Definition of raw in English:

raw

adjective rɔːrɔ

1(of food) not cooked.
（食物）生的，未经烹煮的
raw eggs
生蛋。
salsify can be eaten raw in salads
婆罗门参可以凉拌着吃或煮熟了吃。
Example sentencesExamples
- She stood there in flip-flops and an orange silk blouse, cooking soy-sauced strips of raw beef.
- Both dishes were marvellous; fine raw ingredients cooked to juicy, succulent perfection and allowed to stand for themselves without the need for endless sauces and marinades.
- He's thinking about opening another shop, and perhaps a restaurant where you could choose your slab of raw meat for cooking.
- Joey had bought a packet of sausages for them, at the greengrocer's nearby, and together they cooked the raw meat over the fire.
- Do not eat foods with raw or undercooked eggs, such as Caesar salad and raw cookie dough, or drink eggnog.
- To avoid illness, travellers are advised not to eat shellfish or raw foods such as salad that have been washed in unboiled or unclean water.
- Our mothers cooked real food from raw ingredients, making magical meals out of very little.
- Avoid uncooked food, such as raw fruits and vegetables, instead sticking to cooked veggies and meats.
- Eating diets that consist of only raw, uncooked foods is a small but influential trend.
- Eat only cooked foods and not raw, which are harder to digest.
- Pregnant women should avoid foods made with raw or partially cooked eggs, like egg nog and hollandaise sauce.
- Fresh raw beans have a crunchy sweetness; when cooked, they are rich and creamy.
- Hands should also be washed frequently while preparing foods, especially between handling raw and cooked food.
- Perishable food, such as raw or cooked meat and poultry, must be kept cold or frozen at the store and at home.
- Keep the kitchen clean, especially when preparing raw meat, eggs, and poultry.
- Place cooked meats and raw items for the barbecue, as well as items more likely to be used last, on the bottom of the cooler close to the cooling source.
- Avoid fruit juices, raw vegetables, salads, and any raw or undercooked eggs, meat, and seafood.
- When raw meat is cooked, the outside turns brown and the brown colour gradually spreads inwards.
- Don't use raw eggs in food that will not be cooked, such as chocolate mousse or homemade mayonnaise.
- Keep raw and cooked foods separate and use different plates and utensils for them.
Synonyms
uncooked, fresh
underdone
1. 1.1 (of a material or substance) in its natural state; unprocessed.
  （材料，物质）自然状态的，原料状态的；未加工的，未经处理的；未经净化的
  raw silk
  生丝。
  raw sewage
  未经处理的污水。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The London Assembly has launched an investigation into why 600,000 tonnes of raw sewage was pumped into the Thames last month, killing thousands of fish.
  Usually the water mixes with the raw sewage, clogging up the drainage system.
  I found a pink raw silk jacket with covered buttons, a soft leopard vest and a cream wool shell covered with opalescent sequins and beads.
  There were urban myths of two-headed, glow-in-the-dark fish, but even the added presence of raw sewage in our local harbour was not enough to deter us from swimming and fishing there.
  There'll always be a huge demand here for raw wool from Australia, provided we can keep the spindles here spinning wool and keep them away from spinning synthetics.
  The bride, given in matrimony by her father Tom, looked very elegant in a gown of white raw silk, perfectly adorned with diamanté stones and full length train.
  The bride looked stunning in an ivory and gold raw silk dress of Irish design and carried a bouquet of delicate cream roses.
  The bride, given in marriage by her father Frank, looked radiant in an ivory raw silk dress with diamanté detail and long train.
  One thing you should remember - unless you have gone rustic and want to play with stone and raw wood - building materials come in standard sizes.
  Similar in texture and appearance to paint, these materials can be applied to almost any building material, including raw wood, drywall and steel.
  Large shipments of raw silk, tea, and coffee, as well as the traditional pepper and spices, also came from Asia.
  Synonyms
  unprocessed, untreated, unrefined, crude, natural, unmilled, unprepared, unfinished
  green
2. 1.2 (of data) not analysed, evaluated, or processed for use.
  （信息）未经分析的；未经评价的；未经处理的；原始的，第一手的
  there were a number of errors in the raw data
  原始数据中存在若干误差。
  Example sentencesExamples
  I therefore wrote to a large range of other users of the questionnaire and asked for copies of their raw data so that I could carry out the requisite analyses myself.
  Sometimes it is justifiable to go beyond raw statistics.
  The raw data is then processed through layers of neurons.
  I'm a bit cloudy on the dates, so I'll leave those out and just go with the raw facts.
  The results from analyses of the raw data are available upon request from the author.
  Here, we discuss some of more interesting preliminary findings garnered from a descriptive statistical analysis of the raw data.
  In some studies, new analyses were performed from raw data supplied by the principal investigators.
  Traditional empiricists thought that perception was a two-step process: raw perception and interpretation of it.
  Figure 4 summarizes the test system, which includes the data processing software to process the raw data.
  The unique relationship between analysis and raw information is essential to producing useful intelligence.
  The raw data are analysed by the team's DNA analysts, put into a proper format, and entered into the DNA databases.
  With so much raw data and so many things you can do with that data, coupled with a big random element, you are going to get lots of patterns.
  I wanted to get beyond the raw statistics, the charts and the predictions.
  Annotation is the process of converting raw DNA sequence data into biological knowledge.
  Besides presentation of the data in the form of diverse graphs, evaluation of the raw data is also possible.
  An article was judged as empirical if it manipulated some type of raw data in its analysis.
  The net result is that using statistical analysis on raw primary sequence data sometimes leads to rather unlikely results.
  All x-ray scans are raw data with no processing of any kind.
  Our raw web statistics show 3.5 million visits for March.
  The questionnaire and raw data are available on request.
2(of a part of the body) red and painful, especially as the result of skin abrasion.
（身体部位）（尤指因皮肤擦伤）发红而疼痛的
he scrubbed his hands until they were raw
他把手擦到又红又疼。
Example sentencesExamples
- He scrubbed his skin until it was raw and red, stopping to look down at a tattoo on his right upper arm.
- My hands still bleed if I move my fingers too quickly, but the doc says the raw skin and general tenderness will gradually go away.
- The wounds were still too raw and painful for the fragile bandages to be removed.
- ‘She hit me,’ he said, his voice subdued as he raised his hand up to his face, rubbing the raw skin.
- Annie removed the towel from his injury exposing the raw pink skin underneath.
- Gingerly flexing my wrists, I see the skin underneath is raw and blistered.
- Stiff muscles and raw skin make basic movements extremely difficult.
- Some grazes only take off the surface layer of skin leaving a raw tender area underneath, some are much deeper.
- She rubbed her skin, it was raw and ached at the touch.
- After scrubbing down so hard that my skin was raw I finally got out.
- Washing your hands so often that that your skin is raw and bleeding - that I can see too.
- Riders were getting their raw and ripped skin attended to by the St John's volunteers and others were getting more serious injuries like broken bones assessed by doctors on the scene.
- I was still furiously wiping at my eyes with my sleeve, and my skin was raw from the friction.
- It tore at his skin, ripping it raw and re-opening his chapped lips so they bled painfully.
- Without looking, Otto knew the skin was open and raw underneath.
- Mischa scooped out some creamy-white ointment and carefully applied it to the raw, bloody skin on Hazel's right leg and foot, gently rubbing it into the sore skin.
- She pleaded, wincing as she rubbed her raw skin.
- I scrubbed until my skin was raw.
- He picked himself up, his hands were raw and skinned.
- This potent grease-cutting chemical melts away the first few layers of skin on my hands, leaving them dry, cracked and painfully raw.
Synonyms
sore, red, inflamed, painful, sensitive, tender
abraded, chafed, skinned, open, exposed, unhealed, bloody
technical excoriated
1. 2.1 (of a person's nerves) very sensitive.
  Fran's nerves were raw
  〈喻〉弗兰的情绪伤痛得厉害。
  Example sentencesExamples
  It seems that my advertisement has struck a raw nerve with the councillor.
  I was surprised and amused that my letter should have hit such a raw nerve with Mrs Jones.
  On the other, it encourages an irrational climate in which any old conspiratorial tosh can be taken seriously, providing it touches the correct raw nerve.
  Those figures may have been dubious but, for an itinerant preacher, he had a pretty way with words that struck a raw nerve.
  The news agenda has left the realm of shock and raw nerves and moved into the world of political negotiation, peace-keeping forces and re-building programmes.
  When the mudthrowing and name calling becomes nasty, then you know a raw nerve has been prodded.
  It was too emotive a subject, the public's nerves were too raw, and I was convinced my publisher would have no appetite for a book whose subject matter was ripped from today's headlines.
  But it also leads to greater public insecurity and confusion, raw nerves that can readily be touched upon by scares about immigration and asylum.
  In doing so he seems to have struck a very raw nerve indeed.
  Initially the forthcoming destruction of her own home had struck a raw nerve, but since then she had been persuaded by the philosophy that when you've started you may as well finish the thing.
  Who could have known that this little volume would hit such a global raw nerve (the hardback version has sold more than 3m copies)?
  That strikes a raw nerve with the chief executive at a time when he is hyper-sensitive to criticism.
  As she finishes her story, nerves are raw and eyes wet all around the courtroom.
  But certainly that struck, unfortunately, a rather raw nerve there.
  I think we must have touched a couple of raw nerves, a couple of very raw nerves.
  Oh good grief, I've touched on a raw nerve there then.
  Though perhaps I'm just kidding myself and this has struck a raw nerve in me.
  And, finally, the programme also struck a raw nerve or two, but the less said about that the better.
  But to be funny it has to hit the raw nerve of truth - or be so grotesque it is funny in its own right.
  Those same raw nerves, however, also spilled into every bar of the opera's music and also explain the torrential savagery of the emotions it recreates in the listener.
  Synonyms
  delicate, easily damaged, fragile
3(of an emotion or quality) strong and undisguised.
（感情，品质）强烈的，不掩饰的，赤裸裸的；坦诚的
he exuded an air of raw, vibrant masculinity
他透出一种豪放的、活跃的阳刚之气。
Example sentencesExamples
- Well, you know, the emotions are still raw in this city, even a couple of years later.
- He stated that the raw feeling of the emotions that brought him to tears is what startled him the most.
- I loved it, so much style and the raw emotion at the moment of the revelation is spectacular.
- The event is expected to be a supercharged night of high emotion and raw nostalgia when one of the greatest adventure stories of all time will be told by the men who made it happen.
- Suddenly, the potential of reality TV and its raw emotions are revealed in this wonderful, bewitching, heart-warming documentary.
- Reading about it obviously brought a lot of raw emotions and memories to the forefront of people's minds.
- Outwardly I cope well with these situations but inwardly, so much raw emotion and intensity I find hard to deal with at times.
- Given a second chance to prove himself, he finally allows all the raw emotion to express itself through the intensity of his rap lyrics.
- Conveying more raw emotion than some songs with vocals, this song has soundclips of an old man accepting his fate and a gospel singer singing with guitar and keyboard.
- If you don't know by now that you're going to get a lot of raw emotion here, then you're never going to figure that out.
- It would be a shame, this team has worked so hard all year and the passion and raw emotion with which they play is something this competition needs desperately.
- The emotion was raw, the anger was genuine and the agony was heartfelt.
- But she says she is careful to reflect the grief and raw emotion of both sides equally.
- The emotions are so raw for so long that you wonder whether you can handle any kind of involvement.
- Sports bring out intense feelings sometimes and my raw emotions came out.
- The fast footwork, rhythmic clapping and haunting singing radiate an atmosphere of passion and raw emotion.
- These pieces were sharp and biting, making no apologies for being unedited and written on the fly while emotions are still raw.
- It is the intensity of her vision, the raw emotion, that is so impressive.
- If passion, poetry and raw emotion are lacking in the current scene, there's something to be said for learning from the masters.
- I saw his anger, his hurt and his pain so bare and so raw.
Synonyms
strong, intense, passionate, fervent, vehement, powerful, violent, acute
undisguised, unconcealed, unrestrained, uninhibited
1. 3.1 Frank and realistic in the depiction of unpleasant situations.
  如实坦陈的
  a raw, uncompromising portrait
  如实坦陈的、毫不妥协的描述。
  Example sentencesExamples
  This is perhaps what makes his music so raw and honest - the fact that it is a base celebration of everything that's wrong in popular culture today.
  In contrast, Louis's work had a clear subject, was raw, simple, direct, earnest.
  The result the book offers up a very raw portrait of her as she confronts dark family secrets and the postpartum depression of fame.
  Some of the poems are pretty raw, but, hopefully they will help others to realise they are not alone.
  Each of the three tracks on the EP convey a sense of raw realism.
  They can be raw, honest, even emotional, but not stylish, and never beautiful.
  Some revel in the appearance of perfection, but he was raw, gritty and damn funny.
  They're brutal stories, raw, poignant, desperate; we can feel the character's pain, see it in the shades and contours of Miller's skewed and bulbous art.
  People might say they are calm but the way we've cut up the landscape here is raw, brutal, hillsides of houses brushing right up against the forest.
  Here is something raw, as yet uncompromised, and engaged with some sort of reality.
  The stories have a raw texture that lays bare the rather bleak emotional life of her repressed, and repressive environment.
  What I found within many of the entries was a totally uncut style of writing - writing which was personal, direct, bold, raw.
  I don't think anyone could entirely grasp who I am from watching the show, but what was shown was very raw and honest.
  The result is the most raw and real portrayal of how a rock group works and how it sometimes doesn't.
  It's a wise tactic, and one that helps keep her performances honest, raw and real.
  She felt Adam was getting the raw end of the situation.
  The result is raw confrontation, sometimes unpleasant in its intensity.
  It's a little ironic that the star once known for his raw and uncompromising comedy, has appeared in two PG-rated films this summer.
  His raw, blunt style appeals to the disaffected, the outcast, the romantic, the loner and the apolitical, and it always will.
  Like the label itself, the music is often raw, uncompromising, rebellious, and experimental.
  Synonyms
  realistic, true to life, unembellished, unvarnished, gritty, naked, bare, brutal, harsh
  frank, candid, honest, forthright, straightforward, direct, blunt, outspoken
  informal warts and all
2. 3.2US informal (of language) coarse or crude, typically in relation to sexual matters.
  〈美，非正式〉（语言）粗俗的，下流的，淫秽的
  a campaign against raw lyrics in rock music
  Example sentencesExamples
  Her raw lyrics and range of styles are hard-hitting and addictive.
  The dialogue between the characters, while littered with profanities and raw language, is verbose and prosaic.
  Her fans may be shocked by the raw language in the film.
  But aside from the odd moment, the album gets lost amid its pumped-up ethos of hard, hard beats, raw language and stereotypical outlook.
  He's learned through experience that his lyrics are too raw for many ears.
  The author masterfully captures the narratives by using humor, raw language and thought-provoking descriptions.
  People offended by raw language, and even rougher depictions of street life, should steer clear.
  Be warned, that many of these excerpts are raw and crude.
  It was moving and it was funny, and her language is beautiful and raw and brutal.
  What impact do the raw and explicit lyrics in hip-hop music and provocative images of women in the videos have on our girls?
  It's got raw music, raw sensitivity, raw vocals, and raw lyrics.
  The language was on the raw side with the four letter word getting great mileage.
  On the contrary, the raw and prolix language of his novels is unabashedly unpoetic and polemical.
  His language is raw and delivery raucous, but his intelligent and insightful material will make you think.
  Synonyms
  unsophisticated, crude, rough, unpolished, unrefined, undeveloped
4(of the weather) cold and damp; bleak.
（天气）阴冷的，湿冷的
a raw February night
2月份一个阴冷的夜晚。
Example sentencesExamples
- Luckily, while the weather was cold - 30 to 36 degrees - it wasn't a raw cold.
- They gathered on a raw February night to learn the secrets of war.
- The cloying heat of the cottage was replaced by the raw coldness of the night.
- Saturday morning was hideous - the raw wind nearly took you off your feet and the cold rain cut right through my thin jacket.
- It was raw, damp, dark, and dismal; the clouds were as muddy as the ground; and the short perspective of every street and avenue, was closed up by the mist as by a filthy curtain.
- The dreary skies and raw weather suggested November, not mid-May.
- A climb out of the woods brought the shock of the raw, cold, outside world, and a bracing but easy track back.
Synonyms
bleak, cold, chilly, chilling, chill, freezing, icy, icy-cold, wintry, bitter, biting, piercing, penetrating, sharp, keen, damp, wet
informal nippy
British informal parky
5New to an activity or job and therefore lacking experience or skill.
（人）生疏无知的，稚嫩的，无阅历的，无经验的；未经训练的
they were replaced by raw recruits
他们为新兵所取代。
Example sentencesExamples
- We were raw recruits, all looking alike, equally uncomfortable in their new outfits.
- He has good hands, but he is raw, needs experience and must work on his route running.
- He was a little annoyed by the fact that his team were raw recruits; they jostled each other and joked about in a way that he found most irritating and unprofessional.
- Earlier this week I went to a catering college in West London to meet my latest batch of raw recruits and train them up in just four days to cook in a busy London restaurant.
- Almost half of today's Army is married - some of them raw recruits.
- Brigadier Monro's staff of 600 Army personnel and 200 civilians will help to turn raw recruits into trained soldiers.
- The troops were raw, lacked combat experience, and were inadequately trained
- They raised a force of 6,000 to join the army - raw recruits, including many London apprentices.
- These were exceptions largely brought about by incompetent leadership, raw recruits, a disdain for the enemy, and involving an element of tactical surprise.
- As skilled workers become more scarce, employers must provide more training to promising but raw recruits.
- Owners with money don't really need to evaluate raw talent, just buy players who are greedy.
- They had gone from raw recruits to men of honor in a year, and so had he.
- His raw skills and competitiveness make him a terrific prospect, but the learning curve will continue to be steep.
- These reservists are not raw recruits: they include among their ranks a deputy brigade commander and a fighter pilot.
- His skills are raw, but he progressed enough to start on the right side by the end of his rookie season.
- The modest brick building at the heart of Europe's biggest military base has become refuge to thousands of raw recruits.
- His skills were raw, and he had difficulty defending the run and getting a push up the middle on passing downs.
- All I remember is that his skills were very raw, but that he was a very, very strong man who hit hard.
- The unit has the raw talent and experience to compete with anyone and appears to have the best chemistry of any grouping.
- It populated the battalion partly with soldiers who had gone through basic training elsewhere as tank destroyer crewmen and partly with raw recruits.
Synonyms
inexperienced, new, lacking experience, untrained, unskilled, unpractised, untried, untested, unseasoned, untutored, unschooled
callow, immature, green, ignorant, naive, unsophisticated
informal wet behind the ears
6(of the edge of a piece of cloth) not having a hem or selvedge.
（布料边缘）无褶边的，无织边的；毛的，未精缝的
oversewing is used to neaten raw edges
Example sentencesExamples
- With right sides together, place one back panel on an appliquéd front panel, aligning the raw edges on one short end.
- It has a two-way full-zip front and raw edge stitch styling.
- Serge-finish the raw edges and seam with a straight stitch.
- Baste the folded trim strip to the fabric band, matching the long raw edges.
- Make sure the loop stitching on the underside is covering the hem raw edge.
- Stitch again within the seam allowances, or serge or zigzag the raw edges.
- Sew the short ends together to form a circle then fold it in half with wrong sides together so the raw edges meet.
- Simply make the vest in fabric, then again in lining, sandwich the wrong sides together and bind all outer edges to finish the raw edge.
- To machine-stitch a blind hem, fold up the hem, then turn back the garment just below the hem raw edge.
- Serge or zigzag the raw edges with matching thread.
- For a fine finish on short-haired furs, finish the raw edge with seam binding and secure the hem with double catch-stitching as noted above.
- Wrap the fabric to the seat bottom, tuck under raw edge, and staple every inch or so.
- Beginning on the T-shirt neckline wrong side and on the right shoulder seam, place the elastic on the neck opening, aligning the raw edges.
- Fold the pressed edge over the opposite raw edge and stitch down the entire length.
- If you have a taste for the couture side of sewing, try a Hong Kong finish on all raw edges.
- Showcase a variety of fabrics on the one side, featuring curved piecing and bias bars covering all raw edges.
- Make a small diagonal clip through both the hem allowance and facing at the corner where the two raw edges intersect.
- Work on a protected surface and place a piece of waxed paper over the fabric, exposing just the narrow raw edge.
- Line up the left edge of the zipper tape with the raw edge of the left seam allowance and pin in place through the seam allowance only.
- The raw edge will be tucked away inside the first fold, unexposed on either the outside or inside, and therefore won't fray.
7South African derogatory From a traditional tribal or rural culture.
〈南非，贬〉（非洲黑人）源自传统部落（或乡村）文化的
they are mainly raw tribesmen who are intensely conservative

