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词汇 examination
释义

Definition of examination in English:

examination

noun ɪɡˌzamɪˈneɪʃ(ə)nɛɡˌzamɪˈneɪʃ(ə)nɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃ(ə)n
  • 1A detailed inspection or study.

    检查;调查

    an examination of marketing behaviour

    市场行为调查。

    a medical examination is conducted without delay

    及时进行体检。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • These variations would have been found in surgical exploration and, most of them, in radiologic examinations.
    • ECG and cardiac ultrasound examinations were reviewed by a cardiologist.
    • The other physical findings and neurologic examinations were unremarkable.
    • Seventeen of his patients had fatal angina confirmed by autopsy examinations.
    • Neurological examination between seizures had normal results, and otherwise she was completely well.
    • You will be asked about your medical history and you will have a full examination, including checks on your heart and lungs.
    • Radiologic and cytologic examinations may cause misinterpretation of such lesions as thyroid tumors.
    • Management begins with a careful examination to rule out neurologic or vascular deficits.
    • This includes more ultrasound examinations to detect intrauterine growth retardation.
    • Yearly ophthalmological examinations are important to assess for retinopathy.
    • The authors advocate this management option in those patients who can be followed closely with clinical and radiological examinations.
    • But the BMJ queried whether these conclusions had been drawn from an examination of the study's raw data.
    • Detailed shoulder examinations were performed of both sides to assess range of motion, strength, and stability.
    • A neurological examination is performed to look for any signs of brain dysfunction.
    • Neurologic and vascular examinations of the upper extremity should be completed and documented.
    • One independent experienced radiologist evaluated all the MRI examinations.
    • Ophthalmological examination showed bilateral cataracts by 3 weeks of age.
    • A closer examination of this study and of the literature, however, puts the problem into perspective.
    • Screening clinical and functional examinations preceded CT studies of the lungs.
    • Neurological examinations are performed by the neurologist or surgeon during this part of the procedure.
    • Careful physical and neurologic examinations can enable the physician to exclude organic causes.
    Synonyms
    scrutiny, inspection, perusal, study, scanning, vetting, investigation, exploration, consideration, analysis, appraisal, evaluation
    inspection, check, check-up, assessment, review, appraisal
    exploration, probe, test, scan
    informal going-over, once-over, overhaul
    1. 1.1mass noun The action or process of conducting an examination.
      (指动作或过程)检查;调查
      the role of the planning system has come under increasing critical examination

      计划体制的作用已在接受越来越严格的调查。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • His study, conducted over five years of intensive examination, reveal that the toad will be extinct within two years.
      • All of them hope to discourage any critical examination of the real causes of the current situation.
      • His van has also been sent to a police laboratory for examination.
      • These should be served before any examination for discovery is conducted.
      • The SWP are indifferent to any critical historical examination of the role played by the trade unions.
      • All were released on police bail while forensic examination of substances found takes place.
      • But the allegations about his conduct crumble on examination, he says.
      • Finally, I think it necessary to open up to critical examination all of what we call Zen.
      • Most impressive was the solid critical examination the exhibit gave to issues of race and gender.
      • Second Thoughts, without any critical examination of the information he peddled as fact.
      • Soft modernity implies philosophical issues and critical examination of traditional beliefs.
      • Ordinary critical examination of sources, indeed, any effort to discover the truth, was regarded as a serious moral lapse.
      • It was found on fire around two hours later at Coalpit Lane, Denaby, and has since been recovered by police for forensic examination.
      • How we are to know that it is good for us without thorough examination through parliamentary processes is not explained.
      • It calls for renewed examination of the processes whereby those families have been divided in the first place.
      • No intellectual development, no critical examination of the tenets of their faith.
      • The cathedral there fascinated him and was the object of his deepest study and examination.
      • At the very least, psychoanalysis deserves informed critical examination rather than simple dismissal.
      • He himself subjects his work to a rigorous process of examination and re-examination.
      • It is wonderful to see a mind that is so exquisitely attuned to critical examination at work in the moment, the moment of his own life.
  • 2A formal test of a person's knowledge or proficiency in a subject or skill.

