Definition of pencil in English:

pencil

nounPlural pencils ˈpɛns(ə)lˈpɛnsɪlˈpɛnsəl

1An instrument for writing or drawing, consisting of a thin stick of graphite or a similar substance enclosed in a long thin piece of wood or fixed in a cylindrical case.
铅笔
have a pencil and paper ready
as modifier a pencil drawing
Example sentencesExamples
- In the lush green lawns, they got busy with their drawing sheets, pencils and of course their creativity.
- After hours of trying to elicit any scrap of detail about his life, someone had the idea of leaving him with a drawing pad and pencils.
- I always think of myself as a kid in the street with a pencil and piece of paper, watching other people.
- He would give me some paper and a pencil and I would imitate him, making marks on paper.
- Architects educated during these two decades have seen their standard tools transformed, for better or worse, from pencils to laptops.
- I rustled through pens, crumpled pieces of paper, pencils, candy wrappers, and junk that I had no idea was even in my back pack.
- Use a pencil and piece of paper to rearrange the letters of a word, and then decipher them.
- Common complimentary gifts include plastic bags, ballpoint pens, pencils, writing pads, water bottles and paper cups.
- Usually at the end of each day, I pull out the coloured pencils and drawing pad for my son.
- She then took a sketchpad from her handbag, along with some drawing pencils and an eraser.
- He ran out carrying a stack of blank papers, a bunch of crayons, pencils, charcoal sticks, a camera and a huge straw hat.
- Hardware and software is still more expensive than paper and pencils.
- I liked drawing, but I only liked drawing with my art pencils.
- There were sketchpads and drawing pencils, as well as other art materials on top of the dresser.
- He received some money from a federal welfare program and tried selling pencils.
- When I finished reading the letter, I put it down and took out a blank piece of paper and a pencil, ready to list all of the guys that fit the two clues.
- He laid the pencil and drawing paper carefully onto his bureau.
- Jessi opened her folder and pulled out various pieces of paper and pencils, passing several to each bed.
- All that's required is a pencil and a piece of paper and the self-nurtured belief that what you have to say is worth saying.
- Getting comfortable by leaning against the cab, she drew out a sketch pad and a box of drawing pencils from her bag.
1. 1.1mass noun Graphite or a similar substance used as a medium for writing or drawing.
  （写字或绘画用的）石墨芯；类似石墨芯的东西
  the words were scribbled in pencil
  那些话是用石墨芯乱写的。
  Example sentencesExamples
  It's startling at one point to see her appear in a series of photographs, her features as striking as they are in Rossetti's paint and pencil.
  Students were allowed to use graphite pencil or a very fine-tipped felt pen.
  The loops, spikes and waves of pencil in two untitled drawings from 1956 look like writing crossing itself out.
  The only thing I can think of is the old standby, pencil scribbled on the back.
  The exhibition features 80 paintings of the alumni in different art medium, be it abstract, digital, sketches in pencil or portraits.
  The latter is certainly the centre-piece (with a price tag to match) and is accompanied by two beautiful pencil and ink drawings.
  Most of the images were pencil and ink sketches, by no means family-friendly in content, with lots of whitespace.
  The resulting sketch maps were hand-drawn on blank paper in pencil and black ink.
  He was more interested in carefully re-tracing the faded pencil scribbles on his side of the desk.
  Periodically Ian kept a diary, each entry scribbled in pencil.
  These 60 drawings show Picasso's work on paper with pencil, charcoal, ink and gouache.
  What you want the eraser to get rid of - black pencil, color pencil or ink marks - determines its makeup.
  Whether working in pencil or oil, her fine draftsmanship gives each animal its own expressive identity.
  His drawings are ink and pencil explosions that look more like an obscure form of musical notation than conventional architectural images.
