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词汇 ration
释义

Definition of ration in English:

ration

noun ˈraʃ(ə)n
  • 1A fixed amount of a commodity officially allowed to each person during a time of shortage, as in wartime.

    (战争等供应短缺时期政府给予的)配给量,定量

    1947 saw the bread ration reduced

    1947年面包配给量曾两度下调。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • He urged processors to bring in a subsidy on ration to help farmers' meet extra feed costs.
    • Although even those sacred cows have had their hay ration reduced in the last few years.
    • All milking females are fed the same ration and no allowances is made for stage of lactation.
    • Back in the barracks, Ivan Denisovich hides a portion of his bread ration inside his mattress.
    • Petrol was scarce in the world let alone Ireland and was available on ration for essential services such as fire, ambulance, police, taxi and doctors.
    • Slave families typically received a scant weekly ration of cornmeal and fatty pork.
    • He bursts into laughter as he recalls the time a soldier from Liverpool accidentally dropped his bread ration into the soup.
    • The food ration is enclosed in yellow plastic bags.
    • Sweets had gone on ration in 1939, along with sugar and most other food and clothing items.
    • For example, it significantly reduced ration and fuel costs through consolidated contracting and distribution.
    • Ivan Denisovich eats the half ration of bread he brought with him.
    • The first type, people come once a week, are weighed and measured, and receive their weekly ration.
    • Food, previously supplied on ration, is scarce and expensive.
    • Cows are fed a total mixed ration and those yielding over 25 litres are fed concentrates in the parlour.
    • They came out dry and floury, like something one would expect from a wartime ration.
    • For example a 1,200-pound mature horse at maintenance may need the total ration to supply 1.5 to 1.75 pounds of protein per day to meet these needs.
    • So the refugees are having to swap some of their meager food ration for other vital supplies that they are not given.
    • While they wait for the train, the prisoners eat their meager ration of bread.
    • Two pounds of food a day was their ration, including ‘meat fibre mixed with fat’.
    • We allowed the staff to use the card to buy the ration for themselves.
    Synonyms
    allowance, allocation, quota, fixed amount, amount, quantity, share, portion, helping, allotment, measure, part, lot, proportion, percentage
    rare apportionment, quantum, moiety
    1. 1.1rations An amount of food supplied on a regular basis, especially to members of the armed forces during a war.
      (尤指战争时期配发给军人的)口粮;给养
      British rations were highly prized by American soldiers
      refugees queued for their meagre rations
      Example sentencesExamples
      • They get a government grant of $17 per adult and rations of rice and wheat flour.
      • We had a few day's rations left, if we were careful.
      • Residents lived on meagre rations and in squalor, suffering epidemics of leprosy and other contagious diseases.
      • He continues to visit, bringing with him extra rations of bread for Elie.
      • The food was tinned military rations, tuna or bully beef.
      • A much larger problem is the army rations that make up the rest of my diet.
      • Only three days' rations remained: time and options were running out.
      • Some purchased food and distributed it in regular rations.
      • All government employees were supplied with food rations, which they kept in their living quarters.
      • So as the forces move forward, they have already distributed 300,000 humanitarian rations.
      • Unable to supplement their meager rations via hoarding or purchases on the public black markets, inmates soon deteriorated.
      • Our food supply is running low so rations have nearly been cut in half.
      • The husband cut his own rations, feeding his share to his son.
      • The tinned food they had in their army rations has apparently run out.
      • They will be given basic daily food rations, but few luxuries.
      • The arrival of our daily food rations was an event largely ignored.
      • The authors find this ‘surprising’ given that fully 96 percent of the population receive regular food rations.
      • Forced labour and starvation rations ensure that prisoners are too weak to rebel.
      • Heads of families collecting the monthly rations have been asked to check the details of their households.
      Synonyms
      supplies, provisions, food, food and drink, foodstuffs, eatables, edibles
      necessaries, necessities, stores
      Scottish vivers
      informal grub, eats
      North American informal chuck
      archaic victuals, vittles, viands, meat, commons
      rare comestibles, provender, aliment, viaticum
    2. 1.2rations Food; provisions.
      口粮;供应品
      their emergency rations ran out