    (正规)考试

    he scraped through the examinations at the end of his first year

    第一年年底,他各门考试勉强及格。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • It means they are on their own on the final hurdle of a seemingly endless slog of course work, mock examinations, orals, practicals and revision which began in year nine.
    • I did some extra subjects, I think I did nine subjects in the leaving examination and got a few credits.
    • Various skills of the student are tested in an entrance examination.
    • You and your child will be faced with plenty of tests and formal examinations in the years to come.
    • Fresh from residency in a community based hospital, I felt as if these figures from medical school clinical examinations had come back to haunt me.
    • Almost all the universities in the State have a calendar for the conduct of examination.
    • The winner is selected on the marks achieved in written, practical and oral examinations along with project work.
    • By the time they have cleared the school examinations, professional entrance tests are upon them, catching them unawares.
    • Others are choosing to demonstrate competency by completing the proficiency examinations in one or more of these areas.
    • The objective tests in the entrance examinations hardly speak of the candidate's knowledge, aptitude and attitude.
    • They are so well-tutored, so disciplined, that they almost relish such examinations of skill and character.
    • Within an IB Program students are required to complete and take examinations in six IB subjects.
    • MacCullagh entered for the highly competitive fellowship examination, conducted orally in Latin.
    • Although most of the people discussing this topic were not of the age to sit Proficiency we had examinations each term and took them seriously.
    • She said she could not wait for the November examination because the test paper would be based on a new syllabus.
    • Many of these observations deserve to be, and have been, the subject of book-length examinations.
    • The fact remains that young people face a battery of examinations and tests.
    • The authority also decided not to offer examinations in eight subjects from 2007 because of a decreasing number of candidates.
    • Results in national tests and examinations in the last three years were found to be below average.
    • They had the effect of determining at what level students would be entered for 16 + public examinations and in what subjects.
    Synonyms
    test, exam, paper, question paper, oral, practical, assessment
    set of questions, set of exercises
    British viva, viva voce
    North American quiz
  • 3Law
    The formal questioning of a defendant or witness in court.

    〔律〕(对被告或证人的)讯问

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The defence could have enforced an examination of that person by resorting to the Rules of Procedure.
    • A party has inherent right to be present at the examination for discovery of the opposite party.
    • He has the same powers as the court in respect of the attendance and the examination of witnesses and the production of documents.
    • For example, the trial system demands examination and cross-examination of witnesses.
    • At the Inquest examination of witnesses will bring out more evidence and detail.
    • Generally speaking, judges have broad powers in directing the examination of witnesses.
    • His subsequent examination of the witness statements of family and friends do not cause him to alter this view.
    • The defendant brought a motion to compel the attendance of the plaintiff at an examination for discovery.
    • There followed a prolonged sensation in court, which interrupted the examination of the witness.
    • Many of the undertakings given on the Plaintiffs' examinations for discovery are still outstanding.
    • Jacob couldn't even listen to the examination of the prosecution's next witness.
    • Yes, and a whole lot of examinations before liquidators in current proceedings in the Supreme Court by ACT against directors.
    • The plaintiffs have never conducted examinations for discovery.
    • Mr Baer's first report was prepared as a result of his examination of the claimant on 19th April 1996.
    • It is evidence that is a result of an examination occurring after trial.
    • In other words, are there any constraints to apply to the examination of the complainant in the later case.
    • In the present case each of the letters of request contains an express statement as to the purpose for which the examination of the witness is sought.
    • Mr. Sammon submits that the party conducting an examination of the witness has an obligation to be fair to the witness.
    • During the examination of witnesses, each of the Counsel had, at times, to put questions to the witnesses.
    • He will suffer great expense if required to attend here for examinations, pre-trial and trial.
    Synonyms
    questioning, interrogation, cross-questioning, cross-examination, inquisition
    the third degree
    informal pumping, grilling

Origin

Late Middle English (also in the sense 'testing (one's conscience) by a standard'): via Old French from Latin examinatio(n-), from examinare 'weigh, test' (see examine).

