definition of sanction in English:

sanction

noun ˈsaŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n

1A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.
处罚，制裁
a range of sanctions aimed at deterring insider abuse
旨在防止内部人员舞弊的一系列惩处。
Example sentencesExamples
- The White House is already threatening sanctions against Sudan if militia attacks in Darfur continue.
- In such circumstances the sanction, or the threat of it, may not in practice be effective.
- It appears to consider internal policy only when parliamentary committees flag up press behaviour that is not to their liking and threaten sanctions.
- The AU was quick in its condemnation and has threatened sanctions against Togo unless it restores the status quo.
- He said he could not, and the Allies, attacking on the western front and encountering fierce opposition, started to threaten sanctions, which Russia could not afford.
- If we threaten them with economic sanctions then they're going to stop it.
- Thirty-nine powerful pharmaceutical companies threatened legal sanctions, and the government of the United States censure.
- Those sorts of factors are, in my judgment, relevant when looking at sanctions after a penalty has been imposed.
- The only response from Washington has been to threaten economic sanctions.
- His aggressive behaviour on remand had led to the imposition of disciplinary sanctions.
- It has threatened financial sanctions against nations who do not comply with international money laundering rules.
- A further argument is that if he renounces before the harm is caused, this may show that the threat of the criminal sanction has had a deterrent effect.
- It is a way of recovering penalties by a sanction which is the most serious one known to our law.
- Only a specific statute that punishes all physical and emotional elder abuse will provide effective sanctions and deterrents for those who commit elder abuse.
- Did we save lives (or improve the security of those whose lives were threatened) by imposing sanctions in the case of Bosnia?
- In response, the EPA has threatened legal sanctions against the council.
- Both bars have also developed a set of sanctions for patrons who disobey the rules.
- Similarly, unlike many of their continental European neighbours, the English clung to corporal punishment as a penal sanction until well into the twentieth century.
- The sanctions behind some rules may be only indirect, but they are nevertheless important in understanding the legal framework in which health care operates.
- The imposition of such a sanction is punishment.
Synonyms
penalty, punishment, deterrent
punitive action, discipline, penalization, correction, retribution
embargo, ban, prohibition, boycott, barrier, restriction, tariff
1. 1.1sanctions Measures taken by a state to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or official sporting participation.
  （国家之间实施的）制裁
  the United States had agreed to lift economic sanctions
  Example sentencesExamples
  It argues that imposing trade sanctions on developing countries without considering the causes of child labour and without back-up programmes cannot provide an effective solution.
  Trade sanctions provide a means of encouraging participation in agreements and penalizing signatories that step out of line.
  The question arises whether the problem can be addressed indirectly through trade sanctions or restrictions to punish countries that refuse to improve environmental standards.
  The Chinese, for their part, are not so economically potent that they can ignore the risk of incurring international trade sanctions.
  He will address questions about international law, economic sanctions and citizenship in light of the U.S. invasion of Iraq.
  Direct merchandise trade between the U.S. and Iran has declined significantly because of sanctions, but the trade impact has been limited.
  The effectiveness of trade sanctions is questionable as they are easily circumvented.
  If the war ends soon and the trade sanctions are lifted, oil prices are likely to fall even further.
  International aid was suspended and trade sanctions imposed, but negotiations failed.
  The European Union is close to imposing $4 billion worth of trade sanctions on the U.S. for failure to remove tax subsidies to its exporters.
  Legislation permitted magistrates to enforce employment agreements with penal sanctions in the form of imprisonment, fines, and physical punishment.
  Imposing trade sanctions, although officials admit that Iran-Canada trade may not be extensive enough to serve as much of a lever.
  In the name of international labor standards, arbitrary and inflexible trade sanctions will be imposed on Third World countries.
  The United States responded by imposing trade sanctions.
  The Berlin Decrees of 1806 were the first in a series of sanctions against Britain's trade known collectively as the Continental System.
  When Washington conceded last year that the ETI should be removed, the EU refrained from imposing trade sanctions.
  The United Nations Security Council has the power to impose the ultimate penalty against States failing to conform to international legal obligations - sanctions.
  The United States is bracing for $150 million in trade sanctions by the European Union, Japan and several other countries.
  Snow also said trade sanctions against China now under debate in Congress could hurt U.S. businesses rather than help.
  The United Nations and European Union are opposed to trade sanctions against Burma.
2. 1.2Philosophy A consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct.
  〔伦理学〕约束力
  Example sentencesExamples
  And it claims that the conditions under which moral sanctions should be applied are determined by rules justified by their consequences.
  That, though a large factor in the moral bewilderment of the West, is a marginal issue for Nietzsche, whose main interest is in the nature of morality's sanctions in general.
  The problem is that religion provides an ultimate sanction for your actions.
  Hume makes no attempt to connect morals with religion, no doubt because he saw that morals cannot be grounded on any form of authority, however powerful, though religious belief may operate as a sanction through its effect on the passions.
  Community pressure remains in practice the only real sanction for enforcing compliance with arbitral awards, or with judgments of the ICJ or other international tribunals.
2mass noun Official permission or approval for an action.
（官方对某一行为的）认可，准许；批准
he appealed to the bishop for his sanction
他请求主教批准。
Example sentencesExamples
- In Newcastle, doctors sought legal sanction to treat a baby with a severe facial deformity against the wishes of her parents.
- It has now sought sanction for running a coffee/tea vending outlet within the hospital to generate some revenue.
- The museum, which is situated on the Rathangan / Allenwood road, is owned by Teagasc who are awaiting government sanction to sell the property.
- The ancients also used oracles to obtain sanction or approval, even though they had already decided on their course of action.
- Despite the problems the book had initially faced in finding a publisher in China - purportedly for its political overtones - it had finally received official sanction.
- Planning had been got and sanction for funding the housing element of the project had just been announced by the Dept of the Environment.
- They have to seek budgetary sanction of fund according to the requirement of this class I institution of the country contracting the higher ups in power.
- With sanction being sought from the Irish Congress of Trade Unions for an all-out picket, the LRC has again stepped in to mediate in the dispute.
- The Siptu national industrial secretary yesterday said the union had already secured sanction from its members for industrial action from tomorrow.
- Her mother had sought court sanction for the operation to stop her daughter's periods and prevent her from getting pregnant.
- The municipal authorities should not give sanction for construction of houses, with more than 1,000 sq. ft. floor area, without a RWH structure.
- However, the travellers who have caravans parked there have been given official sanction of sorts by being allowed to purchase annual residents parking permits from the Borough Council.
- Other grants applied for are awaiting sanction.
- They have urged Laois County Council to seek the immediate sanction of the National Roads Authority for the re-commencement of road words at Park, Stradbally.
- Sligo County Council still await sanction from the Dept. of the Environment to upgrade the Tubbercurry sewerage treatment facilities.
- It should be noted that neither Students for Life nor Muslim Students for Universal Justice, have, to my knowledge, demanded approval or official sanction for their principles.
- The sanction of the proposed union by official state-appointed authorities is still a prominent feature of marriages.
- He gives sanction to his 10,000 figure by saying it might underestimate the annual trafficking in sex slaves.
- Montréal 2006 says the Games will go on with or without FGG sanction, who in turn say they will move the official Games to Atlanta.
- A Teagasc spokesman said its board had sanctioned a proposed increase in fees but this requires ministerial sanction, which is in the process of being sought.
Synonyms
authorization, consent, leave, permission, authority, warrant, licence, dispensation, assent, acquiescence, agreement, approval, seal/stamp of approval, approbation, recognition, endorsement, accreditation, confirmation, ratification, validation, blessing, imprimatur, clearance, acceptance, allowance
informal the go-ahead, the thumbs up, the OK, the green light, say-so
rare permit
1. 2.1 Official confirmation or ratification of a law.
  （对法律的）正式认可；批准
  Example sentencesExamples
  In the case of the South Australian Tribunal, my understanding, your Honour, is that it does not have a power to impose any direct sanction.
  If it does not, then it is for Parliament, if it thinks fit, to provide the necessary sanction by providing a public law remedy linked directly to the protection of public rights.
  But the Directive leaves open the powers to the prosecution and sanction to the interpretation of individual states.
  The Plan sanction should have been approved by the BDA.
  In thus reifying as law what had been done in practice, the Court gave legal sanction to further transgressions against the remaining Native American communities.
  The overarching discretion of the trial judge to take into account the particular circumstances of the offender is essential to the imposition of a fair and just sanction.
  Synonyms
  support, backing, approval, seal of approval, agreement, acceptance, recommendation, advocacy, championship, patronage
2. 2.2Law historical count noun A law or decree, especially an ecclesiastical decree.
  〔律〕〈史〉（尤指基督教会的）法令，法律
  Example sentencesExamples
  That is to say, the common perception is that the validity of religious laws is ensured by divine sanction, while the utility of customary laws is assumed to have been proven through long experience.
  It was an ecclesiastical sanction that had the effect of closing churches and suspending religious services.