Phrases

come the raw prawn

informal Attempt to deceive.
don't come the raw prawn with me mate, I can get it at home for that price
Example sentencesExamples
- The Attorney General admits that the government might actually come the raw prawn and say now.
- She has my vote for most improved, coming the raw prawn notwithstanding.
- The show's writer said, "We found very early on that cheap shots weren't going to cut it. There are no cheap shots". He wouldn't be coming the raw prawn, would he?
- Some people would think that is trying to come the raw prawn, but I think there is a sensible argument there.
- Don't play funny buggers with me, mate. Don't try coming the raw prawn here and now, alright?
- He's bunged on the quinella by coming the raw prawn over the workers friends in Canberra.
- Ed's coming the raw prawn there; he knows full well that publicity people send out "guest lists" all the time.
- He has taken to telling Australians that they need to be 'proper' Australians, and treat women as equals and generally not 'come the raw prawn' with him.
- "You'll always be coming the raw prawn", said Lester to a uniform groan.

in the raw

1In its true state; in a starkly realistic way.
he didn't much care for nature in the raw
他不大喜欢原始的大自然。
Example sentencesExamples
- For nature in the raw, push inland to the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.
- Such wild areas, like the Lake District and the Scottish Highlands, far from being examples of nature in the raw, were the products of a high level of human intervention and invention.
- She told us very early on that we were all diamonds in the raw and that we needed refining.
- I switched off the telly and settled down to what I thought would be half an hour of savage nature in the raw!
- Those of us who can't or won't brave nature in the raw should never underestimate the power of the local swimming pool, in providing that vital link with our ancestral past.
- It's a moment of open savagery, nature in the raw.
- Like mud, diamonds - which look like dull pebbles in the raw state, and only reveal their beauty when cut and polished - attracted very little attention when first discovered by early man.
- Experiencing nature in the raw can gave us all a better sense of perspective.
- He was the sole doctor for several hundred square miles and experienced all forms of medicine in the raw.
- Nothing is staged, nothing is acted, life is shown in the raw, like it really is.
2Naked.
I slept in the raw
我裸体而眠。
Synonyms
naked, nude, bare, in the nude, stark naked, with nothing on, stripped, unclothed, undressed, uncovered, in a state of nature, disrobed, unclad, undraped, exposed

a raw deal

informal A situation in which someone receives unfair or harsh treatment.
pensioners have had a raw deal
Example sentencesExamples
- Counsel for the Member of Parliament yesterday attempted to guillotine the judgement passed on the appellant suggesting that his client had been given a raw deal.
- Gloucestershire education chiefs say they have been given another raw deal following the government's latest round of education funding.
- Are we getting a rough deal from our energy providers?
- Women academics continue to get a raw deal.
- Finally, anyone who feels they received a very raw deal by being sold the endowment in the first place may be able to claim compensation.
- She warns that even if the December text is agreed to, it still offers a raw deal to developing countries, and would result in a ‘host of legal and bureaucratic red tape’.
- There are a variety of reasons why these farmers and growers feel they are being given a rough deal.