  I found this note scribbled in pencil on the inside cover of a book I borrowed from the University of Melbourne's Baillieu Library.
  The new writing in blue ink slightly overlapped my writing that was in pencil.
  Pictures must be drawn in pencil, black ink or charcoal so that they can be copied onto the front page.
  Noble works in pencil on paper - which doesn't sound particularly thrilling, does it?
2. 1.2usually with modifier A cosmetic in a long thin stick.
  an eyebrow pencil
  一支眉笔。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Pick a nice soft eyeliner pencil (don't be afraid to spend a bit more) and some liquid liner too.
  Use a lip liner pencil as a base coat, then apply lip color.
  She reached inside and pulled out - not mace, not pepper spray, but an eyeliner pencil.
  Powder over the lips before using a lip pencil and lipstick.
  Taking a dark purple lip liner pencil, she traced the outline of her full lips, and then filled in the outline with her favorite dark purple lipstick.
  You can find eyebrow or facial hair colored pencils at beauty supply stores or online hair supply websites.
  Apply a lash thickening mascara to your lashes and line both the upper and lower rims of your eyes with black kohl pencil.
  Use lightning-fast strokes of brow pencil to help define brows that are well-groomed.
  Before sharpening your eyeliner or lip pencil, place them in the freezer for 10 minutes.
  For eyeliners and eye brow pencils, select a shade of gray or brown or a complementary color rather than black.
  Some toilets have sharp edges in their drains that catch toilet tissue as well as items people drop in toilets, such as makeup pencils, pens and toys.
  Two girls were standing in front of the mirror, one with an eye liner pencil in her right hand.
  Taking an eyeliner pencil, I closed my eyes, stuck it between my lids, and swept it across.
  First, find a lip liner pencil in the same color or tone as your lipstick.
  He pulled out an eyeliner pencil and stroked underneath his eyes.
  She had a lot of mascara on - with dark eyeliner and pencil thin eyebrows.
  You had used only a subtle taupe pencil, which I would have thought would wash out my fair complexion.
  She got as much necklaces and bracelet's as she could find, then very timidly she picked up an eyeliner pencil.
  Exasperated, she threw down her eyeliner pencil, and merely stormed out of the room.
  The bar staff are dressed in school uniform with prefect badges and kohl pencil freckles and the clientele are sipping shrimp flavored vodka shooters.
3. 1.3 Something with the shape of a pencil.
  笔状物
  a pencil of light
  光束。
  as modifier a pencil torch
  Example sentencesExamples
  A big rubber thing with a beam like a broadsword and a pencil torch.
  There was no trace of the person responsible, except for a black pencil torch below one of the nests.
  This firm has also designed masts in the shape of a giant pencil, a sculpture and boat masts.
  She opened the driver's door, extracting as she stepped out of the car the tiny pencil torch, which she always kept in the glove compartment.
  Mark then started nipping on the edges of the pencil shaped hole.
  Fan beam and pencil beam machines can scan laterally around the side of a patient, which is useful for measuring the bone density of the lumbar spine.
  We spotted Mindbender, a freestanding pencil of solid ice that lay in a pile of chunks at the base of the cliff two days earlier.
  Prune out all canes with diameters less than a pencil width and old, brown canes that tend to be less productive.
  Synonyms
  beam, ray, shaft, finger, gleam
2Physics Geometry
A set of light rays, lines, etc. converging to or diverging narrowly from a single point.
〔物理，几何〕光线束，光线锥；线束，面束，圆束
Example sentencesExamples
- In the darkest works, the pencil lines are visible only as a sheen.
- Peepholes at strategic points along its length admitted pencils of light.
- The thin line of his pencil transcribes the desert light and, for the first time in this exhibition, a unique and unmistakable vision appears.
- These conservative pencils of light also displayed the biological diversity of the ship's crew.