verb ˈsaŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n

[with object]

1Give official permission or approval for (an action)
（官方对某一行为的）认可，准许；批准
the scheme was sanctioned by the court
Example sentencesExamples
- It was during the first stage that the regime discovered that it could not officially sanction any one style or movement.
- That's a separate question from the issue of whether or not government should sanction, or approve or give some sort of authorization, if you will, to these relationships.
- It must be noted that these drugs have been sanctioned and approved by the Food and Drugs Administration of the US.
- Upon arrival I was directed to an office and urged to buy an entrance ticket, a new scheme sanctioned by the county government to aid maintenance.
- Britain has just become the first country to officially sanction genetic testing for insurance purposes.
- The Estate Office has a list of about 80 towers which were sanctioned and permission had been taken.
- Furthermore, the court may sanction treatment that will shorten the life of a terminally ill child, in order to relieve suffering.
- The claim comes on the back of revelations that the Orkney Flag cannot be sanctioned for official use in the county either because it has Irish links.
- Under his draft guidelines, schemes would be officially sanctioned.
- The issue of fairness, which remained, was for consideration at the hearing to sanction the scheme.
- Training will commence just as soon as the GAA Club has sanctioned permission, as the Ladies Club will need to use this pitch.
- That something belongs to tradition, or is sanctioned by authority, is no justification for its acceptance.
- The matters for consideration at this stage concern the jurisdiction of the court to sanction the scheme if it proceeds.
- After that, planning permission has to be sanctioned by the Town Council.
- Actually, that's not entirely true - there was a smoking area and a small bar, but neither was officially sanctioned.
- Monies and permission from all parties involved has been sanctioned.
- This principle usually gives a clear answer: doctors may be authorised by the court to treat a child if a parent refuses to sanction treatment that is clearly necessary for that child's welfare.
- The event is officially sanctioned by the Commonwealth Federation.
- Thus, disclosure of data may be sanctioned by a court order and is allowed where the data subject has consented to it.
- It has been officially sanctioned as the Beale Street Historic District.
Synonyms
authorize, consent to, permit, allow, give leave for, give permission for, warrant, accredit, license, give assent to, endorse, agree to, approve, accept, give one's blessing to, back, support
informal give the thumbs up to, give the green light to, OK
North American rare approbate
2Impose a sanction or penalty on.
对…实施制裁；对…处以惩罚
foreigners in France illegally should be sent home, their employers sanctioned and border controls tightened up
Example sentencesExamples
- And right now that means confronting and sanctioning an out of control Israel.
- Governing bodies are allowed to sanction owners and teams.
- Moreover, the actions of individuals who repeat rather than question, watch out for, punish, and sanction transgressions, lend these norms their strength.
- They had to be punished or sanctioned, so this is the sanction that the judge came up with.
- As a result, more and more medical societies have begun to sanction members with penalties like suspension or revocation of their society membership.
Synonyms
punish, discipline someone for

Derivatives

sanctionable

adjective

BP is mulling a petrochemical project and is sinking money into a joint-venture lubrication oil plant, which is not sanctionable under ILSA.
Example sentencesExamples
- Any transfer of lethal military equipment to state sponsors of terrorism is sanctionable under U.S. laws.
- USF now has set forth charges of sanctionable and criminal behavior against the tenured professor of computer science, against which he now must have the opportunity to defend himself in an appropriate and impartial forum.
- The view at Ciceroinian Review, on the other hand, is that her actions cannot be sanctionable without prohibiting any member of the bar from lobbying over judicial nominations.
- I can't say that voicing the opinion that the legal system is a dated anachronism is remotely close to sanctionable behavior.