touch someone on the raw

Upset someone by referring to a subject about which they are extremely sensitive.
触及…的痛处
you've touched him on the raw—no man likes to have his driving criticized

Derivatives

rawish

adjective

rawly

adverb

The role of the UN has been rawly exposed in the current crisis.
Example sentencesExamples
- ‘Barely’ he acknowledged rawly, and I nodded this time, and wrapped an arm around him.
- Her view of her homeland may be ambivalent but it is rawly accurate.
- The orchestral sound was revelatory, specifically for the way the instruments paradoxically seemed to gain a new individuality, rawly expressive, yet to be part of a more than usually cohesive ensemble.

rawness

noun ˈrɔːnəsˈrɔnəs

The work was so powerful and so very disturbing and I cried at a couple of points because of the rawness and honesty.
Example sentencesExamples
- The rawness of his ruthlessness was there for all to see.
- He says the rawness of the genre continues to enthrall him.
- I suppose you never lose the sensitivity and the rawness that an unpleasant comment can bring to you.
- The rawness of his nature is an integral part of his incredible success.

Origin

Old English hrēaw, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rauw and German roh, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kreas 'raw flesh'.

This Old English word shares an ancient root with Greek kreas ‘raw flesh’. In Australian English a stupid person can be referred to as a prawn (ME of unknown origin), and to come the raw prawn is to attempt to deceive someone, presumably by pretending that you are too simple to cheat.

Rhymes

abhor, adore, afore, anymore, ashore, awe, bandore, Bangalore, before, boar, Boer, bore, caw, chore, claw, cocksure, comprador, cor, core, corps, craw, Delors, deplore, door, draw, drawer, evermore, explore, flaw, floor, for, forbore, fore, foresaw, forevermore, forswore, four, fourscore, furthermore, Gábor, galore, gnaw, gore, grantor, guarantor, guffaw, hard-core, Haugh, haw, hoar, ignore, implore, Indore, interwar, jaw, Johor, Lahore, law, lessor, lor, lore, macaw, man-o'-war, maw, mirador, mor, more, mortgagor, Mysore, nevermore, nor, oar, obligor, offshore, onshore, open-jaw, or, ore, outdoor, outwore, paw, poor, pore, pour, rapport, roar, saw, scaur, score, senhor, señor, shaw, ship-to-shore, shop-floor, shore, signor, Singapore, snore, soar, softcore, sore, spore, store, straw, swore, Tagore, tau, taw, thaw, Thor, threescore, tor, tore, torr, trapdoor, tug-of-war, two-by-four, underfloor, underscore, war, warrantor, Waugh, whore, withdraw, wore, yaw, yore, your

Definition of raw in US English:

raw

adjectiverôrɔ

1(of food) uncooked.
（食物）生的，未经烹煮的
raw eggs
生蛋。
salsify can be eaten raw in salads or cooked
婆罗门参可以凉拌着吃或煮熟了吃。
Example sentencesExamples
- Eating diets that consist of only raw, uncooked foods is a small but influential trend.
- She stood there in flip-flops and an orange silk blouse, cooking soy-sauced strips of raw beef.
- Perishable food, such as raw or cooked meat and poultry, must be kept cold or frozen at the store and at home.
- Pregnant women should avoid foods made with raw or partially cooked eggs, like egg nog and hollandaise sauce.
- He's thinking about opening another shop, and perhaps a restaurant where you could choose your slab of raw meat for cooking.
- Eat only cooked foods and not raw, which are harder to digest.
- Joey had bought a packet of sausages for them, at the greengrocer's nearby, and together they cooked the raw meat over the fire.
- Avoid uncooked food, such as raw fruits and vegetables, instead sticking to cooked veggies and meats.
- Keep raw and cooked foods separate and use different plates and utensils for them.
- To avoid illness, travellers are advised not to eat shellfish or raw foods such as salad that have been washed in unboiled or unclean water.
- Avoid fruit juices, raw vegetables, salads, and any raw or undercooked eggs, meat, and seafood.
- Place cooked meats and raw items for the barbecue, as well as items more likely to be used last, on the bottom of the cooler close to the cooling source.
- Do not eat foods with raw or undercooked eggs, such as Caesar salad and raw cookie dough, or drink eggnog.
- When raw meat is cooked, the outside turns brown and the brown colour gradually spreads inwards.
- Both dishes were marvellous; fine raw ingredients cooked to juicy, succulent perfection and allowed to stand for themselves without the need for endless sauces and marinades.
- Our mothers cooked real food from raw ingredients, making magical meals out of very little.
- Hands should also be washed frequently while preparing foods, especially between handling raw and cooked food.
- Don't use raw eggs in food that will not be cooked, such as chocolate mousse or homemade mayonnaise.
- Keep the kitchen clean, especially when preparing raw meat, eggs, and poultry.
- Fresh raw beans have a crunchy sweetness; when cooked, they are rich and creamy.
Synonyms
uncooked, fresh
1. 1.1 (of a material or substance) in its natural state; not yet processed or purified.
  （材料，物质）自然状态的，原料状态的；未加工的，未经处理的；未经净化的
  raw silk
  生丝。
  raw sewage
  未经处理的污水。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Usually the water mixes with the raw sewage, clogging up the drainage system.
  The bride, given in marriage by her father Frank, looked radiant in an ivory raw silk dress with diamanté detail and long train.
  The bride, given in matrimony by her father Tom, looked very elegant in a gown of white raw silk, perfectly adorned with diamanté stones and full length train.
  I found a pink raw silk jacket with covered buttons, a soft leopard vest and a cream wool shell covered with opalescent sequins and beads.
  One thing you should remember - unless you have gone rustic and want to play with stone and raw wood - building materials come in standard sizes.
  Similar in texture and appearance to paint, these materials can be applied to almost any building material, including raw wood, drywall and steel.
  There were urban myths of two-headed, glow-in-the-dark fish, but even the added presence of raw sewage in our local harbour was not enough to deter us from swimming and fishing there.
  Large shipments of raw silk, tea, and coffee, as well as the traditional pepper and spices, also came from Asia.
  The bride looked stunning in an ivory and gold raw silk dress of Irish design and carried a bouquet of delicate cream roses.
  There'll always be a huge demand here for raw wool from Australia, provided we can keep the spindles here spinning wool and keep them away from spinning synthetics.
  The London Assembly has launched an investigation into why 600,000 tonnes of raw sewage was pumped into the Thames last month, killing thousands of fish.
  Synonyms
  unprocessed, untreated, unrefined, crude, natural, unmilled, unprepared, unfinished
2. 1.2 (of information) not analyzed, evaluated, or processed for use.
  （信息）未经分析的；未经评价的；未经处理的；原始的，第一手的
  there were a number of errors in the raw data
  原始数据中存在若干误差。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Sometimes it is justifiable to go beyond raw statistics.
  Besides presentation of the data in the form of diverse graphs, evaluation of the raw data is also possible.
  Our raw web statistics show 3.5 million visits for March.
  With so much raw data and so many things you can do with that data, coupled with a big random element, you are going to get lots of patterns.
  An article was judged as empirical if it manipulated some type of raw data in its analysis.
  In some studies, new analyses were performed from raw data supplied by the principal investigators.
  Here, we discuss some of more interesting preliminary findings garnered from a descriptive statistical analysis of the raw data.
  The unique relationship between analysis and raw information is essential to producing useful intelligence.
  I therefore wrote to a large range of other users of the questionnaire and asked for copies of their raw data so that I could carry out the requisite analyses myself.
  Annotation is the process of converting raw DNA sequence data into biological knowledge.
  I'm a bit cloudy on the dates, so I'll leave those out and just go with the raw facts.
  Traditional empiricists thought that perception was a two-step process: raw perception and interpretation of it.
  Figure 4 summarizes the test system, which includes the data processing software to process the raw data.
  I wanted to get beyond the raw statistics, the charts and the predictions.
  The results from analyses of the raw data are available upon request from the author.
  All x-ray scans are raw data with no processing of any kind.
  The questionnaire and raw data are available on request.
  The raw data are analysed by the team's DNA analysts, put into a proper format, and entered into the DNA databases.
  The net result is that using statistical analysis on raw primary sequence data sometimes leads to rather unlikely results.
  The raw data is then processed through layers of neurons.
2(of a part of the body) red and painful, especially as the result of skin abrasion.
（身体部位）（尤指因皮肤擦伤）发红而疼痛的
he scrubbed his hands until they were raw
他把手擦到又红又疼。
figurative Fran's nerves were raw
〈喻〉弗兰的情绪伤痛得厉害。
Example sentencesExamples
- Some grazes only take off the surface layer of skin leaving a raw tender area underneath, some are much deeper.
- My hands still bleed if I move my fingers too quickly, but the doc says the raw skin and general tenderness will gradually go away.
- The wounds were still too raw and painful for the fragile bandages to be removed.
- Annie removed the towel from his injury exposing the raw pink skin underneath.
- I scrubbed until my skin was raw.
- He picked himself up, his hands were raw and skinned.
- This potent grease-cutting chemical melts away the first few layers of skin on my hands, leaving them dry, cracked and painfully raw.
- She pleaded, wincing as she rubbed her raw skin.
- She rubbed her skin, it was raw and ached at the touch.
- After scrubbing down so hard that my skin was raw I finally got out.
- Stiff muscles and raw skin make basic movements extremely difficult.
- Mischa scooped out some creamy-white ointment and carefully applied it to the raw, bloody skin on Hazel's right leg and foot, gently rubbing it into the sore skin.
- He scrubbed his skin until it was raw and red, stopping to look down at a tattoo on his right upper arm.
- Riders were getting their raw and ripped skin attended to by the St John's volunteers and others were getting more serious injuries like broken bones assessed by doctors on the scene.
- I was still furiously wiping at my eyes with my sleeve, and my skin was raw from the friction.
- It tore at his skin, ripping it raw and re-opening his chapped lips so they bled painfully.
- Without looking, Otto knew the skin was open and raw underneath.
- Gingerly flexing my wrists, I see the skin underneath is raw and blistered.
- ‘She hit me,’ he said, his voice subdued as he raised his hand up to his face, rubbing the raw skin.
- Washing your hands so often that that your skin is raw and bleeding - that I can see too.
Synonyms
sore, red, inflamed, painful, sensitive, tender
3(of an emotion or quality) strong and undisguised.
（感情，品质）强烈的，不掩饰的，赤裸裸的；坦诚的
he exuded an air of raw, vibrant masculinity
他透出一种豪放的、活跃的阳刚之气。
Example sentencesExamples
- Reading about it obviously brought a lot of raw emotions and memories to the forefront of people's minds.
- Well, you know, the emotions are still raw in this city, even a couple of years later.
- If you don't know by now that you're going to get a lot of raw emotion here, then you're never going to figure that out.
- It would be a shame, this team has worked so hard all year and the passion and raw emotion with which they play is something this competition needs desperately.
- The emotion was raw, the anger was genuine and the agony was heartfelt.
- The emotions are so raw for so long that you wonder whether you can handle any kind of involvement.
- But she says she is careful to reflect the grief and raw emotion of both sides equally.
- I saw his anger, his hurt and his pain so bare and so raw.
- I loved it, so much style and the raw emotion at the moment of the revelation is spectacular.
- Suddenly, the potential of reality TV and its raw emotions are revealed in this wonderful, bewitching, heart-warming documentary.
- Conveying more raw emotion than some songs with vocals, this song has soundclips of an old man accepting his fate and a gospel singer singing with guitar and keyboard.
- These pieces were sharp and biting, making no apologies for being unedited and written on the fly while emotions are still raw.
- The fast footwork, rhythmic clapping and haunting singing radiate an atmosphere of passion and raw emotion.
- He stated that the raw feeling of the emotions that brought him to tears is what startled him the most.
- Sports bring out intense feelings sometimes and my raw emotions came out.
- It is the intensity of her vision, the raw emotion, that is so impressive.
- Outwardly I cope well with these situations but inwardly, so much raw emotion and intensity I find hard to deal with at times.
- The event is expected to be a supercharged night of high emotion and raw nostalgia when one of the greatest adventure stories of all time will be told by the men who made it happen.
- Given a second chance to prove himself, he finally allows all the raw emotion to express itself through the intensity of his rap lyrics.
- If passion, poetry and raw emotion are lacking in the current scene, there's something to be said for learning from the masters.
Synonyms
strong, intense, passionate, fervent, vehement, powerful, violent, acute
1. 3.1 Frank and realistic in the depiction of unpleasant facts or situations.
  如实坦陈的
  a raw, uncompromising portrait
  如实坦陈的、毫不妥协的描述。
  Example sentencesExamples
  His raw, blunt style appeals to the disaffected, the outcast, the romantic, the loner and the apolitical, and it always will.
  They can be raw, honest, even emotional, but not stylish, and never beautiful.
  I don't think anyone could entirely grasp who I am from watching the show, but what was shown was very raw and honest.
  People might say they are calm but the way we've cut up the landscape here is raw, brutal, hillsides of houses brushing right up against the forest.
  Here is something raw, as yet uncompromised, and engaged with some sort of reality.
  The stories have a raw texture that lays bare the rather bleak emotional life of her repressed, and repressive environment.
  The result the book offers up a very raw portrait of her as she confronts dark family secrets and the postpartum depression of fame.
  Like the label itself, the music is often raw, uncompromising, rebellious, and experimental.
  It's a wise tactic, and one that helps keep her performances honest, raw and real.
  They're brutal stories, raw, poignant, desperate; we can feel the character's pain, see it in the shades and contours of Miller's skewed and bulbous art.
  The result is raw confrontation, sometimes unpleasant in its intensity.
  The result is the most raw and real portrayal of how a rock group works and how it sometimes doesn't.
  This is perhaps what makes his music so raw and honest - the fact that it is a base celebration of everything that's wrong in popular culture today.
  She felt Adam was getting the raw end of the situation.
  Each of the three tracks on the EP convey a sense of raw realism.
  Some revel in the appearance of perfection, but he was raw, gritty and damn funny.
  Some of the poems are pretty raw, but, hopefully they will help others to realise they are not alone.
  In contrast, Louis's work had a clear subject, was raw, simple, direct, earnest.
  It's a little ironic that the star once known for his raw and uncompromising comedy, has appeared in two PG-rated films this summer.
  What I found within many of the entries was a totally uncut style of writing - writing which was personal, direct, bold, raw.
  Synonyms
  realistic, true to life, unembellished, unvarnished, gritty, naked, bare, brutal, harsh
2. 3.2US informal (of language) coarse or crude, typically in relation to sexual matters.
  〈美，非正式〉（语言）粗俗的，下流的，淫秽的
  Example sentencesExamples
  People offended by raw language, and even rougher depictions of street life, should steer clear.
  The dialogue between the characters, while littered with profanities and raw language, is verbose and prosaic.
  It's got raw music, raw sensitivity, raw vocals, and raw lyrics.
  The author masterfully captures the narratives by using humor, raw language and thought-provoking descriptions.
  He's learned through experience that his lyrics are too raw for many ears.
  But aside from the odd moment, the album gets lost amid its pumped-up ethos of hard, hard beats, raw language and stereotypical outlook.
  What impact do the raw and explicit lyrics in hip-hop music and provocative images of women in the videos have on our girls?
  On the contrary, the raw and prolix language of his novels is unabashedly unpoetic and polemical.
  Her raw lyrics and range of styles are hard-hitting and addictive.
  His language is raw and delivery raucous, but his intelligent and insightful material will make you think.
  Her fans may be shocked by the raw language in the film.
  Be warned, that many of these excerpts are raw and crude.
  The language was on the raw side with the four letter word getting great mileage.
  It was moving and it was funny, and her language is beautiful and raw and brutal.
  Synonyms
  unsophisticated, crude, rough, unpolished, unrefined, undeveloped
4(of the weather) bleak, cold, and damp.
（天气）阴冷的，湿冷的
a raw February night
2月份一个阴冷的夜晚。
Example sentencesExamples
- Luckily, while the weather was cold - 30 to 36 degrees - it wasn't a raw cold.
- The cloying heat of the cottage was replaced by the raw coldness of the night.
- They gathered on a raw February night to learn the secrets of war.
- The dreary skies and raw weather suggested November, not mid-May.
- A climb out of the woods brought the shock of the raw, cold, outside world, and a bracing but easy track back.
- Saturday morning was hideous - the raw wind nearly took you off your feet and the cold rain cut right through my thin jacket.
- It was raw, damp, dark, and dismal; the clouds were as muddy as the ground; and the short perspective of every street and avenue, was closed up by the mist as by a filthy curtain.
Synonyms
bleak, cold, chilly, chilling, chill, freezing, icy, icy-cold, wintry, bitter, biting, piercing, penetrating, sharp, keen, damp, wet
5(of a person) new to an activity or job and therefore lacking experience or skill.
（人）生疏无知的，稚嫩的，无阅历的，无经验的；未经训练的
they were replaced by raw recruits
他们为新兵所取代。
Example sentencesExamples
- He was a little annoyed by the fact that his team were raw recruits; they jostled each other and joked about in a way that he found most irritating and unprofessional.
- He has good hands, but he is raw, needs experience and must work on his route running.
- The troops were raw, lacked combat experience, and were inadequately trained
- Almost half of today's Army is married - some of them raw recruits.
- Owners with money don't really need to evaluate raw talent, just buy players who are greedy.
- His raw skills and competitiveness make him a terrific prospect, but the learning curve will continue to be steep.
- The modest brick building at the heart of Europe's biggest military base has become refuge to thousands of raw recruits.
- His skills are raw, but he progressed enough to start on the right side by the end of his rookie season.
- These reservists are not raw recruits: they include among their ranks a deputy brigade commander and a fighter pilot.
- It populated the battalion partly with soldiers who had gone through basic training elsewhere as tank destroyer crewmen and partly with raw recruits.
- Brigadier Monro's staff of 600 Army personnel and 200 civilians will help to turn raw recruits into trained soldiers.
- All I remember is that his skills were very raw, but that he was a very, very strong man who hit hard.
- The unit has the raw talent and experience to compete with anyone and appears to have the best chemistry of any grouping.
- His skills were raw, and he had difficulty defending the run and getting a push up the middle on passing downs.
- As skilled workers become more scarce, employers must provide more training to promising but raw recruits.
- They had gone from raw recruits to men of honor in a year, and so had he.
- Earlier this week I went to a catering college in West London to meet my latest batch of raw recruits and train them up in just four days to cook in a busy London restaurant.
- These were exceptions largely brought about by incompetent leadership, raw recruits, a disdain for the enemy, and involving an element of tactical surprise.
- They raised a force of 6,000 to join the army - raw recruits, including many London apprentices.
- We were raw recruits, all looking alike, equally uncomfortable in their new outfits.
Synonyms
inexperienced, new, lacking experience, untrained, unskilled, unpractised, untried, untested, unseasoned, untutored, unschooled
6(of the edge of a piece of cloth) not having a hem or selvage.
（布料边缘）无褶边的，无织边的；毛的，未精缝的
Example sentencesExamples
- If you have a taste for the couture side of sewing, try a Hong Kong finish on all raw edges.
- Showcase a variety of fabrics on the one side, featuring curved piecing and bias bars covering all raw edges.
- For a fine finish on short-haired furs, finish the raw edge with seam binding and secure the hem with double catch-stitching as noted above.
- Sew the short ends together to form a circle then fold it in half with wrong sides together so the raw edges meet.
- The raw edge will be tucked away inside the first fold, unexposed on either the outside or inside, and therefore won't fray.
- Fold the pressed edge over the opposite raw edge and stitch down the entire length.
- To machine-stitch a blind hem, fold up the hem, then turn back the garment just below the hem raw edge.
- Serge or zigzag the raw edges with matching thread.
- Line up the left edge of the zipper tape with the raw edge of the left seam allowance and pin in place through the seam allowance only.
- Serge-finish the raw edges and seam with a straight stitch.
- Beginning on the T-shirt neckline wrong side and on the right shoulder seam, place the elastic on the neck opening, aligning the raw edges.
- Make a small diagonal clip through both the hem allowance and facing at the corner where the two raw edges intersect.
- Stitch again within the seam allowances, or serge or zigzag the raw edges.
- Baste the folded trim strip to the fabric band, matching the long raw edges.
- Work on a protected surface and place a piece of waxed paper over the fabric, exposing just the narrow raw edge.
- Wrap the fabric to the seat bottom, tuck under raw edge, and staple every inch or so.
- It has a two-way full-zip front and raw edge stitch styling.
- Make sure the loop stitching on the underside is covering the hem raw edge.
- With right sides together, place one back panel on an appliquéd front panel, aligning the raw edges on one short end.
- Simply make the vest in fabric, then again in lining, sandwich the wrong sides together and bind all outer edges to finish the raw edge.