verbpencils, pencilling, pencilled, penciling, penciled ˈpɛns(ə)lˈpɛnsɪlˈpɛnsəl

[with object]

Write, draw, or colour with a pencil.
用铅笔写（或画、涂色）
a previous owner has pencilled their name inside the cover
以前的一个主人用铅笔在封面内写下了他们的姓名。
Example sentencesExamples
- Now the operation has been firmly pencilled in for the beginning of March, provided there are no last-minute setbacks.
- If approved, the first market day is pencilled in for April 21.
- But there is again some doubt the pitch will be playable, so Monday has been pencilled in as an alternate date.
- In preparation, I penciled an outline of the new construction on a large sheet of butcher paper.
- The inquiries are due to take place in April, although alternative dates in June and July have been pencilled in in the event of a General Election in May.
- Dates can be pencilled in for when key management appointments should take place, thus ensuring a smooth build-up of the team.
- A second session has been pencilled in for the end of this month.
- He has now been pencilled in for a race at Christmas.
- But it was predicted today that the inquiry will probably have to extend into a third session, which has been pencilled in for July.
- Another meeting has been pencilled in for next month.
- As I write this he's pencilled it onto the canvas and judging by the noises he was making in the background as I spoke to him, he has just begun to paint.
- I've been pencilled in to race at Musselburgh on Monday and if the ground is fast I'll be off up to Scotland.
- They are pencilled in, these particulars, in an old fashioned hand, sloping and graceful.
- Turns out that my name has been pencilled against this project for some weeks now - which is partly why no other work has been coming my way.
- More than 35 events and attractions have already been pencilled in over a ten-day timetable with room for plenty more.
- Paddy and the band were originally pencilled in to play at the venue on the following night, but this has now been brought forward to Friday.
- A final decision is expected next summer but existing and former reactor sites are being pencilled in for a new generation of nuclear power plants.
- Visions of him are off limits in your daydreams, his name is never again to be penciled in your notebook, and his school picture must promptly be removed from the inside of your locker.
- A release date is pencilled in for the autumn to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Rembrandt's birth this year.
- The first concrete proposals came in 1967, with the city engineer pencilling a route just outside the city walls.
Synonyms
write, write down, jot down, note, set down, take down, inscribe
scribble, rough out, write roughly, scrawl, pen, compose, draft
formulate, draw up, dash off, put in writing, put down on paper, commit to paper, put in black and white
draw, trace, plot, chart, sketch, outline

Phrasal Verbs

pencil something in

Arrange, forecast, or note down something provisionally.
（暂时或姑且）安排，预测；记下
May 15 was pencilled in as the date for the meeting
暂定5月15日作开会的日期。
Example sentencesExamples
- In addition, even though nutrition was also not specifically listed as a factor, one-third of those surveyed pencilled it in under Health Considerations.
- But, saying that, it has been pencilled in for a while now and you have got to try and get on with it the best you can.
- Lots of banks are pencilled in for annual results next week, as the bank reporting season gets into full swing.
- The country is estimated to have oil reserves that total some 50 billion barrels, and natural gas reserves have been pencilled in at a gigantic 1,700 trillion cubic feet.
- It has been hanging over us for about three weeks since the date was pencilled in.
- Its next set of annual results are pencilled in for release towards the end of May.
- In fact, pencil it in before you finish cleaning your room-especially since you're now so organized and all.
- More recently, plans to remove the ubiquitous protruding metal pipes have been pencilled in on a very, very urgent to-do list.
- It has been making losses for the last five years, and losses have been pencilled in for the next two years too.
- A brace of house builders have been pencilled in for figures next week.
Synonyms
arrange provisionally, make as a provisional arrangement, arrange subject to confirmation, forecast tentatively

pencil someone in

Make a provisional arrangement with or for someone.
（暂时或姑且）与…安排；为…安排
he was pencilled in for surgery at the end of the month
他被暂时安排在月底动手术。
Example sentencesExamples
- The supporters' group had pencilled him in as the special guest for the February meeting on Monday prompting widespread interest.
- Then he was pencilled in - despite the fact that the Scottish Executive has no remit on international development.
- That's the earliest she could pencil me in because she's busy-busy-busy.
- She will be penciled in on the other side.
- To be honest, we have not even pencilled him in for a game yet.
- This year, the store is pencilled in for profits of £2b, rising to £2.3b the year after.
- He is pencilled in as the next man to try.
- I'd say he probably needs another reserve outing and if he comes through that then he could be pencilled in for the week after.
- The Poet Laureate has been pencilled in to headline a major North Yorkshire literary festival.
- In fact, it was good enough that we are pencilled in for next February already (just in case any of you want to escape the winter and visit next year)!

Derivatives

penciller

noun

The editor and author then discuss the script by electronic mail, telephone or fax and, when it is satisfactory, the file is transmitted to the penciler.
Example sentencesExamples
- When artwork is returned from a comic book, the penciller gets two thirds of the pages, the inker the remaining third.
- Cartoonists, sequential artists, pencillers - call 'em what you like, they all need help if they're going to do their job well.
- I just read an interview with a pretty successful comic book penciller where he says that for years he worked to break into comics and be successful in comics.
- He still has that wonderful eye that allows him to interpret another artist's work, bringing out all that the penciller intended and maximizing its impact.