Origin

Late Middle English (as a noun denoting an ecclesiastical decree): from French, from Latin sanctio(n-), from sancire 'ratify'. The verb dates from the late 18th century.

Definition of sanction in US English:

sanction

nounˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nˈsaNG(k)SH(ə)n

1A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.
处罚，制裁
a range of sanctions aimed at deterring insider abuse
旨在防止内部人员舞弊的一系列惩处。
Example sentencesExamples
- The imposition of such a sanction is punishment.
- It appears to consider internal policy only when parliamentary committees flag up press behaviour that is not to their liking and threaten sanctions.
- If we threaten them with economic sanctions then they're going to stop it.
- In such circumstances the sanction, or the threat of it, may not in practice be effective.
- Thirty-nine powerful pharmaceutical companies threatened legal sanctions, and the government of the United States censure.
- The AU was quick in its condemnation and has threatened sanctions against Togo unless it restores the status quo.
- It is a way of recovering penalties by a sanction which is the most serious one known to our law.
- He said he could not, and the Allies, attacking on the western front and encountering fierce opposition, started to threaten sanctions, which Russia could not afford.
- Both bars have also developed a set of sanctions for patrons who disobey the rules.
- Did we save lives (or improve the security of those whose lives were threatened) by imposing sanctions in the case of Bosnia?
- Those sorts of factors are, in my judgment, relevant when looking at sanctions after a penalty has been imposed.
- Only a specific statute that punishes all physical and emotional elder abuse will provide effective sanctions and deterrents for those who commit elder abuse.
- A further argument is that if he renounces before the harm is caused, this may show that the threat of the criminal sanction has had a deterrent effect.
- It has threatened financial sanctions against nations who do not comply with international money laundering rules.
- The sanctions behind some rules may be only indirect, but they are nevertheless important in understanding the legal framework in which health care operates.
- The only response from Washington has been to threaten economic sanctions.
- Similarly, unlike many of their continental European neighbours, the English clung to corporal punishment as a penal sanction until well into the twentieth century.
- His aggressive behaviour on remand had led to the imposition of disciplinary sanctions.
- In response, the EPA has threatened legal sanctions against the council.
- The White House is already threatening sanctions against Sudan if militia attacks in Darfur continue.
Synonyms
penalty, punishment, deterrent
1. 1.1sanctions Measures taken by a nation to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or on participation in official sporting events.
  （国家之间实施的）制裁
  Example sentencesExamples
  The effectiveness of trade sanctions is questionable as they are easily circumvented.
  The Chinese, for their part, are not so economically potent that they can ignore the risk of incurring international trade sanctions.
  If the war ends soon and the trade sanctions are lifted, oil prices are likely to fall even further.
  It argues that imposing trade sanctions on developing countries without considering the causes of child labour and without back-up programmes cannot provide an effective solution.
  In the name of international labor standards, arbitrary and inflexible trade sanctions will be imposed on Third World countries.
  He will address questions about international law, economic sanctions and citizenship in light of the U.S. invasion of Iraq.
  The United Nations and European Union are opposed to trade sanctions against Burma.
  When Washington conceded last year that the ETI should be removed, the EU refrained from imposing trade sanctions.
  Snow also said trade sanctions against China now under debate in Congress could hurt U.S. businesses rather than help.
  The question arises whether the problem can be addressed indirectly through trade sanctions or restrictions to punish countries that refuse to improve environmental standards.
  The European Union is close to imposing $4 billion worth of trade sanctions on the U.S. for failure to remove tax subsidies to its exporters.
  The United States is bracing for $150 million in trade sanctions by the European Union, Japan and several other countries.
  Direct merchandise trade between the U.S. and Iran has declined significantly because of sanctions, but the trade impact has been limited.
  The United States responded by imposing trade sanctions.
  International aid was suspended and trade sanctions imposed, but negotiations failed.
  Trade sanctions provide a means of encouraging participation in agreements and penalizing signatories that step out of line.
  The Berlin Decrees of 1806 were the first in a series of sanctions against Britain's trade known collectively as the Continental System.
  Imposing trade sanctions, although officials admit that Iran-Canada trade may not be extensive enough to serve as much of a lever.
  The United Nations Security Council has the power to impose the ultimate penalty against States failing to conform to international legal obligations - sanctions.
  Legislation permitted magistrates to enforce employment agreements with penal sanctions in the form of imprisonment, fines, and physical punishment.
2. 1.2Philosophy A consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct.
  〔伦理学〕约束力
  Example sentencesExamples
  That, though a large factor in the moral bewilderment of the West, is a marginal issue for Nietzsche, whose main interest is in the nature of morality's sanctions in general.
  The problem is that religion provides an ultimate sanction for your actions.
  And it claims that the conditions under which moral sanctions should be applied are determined by rules justified by their consequences.
  Hume makes no attempt to connect morals with religion, no doubt because he saw that morals cannot be grounded on any form of authority, however powerful, though religious belief may operate as a sanction through its effect on the passions.
  Community pressure remains in practice the only real sanction for enforcing compliance with arbitral awards, or with judgments of the ICJ or other international tribunals.
2Official permission or approval for an action.
（官方对某一行为的）认可，准许；批准
he appealed to the bishop for his sanction
他请求主教批准。
Example sentencesExamples
- Montréal 2006 says the Games will go on with or without FGG sanction, who in turn say they will move the official Games to Atlanta.
- Planning had been got and sanction for funding the housing element of the project had just been announced by the Dept of the Environment.
- Despite the problems the book had initially faced in finding a publisher in China - purportedly for its political overtones - it had finally received official sanction.
- However, the travellers who have caravans parked there have been given official sanction of sorts by being allowed to purchase annual residents parking permits from the Borough Council.
- He gives sanction to his 10,000 figure by saying it might underestimate the annual trafficking in sex slaves.
- Her mother had sought court sanction for the operation to stop her daughter's periods and prevent her from getting pregnant.
- They have to seek budgetary sanction of fund according to the requirement of this class I institution of the country contracting the higher ups in power.
- The ancients also used oracles to obtain sanction or approval, even though they had already decided on their course of action.
- With sanction being sought from the Irish Congress of Trade Unions for an all-out picket, the LRC has again stepped in to mediate in the dispute.
- The Siptu national industrial secretary yesterday said the union had already secured sanction from its members for industrial action from tomorrow.
- The museum, which is situated on the Rathangan / Allenwood road, is owned by Teagasc who are awaiting government sanction to sell the property.
- It has now sought sanction for running a coffee/tea vending outlet within the hospital to generate some revenue.
- A Teagasc spokesman said its board had sanctioned a proposed increase in fees but this requires ministerial sanction, which is in the process of being sought.
- It should be noted that neither Students for Life nor Muslim Students for Universal Justice, have, to my knowledge, demanded approval or official sanction for their principles.
- In Newcastle, doctors sought legal sanction to treat a baby with a severe facial deformity against the wishes of her parents.
- The municipal authorities should not give sanction for construction of houses, with more than 1,000 sq. ft. floor area, without a RWH structure.
- Other grants applied for are awaiting sanction.
- The sanction of the proposed union by official state-appointed authorities is still a prominent feature of marriages.
- They have urged Laois County Council to seek the immediate sanction of the National Roads Authority for the re-commencement of road words at Park, Stradbally.
- Sligo County Council still await sanction from the Dept. of the Environment to upgrade the Tubbercurry sewerage treatment facilities.
Synonyms
authorization, consent, leave, permission, authority, warrant, licence, dispensation, assent, acquiescence, agreement, approval, seal of approval, stamp of approval, approbation, recognition, endorsement, accreditation, confirmation, ratification, validation, blessing, imprimatur, clearance, acceptance, allowance
1. 2.1 Official confirmation or ratification of a law.
  （对法律的）正式认可；批准
  Example sentencesExamples
  In thus reifying as law what had been done in practice, the Court gave legal sanction to further transgressions against the remaining Native American communities.
  The Plan sanction should have been approved by the BDA.
  But the Directive leaves open the powers to the prosecution and sanction to the interpretation of individual states.
  The overarching discretion of the trial judge to take into account the particular circumstances of the offender is essential to the imposition of a fair and just sanction.
  In the case of the South Australian Tribunal, my understanding, your Honour, is that it does not have a power to impose any direct sanction.
  If it does not, then it is for Parliament, if it thinks fit, to provide the necessary sanction by providing a public law remedy linked directly to the protection of public rights.
  Synonyms
  support, backing, approval, seal of approval, agreement, acceptance, recommendation, advocacy, championship, patronage
2. 2.2Law historical A law or decree, especially an ecclesiastical decree.
  〔律〕〈史〉（尤指基督教会的）法令，法律
  Example sentencesExamples
  That is to say, the common perception is that the validity of religious laws is ensured by divine sanction, while the utility of customary laws is assumed to have been proven through long experience.
  It was an ecclesiastical sanction that had the effect of closing churches and suspending religious services.

verbˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nˈsaNG(k)SH(ə)n

[with object]

1Give official permission or approval for (an action)
（官方对某一行为的）认可，准许；批准
only two treatments have been sanctioned by the Food and Drug Administration
Example sentencesExamples
- After that, planning permission has to be sanctioned by the Town Council.
- That something belongs to tradition, or is sanctioned by authority, is no justification for its acceptance.
- Actually, that's not entirely true - there was a smoking area and a small bar, but neither was officially sanctioned.
- That's a separate question from the issue of whether or not government should sanction, or approve or give some sort of authorization, if you will, to these relationships.
- This principle usually gives a clear answer: doctors may be authorised by the court to treat a child if a parent refuses to sanction treatment that is clearly necessary for that child's welfare.
- Britain has just become the first country to officially sanction genetic testing for insurance purposes.
- Under his draft guidelines, schemes would be officially sanctioned.
- Monies and permission from all parties involved has been sanctioned.
- The matters for consideration at this stage concern the jurisdiction of the court to sanction the scheme if it proceeds.
- Thus, disclosure of data may be sanctioned by a court order and is allowed where the data subject has consented to it.
- Furthermore, the court may sanction treatment that will shorten the life of a terminally ill child, in order to relieve suffering.
- The event is officially sanctioned by the Commonwealth Federation.
- The claim comes on the back of revelations that the Orkney Flag cannot be sanctioned for official use in the county either because it has Irish links.
- It was during the first stage that the regime discovered that it could not officially sanction any one style or movement.
- It must be noted that these drugs have been sanctioned and approved by the Food and Drugs Administration of the US.
- The Estate Office has a list of about 80 towers which were sanctioned and permission had been taken.
- Upon arrival I was directed to an office and urged to buy an entrance ticket, a new scheme sanctioned by the county government to aid maintenance.
- The issue of fairness, which remained, was for consideration at the hearing to sanction the scheme.
- Training will commence just as soon as the GAA Club has sanctioned permission, as the Ladies Club will need to use this pitch.
- It has been officially sanctioned as the Beale Street Historic District.
Synonyms
authorize, consent to, permit, allow, give leave for, give permission for, warrant, accredit, license, give assent to, endorse, agree to, approve, accept, give one's blessing to, back, support
2Impose a sanction or penalty on.
对…实施制裁；对…处以惩罚
Example sentencesExamples
- Moreover, the actions of individuals who repeat rather than question, watch out for, punish, and sanction transgressions, lend these norms their strength.
- Governing bodies are allowed to sanction owners and teams.
- And right now that means confronting and sanctioning an out of control Israel.
- They had to be punished or sanctioned, so this is the sanction that the judge came up with.
- As a result, more and more medical societies have begun to sanction members with penalties like suspension or revocation of their society membership.
Synonyms
punish, discipline someone for

Usage

Sanction is confusing because it has two meanings that are almost opposite. In most domestic contexts, sanction means ‘approval, permission’: voters gave the measure their sanction. In foreign affairs, sanction means ‘penalty, deterrent’: international sanctions against the republic go into effect in January

Origin

Late Middle English (as a noun denoting an ecclesiastical decree): from French, from Latin sanctio(n-), from sancire ‘ratify’. The verb dates from the late 18th century.