Phrases

in the raw

1In its true state; not made to seem better or more palatable than it actually is.
处于自然状态，处于蒙昧状态；原汁原味
he didn't much care for nature in the raw
他不大喜欢原始的大自然。
Example sentencesExamples
- Experiencing nature in the raw can gave us all a better sense of perspective.
- Nothing is staged, nothing is acted, life is shown in the raw, like it really is.
- Like mud, diamonds - which look like dull pebbles in the raw state, and only reveal their beauty when cut and polished - attracted very little attention when first discovered by early man.
- Those of us who can't or won't brave nature in the raw should never underestimate the power of the local swimming pool, in providing that vital link with our ancestral past.
- For nature in the raw, push inland to the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.
- I switched off the telly and settled down to what I thought would be half an hour of savage nature in the raw!
- It's a moment of open savagery, nature in the raw.
- Such wild areas, like the Lake District and the Scottish Highlands, far from being examples of nature in the raw, were the products of a high level of human intervention and invention.
- He was the sole doctor for several hundred square miles and experienced all forms of medicine in the raw.
- She told us very early on that we were all diamonds in the raw and that we needed refining.
2(of a person) naked.
〈非正式〉（人）赤裸的，裸体的
I slept in the raw
我裸体而眠。
Synonyms
naked, nude, bare, in the nude, stark naked, with nothing on, stripped, unclothed, undressed, uncovered, in a state of nature, disrobed, unclad, undraped, exposed

a raw deal

informal A situation in which someone receives unfair or harsh treatment.
Example sentencesExamples
- Are we getting a rough deal from our energy providers?
- Counsel for the Member of Parliament yesterday attempted to guillotine the judgement passed on the appellant suggesting that his client had been given a raw deal.
- Finally, anyone who feels they received a very raw deal by being sold the endowment in the first place may be able to claim compensation.
- Gloucestershire education chiefs say they have been given another raw deal following the government's latest round of education funding.
- She warns that even if the December text is agreed to, it still offers a raw deal to developing countries, and would result in a ‘host of legal and bureaucratic red tape’.
- Women academics continue to get a raw deal.
- There are a variety of reasons why these farmers and growers feel they are being given a rough deal.

Origin

Old English hrēaw, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rauw and German roh, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kreas ‘raw flesh’.