Origin

Middle English (denoting a fine paintbrush): from Old French pincel, from a diminutive of Latin peniculus 'brush', diminutive of penis 'tail'. The verb was originally (early 16th century) in the sense 'paint with a fine brush'.

Although it looks as if pencil should come from pen, the words are unrelated. A pencil once meant a fine paintbrush—Johnson's dictionary defines it as ‘a small brush of hair which painters dip in their colours’. It comes from Old French pincel, from Latin penicillum ‘paintbrush’, from penis ‘tail’, from the tuft of hair at the end of some tails. The Latin penis was also used for the male organ, a use that passed into English in the late 17th century. Penicillum was also the source of the name of the drug penicillin (mid 20th century) named from the brush-like shapes of the spore containers.

Rhymes

intercensal, stencil

Definition of pencil in US English:

pencil

nounˈpɛnsəlˈpensəl

1An instrument for writing or drawing, consisting of a thin stick of graphite or a similar substance enclosed in a long thin piece of wood or fixed in a metal or plastic case.
铅笔
Example sentencesExamples
- All that's required is a pencil and a piece of paper and the self-nurtured belief that what you have to say is worth saying.
- He ran out carrying a stack of blank papers, a bunch of crayons, pencils, charcoal sticks, a camera and a huge straw hat.
- When I finished reading the letter, I put it down and took out a blank piece of paper and a pencil, ready to list all of the guys that fit the two clues.
- In the lush green lawns, they got busy with their drawing sheets, pencils and of course their creativity.
- He would give me some paper and a pencil and I would imitate him, making marks on paper.
- I always think of myself as a kid in the street with a pencil and piece of paper, watching other people.
- I liked drawing, but I only liked drawing with my art pencils.
- Common complimentary gifts include plastic bags, ballpoint pens, pencils, writing pads, water bottles and paper cups.
- Hardware and software is still more expensive than paper and pencils.
- Architects educated during these two decades have seen their standard tools transformed, for better or worse, from pencils to laptops.
- There were sketchpads and drawing pencils, as well as other art materials on top of the dresser.
- She then took a sketchpad from her handbag, along with some drawing pencils and an eraser.
- Usually at the end of each day, I pull out the coloured pencils and drawing pad for my son.
- He received some money from a federal welfare program and tried selling pencils.
- Getting comfortable by leaning against the cab, she drew out a sketch pad and a box of drawing pencils from her bag.
- He laid the pencil and drawing paper carefully onto his bureau.
- I rustled through pens, crumpled pieces of paper, pencils, candy wrappers, and junk that I had no idea was even in my back pack.
- Jessi opened her folder and pulled out various pieces of paper and pencils, passing several to each bed.
- Use a pencil and piece of paper to rearrange the letters of a word, and then decipher them.
- After hours of trying to elicit any scrap of detail about his life, someone had the idea of leaving him with a drawing pad and pencils.
1. 1.1 Graphite or a similar substance used as a medium for writing or drawing.
  （写字或绘画用的）石墨芯；类似石墨芯的东西
  the words were scribbled in pencil
  那些话是用石墨芯乱写的。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Whether working in pencil or oil, her fine draftsmanship gives each animal its own expressive identity.
  The only thing I can think of is the old standby, pencil scribbled on the back.
  His drawings are ink and pencil explosions that look more like an obscure form of musical notation than conventional architectural images.
  He was more interested in carefully re-tracing the faded pencil scribbles on his side of the desk.
  Students were allowed to use graphite pencil or a very fine-tipped felt pen.
  It's startling at one point to see her appear in a series of photographs, her features as striking as they are in Rossetti's paint and pencil.
  I found this note scribbled in pencil on the inside cover of a book I borrowed from the University of Melbourne's Baillieu Library.
  Pictures must be drawn in pencil, black ink or charcoal so that they can be copied onto the front page.
  Most of the images were pencil and ink sketches, by no means family-friendly in content, with lots of whitespace.
  These 60 drawings show Picasso's work on paper with pencil, charcoal, ink and gouache.