词汇	sanction
释义	Definition of sanction in English: sanction noun ˈsaŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n 1A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule. 处罚，制裁 a range of sanctions aimed at deterring insider abuse 旨在防止内部人员舞弊的一系列惩处。 Example sentencesExamples The White House is already threatening sanctions against Sudan if militia attacks in Darfur continue. In such circumstances the sanction, or the threat of it, may not in practice be effective. It appears to consider internal policy only when parliamentary committees flag up press behaviour that is not to their liking and threaten sanctions. The AU was quick in its condemnation and has threatened sanctions against Togo unless it restores the status quo. He said he could not, and the Allies, attacking on the western front and encountering fierce opposition, started to threaten sanctions, which Russia could not afford. If we threaten them with economic sanctions then they're going to stop it. Thirty-nine powerful pharmaceutical companies threatened legal sanctions, and the government of the United States censure. Those sorts of factors are, in my judgment, relevant when looking at sanctions after a penalty has been imposed. The only response from Washington has been to threaten economic sanctions. His aggressive behaviour on remand had led to the imposition of disciplinary sanctions. It has threatened financial sanctions against nations who do not comply with international money laundering rules. A further argument is that if he renounces before the harm is caused, this may show that the threat of the criminal sanction has had a deterrent effect. It is a way of recovering penalties by a sanction which is the most serious one known to our law. Only a specific statute that punishes all physical and emotional elder abuse will provide effective sanctions and deterrents for those who commit elder abuse. Did we save lives (or improve the security of those whose lives were threatened) by imposing sanctions in the case of Bosnia? In response, the EPA has threatened legal sanctions against the council. Both bars have also developed a set of sanctions for patrons who disobey the rules. Similarly, unlike many of their continental European neighbours, the English clung to corporal punishment as a penal sanction until well into the twentieth century. The sanctions behind some rules may be only indirect, but they are nevertheless important in understanding the legal framework in which health care operates. The imposition of such a sanction is punishment. Synonyms penalty, punishment, deterrent punitive action, discipline, penalization, correction, retribution embargo, ban, prohibition, boycott, barrier, restriction, tariff 1.1sanctions Measures taken by a state to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or official sporting participation. （国家之间实施的）制裁 the United States had agreed to lift economic sanctions Example sentencesExamples It argues that imposing trade sanctions on developing countries without considering the causes of child labour and without back-up programmes cannot provide an effective solution. Trade sanctions provide a means of encouraging participation in agreements and penalizing signatories that step out of line. The question arises whether the problem can be addressed indirectly through trade sanctions or restrictions to punish countries that refuse to improve environmental standards. The Chinese, for their part, are not so economically potent that they can ignore the risk of incurring international trade sanctions. He will address questions about international law, economic sanctions and citizenship in light of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. Direct merchandise trade between the U.S. and Iran has declined significantly because of sanctions, but the trade impact has been limited. The effectiveness of trade sanctions is questionable as they are easily circumvented. If the war ends soon and the trade sanctions are lifted, oil prices are likely to fall even further. International aid was suspended and trade sanctions imposed, but negotiations failed. The European Union is close to imposing $4 billion worth of trade sanctions on the U.S. for failure to remove tax subsidies to its exporters. Legislation permitted magistrates to enforce employment agreements with penal sanctions in the form of imprisonment, fines, and physical punishment. Imposing trade sanctions, although officials admit that Iran-Canada trade may not be extensive enough to serve as much of a lever. In the name of international labor standards, arbitrary and inflexible trade sanctions will be imposed on Third World countries. The United States responded by imposing trade sanctions. The Berlin Decrees of 1806 were the first in a series of sanctions against Britain's trade known collectively as the Continental System. When Washington conceded last year that the ETI should be removed, the EU refrained from imposing trade sanctions. The United Nations Security Council has the power to impose the ultimate penalty against States failing to conform to international legal obligations - sanctions. The United States is bracing for $150 million in trade sanctions by the European Union, Japan and several other countries. Snow also said trade sanctions against China now under debate in Congress could hurt U.S. businesses rather than help. The United Nations and European Union are opposed to trade sanctions against Burma. 1.2Philosophy A consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct. 〔伦理学〕约束力 Example sentencesExamples And it claims that the conditions under which moral sanctions should be applied are determined by rules justified by their consequences. That, though a large factor in the moral bewilderment of the West, is a marginal issue for Nietzsche, whose main interest is in the nature of morality's sanctions in general. The problem is that religion provides an ultimate sanction for your actions. Hume makes no attempt to connect morals with religion, no doubt because he saw that morals cannot be grounded on any form of authority, however powerful, though religious belief may operate as a sanction through its effect on the passions. Community pressure remains in practice the only real sanction for enforcing compliance with arbitral awards, or with judgments of the ICJ or other international tribunals. 2mass noun Official permission or approval for an action. （官方对某一行为的）认可，准许；批准 he appealed to the bishop for his sanction 他请求主教批准。 