词汇	raw
释义	Definition of raw in English: raw adjective rɔːrɔ 1(of food) not cooked. （食物）生的，未经烹煮的 raw eggs 生蛋。 salsify can be eaten raw in salads 婆罗门参可以凉拌着吃或煮熟了吃。 Example sentencesExamples She stood there in flip-flops and an orange silk blouse, cooking soy-sauced strips of raw beef. Both dishes were marvellous; fine raw ingredients cooked to juicy, succulent perfection and allowed to stand for themselves without the need for endless sauces and marinades. He's thinking about opening another shop, and perhaps a restaurant where you could choose your slab of raw meat for cooking. Joey had bought a packet of sausages for them, at the greengrocer's nearby, and together they cooked the raw meat over the fire. Do not eat foods with raw or undercooked eggs, such as Caesar salad and raw cookie dough, or drink eggnog. To avoid illness, travellers are advised not to eat shellfish or raw foods such as salad that have been washed in unboiled or unclean water. Our mothers cooked real food from raw ingredients, making magical meals out of very little. Avoid uncooked food, such as raw fruits and vegetables, instead sticking to cooked veggies and meats. Eating diets that consist of only raw, uncooked foods is a small but influential trend. Eat only cooked foods and not raw, which are harder to digest. Pregnant women should avoid foods made with raw or partially cooked eggs, like egg nog and hollandaise sauce. Fresh raw beans have a crunchy sweetness; when cooked, they are rich and creamy. Hands should also be washed frequently while preparing foods, especially between handling raw and cooked food. Perishable food, such as raw or cooked meat and poultry, must be kept cold or frozen at the store and at home. Keep the kitchen clean, especially when preparing raw meat, eggs, and poultry. Place cooked meats and raw items for the barbecue, as well as items more likely to be used last, on the bottom of the cooler close to the cooling source. Avoid fruit juices, raw vegetables, salads, and any raw or undercooked eggs, meat, and seafood. When raw meat is cooked, the outside turns brown and the brown colour gradually spreads inwards. Don't use raw eggs in food that will not be cooked, such as chocolate mousse or homemade mayonnaise. Keep raw and cooked foods separate and use different plates and utensils for them. Synonyms uncooked, fresh underdone 1.1 (of a material or substance) in its natural state; unprocessed. （材料，物质）自然状态的，原料状态的；未加工的，未经处理的；未经净化的 raw silk 生丝。 raw sewage 未经处理的污水。 Example sentencesExamples The London Assembly has launched an investigation into why 600,000 tonnes of raw sewage was pumped into the Thames last month, killing thousands of fish. Usually the water mixes with the raw sewage, clogging up the drainage system. I found a pink raw silk jacket with covered buttons, a soft leopard vest and a cream wool shell covered with opalescent sequins and beads. There were urban myths of two-headed, glow-in-the-dark fish, but even the added presence of raw sewage in our local harbour was not enough to deter us from swimming and fishing there. There'll always be a huge demand here for raw wool from Australia, provided we can keep the spindles here spinning wool and keep them away from spinning synthetics. The bride, given in matrimony by her father Tom, looked very elegant in a gown of white raw silk, perfectly adorned with diamanté stones and full length train. The bride looked stunning in an ivory and gold raw silk dress of Irish design and carried a bouquet of delicate cream roses. The bride, given in marriage by her father Frank, looked radiant in an ivory raw silk dress with diamanté detail and long train. One thing you should remember - unless you have gone rustic and want to play with stone and raw wood - building materials come in standard sizes. Similar in texture and appearance to paint, these materials can be applied to almost any building material, including raw wood, drywall and steel. Large shipments of raw silk, tea, and coffee, as well as the traditional pepper and spices, also came from Asia. Synonyms unprocessed, untreated, unrefined, crude, natural, unmilled, unprepared, unfinished green 1.2 (of data) not analysed, evaluated, or processed for use. （信息）未经分析的；未经评价的；未经处理的；原始的，第一手的 there were a number of errors in the raw data 原始数据中存在若干误差。 Example sentencesExamples I therefore wrote to a large range of other users of the questionnaire and asked for copies of their raw data so that I could carry out the requisite analyses myself. Sometimes it is justifiable to go beyond raw statistics. The raw data is then processed through layers of neurons. I'm a bit cloudy on the dates, so I'll leave those out and just go with the raw facts. The results from analyses of the raw data are available upon request from the author. Here, we discuss some of more interesting preliminary findings garnered from a descriptive statistical analysis of the raw data. In some studies, new analyses were performed from raw data supplied by the principal investigators. Traditional empiricists thought that perception was a two-step process: raw perception and interpretation of it. Figure 4 summarizes the test system, which includes the data processing software to process the raw data. The unique relationship between analysis and raw information is essential to producing useful intelligence. The raw data are analysed by the team's DNA analysts, put into a proper format, and entered into the DNA databases. With so much raw data and so many things you can do with that data, coupled with a big random element, you are going to get lots of patterns. I wanted to get beyond the raw statistics, the charts and the predictions. Annotation is the process of converting raw DNA sequence data into biological knowledge. Besides presentation of the data in the form of diverse graphs, evaluation of the raw data is also possible. An article was judged as empirical if it manipulated some type of raw data in its analysis. The net result is that using statistical analysis on raw primary sequence data sometimes leads to rather unlikely results. All x-ray scans are raw data with no processing of any kind. Our raw web statistics show 3.5 million visits for March. The questionnaire and raw data are available on request. 2(of a part of the body) red and painful, especially as the result of skin abrasion. （身体部位）（尤指因皮肤擦伤）发红而疼痛的 he scrubbed his hands until they were raw 他把手擦到又红又疼。 Example sentencesExamples He scrubbed his skin until it was raw and red, stopping to look down at a tattoo on his right upper arm. My hands still bleed if I move my fingers too quickly, but the doc says the raw skin and general tenderness will gradually go away. The wounds were still too raw and painful for the fragile bandages to be removed. ‘She hit me,’ he said, his voice subdued as he raised his hand up to his face, rubbing the raw skin. Annie removed the towel from his injury exposing the raw pink skin underneath. Gingerly flexing my wrists, I see the skin underneath is raw and blistered. Stiff muscles and raw skin make basic movements extremely difficult. Some grazes only take off the surface layer of skin leaving a raw tender area underneath, some are much deeper. She rubbed her skin, it was raw and ached at the touch. After scrubbing down so hard that my skin was raw I finally got out. Washing your hands so often that that your skin is raw and bleeding - that I can see too. Riders were getting their raw and ripped skin attended to by the St John's volunteers and others were getting more serious injuries like broken bones assessed by doctors on the scene. I was still furiously wiping at my eyes with my sleeve, and my skin was raw from the friction. It tore at his skin, ripping it raw and re-opening his chapped lips so they bled painfully. Without looking, Otto knew the skin was open and raw underneath. Mischa scooped out some creamy-white ointment and carefully applied it to the raw, bloody skin on Hazel's right leg and foot, gently rubbing it into the sore skin. She pleaded, wincing as she rubbed her raw skin. I scrubbed until my skin was raw. He picked himself up, his hands were raw and skinned. This potent grease-cutting chemical melts away the first few layers of skin on my hands, leaving them dry, cracked and painfully raw. Synonyms sore, red, inflamed, painful, sensitive, tender abraded, chafed, skinned, open, exposed, unhealed, bloody technical excoriated 2.1 (of a person's nerves) very sensitive. Fran's nerves were raw 〈喻〉弗兰的情绪伤痛得厉害。 Example sentencesExamples It seems that my advertisement has struck a raw nerve with the councillor. I was surprised and amused that my letter should have hit such a raw nerve with Mrs Jones. On the other, it encourages an irrational climate in which any old conspiratorial tosh can be taken seriously, providing it touches the correct raw nerve. Those figures may have been dubious but, for an itinerant preacher, he had a pretty way with words that struck a raw nerve. The news agenda has left the realm of shock and raw nerves and moved into the world of political negotiation, peace-keeping forces and re-building programmes. When the mudthrowing and name calling becomes nasty, then you know a raw nerve has been prodded. It was too emotive a subject, the public's nerves were too raw, and I was convinced my publisher would have no appetite for a book whose subject matter was ripped from today's headlines. But it also leads to greater public insecurity and confusion, raw nerves that can readily be touched upon by scares about immigration and asylum. In doing so he seems to have struck a very raw nerve indeed. Initially the forthcoming destruction of her own home had struck a raw nerve, but since then she had been persuaded by the philosophy that when you've started you may as well finish the thing. Who could have known that this little volume would hit such a global raw nerve (the hardback version has sold more than 3m copies)? That strikes a raw nerve with the chief executive at a time when he is hyper-sensitive to criticism. As she finishes her story, nerves are raw and eyes wet all around the courtroom. But certainly that struck, unfortunately, a rather raw nerve there. I think we must have touched a couple of raw nerves, a couple of very raw nerves. Oh good grief, I've touched on a raw nerve there then. Though perhaps I'm just kidding myself and this has struck a raw nerve in me. And, finally, the programme also struck a raw nerve or two, but the less said about that the better. But to be funny it has to hit the raw nerve of truth - or be so grotesque it is funny in its own right. Those same raw nerves, however, also spilled into every bar of the opera's music and also explain the torrential savagery of the emotions it recreates in the listener. Synonyms delicate, easily damaged, fragile 3(of an emotion or quality) strong and undisguised. （感情，品质）强烈的，不掩饰的，赤裸裸的；坦诚的 he exuded an air of raw, vibrant masculinity 他透出一种豪放的、活跃的阳刚之气。 Example sentencesExamples Well, you know, the emotions are still raw in this city, even a couple of years later. He stated that the raw feeling of the emotions that brought him to tears is what startled him the most. I loved it, so much style and the raw emotion at the moment of the revelation is spectacular. The event is expected to be a supercharged night of high emotion and raw nostalgia when one of the greatest adventure stories of all time will be told by the men who made it happen. Suddenly, the potential of reality TV and its raw emotions are revealed in this wonderful, bewitching, heart-warming documentary. Reading about it obviously brought a lot of raw emotions and memories to the forefront of people's minds. Outwardly I cope well with these situations but inwardly, so much raw emotion and intensity I find hard to deal with at times. Given a second chance to prove himself, he finally allows all the raw emotion to express itself through the intensity of his rap lyrics. Conveying more raw emotion than some songs with vocals, this song has soundclips of an old man accepting his fate and a gospel singer singing with guitar and keyboard. If you don't know by now that you're going to get a lot of raw emotion here, then you're never going to figure that out. It would be a shame, this team has worked so hard all year and the passion and raw emotion with which they play is something this competition needs desperately. The emotion was raw, the anger was genuine and the agony was heartfelt. But she says she is careful to reflect the grief and raw emotion of both sides equally. The emotions are so raw for so long that you wonder whether you can handle any kind of involvement. Sports bring out intense feelings sometimes and my raw emotions came out. The fast footwork, rhythmic clapping and haunting singing radiate an atmosphere of passion and raw emotion. These pieces were sharp and biting, making no apologies for being unedited and written on the fly while emotions are still raw. It is the intensity of her vision, the raw emotion, that is so impressive. If passion, poetry and raw emotion are lacking in the current scene, there's something to be said for learning from the masters. I saw his anger, his hurt and his pain so bare and so raw. Synonyms strong, intense, passionate, fervent, vehement, powerful, violent, acute undisguised, unconcealed, unrestrained, uninhibited 3.1 Frank and realistic in the depiction of unpleasant situations. 如实坦陈的 a raw, uncompromising portrait 如实坦陈的、毫不妥协的描述。 Example sentencesExamples This is perhaps what makes his music so raw and honest - the fact that it is a base celebration of everything that's wrong in popular culture today. In contrast, Louis's work had a clear subject, was raw, simple, direct, earnest. The result the book offers up a very raw portrait of her as she confronts dark family secrets and the postpartum depression of fame. Some of the poems are pretty raw, but, hopefully they will help others to realise they are not alone. Each of the three tracks on the EP convey a sense of raw realism. They can be raw, honest, even emotional, but not stylish, and never beautiful. Some revel in the appearance of perfection, but he was raw, gritty and damn funny. They're brutal stories, raw, poignant, desperate; we can feel the character's pain, see it in the shades and contours of Miller's skewed and bulbous art. People might say they are calm but the way we've cut up the landscape here is raw, brutal, hillsides of houses brushing right up against the forest. Here is something raw, as yet uncompromised, and engaged with some sort of reality. The stories have a raw texture that lays bare the rather bleak emotional life of her repressed, and repressive environment. What I found within many of the entries was a totally uncut style of writing - writing which was personal, direct, bold, raw. I don't think anyone could entirely grasp who I am from watching the show, but what was shown was very raw and honest. The result is the most raw and real portrayal of how a rock group works and how it sometimes doesn't. It's a wise tactic, and one that helps keep her performances honest, raw and real. She felt Adam was getting the raw end of the situation. The result is raw confrontation, sometimes unpleasant in its intensity. It's a little ironic that the star once known for his raw and uncompromising comedy, has appeared in two PG-rated films this summer. His raw, blunt style appeals to the disaffected, the outcast, the romantic, the loner and the apolitical, and it always will. Like the label itself, the music is often raw, uncompromising, rebellious, and experimental. Synonyms realistic, true to life, unembellished, unvarnished, gritty, naked, bare, brutal, harsh frank, candid, honest, forthright, straightforward, direct, blunt, outspoken informal warts and all 3.2US informal (of language) coarse or crude, typically in relation to sexual matters. 〈美，非正式〉（语言）粗俗的，下流的，淫秽的 a campaign against raw lyrics in rock music Example sentencesExamples Her raw lyrics and range of styles are hard-hitting and addictive. The dialogue between the characters, while littered with profanities and raw language, is verbose and prosaic. Her fans may be shocked by the raw language in the film. But aside from the odd moment, the album gets lost amid its pumped-up ethos of hard, hard beats, raw language and stereotypical outlook. He's learned through experience that his lyrics are too raw for many ears. The author masterfully captures the narratives by using humor, raw language and thought-provoking descriptions. People offended by raw language, and even rougher depictions of street life, should steer clear. Be warned, that many of these excerpts are raw and crude. It was moving and it was funny, and her language is beautiful and raw and brutal. What impact do the raw and explicit lyrics in hip-hop music and provocative images of women in the videos have on our girls? It's got raw music, raw sensitivity, raw vocals, and raw lyrics. The language was on the raw side with the four letter word getting great mileage. On the contrary, the raw and prolix language of his novels is unabashedly unpoetic and polemical. His language is raw and delivery raucous, but his intelligent and insightful material will make you think. Synonyms unsophisticated, crude, rough, unpolished, unrefined, undeveloped 4(of the weather) cold and damp; bleak. （天气）阴冷的，湿冷的 a raw February night 2月份一个阴冷的夜晚。 