  The loops, spikes and waves of pencil in two untitled drawings from 1956 look like writing crossing itself out.
  The new writing in blue ink slightly overlapped my writing that was in pencil.
  The resulting sketch maps were hand-drawn on blank paper in pencil and black ink.
  The latter is certainly the centre-piece (with a price tag to match) and is accompanied by two beautiful pencil and ink drawings.
  Periodically Ian kept a diary, each entry scribbled in pencil.
  What you want the eraser to get rid of - black pencil, color pencil or ink marks - determines its makeup.
  Noble works in pencil on paper - which doesn't sound particularly thrilling, does it?
  The exhibition features 80 paintings of the alumni in different art medium, be it abstract, digital, sketches in pencil or portraits.
2. 1.2usually with modifier A cosmetic in a long thin stick, designed to be applied to a particular part of the face.
  （用于脸部的）化妆笔
  an eyebrow pencil
  一支眉笔。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Use a lip liner pencil as a base coat, then apply lip color.
  First, find a lip liner pencil in the same color or tone as your lipstick.
  Apply a lash thickening mascara to your lashes and line both the upper and lower rims of your eyes with black kohl pencil.
  Use lightning-fast strokes of brow pencil to help define brows that are well-groomed.
  Two girls were standing in front of the mirror, one with an eye liner pencil in her right hand.
  She had a lot of mascara on - with dark eyeliner and pencil thin eyebrows.
  He pulled out an eyeliner pencil and stroked underneath his eyes.
  For eyeliners and eye brow pencils, select a shade of gray or brown or a complementary color rather than black.
  Before sharpening your eyeliner or lip pencil, place them in the freezer for 10 minutes.
  Some toilets have sharp edges in their drains that catch toilet tissue as well as items people drop in toilets, such as makeup pencils, pens and toys.
  She got as much necklaces and bracelet's as she could find, then very timidly she picked up an eyeliner pencil.
  Exasperated, she threw down her eyeliner pencil, and merely stormed out of the room.
  Powder over the lips before using a lip pencil and lipstick.
  Pick a nice soft eyeliner pencil (don't be afraid to spend a bit more) and some liquid liner too.
  She reached inside and pulled out - not mace, not pepper spray, but an eyeliner pencil.
  Taking an eyeliner pencil, I closed my eyes, stuck it between my lids, and swept it across.
  Taking a dark purple lip liner pencil, she traced the outline of her full lips, and then filled in the outline with her favorite dark purple lipstick.
  You had used only a subtle taupe pencil, which I would have thought would wash out my fair complexion.
  You can find eyebrow or facial hair colored pencils at beauty supply stores or online hair supply websites.
  The bar staff are dressed in school uniform with prefect badges and kohl pencil freckles and the clientele are sipping shrimp flavored vodka shooters.
3. 1.3 Something with the shape of a pencil.
  笔状物
  a pencil of light
  光束。
  as modifier a long pencil beam
  Example sentencesExamples
  Fan beam and pencil beam machines can scan laterally around the side of a patient, which is useful for measuring the bone density of the lumbar spine.
  We spotted Mindbender, a freestanding pencil of solid ice that lay in a pile of chunks at the base of the cliff two days earlier.
  There was no trace of the person responsible, except for a black pencil torch below one of the nests.
  Prune out all canes with diameters less than a pencil width and old, brown canes that tend to be less productive.
  She opened the driver's door, extracting as she stepped out of the car the tiny pencil torch, which she always kept in the glove compartment.
  A big rubber thing with a beam like a broadsword and a pencil torch.
  This firm has also designed masts in the shape of a giant pencil, a sculpture and boat masts.
  Mark then started nipping on the edges of the pencil shaped hole.
  Synonyms
  beam, ray, shaft, finger, gleam
4. 1.4Geometry Physics A set of light rays, lines, etc., converging to or diverging narrowly from a single point.
  〔物理，几何〕光线束，光线锥；线束，面束，圆束
  Example sentencesExamples
  Peepholes at strategic points along its length admitted pencils of light.
  In the darkest works, the pencil lines are visible only as a sheen.
  These conservative pencils of light also displayed the biological diversity of the ship's crew.
  The thin line of his pencil transcribes the desert light and, for the first time in this exhibition, a unique and unmistakable vision appears.