Example sentencesExamples In Newcastle, doctors sought legal sanction to treat a baby with a severe facial deformity against the wishes of her parents. It has now sought sanction for running a coffee/tea vending outlet within the hospital to generate some revenue. The museum, which is situated on the Rathangan / Allenwood road, is owned by Teagasc who are awaiting government sanction to sell the property. The ancients also used oracles to obtain sanction or approval, even though they had already decided on their course of action. Despite the problems the book had initially faced in finding a publisher in China - purportedly for its political overtones - it had finally received official sanction. Planning had been got and sanction for funding the housing element of the project had just been announced by the Dept of the Environment. They have to seek budgetary sanction of fund according to the requirement of this class I institution of the country contracting the higher ups in power. With sanction being sought from the Irish Congress of Trade Unions for an all-out picket, the LRC has again stepped in to mediate in the dispute. The Siptu national industrial secretary yesterday said the union had already secured sanction from its members for industrial action from tomorrow. Her mother had sought court sanction for the operation to stop her daughter's periods and prevent her from getting pregnant. The municipal authorities should not give sanction for construction of houses, with more than 1,000 sq. ft. floor area, without a RWH structure. However, the travellers who have caravans parked there have been given official sanction of sorts by being allowed to purchase annual residents parking permits from the Borough Council. Other grants applied for are awaiting sanction. They have urged Laois County Council to seek the immediate sanction of the National Roads Authority for the re-commencement of road words at Park, Stradbally. Sligo County Council still await sanction from the Dept. of the Environment to upgrade the Tubbercurry sewerage treatment facilities. It should be noted that neither Students for Life nor Muslim Students for Universal Justice, have, to my knowledge, demanded approval or official sanction for their principles. The sanction of the proposed union by official state-appointed authorities is still a prominent feature of marriages. He gives sanction to his 10,000 figure by saying it might underestimate the annual trafficking in sex slaves. Montréal 2006 says the Games will go on with or without FGG sanction, who in turn say they will move the official Games to Atlanta. A Teagasc spokesman said its board had sanctioned a proposed increase in fees but this requires ministerial sanction, which is in the process of being sought. Synonyms authorization, consent, leave, permission, authority, warrant, licence, dispensation, assent, acquiescence, agreement, approval, seal/stamp of approval, approbation, recognition, endorsement, accreditation, confirmation, ratification, validation, blessing, imprimatur, clearance, acceptance, allowance informal the go-ahead, the thumbs up, the OK, the green light, say-so rare permit 2.1 Official confirmation or ratification of a law. （对法律的）正式认可；批准 Example sentencesExamples In the case of the South Australian Tribunal, my understanding, your Honour, is that it does not have a power to impose any direct sanction. If it does not, then it is for Parliament, if it thinks fit, to provide the necessary sanction by providing a public law remedy linked directly to the protection of public rights. But the Directive leaves open the powers to the prosecution and sanction to the interpretation of individual states. The Plan sanction should have been approved by the BDA. In thus reifying as law what had been done in practice, the Court gave legal sanction to further transgressions against the remaining Native American communities. The overarching discretion of the trial judge to take into account the particular circumstances of the offender is essential to the imposition of a fair and just sanction. Synonyms support, backing, approval, seal of approval, agreement, acceptance, recommendation, advocacy, championship, patronage 2.2Law historical count noun A law or decree, especially an ecclesiastical decree. 〔律〕〈史〉（尤指基督教会的）法令，法律 Example sentencesExamples That is to say, the common perception is that the validity of religious laws is ensured by divine sanction, while the utility of customary laws is assumed to have been proven through long experience. It was an ecclesiastical sanction that had the effect of closing churches and suspending religious services. verb ˈsaŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n [with object] 1Give official permission or approval for (an action) （官方对某一行为的）认可，准许；批准 the scheme was sanctioned by the court Example sentencesExamples It was during the first stage that the regime discovered that it could not officially sanction any one style or movement. That's a separate question from the issue of whether or not government should sanction, or approve or give some sort of authorization, if you will, to these relationships. It must be noted that these drugs have been sanctioned and approved by the Food and Drugs Administration of the US. Upon arrival I was directed to an office and urged to buy an entrance ticket, a new scheme sanctioned by the county government to aid maintenance. Britain has just become the first country to officially sanction genetic testing for insurance purposes. The Estate Office has a list of about 80 towers which were sanctioned and permission had been taken. Furthermore, the court may sanction treatment that will shorten the life of a terminally ill child, in order to relieve suffering. The claim comes on the back of revelations that the Orkney Flag cannot be sanctioned for official use in the county either because it has Irish links. Under his draft guidelines, schemes would be officially sanctioned. The issue of fairness, which remained, was for consideration at the hearing to sanction the scheme. Training will commence just as soon as the GAA Club has sanctioned permission, as the Ladies Club will need to use this pitch. That something belongs to tradition, or is sanctioned by authority, is no justification for its acceptance. The matters for consideration at this stage concern the jurisdiction of the court to sanction the scheme if it proceeds. After that, planning permission has to be sanctioned by the Town Council. Actually, that's not entirely true - there was a smoking area and a small bar, but neither was officially sanctioned. Monies and permission from all parties involved has been sanctioned. This principle usually gives a clear answer: doctors may be authorised by the court to treat a child if a parent refuses to sanction treatment that is clearly necessary for that child's welfare. The event is officially sanctioned by the Commonwealth Federation. Thus, disclosure of data may be sanctioned by a court order and is allowed where the data subject has consented to it. It has been officially sanctioned as the Beale Street Historic District. Synonyms authorize, consent to, permit, allow, give leave for, give permission for, warrant, accredit, license, give assent to, endorse, agree to, approve, accept, give one's blessing to, back, support informal give the thumbs up to, give the green light to, OK North American rare approbate 2Impose a sanction or penalty on. 对…实施制裁；对…处以惩罚 foreigners in France illegally should be sent home, their employers sanctioned and border controls tightened up Example sentencesExamples And right now that means confronting and sanctioning an out of control Israel. Governing bodies are allowed to sanction owners and teams. Moreover, the actions of individuals who repeat rather than question, watch out for, punish, and sanction transgressions, lend these norms their strength. They had to be punished or sanctioned, so this is the sanction that the judge came up with. As a result, more and more medical societies have begun to sanction members with penalties like suspension or revocation of their society membership. Synonyms punish, discipline someone for Derivatives sanctionable adjective BP is mulling a petrochemical project and is sinking money into a joint-venture lubrication oil plant, which is not sanctionable under ILSA. Example sentencesExamples Any transfer of lethal military equipment to state sponsors of terrorism is sanctionable under U.S. laws. USF now has set forth charges of sanctionable and criminal behavior against the tenured professor of computer science, against which he now must have the opportunity to defend himself in an appropriate and impartial forum. The view at Ciceroinian Review, on the other hand, is that her actions cannot be sanctionable without prohibiting any member of the bar from lobbying over judicial nominations. I can't say that voicing the opinion that the legal system is a dated anachronism is remotely close to sanctionable behavior. Origin Late Middle English (as a noun denoting an ecclesiastical decree): from French, from Latin sanctio(n-), from sancire 'ratify'. The verb dates from the late 18th century. Definition of sanction in US English: sanction nounˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nˈsaNG(k)SH(ə)n 1A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule. 