      他们的应急物品用完了。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The end pockets of my bag are packed full of biscuits - my staple rations for the far east.
      • As you know, the coalition countries have been air dropping daily humanitarian rations for you.
      • By contrast, the commissary officer has been responsible for the provision of rations alone.
      • Although its taste is barely acceptable these meager rations were all the station dared supply.
      • They are completely dependent on the meagre rations provided by the Colombo government.
      • Sixty percent of the population depends totally on food rations from the UN oil for food programme for basic nutrition.
      • In 1926 Bruce Chapman, a cameleer and station hand, had a large supply of rations pilfered at Mount Peake.
      • Emergency rations are always carried on board the Soyuz, so we made our lunch from these.
      • Zephyr sighed and took some of the rations and began nibbling on them.
      • Likewise, feedlot operators will be able to feed rations matched to an animal's economic promise.
      • Supplies were limited and fresh food rations were rare.
      • Kanimbla also provided support to landbased personnel through the provision of fresh rations and a laundry service.
      • First, the impact of the sanctions on the population tend to make the latter even more dependent on the government than before, mainly for provision of the basic rations needed for survival.
      • Afterward, I drank whisky with my friends, nibbled at the unappetizing rations, and smoked and smoked.
      • These food rations act as an incentive for income transfer among community members.
      Synonyms
      nourishment, sustenance, nutriment, subsistence, fare, bread, daily bread
    3. 1.3 A fixed amount of a particular thing.
      〈喻〉(东西的)一定数量
      holidaymakers who like a generous ration of activity

      喜欢大量活动的度假者。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • In fact, we've had a good ration of bright sunny days.
      • Just as well Harry and Dolly don't mind an extra ration of snoring.
      • Not everyone who reads an online journal wants to sit back while photos download, and a fair proportion of people have little interest in the pictures at all, preferring to have a decent ration of reading served up every day.
      • There's a crunchy ration of grit tracked in to the hall and kitchen now, joining with the Dolly-fluff to show just how very bad I am at routine vacuuming.
      • A more lively character would be hard to meet and, once again, on her brief visit to Ireland, Stephanie insisted on her ration of set dancing!
      • He states that with a ration of only two ballpoint pens each month he ‘made art’ with the ‘most banal’ of instruments.
      • For instance, at Kyoto the USA cut a deal of dubious morality, politely called ‘emission trading’, to buy from Third World countries their unused ration of pollution.
      • Cold showers, self-denial and a daily ration of physical discomfort were de rigueur and considered character forming.
      • All I needed now was a succession of day-return rail tickets and a comfortable ration of rest days.
      • Meanwhile the only advice it could give people was to carry on as normal - although it looks more important than ever to eat a fair ration of raw fruit and vegetables.
      • The return to Greenwich Mean Time means more light in the morning, when farmers are up and about, but less in the evening, when most of us get our ration of daylight.
      • But just because I don't want to deal with the blood and tears doesn't mean I shouldn't deal with them, and last night I was caught off guard and absorbed a large ration of both.
      • We have already had a good ration of shocks or surprises in this year's Championship and you can be certain we'll have some more.
      • Where latitude does have an important influence on the resultant wine is in the annual ration of sunlight, vital for photosynthesis, but often overlooked by those preoccupied by temperature.
      • Harry Cat thinks it's great of course, giving him more than double his ration of snuggle time and, so far as Harry Cat is concerned, you can't spend too much time snuggling up over winter.
      • I think it's worth the cost because its filters have returned a ration of sanity to my mail management.
      • Smith went through his ration of nine overs in one go for 2-29, his second success being with the assistance of a splendid low catch on the boundary by Dave Ellis.
      • They were fed on a simple ration of barley, sugar beet pulp, soya and minerals.
      • However, we couldn't stay long as Mrs Mungo gulped down her ration of six dry sherries far too quickly.
      • He remembers his shock in the infant class when he was expected to work with the tiniest ration of clay he had ever seen.
verb ˈraʃ(ə)n
[with object]
  • 1Allow each person to have only a fixed amount of (a commodity)