verbˈpɛnsəlˈpensəl

[with object]

Write, draw, or color with a pencil.
用铅笔写（或画、涂色）
a previous owner has penciled their name inside the cover
以前的一个主人用铅笔在封面内写下了他们的姓名。
Example sentencesExamples
- More than 35 events and attractions have already been pencilled in over a ten-day timetable with room for plenty more.
- But it was predicted today that the inquiry will probably have to extend into a third session, which has been pencilled in for July.
- As I write this he's pencilled it onto the canvas and judging by the noises he was making in the background as I spoke to him, he has just begun to paint.
- They are pencilled in, these particulars, in an old fashioned hand, sloping and graceful.
- He has now been pencilled in for a race at Christmas.
- The inquiries are due to take place in April, although alternative dates in June and July have been pencilled in in the event of a General Election in May.
- A release date is pencilled in for the autumn to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Rembrandt's birth this year.
- Dates can be pencilled in for when key management appointments should take place, thus ensuring a smooth build-up of the team.
- I've been pencilled in to race at Musselburgh on Monday and if the ground is fast I'll be off up to Scotland.
- In preparation, I penciled an outline of the new construction on a large sheet of butcher paper.
- If approved, the first market day is pencilled in for April 21.
- Turns out that my name has been pencilled against this project for some weeks now - which is partly why no other work has been coming my way.
- A final decision is expected next summer but existing and former reactor sites are being pencilled in for a new generation of nuclear power plants.
- Visions of him are off limits in your daydreams, his name is never again to be penciled in your notebook, and his school picture must promptly be removed from the inside of your locker.
- But there is again some doubt the pitch will be playable, so Monday has been pencilled in as an alternate date.
- The first concrete proposals came in 1967, with the city engineer pencilling a route just outside the city walls.
- Another meeting has been pencilled in for next month.
- Now the operation has been firmly pencilled in for the beginning of March, provided there are no last-minute setbacks.
- A second session has been pencilled in for the end of this month.
- Paddy and the band were originally pencilled in to play at the venue on the following night, but this has now been brought forward to Friday.
Synonyms
write, write down, jot down, note, set down, take down, inscribe
draw, trace, plot, chart, sketch, outline

Phrasal Verbs

pencil something in

1Fill in an area or shape with pencil strokes.
用铅笔填入；用铅笔画出轮廓
a lot of the outlines had been penciled in
很多轮廓已经用铅笔画出来了。
Example sentencesExamples
- They don't have to be huge trees to give shade as the sun gets lower in the afternoon, and the southwest and west sides might need it the most, but experiment with where shadows fall and pencil in some trees.
- He cut with dark stripes into the white of the ruff in the chin area, and then penciled them in lightly.
2Arrange, forecast, or note down something provisionally or tentatively.
（暂时或姑且）安排，预测；记下
May 15 was penciled in as the date for the meeting
暂定5月15日作开会的日期。
Example sentencesExamples
- Its next set of annual results are pencilled in for release towards the end of May.
- Lots of banks are pencilled in for annual results next week, as the bank reporting season gets into full swing.
- More recently, plans to remove the ubiquitous protruding metal pipes have been pencilled in on a very, very urgent to-do list.
- It has been making losses for the last five years, and losses have been pencilled in for the next two years too.
- A brace of house builders have been pencilled in for figures next week.
- It has been hanging over us for about three weeks since the date was pencilled in.
- But, saying that, it has been pencilled in for a while now and you have got to try and get on with it the best you can.
- In addition, even though nutrition was also not specifically listed as a factor, one-third of those surveyed pencilled it in under Health Considerations.
- In fact, pencil it in before you finish cleaning your room-especially since you're now so organized and all.
- The country is estimated to have oil reserves that total some 50 billion barrels, and natural gas reserves have been pencilled in at a gigantic 1,700 trillion cubic feet.
Synonyms
arrange provisionally, make as a provisional arrangement, arrange subject to confirmation, forecast tentatively
1. 2.1Make a provisional or tentative arrangement with or for someone.
  （暂时或姑且）与…安排；为…安排
  he was penciled in for surgery at the end of the month
  他被暂时安排在月底动手术。
  Example sentencesExamples
  I'd say he probably needs another reserve outing and if he comes through that then he could be pencilled in for the week after.
  That's the earliest she could pencil me in because she's busy-busy-busy.
  In fact, it was good enough that we are pencilled in for next February already (just in case any of you want to escape the winter and visit next year)!
  Then he was pencilled in - despite the fact that the Scottish Executive has no remit on international development.
  She will be penciled in on the other side.
  He is pencilled in as the next man to try.
  To be honest, we have not even pencilled him in for a game yet.
  The supporters' group had pencilled him in as the special guest for the February meeting on Monday prompting widespread interest.
  The Poet Laureate has been pencilled in to headline a major North Yorkshire literary festival.
  This year, the store is pencilled in for profits of £2b, rising to £2.3b the year after.