处罚，制裁 a range of sanctions aimed at deterring insider abuse 旨在防止内部人员舞弊的一系列惩处。 Example sentencesExamples The imposition of such a sanction is punishment. It appears to consider internal policy only when parliamentary committees flag up press behaviour that is not to their liking and threaten sanctions. If we threaten them with economic sanctions then they're going to stop it. In such circumstances the sanction, or the threat of it, may not in practice be effective. Thirty-nine powerful pharmaceutical companies threatened legal sanctions, and the government of the United States censure. The AU was quick in its condemnation and has threatened sanctions against Togo unless it restores the status quo. It is a way of recovering penalties by a sanction which is the most serious one known to our law. He said he could not, and the Allies, attacking on the western front and encountering fierce opposition, started to threaten sanctions, which Russia could not afford. Both bars have also developed a set of sanctions for patrons who disobey the rules. Did we save lives (or improve the security of those whose lives were threatened) by imposing sanctions in the case of Bosnia? Those sorts of factors are, in my judgment, relevant when looking at sanctions after a penalty has been imposed. Only a specific statute that punishes all physical and emotional elder abuse will provide effective sanctions and deterrents for those who commit elder abuse. A further argument is that if he renounces before the harm is caused, this may show that the threat of the criminal sanction has had a deterrent effect. It has threatened financial sanctions against nations who do not comply with international money laundering rules. The sanctions behind some rules may be only indirect, but they are nevertheless important in understanding the legal framework in which health care operates. The only response from Washington has been to threaten economic sanctions. Similarly, unlike many of their continental European neighbours, the English clung to corporal punishment as a penal sanction until well into the twentieth century. His aggressive behaviour on remand had led to the imposition of disciplinary sanctions. In response, the EPA has threatened legal sanctions against the council. The White House is already threatening sanctions against Sudan if militia attacks in Darfur continue. Synonyms penalty, punishment, deterrent 1.1sanctions Measures taken by a nation to coerce another to conform to an international agreement or norms of conduct, typically in the form of restrictions on trade or on participation in official sporting events. （国家之间实施的）制裁 Example sentencesExamples The effectiveness of trade sanctions is questionable as they are easily circumvented. The Chinese, for their part, are not so economically potent that they can ignore the risk of incurring international trade sanctions. If the war ends soon and the trade sanctions are lifted, oil prices are likely to fall even further. It argues that imposing trade sanctions on developing countries without considering the causes of child labour and without back-up programmes cannot provide an effective solution. In the name of international labor standards, arbitrary and inflexible trade sanctions will be imposed on Third World countries. He will address questions about international law, economic sanctions and citizenship in light of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. The United Nations and European Union are opposed to trade sanctions against Burma. When Washington conceded last year that the ETI should be removed, the EU refrained from imposing trade sanctions. Snow also said trade sanctions against China now under debate in Congress could hurt U.S. businesses rather than help. The question arises whether the problem can be addressed indirectly through trade sanctions or restrictions to punish countries that refuse to improve environmental standards. The European Union is close to imposing $4 billion worth of trade sanctions on the U.S. for failure to remove tax subsidies to its exporters. The United States is bracing for $150 million in trade sanctions by the European Union, Japan and several other countries. Direct merchandise trade between the U.S. and Iran has declined significantly because of sanctions, but the trade impact has been limited. The United States responded by imposing trade sanctions. International aid was suspended and trade sanctions imposed, but negotiations failed. Trade sanctions provide a means of encouraging participation in agreements and penalizing signatories that step out of line. The Berlin Decrees of 1806 were the first in a series of sanctions against Britain's trade known collectively as the Continental System. Imposing trade sanctions, although officials admit that Iran-Canada trade may not be extensive enough to serve as much of a lever. The United Nations Security Council has the power to impose the ultimate penalty against States failing to conform to international legal obligations - sanctions. Legislation permitted magistrates to enforce employment agreements with penal sanctions in the form of imprisonment, fines, and physical punishment. 1.2Philosophy A consideration operating to enforce obedience to any rule of conduct. 〔伦理学〕约束力 Example sentencesExamples That, though a large factor in the moral bewilderment of the West, is a marginal issue for Nietzsche, whose main interest is in the nature of morality's sanctions in general. The problem is that religion provides an ultimate sanction for your actions. And it claims that the conditions under which moral sanctions should be applied are determined by rules justified by their consequences. Hume makes no attempt to connect morals with religion, no doubt because he saw that morals cannot be grounded on any form of authority, however powerful, though religious belief may operate as a sanction through its effect on the passions. Community pressure remains in practice the only real sanction for enforcing compliance with arbitral awards, or with judgments of the ICJ or other international tribunals. 2Official permission or approval for an action. （官方对某一行为的）认可，准许；批准 he appealed to the bishop for his sanction 他请求主教批准。 