Example sentencesExamples Luckily, while the weather was cold - 30 to 36 degrees - it wasn't a raw cold. They gathered on a raw February night to learn the secrets of war. The cloying heat of the cottage was replaced by the raw coldness of the night. Saturday morning was hideous - the raw wind nearly took you off your feet and the cold rain cut right through my thin jacket. It was raw, damp, dark, and dismal; the clouds were as muddy as the ground; and the short perspective of every street and avenue, was closed up by the mist as by a filthy curtain. The dreary skies and raw weather suggested November, not mid-May. A climb out of the woods brought the shock of the raw, cold, outside world, and a bracing but easy track back. Synonyms bleak, cold, chilly, chilling, chill, freezing, icy, icy-cold, wintry, bitter, biting, piercing, penetrating, sharp, keen, damp, wet informal nippy British informal parky 5New to an activity or job and therefore lacking experience or skill. （人）生疏无知的，稚嫩的，无阅历的，无经验的；未经训练的 they were replaced by raw recruits 他们为新兵所取代。 Example sentencesExamples We were raw recruits, all looking alike, equally uncomfortable in their new outfits. He has good hands, but he is raw, needs experience and must work on his route running. He was a little annoyed by the fact that his team were raw recruits; they jostled each other and joked about in a way that he found most irritating and unprofessional. Earlier this week I went to a catering college in West London to meet my latest batch of raw recruits and train them up in just four days to cook in a busy London restaurant. Almost half of today's Army is married - some of them raw recruits. Brigadier Monro's staff of 600 Army personnel and 200 civilians will help to turn raw recruits into trained soldiers. The troops were raw, lacked combat experience, and were inadequately trained They raised a force of 6,000 to join the army - raw recruits, including many London apprentices. These were exceptions largely brought about by incompetent leadership, raw recruits, a disdain for the enemy, and involving an element of tactical surprise. As skilled workers become more scarce, employers must provide more training to promising but raw recruits. Owners with money don't really need to evaluate raw talent, just buy players who are greedy. They had gone from raw recruits to men of honor in a year, and so had he. His raw skills and competitiveness make him a terrific prospect, but the learning curve will continue to be steep. These reservists are not raw recruits: they include among their ranks a deputy brigade commander and a fighter pilot. His skills are raw, but he progressed enough to start on the right side by the end of his rookie season. The modest brick building at the heart of Europe's biggest military base has become refuge to thousands of raw recruits. His skills were raw, and he had difficulty defending the run and getting a push up the middle on passing downs. All I remember is that his skills were very raw, but that he was a very, very strong man who hit hard. The unit has the raw talent and experience to compete with anyone and appears to have the best chemistry of any grouping. It populated the battalion partly with soldiers who had gone through basic training elsewhere as tank destroyer crewmen and partly with raw recruits. Synonyms inexperienced, new, lacking experience, untrained, unskilled, unpractised, untried, untested, unseasoned, untutored, unschooled callow, immature, green, ignorant, naive, unsophisticated informal wet behind the ears 6(of the edge of a piece of cloth) not having a hem or selvedge. （布料边缘）无褶边的，无织边的；毛的，未精缝的 oversewing is used to neaten raw edges Example sentencesExamples With right sides together, place one back panel on an appliquéd front panel, aligning the raw edges on one short end. It has a two-way full-zip front and raw edge stitch styling. Serge-finish the raw edges and seam with a straight stitch. Baste the folded trim strip to the fabric band, matching the long raw edges. Make sure the loop stitching on the underside is covering the hem raw edge. Stitch again within the seam allowances, or serge or zigzag the raw edges. Sew the short ends together to form a circle then fold it in half with wrong sides together so the raw edges meet. Simply make the vest in fabric, then again in lining, sandwich the wrong sides together and bind all outer edges to finish the raw edge. To machine-stitch a blind hem, fold up the hem, then turn back the garment just below the hem raw edge. Serge or zigzag the raw edges with matching thread. For a fine finish on short-haired furs, finish the raw edge with seam binding and secure the hem with double catch-stitching as noted above. Wrap the fabric to the seat bottom, tuck under raw edge, and staple every inch or so. Beginning on the T-shirt neckline wrong side and on the right shoulder seam, place the elastic on the neck opening, aligning the raw edges. Fold the pressed edge over the opposite raw edge and stitch down the entire length. If you have a taste for the couture side of sewing, try a Hong Kong finish on all raw edges. Showcase a variety of fabrics on the one side, featuring curved piecing and bias bars covering all raw edges. Make a small diagonal clip through both the hem allowance and facing at the corner where the two raw edges intersect. Work on a protected surface and place a piece of waxed paper over the fabric, exposing just the narrow raw edge. Line up the left edge of the zipper tape with the raw edge of the left seam allowance and pin in place through the seam allowance only. The raw edge will be tucked away inside the first fold, unexposed on either the outside or inside, and therefore won't fray. 7South African derogatory From a traditional tribal or rural culture. 〈南非，贬〉（非洲黑人）源自传统部落（或乡村）文化的 they are mainly raw tribesmen who are intensely conservative Phrases come the raw prawn informal Attempt to deceive. don't come the raw prawn with me mate, I can get it at home for that price Example sentencesExamples The Attorney General admits that the government might actually come the raw prawn and say now. She has my vote for most improved, coming the raw prawn notwithstanding. The show's writer said, "We found very early on that cheap shots weren't going to cut it. There are no cheap shots". He wouldn't be coming the raw prawn, would he? Some people would think that is trying to come the raw prawn, but I think there is a sensible argument there. Don't play funny buggers with me, mate. Don't try coming the raw prawn here and now, alright? He's bunged on the quinella by coming the raw prawn over the workers friends in Canberra. Ed's coming the raw prawn there; he knows full well that publicity people send out "guest lists" all the time. He has taken to telling Australians that they need to be 'proper' Australians, and treat women as equals and generally not 'come the raw prawn' with him. "You'll always be coming the raw prawn", said Lester to a uniform groan. in the raw 1In its true state; in a starkly realistic way. he didn't much care for nature in the raw 他不大喜欢原始的大自然。 Example sentencesExamples For nature in the raw, push inland to the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. Such wild areas, like the Lake District and the Scottish Highlands, far from being examples of nature in the raw, were the products of a high level of human intervention and invention. She told us very early on that we were all diamonds in the raw and that we needed refining. I switched off the telly and settled down to what I thought would be half an hour of savage nature in the raw! Those of us who can't or won't brave nature in the raw should never underestimate the power of the local swimming pool, in providing that vital link with our ancestral past. It's a moment of open savagery, nature in the raw. Like mud, diamonds - which look like dull pebbles in the raw state, and only reveal their beauty when cut and polished - attracted very little attention when first discovered by early man. Experiencing nature in the raw can gave us all a better sense of perspective. He was the sole doctor for several hundred square miles and experienced all forms of medicine in the raw. Nothing is staged, nothing is acted, life is shown in the raw, like it really is. 2Naked. I slept in the raw 我裸体而眠。 Synonyms naked, nude, bare, in the nude, stark naked, with nothing on, stripped, unclothed, undressed, uncovered, in a state of nature, disrobed, unclad, undraped, exposed a raw deal informal A situation in which someone receives unfair or harsh treatment. pensioners have had a raw deal Example sentencesExamples Counsel for the Member of Parliament yesterday attempted to guillotine the judgement passed on the appellant suggesting that his client had been given a raw deal. Gloucestershire education chiefs say they have been given another raw deal following the government's latest round of education funding. Are we getting a rough deal from our energy providers? Women academics continue to get a raw deal. Finally, anyone who feels they received a very raw deal by being sold the endowment in the first place may be able to claim compensation. She warns that even if the December text is agreed to, it still offers a raw deal to developing countries, and would result in a ‘host of legal and bureaucratic red tape’. There are a variety of reasons why these farmers and growers feel they are being given a rough deal. touch someone on the raw Upset someone by referring to a subject about which they are extremely sensitive. 触及…的痛处 you've touched him on the raw—no man likes to have his driving criticized Derivatives rawish adjective rawly adverb The role of the UN has been rawly exposed in the current crisis. Example sentencesExamples ‘Barely’ he acknowledged rawly, and I nodded this time, and wrapped an arm around him. Her view of her homeland may be ambivalent but it is rawly accurate. The orchestral sound was revelatory, specifically for the way the instruments paradoxically seemed to gain a new individuality, rawly expressive, yet to be part of a more than usually cohesive ensemble. rawness noun ˈrɔːnəsˈrɔnəs The work was so powerful and so very disturbing and I cried at a couple of points because of the rawness and honesty. Example sentencesExamples The rawness of his ruthlessness was there for all to see. He says the rawness of the genre continues to enthrall him. I suppose you never lose the sensitivity and the rawness that an unpleasant comment can bring to you. The rawness of his nature is an integral part of his incredible success. Origin Old English hrēaw, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rauw and German roh, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kreas 'raw flesh'. This Old English word shares an ancient root with Greek kreas ‘raw flesh’. In Australian English a stupid person can be referred to as a prawn (ME of unknown origin), and to come the raw prawn is to attempt to deceive someone, presumably by pretending that you are too simple to cheat. Rhymes abhor, adore, afore, anymore, ashore, awe, bandore, Bangalore, before, boar, Boer, bore, caw, chore, claw, cocksure, comprador, cor, core, corps, craw, Delors, deplore, door, draw, drawer, evermore, explore, flaw, floor, for, forbore, fore, foresaw, forevermore, forswore, four, fourscore, furthermore, Gábor, galore, gnaw, gore, grantor, guarantor, guffaw, hard-core, Haugh, haw, hoar, ignore, implore, Indore, interwar, jaw, Johor, Lahore, law, lessor, lor, lore, macaw, man-o'-war, maw, mirador, mor, more, mortgagor, Mysore, nevermore, nor, oar, obligor, offshore, onshore, open-jaw, or, ore, outdoor, outwore, paw, poor, pore, pour, rapport, roar, saw, scaur, score, senhor, señor, shaw, ship-to-shore, shop-floor, shore, signor, Singapore, snore, soar, softcore, sore, spore, store, straw, swore, Tagore, tau, taw, thaw, Thor, threescore, tor, tore, torr, trapdoor, tug-of-war, two-by-four, underfloor, underscore, war, warrantor, Waugh, whore, withdraw, wore, yaw, yore, your adj.1 phr. Definition of raw in US English: raw adjectiverôrɔ 1(of food) uncooked. （食物）生的，未经烹煮的 raw eggs 生蛋。 salsify can be eaten raw in salads or cooked 婆罗门参可以凉拌着吃或煮熟了吃。 Example sentencesExamples Eating diets that consist of only raw, uncooked foods is a small but influential trend. She stood there in flip-flops and an orange silk blouse, cooking soy-sauced strips of raw beef. Perishable food, such as raw or cooked meat and poultry, must be kept cold or frozen at the store and at home. Pregnant women should avoid foods made with raw or partially cooked eggs, like egg nog and hollandaise sauce. He's thinking about opening another shop, and perhaps a restaurant where you could choose your slab of raw meat for cooking. Eat only cooked foods and not raw, which are harder to digest. Joey had bought a packet of sausages for them, at the greengrocer's nearby, and together they cooked the raw meat over the fire. Avoid uncooked food, such as raw fruits and vegetables, instead sticking to cooked veggies and meats. Keep raw and cooked foods separate and use different plates and utensils for them. To avoid illness, travellers are advised not to eat shellfish or raw foods such as salad that have been washed in unboiled or unclean water. Avoid fruit juices, raw vegetables, salads, and any raw or undercooked eggs, meat, and seafood. Place cooked meats and raw items for the barbecue, as well as items more likely to be used last, on the bottom of the cooler close to the cooling source. Do not eat foods with raw or undercooked eggs, such as Caesar salad and raw cookie dough, or drink eggnog. When raw meat is cooked, the outside turns brown and the brown colour gradually spreads inwards. Both dishes were marvellous; fine raw ingredients cooked to juicy, succulent perfection and allowed to stand for themselves without the need for endless sauces and marinades. Our mothers cooked real food from raw ingredients, making magical meals out of very little. Hands should also be washed frequently while preparing foods, especially between handling raw and cooked food. Don't use raw eggs in food that will not be cooked, such as chocolate mousse or homemade mayonnaise. Keep the kitchen clean, especially when preparing raw meat, eggs, and poultry. Fresh raw beans have a crunchy sweetness; when cooked, they are rich and creamy. Synonyms uncooked, fresh 1.1 (of a material or substance) in its natural state; not yet processed or purified. （材料，物质）自然状态的，原料状态的；未加工的，未经处理的；未经净化的 raw silk 生丝。 raw sewage 未经处理的污水。 Example sentencesExamples Usually the water mixes with the raw sewage, clogging up the drainage system. The bride, given in marriage by her father Frank, looked radiant in an ivory raw silk dress with diamanté detail and long train. The bride, given in matrimony by her father Tom, looked very elegant in a gown of white raw silk, perfectly adorned with diamanté stones and full length train. I found a pink raw silk jacket with covered buttons, a soft leopard vest and a cream wool shell covered with opalescent sequins and beads. One thing you should remember - unless you have gone rustic and want to play with stone and raw wood - building materials come in standard sizes. Similar in texture and appearance to paint, these materials can be applied to almost any building material, including raw wood, drywall and steel. There were urban myths of two-headed, glow-in-the-dark fish, but even the added presence of raw sewage in our local harbour was not enough to deter us from swimming and fishing there. Large shipments of raw silk, tea, and coffee, as well as the traditional pepper and spices, also came from Asia. The bride looked stunning in an ivory and gold raw silk dress of Irish design and carried a bouquet of delicate cream roses. There'll always be a huge demand here for raw wool from Australia, provided we can keep the spindles here spinning wool and keep them away from spinning synthetics. The London Assembly has launched an investigation into why 600,000 tonnes of raw sewage was pumped into the Thames last month, killing thousands of fish. Synonyms unprocessed, untreated, unrefined, crude, natural, unmilled, unprepared, unfinished 1.2 (of information) not analyzed, evaluated, or processed for use. （信息）未经分析的；未经评价的；未经处理的；原始的，第一手的 there were a number of errors in the raw data 原始数据中存在若干误差。 Example sentencesExamples Sometimes it is justifiable to go beyond raw statistics. Besides presentation of the data in the form of diverse graphs, evaluation of the raw data is also possible. Our raw web statistics show 3.5 million visits for March. With so much raw data and so many things you can do with that data, coupled with a big random element, you are going to get lots of patterns. An article was judged as empirical if it manipulated some type of raw data in its analysis. In some studies, new analyses were performed from raw data supplied by the principal investigators. Here, we discuss some of more interesting preliminary findings garnered from a descriptive statistical analysis of the raw data. The unique relationship between analysis and raw information is essential to producing useful intelligence. I therefore wrote to a large range of other users of the questionnaire and asked for copies of their raw data so that I could carry out the requisite analyses myself. Annotation is the process of converting raw DNA sequence data into biological knowledge. I'm a bit cloudy on the dates, so I'll leave those out and just go with the raw facts. Traditional empiricists thought that perception was a two-step process: raw perception and interpretation of it. Figure 4 summarizes the test system, which includes the data processing software to process the raw data. I wanted to get beyond the raw statistics, the charts and the predictions. The results from analyses of the raw data are available upon request from the author. All x-ray scans are raw data with no processing of any kind. The questionnaire and raw data are available on request. The raw data are analysed by the team's DNA analysts, put into a proper format, and entered into the DNA databases. The net result is that using statistical analysis on raw primary sequence data sometimes leads to rather unlikely results. The raw data is then processed through layers of neurons. 