    配给供应,定量供应

    petrol was so strictly rationed that bikes were always in demand

    汽油供应严格定量,自行车因此总是供不应求。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Electricity supplies were rationed because of frozen coal stocks, difficulties on the roads and labour unrest.
    • The continuation of war-time rationing squeezed living standards, while exports were increased.
    • Carefully we rationed out about 13 milliliters each and then made a small toast for Christmas.
    • The summer itself was the driest since 1995, the year of water rationing.
    • Instead of being a right, walking has become a privilege to be carefully rationed.
    • The patient's physician did not want to be the one to ration resources at the bedside.
    • In the case of the Working for Families package, the government is giving us back rationed amounts of our own money.
    • Elective services are being severely rationed around the country - with no debate.
    • "We need to ration health resources, " she said.
    • But native Canadians still resent that their rights are rationed out by Parliament.
    • Maybe it stems from my experiences in secondary education when all writing materials were strictly rationed.
    • You could ration care, and only pay for a limited number of services.
    • Waiting for services becomes the only way to ration the supply.
    • Currently, the US is rationing the supply of flu vaccine to the most at risk.
    • He sent him to Bombay to arrange for the release of the strictly rationed newsprint.
    • Brigid didn't understand it all, but because of some health problem Bob was strictly rationed with his daily input of liquid.
    • Herring was one of the few foods that were not rationed during the war.
    • Petrol rationing during the war slowed this trend.
    • The solution, according to my vet, is carefully rationing her food.
    • Congestion charges are intended to ration a congested resource to those who value it the most.
    Synonyms
    control, limit (to a fixed amount), restrict (the consumption of), conserve, budget
    distribute, share out, measure out, divide out/up, apportion, give out, deal out, issue, allocate, allot, dispense, hand out, pass out, dole out, parcel out
    rare admeasure
    1. 1.1ration someone to Allow someone to have only (a fixed amount of a commodity)
      配给供应,定量供应
      the population was rationed to four litres of water per person per day

      民众每人每天配给四升水。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The ends, along with tackles, rationed Auburn to 43 yards rushing on 36 carries in USC's 23-0 win.
      • He also remembers devastating droughts, when ‘we were rationed to 10 gallons a day.’
      • Beer is rationed to the slaves building the Egyptian pyramids.
      • Swashbuckling forward play which illuminated the gloomy wasteland of the National League has been rationed to tantalising glimpses.
      • While people trapped in the Convention Center had no water and those in the Superdome were rationed to a pint a day, the USS Bataan waited for federal orders just offshore.
      • Tech came after Weinke hard with a variety of blitzes that resulted in four sacks and rationed Florida State to 30 yards rushing.
      • Our old landlord rationed us to two picture-hooks, and in the main room only.

Phrases

  • come up (or be given) with the rations

    • military slang (of a medal) be awarded automatically and without regard to merit.

      〈军俚〉(勋章)按人颁发(并非根据论功行赏原则授予)

      the British Military Cross didn't come up with the rations
      Example sentencesExamples
      • All of them were earned the hard way; none of them came up with the rations.

Origin

Early 18th century: from French, from Latin ratio(n-) 'reckoning, ratio'.

  • The words ratio [M16], ration, and rational (Late Middle English) all come from the Latin root, ratio ‘reckoning, reason’. The use of ration for ‘a fixed allowance’ became particularly associated with official control of scarce food supplies, or rationing, at the time of the First World War. Before that it was used in the armed forces for a soldier's daily share of the provisions.

Rhymes

ashen, fashion, passion

Definition of ration in US English:

ration

noun
  • 1A fixed amount of a commodity officially allowed to each person during a time of shortage, as in wartime.