Origin

Middle English (denoting a fine paintbrush): from Old French pincel, from a diminutive of Latin peniculus ‘brush’, diminutive of penis ‘tail’. The verb was originally (early 16th century) in the sense ‘paint with a fine brush’.

词汇	pencil
释义	Definition of pencil in English: pencil nounPlural pencils ˈpɛns(ə)lˈpɛnsɪlˈpɛnsəl 1An instrument for writing or drawing, consisting of a thin stick of graphite or a similar substance enclosed in a long thin piece of wood or fixed in a cylindrical case. 铅笔 have a pencil and paper ready as modifier a pencil drawing Example sentencesExamples In the lush green lawns, they got busy with their drawing sheets, pencils and of course their creativity. After hours of trying to elicit any scrap of detail about his life, someone had the idea of leaving him with a drawing pad and pencils. I always think of myself as a kid in the street with a pencil and piece of paper, watching other people. He would give me some paper and a pencil and I would imitate him, making marks on paper. Architects educated during these two decades have seen their standard tools transformed, for better or worse, from pencils to laptops. I rustled through pens, crumpled pieces of paper, pencils, candy wrappers, and junk that I had no idea was even in my back pack. Use a pencil and piece of paper to rearrange the letters of a word, and then decipher them. Common complimentary gifts include plastic bags, ballpoint pens, pencils, writing pads, water bottles and paper cups. Usually at the end of each day, I pull out the coloured pencils and drawing pad for my son. She then took a sketchpad from her handbag, along with some drawing pencils and an eraser. He ran out carrying a stack of blank papers, a bunch of crayons, pencils, charcoal sticks, a camera and a huge straw hat. Hardware and software is still more expensive than paper and pencils. I liked drawing, but I only liked drawing with my art pencils. There were sketchpads and drawing pencils, as well as other art materials on top of the dresser. He received some money from a federal welfare program and tried selling pencils. When I finished reading the letter, I put it down and took out a blank piece of paper and a pencil, ready to list all of the guys that fit the two clues. He laid the pencil and drawing paper carefully onto his bureau. Jessi opened her folder and pulled out various pieces of paper and pencils, passing several to each bed. All that's required is a pencil and a piece of paper and the self-nurtured belief that what you have to say is worth saying. Getting comfortable by leaning against the cab, she drew out a sketch pad and a box of drawing pencils from her bag. 1.1mass noun Graphite or a similar substance used as a medium for writing or drawing. （写字或绘画用的）石墨芯；类似石墨芯的东西 the words were scribbled in pencil 那些话是用石墨芯乱写的。 Example sentencesExamples It's startling at one point to see her appear in a series of photographs, her features as striking as they are in Rossetti's paint and pencil. Students were allowed to use graphite pencil or a very fine-tipped felt pen. The loops, spikes and waves of pencil in two untitled drawings from 1956 look like writing crossing itself out. The only thing I can think of is the old standby, pencil scribbled on the back. The exhibition features 80 paintings of the alumni in different art medium, be it abstract, digital, sketches in pencil or portraits. The latter is certainly the centre-piece (with a price tag to match) and is accompanied by two beautiful pencil and ink drawings. Most of the images were pencil and ink sketches, by no means family-friendly in content, with lots of whitespace. The resulting sketch maps were hand-drawn on blank paper in pencil and black ink. He was more interested in carefully re-tracing the faded pencil scribbles on his side of the desk. Periodically Ian kept a diary, each entry scribbled in pencil. These 60 drawings show Picasso's work on paper with pencil, charcoal, ink and gouache. What you want the eraser to get rid of - black pencil, color pencil or ink marks - determines its makeup. Whether working in pencil or oil, her fine draftsmanship gives each animal its own expressive identity. His drawings are ink and pencil explosions that look more like an obscure form of musical notation than conventional architectural images. I found this note scribbled in pencil on the inside cover of a book I borrowed from the University of Melbourne's Baillieu Library. The new writing in blue ink slightly overlapped my writing that was in pencil. Pictures must be drawn in pencil, black ink or charcoal so that they can be copied onto the front page. Noble works in pencil on paper - which doesn't sound particularly thrilling, does it? 1.2usually with modifier A cosmetic in a long thin stick. an eyebrow pencil 一支眉笔。 