2(of a part of the body) red and painful, especially as the result of skin abrasion. （身体部位）（尤指因皮肤擦伤）发红而疼痛的 he scrubbed his hands until they were raw 他把手擦到又红又疼。 figurative Fran's nerves were raw 〈喻〉弗兰的情绪伤痛得厉害。 Example sentencesExamples Some grazes only take off the surface layer of skin leaving a raw tender area underneath, some are much deeper. My hands still bleed if I move my fingers too quickly, but the doc says the raw skin and general tenderness will gradually go away. The wounds were still too raw and painful for the fragile bandages to be removed. Annie removed the towel from his injury exposing the raw pink skin underneath. I scrubbed until my skin was raw. He picked himself up, his hands were raw and skinned. This potent grease-cutting chemical melts away the first few layers of skin on my hands, leaving them dry, cracked and painfully raw. She pleaded, wincing as she rubbed her raw skin. She rubbed her skin, it was raw and ached at the touch. After scrubbing down so hard that my skin was raw I finally got out. Stiff muscles and raw skin make basic movements extremely difficult. Mischa scooped out some creamy-white ointment and carefully applied it to the raw, bloody skin on Hazel's right leg and foot, gently rubbing it into the sore skin. He scrubbed his skin until it was raw and red, stopping to look down at a tattoo on his right upper arm. Riders were getting their raw and ripped skin attended to by the St John's volunteers and others were getting more serious injuries like broken bones assessed by doctors on the scene. I was still furiously wiping at my eyes with my sleeve, and my skin was raw from the friction. It tore at his skin, ripping it raw and re-opening his chapped lips so they bled painfully. Without looking, Otto knew the skin was open and raw underneath. Gingerly flexing my wrists, I see the skin underneath is raw and blistered. ‘She hit me,’ he said, his voice subdued as he raised his hand up to his face, rubbing the raw skin. Washing your hands so often that that your skin is raw and bleeding - that I can see too. Synonyms sore, red, inflamed, painful, sensitive, tender 3(of an emotion or quality) strong and undisguised. （感情，品质）强烈的，不掩饰的，赤裸裸的；坦诚的 he exuded an air of raw, vibrant masculinity 他透出一种豪放的、活跃的阳刚之气。 Example sentencesExamples Reading about it obviously brought a lot of raw emotions and memories to the forefront of people's minds. Well, you know, the emotions are still raw in this city, even a couple of years later. If you don't know by now that you're going to get a lot of raw emotion here, then you're never going to figure that out. It would be a shame, this team has worked so hard all year and the passion and raw emotion with which they play is something this competition needs desperately. The emotion was raw, the anger was genuine and the agony was heartfelt. The emotions are so raw for so long that you wonder whether you can handle any kind of involvement. But she says she is careful to reflect the grief and raw emotion of both sides equally. I saw his anger, his hurt and his pain so bare and so raw. I loved it, so much style and the raw emotion at the moment of the revelation is spectacular. Suddenly, the potential of reality TV and its raw emotions are revealed in this wonderful, bewitching, heart-warming documentary. Conveying more raw emotion than some songs with vocals, this song has soundclips of an old man accepting his fate and a gospel singer singing with guitar and keyboard. These pieces were sharp and biting, making no apologies for being unedited and written on the fly while emotions are still raw. The fast footwork, rhythmic clapping and haunting singing radiate an atmosphere of passion and raw emotion. He stated that the raw feeling of the emotions that brought him to tears is what startled him the most. Sports bring out intense feelings sometimes and my raw emotions came out. It is the intensity of her vision, the raw emotion, that is so impressive. Outwardly I cope well with these situations but inwardly, so much raw emotion and intensity I find hard to deal with at times. The event is expected to be a supercharged night of high emotion and raw nostalgia when one of the greatest adventure stories of all time will be told by the men who made it happen. Given a second chance to prove himself, he finally allows all the raw emotion to express itself through the intensity of his rap lyrics. If passion, poetry and raw emotion are lacking in the current scene, there's something to be said for learning from the masters. Synonyms strong, intense, passionate, fervent, vehement, powerful, violent, acute 3.1 Frank and realistic in the depiction of unpleasant facts or situations. 如实坦陈的 a raw, uncompromising portrait 如实坦陈的、毫不妥协的描述。 Example sentencesExamples His raw, blunt style appeals to the disaffected, the outcast, the romantic, the loner and the apolitical, and it always will. They can be raw, honest, even emotional, but not stylish, and never beautiful. I don't think anyone could entirely grasp who I am from watching the show, but what was shown was very raw and honest. People might say they are calm but the way we've cut up the landscape here is raw, brutal, hillsides of houses brushing right up against the forest. Here is something raw, as yet uncompromised, and engaged with some sort of reality. The stories have a raw texture that lays bare the rather bleak emotional life of her repressed, and repressive environment. The result the book offers up a very raw portrait of her as she confronts dark family secrets and the postpartum depression of fame. Like the label itself, the music is often raw, uncompromising, rebellious, and experimental. It's a wise tactic, and one that helps keep her performances honest, raw and real. They're brutal stories, raw, poignant, desperate; we can feel the character's pain, see it in the shades and contours of Miller's skewed and bulbous art. The result is raw confrontation, sometimes unpleasant in its intensity. The result is the most raw and real portrayal of how a rock group works and how it sometimes doesn't. This is perhaps what makes his music so raw and honest - the fact that it is a base celebration of everything that's wrong in popular culture today. She felt Adam was getting the raw end of the situation. Each of the three tracks on the EP convey a sense of raw realism. Some revel in the appearance of perfection, but he was raw, gritty and damn funny. Some of the poems are pretty raw, but, hopefully they will help others to realise they are not alone. In contrast, Louis's work had a clear subject, was raw, simple, direct, earnest. It's a little ironic that the star once known for his raw and uncompromising comedy, has appeared in two PG-rated films this summer. What I found within many of the entries was a totally uncut style of writing - writing which was personal, direct, bold, raw. Synonyms realistic, true to life, unembellished, unvarnished, gritty, naked, bare, brutal, harsh 3.2US informal (of language) coarse or crude, typically in relation to sexual matters. 〈美，非正式〉（语言）粗俗的，下流的，淫秽的 Example sentencesExamples People offended by raw language, and even rougher depictions of street life, should steer clear. The dialogue between the characters, while littered with profanities and raw language, is verbose and prosaic. It's got raw music, raw sensitivity, raw vocals, and raw lyrics. The author masterfully captures the narratives by using humor, raw language and thought-provoking descriptions. He's learned through experience that his lyrics are too raw for many ears. But aside from the odd moment, the album gets lost amid its pumped-up ethos of hard, hard beats, raw language and stereotypical outlook. What impact do the raw and explicit lyrics in hip-hop music and provocative images of women in the videos have on our girls? On the contrary, the raw and prolix language of his novels is unabashedly unpoetic and polemical. Her raw lyrics and range of styles are hard-hitting and addictive. His language is raw and delivery raucous, but his intelligent and insightful material will make you think. Her fans may be shocked by the raw language in the film. Be warned, that many of these excerpts are raw and crude. The language was on the raw side with the four letter word getting great mileage. It was moving and it was funny, and her language is beautiful and raw and brutal. Synonyms unsophisticated, crude, rough, unpolished, unrefined, undeveloped 4(of the weather) bleak, cold, and damp. （天气）阴冷的，湿冷的 a raw February night 2月份一个阴冷的夜晚。 Example sentencesExamples Luckily, while the weather was cold - 30 to 36 degrees - it wasn't a raw cold. The cloying heat of the cottage was replaced by the raw coldness of the night. They gathered on a raw February night to learn the secrets of war. The dreary skies and raw weather suggested November, not mid-May. A climb out of the woods brought the shock of the raw, cold, outside world, and a bracing but easy track back. Saturday morning was hideous - the raw wind nearly took you off your feet and the cold rain cut right through my thin jacket. It was raw, damp, dark, and dismal; the clouds were as muddy as the ground; and the short perspective of every street and avenue, was closed up by the mist as by a filthy curtain. Synonyms bleak, cold, chilly, chilling, chill, freezing, icy, icy-cold, wintry, bitter, biting, piercing, penetrating, sharp, keen, damp, wet 5(of a person) new to an activity or job and therefore lacking experience or skill. （人）生疏无知的，稚嫩的，无阅历的，无经验的；未经训练的 they were replaced by raw recruits 他们为新兵所取代。 Example sentencesExamples He was a little annoyed by the fact that his team were raw recruits; they jostled each other and joked about in a way that he found most irritating and unprofessional. He has good hands, but he is raw, needs experience and must work on his route running. The troops were raw, lacked combat experience, and were inadequately trained Almost half of today's Army is married - some of them raw recruits. Owners with money don't really need to evaluate raw talent, just buy players who are greedy. His raw skills and competitiveness make him a terrific prospect, but the learning curve will continue to be steep. The modest brick building at the heart of Europe's biggest military base has become refuge to thousands of raw recruits. His skills are raw, but he progressed enough to start on the right side by the end of his rookie season. These reservists are not raw recruits: they include among their ranks a deputy brigade commander and a fighter pilot. It populated the battalion partly with soldiers who had gone through basic training elsewhere as tank destroyer crewmen and partly with raw recruits. Brigadier Monro's staff of 600 Army personnel and 200 civilians will help to turn raw recruits into trained soldiers. All I remember is that his skills were very raw, but that he was a very, very strong man who hit hard. The unit has the raw talent and experience to compete with anyone and appears to have the best chemistry of any grouping. His skills were raw, and he had difficulty defending the run and getting a push up the middle on passing downs. As skilled workers become more scarce, employers must provide more training to promising but raw recruits. They had gone from raw recruits to men of honor in a year, and so had he. Earlier this week I went to a catering college in West London to meet my latest batch of raw recruits and train them up in just four days to cook in a busy London restaurant. These were exceptions largely brought about by incompetent leadership, raw recruits, a disdain for the enemy, and involving an element of tactical surprise. They raised a force of 6,000 to join the army - raw recruits, including many London apprentices. We were raw recruits, all looking alike, equally uncomfortable in their new outfits. Synonyms inexperienced, new, lacking experience, untrained, unskilled, unpractised, untried, untested, unseasoned, untutored, unschooled 6(of the edge of a piece of cloth) not having a hem or selvage. （布料边缘）无褶边的，无织边的；毛的，未精缝的 Example sentencesExamples If you have a taste for the couture side of sewing, try a Hong Kong finish on all raw edges. Showcase a variety of fabrics on the one side, featuring curved piecing and bias bars covering all raw edges. For a fine finish on short-haired furs, finish the raw edge with seam binding and secure the hem with double catch-stitching as noted above. Sew the short ends together to form a circle then fold it in half with wrong sides together so the raw edges meet. The raw edge will be tucked away inside the first fold, unexposed on either the outside or inside, and therefore won't fray. Fold the pressed edge over the opposite raw edge and stitch down the entire length. To machine-stitch a blind hem, fold up the hem, then turn back the garment just below the hem raw edge. Serge or zigzag the raw edges with matching thread. Line up the left edge of the zipper tape with the raw edge of the left seam allowance and pin in place through the seam allowance only. Serge-finish the raw edges and seam with a straight stitch. Beginning on the T-shirt neckline wrong side and on the right shoulder seam, place the elastic on the neck opening, aligning the raw edges. Make a small diagonal clip through both the hem allowance and facing at the corner where the two raw edges intersect. Stitch again within the seam allowances, or serge or zigzag the raw edges. Baste the folded trim strip to the fabric band, matching the long raw edges. Work on a protected surface and place a piece of waxed paper over the fabric, exposing just the narrow raw edge. Wrap the fabric to the seat bottom, tuck under raw edge, and staple every inch or so. It has a two-way full-zip front and raw edge stitch styling. Make sure the loop stitching on the underside is covering the hem raw edge. With right sides together, place one back panel on an appliquéd front panel, aligning the raw edges on one short end. Simply make the vest in fabric, then again in lining, sandwich the wrong sides together and bind all outer edges to finish the raw edge. Phrases in the raw 1In its true state; not made to seem better or more palatable than it actually is. 处于自然状态，处于蒙昧状态；原汁原味 he didn't much care for nature in the raw 他不大喜欢原始的大自然。 Example sentencesExamples Experiencing nature in the raw can gave us all a better sense of perspective. Nothing is staged, nothing is acted, life is shown in the raw, like it really is. Like mud, diamonds - which look like dull pebbles in the raw state, and only reveal their beauty when cut and polished - attracted very little attention when first discovered by early man. Those of us who can't or won't brave nature in the raw should never underestimate the power of the local swimming pool, in providing that vital link with our ancestral past. For nature in the raw, push inland to the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. I switched off the telly and settled down to what I thought would be half an hour of savage nature in the raw! It's a moment of open savagery, nature in the raw. Such wild areas, like the Lake District and the Scottish Highlands, far from being examples of nature in the raw, were the products of a high level of human intervention and invention. He was the sole doctor for several hundred square miles and experienced all forms of medicine in the raw. She told us very early on that we were all diamonds in the raw and that we needed refining. 2(of a person) naked. 〈非正式〉（人）赤裸的，裸体的 I slept in the raw 我裸体而眠。 Synonyms naked, nude, bare, in the nude, stark naked, with nothing on, stripped, unclothed, undressed, uncovered, in a state of nature, disrobed, unclad, undraped, exposed a raw deal informal A situation in which someone receives unfair or harsh treatment. Example sentencesExamples Are we getting a rough deal from our energy providers? Counsel for the Member of Parliament yesterday attempted to guillotine the judgement passed on the appellant suggesting that his client had been given a raw deal. Finally, anyone who feels they received a very raw deal by being sold the endowment in the first place may be able to claim compensation. Gloucestershire education chiefs say they have been given another raw deal following the government's latest round of education funding. She warns that even if the December text is agreed to, it still offers a raw deal to developing countries, and would result in a ‘host of legal and bureaucratic red tape’. Women academics continue to get a raw deal. There are a variety of reasons why these farmers and growers feel they are being given a rough deal. Origin Old English hrēaw, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rauw and German roh, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kreas ‘raw flesh’. adj.1 phr.
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