    (战争等供应短缺时期政府给予的)配给量,定量

    1918 saw the bread ration reduced on two occasions

    1947年面包配给量曾两度下调。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The first type, people come once a week, are weighed and measured, and receive their weekly ration.
    • For example a 1,200-pound mature horse at maintenance may need the total ration to supply 1.5 to 1.75 pounds of protein per day to meet these needs.
    • Food, previously supplied on ration, is scarce and expensive.
    • They came out dry and floury, like something one would expect from a wartime ration.
    • Sweets had gone on ration in 1939, along with sugar and most other food and clothing items.
    • Back in the barracks, Ivan Denisovich hides a portion of his bread ration inside his mattress.
    • So the refugees are having to swap some of their meager food ration for other vital supplies that they are not given.
    • We allowed the staff to use the card to buy the ration for themselves.
    • Two pounds of food a day was their ration, including ‘meat fibre mixed with fat’.
    • Ivan Denisovich eats the half ration of bread he brought with him.
    • Slave families typically received a scant weekly ration of cornmeal and fatty pork.
    • While they wait for the train, the prisoners eat their meager ration of bread.
    • The food ration is enclosed in yellow plastic bags.
    • All milking females are fed the same ration and no allowances is made for stage of lactation.
    • Cows are fed a total mixed ration and those yielding over 25 litres are fed concentrates in the parlour.
    • Although even those sacred cows have had their hay ration reduced in the last few years.
    • He urged processors to bring in a subsidy on ration to help farmers' meet extra feed costs.
    • He bursts into laughter as he recalls the time a soldier from Liverpool accidentally dropped his bread ration into the soup.
    • Petrol was scarce in the world let alone Ireland and was available on ration for essential services such as fire, ambulance, police, taxi and doctors.
    • For example, it significantly reduced ration and fuel costs through consolidated contracting and distribution.
    Synonyms
    allowance, allocation, quota, fixed amount, amount, quantity, share, portion, helping, allotment, measure, part, lot, proportion, percentage
    1. 1.1usually rations An amount of food supplied on a regular basis, especially to members of the armed forces during a war.
      (尤指战争时期配发给军人的)口粮;给养
      Example sentencesExamples
      • They get a government grant of $17 per adult and rations of rice and wheat flour.
      • So as the forces move forward, they have already distributed 300,000 humanitarian rations.
      • The husband cut his own rations, feeding his share to his son.
      • All government employees were supplied with food rations, which they kept in their living quarters.
      • A much larger problem is the army rations that make up the rest of my diet.
      • The arrival of our daily food rations was an event largely ignored.
      • They will be given basic daily food rations, but few luxuries.
      • Heads of families collecting the monthly rations have been asked to check the details of their households.
      • We had a few day's rations left, if we were careful.
      • Forced labour and starvation rations ensure that prisoners are too weak to rebel.
      • Residents lived on meagre rations and in squalor, suffering epidemics of leprosy and other contagious diseases.
      • The food was tinned military rations, tuna or bully beef.
      • He continues to visit, bringing with him extra rations of bread for Elie.
      • Unable to supplement their meager rations via hoarding or purchases on the public black markets, inmates soon deteriorated.
      • The tinned food they had in their army rations has apparently run out.
      • Some purchased food and distributed it in regular rations.
      • Our food supply is running low so rations have nearly been cut in half.
      • Only three days' rations remained: time and options were running out.
      • The authors find this ‘surprising’ given that fully 96 percent of the population receive regular food rations.
      Synonyms
      supplies, provisions, food, food and drink, foodstuffs, eatables, edibles
    2. 1.2rations Food; provisions.
      口粮;供应品
      their emergency rations ran out

      他们的应急物品用完了。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Afterward, I drank whisky with my friends, nibbled at the unappetizing rations, and smoked and smoked.
      • Kanimbla also provided support to landbased personnel through the provision of fresh rations and a laundry service.
      • The end pockets of my bag are packed full of biscuits - my staple rations for the far east.
      • By contrast, the commissary officer has been responsible for the provision of rations alone.
      • Emergency rations are always carried on board the Soyuz, so we made our lunch from these.
      • These food rations act as an incentive for income transfer among community members.
      • As you know, the coalition countries have been air dropping daily humanitarian rations for you.
      • Zephyr sighed and took some of the rations and began nibbling on them.
      • Sixty percent of the population depends totally on food rations from the UN oil for food programme for basic nutrition.
      • They are completely dependent on the meagre rations provided by the Colombo government.
      • Likewise, feedlot operators will be able to feed rations matched to an animal's economic promise.
      • Although its taste is barely acceptable these meager rations were all the station dared supply.
      • In 1926 Bruce Chapman, a cameleer and station hand, had a large supply of rations pilfered at Mount Peake.
      • First, the impact of the sanctions on the population tend to make the latter even more dependent on the government than before, mainly for provision of the basic rations needed for survival.
      • Supplies were limited and fresh food rations were rare.
      Synonyms
      nourishment, sustenance, nutriment, subsistence, fare, bread, daily bread
    3. 1.3 A fixed amount of a particular thing.
      〈喻〉(东西的)一定数量
      their daily ration of fresh air
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Smith went through his ration of nine overs in one go for 2-29, his second success being with the assistance of a splendid low catch on the boundary by Dave Ellis.
      • I think it's worth the cost because its filters have returned a ration of sanity to my mail management.
      • In fact, we've had a good ration of bright sunny days.
      • They were fed on a simple ration of barley, sugar beet pulp, soya and minerals.
      • All I needed now was a succession of day-return rail tickets and a comfortable ration of rest days.
      • The return to Greenwich Mean Time means more light in the morning, when farmers are up and about, but less in the evening, when most of us get our ration of daylight.
      • He remembers his shock in the infant class when he was expected to work with the tiniest ration of clay he had ever seen.
      • We have already had a good ration of shocks or surprises in this year's Championship and you can be certain we'll have some more.
      • Not everyone who reads an online journal wants to sit back while photos download, and a fair proportion of people have little interest in the pictures at all, preferring to have a decent ration of reading served up every day.
      • Meanwhile the only advice it could give people was to carry on as normal - although it looks more important than ever to eat a fair ration of raw fruit and vegetables.
      • Where latitude does have an important influence on the resultant wine is in the annual ration of sunlight, vital for photosynthesis, but often overlooked by those preoccupied by temperature.
      • Harry Cat thinks it's great of course, giving him more than double his ration of snuggle time and, so far as Harry Cat is concerned, you can't spend too much time snuggling up over winter.
      • Cold showers, self-denial and a daily ration of physical discomfort were de rigueur and considered character forming.
      • He states that with a ration of only two ballpoint pens each month he ‘made art’ with the ‘most banal’ of instruments.
      • A more lively character would be hard to meet and, once again, on her brief visit to Ireland, Stephanie insisted on her ration of set dancing!
      • Just as well Harry and Dolly don't mind an extra ration of snoring.
      • For instance, at Kyoto the USA cut a deal of dubious morality, politely called ‘emission trading’, to buy from Third World countries their unused ration of pollution.
      • However, we couldn't stay long as Mrs Mungo gulped down her ration of six dry sherries far too quickly.
      • There's a crunchy ration of grit tracked in to the hall and kitchen now, joining with the Dolly-fluff to show just how very bad I am at routine vacuuming.
      • But just because I don't want to deal with the blood and tears doesn't mean I shouldn't deal with them, and last night I was caught off guard and absorbed a large ration of both.
verb
[with object]usually be rationed
  • 1Allow each person to have only a fixed amount of (a particular commodity)