Definition of examination in US English:

examination

nouniɡˌzaməˈnāSH(ə)nɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃ(ə)n
  • 1A detailed inspection or investigation.

    检查;调查

    an examination of marketing behavior

    市场行为调查。

    a medical examination is conducted without delay

    及时进行体检。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Neurological examination between seizures had normal results, and otherwise she was completely well.
    • Seventeen of his patients had fatal angina confirmed by autopsy examinations.
    • This includes more ultrasound examinations to detect intrauterine growth retardation.
    • Ophthalmological examination showed bilateral cataracts by 3 weeks of age.
    • You will be asked about your medical history and you will have a full examination, including checks on your heart and lungs.
    • These variations would have been found in surgical exploration and, most of them, in radiologic examinations.
    • Neurologic and vascular examinations of the upper extremity should be completed and documented.
    • A closer examination of this study and of the literature, however, puts the problem into perspective.
    • Detailed shoulder examinations were performed of both sides to assess range of motion, strength, and stability.
    • Careful physical and neurologic examinations can enable the physician to exclude organic causes.
    • Radiologic and cytologic examinations may cause misinterpretation of such lesions as thyroid tumors.
    • The other physical findings and neurologic examinations were unremarkable.
    • The authors advocate this management option in those patients who can be followed closely with clinical and radiological examinations.
    • Neurological examinations are performed by the neurologist or surgeon during this part of the procedure.
    • ECG and cardiac ultrasound examinations were reviewed by a cardiologist.
    • A neurological examination is performed to look for any signs of brain dysfunction.
    • Yearly ophthalmological examinations are important to assess for retinopathy.
    • But the BMJ queried whether these conclusions had been drawn from an examination of the study's raw data.
    • Screening clinical and functional examinations preceded CT studies of the lungs.
    • One independent experienced radiologist evaluated all the MRI examinations.
    • Management begins with a careful examination to rule out neurologic or vascular deficits.
    Synonyms
    scrutiny, inspection, perusal, study, scanning, vetting, investigation, exploration, consideration, analysis, appraisal, evaluation
    inspection, check, check-up, assessment, review, appraisal
    1. 1.1 The action or process of conducting an inspection or investigation.
      (指动作或过程)检查;调查
      the treaty is under examination by the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
      Example sentencesExamples
      • His study, conducted over five years of intensive examination, reveal that the toad will be extinct within two years.
      • It was found on fire around two hours later at Coalpit Lane, Denaby, and has since been recovered by police for forensic examination.
      • Most impressive was the solid critical examination the exhibit gave to issues of race and gender.
      • It calls for renewed examination of the processes whereby those families have been divided in the first place.
      • At the very least, psychoanalysis deserves informed critical examination rather than simple dismissal.
      • His van has also been sent to a police laboratory for examination.
      • The cathedral there fascinated him and was the object of his deepest study and examination.
      • Second Thoughts, without any critical examination of the information he peddled as fact.
      • He himself subjects his work to a rigorous process of examination and re-examination.
      • Soft modernity implies philosophical issues and critical examination of traditional beliefs.
      • Finally, I think it necessary to open up to critical examination all of what we call Zen.
      • But the allegations about his conduct crumble on examination, he says.
      • It is wonderful to see a mind that is so exquisitely attuned to critical examination at work in the moment, the moment of his own life.
      • The SWP are indifferent to any critical historical examination of the role played by the trade unions.
      • No intellectual development, no critical examination of the tenets of their faith.
      • Ordinary critical examination of sources, indeed, any effort to discover the truth, was regarded as a serious moral lapse.
      • All were released on police bail while forensic examination of substances found takes place.
      • All of them hope to discourage any critical examination of the real causes of the current situation.
      • How we are to know that it is good for us without thorough examination through parliamentary processes is not explained.
      • These should be served before any examination for discovery is conducted.
  • 2A formal test of a person's knowledge or proficiency in a particular subject or skill.