Example sentencesExamples Montréal 2006 says the Games will go on with or without FGG sanction, who in turn say they will move the official Games to Atlanta. Planning had been got and sanction for funding the housing element of the project had just been announced by the Dept of the Environment. Despite the problems the book had initially faced in finding a publisher in China - purportedly for its political overtones - it had finally received official sanction. However, the travellers who have caravans parked there have been given official sanction of sorts by being allowed to purchase annual residents parking permits from the Borough Council. He gives sanction to his 10,000 figure by saying it might underestimate the annual trafficking in sex slaves. Her mother had sought court sanction for the operation to stop her daughter's periods and prevent her from getting pregnant. They have to seek budgetary sanction of fund according to the requirement of this class I institution of the country contracting the higher ups in power. The ancients also used oracles to obtain sanction or approval, even though they had already decided on their course of action. With sanction being sought from the Irish Congress of Trade Unions for an all-out picket, the LRC has again stepped in to mediate in the dispute. The Siptu national industrial secretary yesterday said the union had already secured sanction from its members for industrial action from tomorrow. The museum, which is situated on the Rathangan / Allenwood road, is owned by Teagasc who are awaiting government sanction to sell the property. It has now sought sanction for running a coffee/tea vending outlet within the hospital to generate some revenue. A Teagasc spokesman said its board had sanctioned a proposed increase in fees but this requires ministerial sanction, which is in the process of being sought. It should be noted that neither Students for Life nor Muslim Students for Universal Justice, have, to my knowledge, demanded approval or official sanction for their principles. In Newcastle, doctors sought legal sanction to treat a baby with a severe facial deformity against the wishes of her parents. The municipal authorities should not give sanction for construction of houses, with more than 1,000 sq. ft. floor area, without a RWH structure. Other grants applied for are awaiting sanction. The sanction of the proposed union by official state-appointed authorities is still a prominent feature of marriages. They have urged Laois County Council to seek the immediate sanction of the National Roads Authority for the re-commencement of road words at Park, Stradbally. Sligo County Council still await sanction from the Dept. of the Environment to upgrade the Tubbercurry sewerage treatment facilities. Synonyms authorization, consent, leave, permission, authority, warrant, licence, dispensation, assent, acquiescence, agreement, approval, seal of approval, stamp of approval, approbation, recognition, endorsement, accreditation, confirmation, ratification, validation, blessing, imprimatur, clearance, acceptance, allowance 2.1 Official confirmation or ratification of a law. （对法律的）正式认可；批准 Example sentencesExamples In thus reifying as law what had been done in practice, the Court gave legal sanction to further transgressions against the remaining Native American communities. The Plan sanction should have been approved by the BDA. But the Directive leaves open the powers to the prosecution and sanction to the interpretation of individual states. The overarching discretion of the trial judge to take into account the particular circumstances of the offender is essential to the imposition of a fair and just sanction. In the case of the South Australian Tribunal, my understanding, your Honour, is that it does not have a power to impose any direct sanction. If it does not, then it is for Parliament, if it thinks fit, to provide the necessary sanction by providing a public law remedy linked directly to the protection of public rights. Synonyms support, backing, approval, seal of approval, agreement, acceptance, recommendation, advocacy, championship, patronage 2.2Law historical A law or decree, especially an ecclesiastical decree. 〔律〕〈史〉（尤指基督教会的）法令，法律 Example sentencesExamples That is to say, the common perception is that the validity of religious laws is ensured by divine sanction, while the utility of customary laws is assumed to have been proven through long experience. It was an ecclesiastical sanction that had the effect of closing churches and suspending religious services. verbˈsæŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nˈsaNG(k)SH(ə)n [with object] 1Give official permission or approval for (an action) （官方对某一行为的）认可，准许；批准 only two treatments have been sanctioned by the Food and Drug Administration Example sentencesExamples After that, planning permission has to be sanctioned by the Town Council. That something belongs to tradition, or is sanctioned by authority, is no justification for its acceptance. Actually, that's not entirely true - there was a smoking area and a small bar, but neither was officially sanctioned. That's a separate question from the issue of whether or not government should sanction, or approve or give some sort of authorization, if you will, to these relationships. This principle usually gives a clear answer: doctors may be authorised by the court to treat a child if a parent refuses to sanction treatment that is clearly necessary for that child's welfare. Britain has just become the first country to officially sanction genetic testing for insurance purposes. Under his draft guidelines, schemes would be officially sanctioned. Monies and permission from all parties involved has been sanctioned. The matters for consideration at this stage concern the jurisdiction of the court to sanction the scheme if it proceeds. Thus, disclosure of data may be sanctioned by a court order and is allowed where the data subject has consented to it. Furthermore, the court may sanction treatment that will shorten the life of a terminally ill child, in order to relieve suffering. The event is officially sanctioned by the Commonwealth Federation. The claim comes on the back of revelations that the Orkney Flag cannot be sanctioned for official use in the county either because it has Irish links. It was during the first stage that the regime discovered that it could not officially sanction any one style or movement. It must be noted that these drugs have been sanctioned and approved by the Food and Drugs Administration of the US. The Estate Office has a list of about 80 towers which were sanctioned and permission had been taken. Upon arrival I was directed to an office and urged to buy an entrance ticket, a new scheme sanctioned by the county government to aid maintenance. The issue of fairness, which remained, was for consideration at the hearing to sanction the scheme. Training will commence just as soon as the GAA Club has sanctioned permission, as the Ladies Club will need to use this pitch. It has been officially sanctioned as the Beale Street Historic District. Synonyms authorize, consent to, permit, allow, give leave for, give permission for, warrant, accredit, license, give assent to, endorse, agree to, approve, accept, give one's blessing to, back, support 2Impose a sanction or penalty on. 对…实施制裁；对…处以惩罚 Example sentencesExamples Moreover, the actions of individuals who repeat rather than question, watch out for, punish, and sanction transgressions, lend these norms their strength. Governing bodies are allowed to sanction owners and teams. And right now that means confronting and sanctioning an out of control Israel. They had to be punished or sanctioned, so this is the sanction that the judge came up with. As a result, more and more medical societies have begun to sanction members with penalties like suspension or revocation of their society membership. Synonyms punish, discipline someone for Usage Sanction is confusing because it has two meanings that are almost opposite. In most domestic contexts, sanction means ‘approval, permission’: voters gave the measure their sanction. In foreign affairs, sanction means ‘penalty, deterrent’: international sanctions against the republic go into effect in January Origin Late Middle English (as a noun denoting an ecclesiastical decree): from French, from Latin sanctio(n-), from sancire ‘ratify’. The verb dates from the late 18th century.
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