    配给供应,定量供应

    shoes were rationed from 1943
    Example sentencesExamples
    • The patient's physician did not want to be the one to ration resources at the bedside.
    • Herring was one of the few foods that were not rationed during the war.
    • Petrol rationing during the war slowed this trend.
    • Waiting for services becomes the only way to ration the supply.
    • Currently, the US is rationing the supply of flu vaccine to the most at risk.
    • In the case of the Working for Families package, the government is giving us back rationed amounts of our own money.
    • But native Canadians still resent that their rights are rationed out by Parliament.
    • Maybe it stems from my experiences in secondary education when all writing materials were strictly rationed.
    • You could ration care, and only pay for a limited number of services.
    • Brigid didn't understand it all, but because of some health problem Bob was strictly rationed with his daily input of liquid.
    • The solution, according to my vet, is carefully rationing her food.
    • "We need to ration health resources, " she said.
    • The continuation of war-time rationing squeezed living standards, while exports were increased.
    • Instead of being a right, walking has become a privilege to be carefully rationed.
    • Elective services are being severely rationed around the country - with no debate.
    • He sent him to Bombay to arrange for the release of the strictly rationed newsprint.
    • Electricity supplies were rationed because of frozen coal stocks, difficulties on the roads and labour unrest.
    • Carefully we rationed out about 13 milliliters each and then made a small toast for Christmas.
    • The summer itself was the driest since 1995, the year of water rationing.
    • Congestion charges are intended to ration a congested resource to those who value it the most.
    Synonyms
    control, limit, limit to a fixed amount, restrict, restrict the consumption of, conserve, budget
    distribute, share out, measure out, divide out, divide up, apportion, give out, deal out, issue, allocate, allot, dispense, hand out, pass out, dole out, parcel out
    1. 1.1ration someone to Allow someone to have only (a fixed amount of a certain commodity)
      配给供应,定量供应
      they were requested to ration themselves to one glass of wine each
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Beer is rationed to the slaves building the Egyptian pyramids.
      • Swashbuckling forward play which illuminated the gloomy wasteland of the National League has been rationed to tantalising glimpses.
      • The ends, along with tackles, rationed Auburn to 43 yards rushing on 36 carries in USC's 23-0 win.
      • While people trapped in the Convention Center had no water and those in the Superdome were rationed to a pint a day, the USS Bataan waited for federal orders just offshore.
      • Our old landlord rationed us to two picture-hooks, and in the main room only.
      • Tech came after Weinke hard with a variety of blitzes that resulted in four sacks and rationed Florida State to 30 yards rushing.
      • He also remembers devastating droughts, when ‘we were rationed to 10 gallons a day.’

Origin

Early 18th century: from French, from Latin ratio(n-) ‘reckoning, ratio’.

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