    (正规)考试

    he scraped through the examinations at the end of his first year

    第一年年底,他各门考试勉强及格。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • It means they are on their own on the final hurdle of a seemingly endless slog of course work, mock examinations, orals, practicals and revision which began in year nine.
    • Within an IB Program students are required to complete and take examinations in six IB subjects.
    • The authority also decided not to offer examinations in eight subjects from 2007 because of a decreasing number of candidates.
    • The fact remains that young people face a battery of examinations and tests.
    • Almost all the universities in the State have a calendar for the conduct of examination.
    • The winner is selected on the marks achieved in written, practical and oral examinations along with project work.
    • Others are choosing to demonstrate competency by completing the proficiency examinations in one or more of these areas.
    • Although most of the people discussing this topic were not of the age to sit Proficiency we had examinations each term and took them seriously.
    • She said she could not wait for the November examination because the test paper would be based on a new syllabus.
    • Fresh from residency in a community based hospital, I felt as if these figures from medical school clinical examinations had come back to haunt me.
    • By the time they have cleared the school examinations, professional entrance tests are upon them, catching them unawares.
    • The objective tests in the entrance examinations hardly speak of the candidate's knowledge, aptitude and attitude.
    • They are so well-tutored, so disciplined, that they almost relish such examinations of skill and character.
    • You and your child will be faced with plenty of tests and formal examinations in the years to come.
    • Many of these observations deserve to be, and have been, the subject of book-length examinations.
    • They had the effect of determining at what level students would be entered for 16 + public examinations and in what subjects.
    • Various skills of the student are tested in an entrance examination.
    • I did some extra subjects, I think I did nine subjects in the leaving examination and got a few credits.
    • MacCullagh entered for the highly competitive fellowship examination, conducted orally in Latin.
    • Results in national tests and examinations in the last three years were found to be below average.
    Synonyms
    test, exam, paper, question paper, oral, practical, assessment
  • 3Law
    The formal questioning of a witness in court.

    〔律〕(对被告或证人的)讯问

    Example sentencesExamples
    • In the present case each of the letters of request contains an express statement as to the purpose for which the examination of the witness is sought.
    • In other words, are there any constraints to apply to the examination of the complainant in the later case.
    • Yes, and a whole lot of examinations before liquidators in current proceedings in the Supreme Court by ACT against directors.
    • For example, the trial system demands examination and cross-examination of witnesses.
    • Many of the undertakings given on the Plaintiffs' examinations for discovery are still outstanding.
    • The plaintiffs have never conducted examinations for discovery.
    • At the Inquest examination of witnesses will bring out more evidence and detail.
    • It is evidence that is a result of an examination occurring after trial.
    • During the examination of witnesses, each of the Counsel had, at times, to put questions to the witnesses.
    • Generally speaking, judges have broad powers in directing the examination of witnesses.
    • The defence could have enforced an examination of that person by resorting to the Rules of Procedure.
    • He has the same powers as the court in respect of the attendance and the examination of witnesses and the production of documents.
    • A party has inherent right to be present at the examination for discovery of the opposite party.
    • Mr Baer's first report was prepared as a result of his examination of the claimant on 19th April 1996.
    • His subsequent examination of the witness statements of family and friends do not cause him to alter this view.
    • Mr. Sammon submits that the party conducting an examination of the witness has an obligation to be fair to the witness.
    • Jacob couldn't even listen to the examination of the prosecution's next witness.
    • The defendant brought a motion to compel the attendance of the plaintiff at an examination for discovery.
    • He will suffer great expense if required to attend here for examinations, pre-trial and trial.
    • There followed a prolonged sensation in court, which interrupted the examination of the witness.
    Synonyms
    questioning, interrogation, cross-questioning, cross-examination, inquisition

Origin

Late Middle English (also in the sense ‘testing (one's conscience) by a standard’): via Old French from Latin examinatio(n-), from examinare ‘weigh, test’ (see examine).

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