Example sentencesExamples Pick a nice soft eyeliner pencil (don't be afraid to spend a bit more) and some liquid liner too. Use a lip liner pencil as a base coat, then apply lip color. She reached inside and pulled out - not mace, not pepper spray, but an eyeliner pencil. Powder over the lips before using a lip pencil and lipstick. Taking a dark purple lip liner pencil, she traced the outline of her full lips, and then filled in the outline with her favorite dark purple lipstick. You can find eyebrow or facial hair colored pencils at beauty supply stores or online hair supply websites. Apply a lash thickening mascara to your lashes and line both the upper and lower rims of your eyes with black kohl pencil. Use lightning-fast strokes of brow pencil to help define brows that are well-groomed. Before sharpening your eyeliner or lip pencil, place them in the freezer for 10 minutes. For eyeliners and eye brow pencils, select a shade of gray or brown or a complementary color rather than black. Some toilets have sharp edges in their drains that catch toilet tissue as well as items people drop in toilets, such as makeup pencils, pens and toys. Two girls were standing in front of the mirror, one with an eye liner pencil in her right hand. Taking an eyeliner pencil, I closed my eyes, stuck it between my lids, and swept it across. First, find a lip liner pencil in the same color or tone as your lipstick. He pulled out an eyeliner pencil and stroked underneath his eyes. She had a lot of mascara on - with dark eyeliner and pencil thin eyebrows. You had used only a subtle taupe pencil, which I would have thought would wash out my fair complexion. She got as much necklaces and bracelet's as she could find, then very timidly she picked up an eyeliner pencil. Exasperated, she threw down her eyeliner pencil, and merely stormed out of the room. The bar staff are dressed in school uniform with prefect badges and kohl pencil freckles and the clientele are sipping shrimp flavored vodka shooters. 1.3 Something with the shape of a pencil. 笔状物 a pencil of light 光束。 as modifier a pencil torch Example sentencesExamples A big rubber thing with a beam like a broadsword and a pencil torch. There was no trace of the person responsible, except for a black pencil torch below one of the nests. This firm has also designed masts in the shape of a giant pencil, a sculpture and boat masts. She opened the driver's door, extracting as she stepped out of the car the tiny pencil torch, which she always kept in the glove compartment. Mark then started nipping on the edges of the pencil shaped hole. Fan beam and pencil beam machines can scan laterally around the side of a patient, which is useful for measuring the bone density of the lumbar spine. We spotted Mindbender, a freestanding pencil of solid ice that lay in a pile of chunks at the base of the cliff two days earlier. Prune out all canes with diameters less than a pencil width and old, brown canes that tend to be less productive. Synonyms beam, ray, shaft, finger, gleam 2Physics Geometry A set of light rays, lines, etc. converging to or diverging narrowly from a single point. 〔物理，几何〕光线束，光线锥；线束，面束，圆束 Example sentencesExamples In the darkest works, the pencil lines are visible only as a sheen. Peepholes at strategic points along its length admitted pencils of light. The thin line of his pencil transcribes the desert light and, for the first time in this exhibition, a unique and unmistakable vision appears. These conservative pencils of light also displayed the biological diversity of the ship's crew. verbpencils, pencilling, pencilled, penciling, penciled ˈpɛns(ə)lˈpɛnsɪlˈpɛnsəl [with object] Write, draw, or colour with a pencil. 用铅笔写（或画、涂色） a previous owner has pencilled their name inside the cover 以前的一个主人用铅笔在封面内写下了他们的姓名。 Example sentencesExamples Now the operation has been firmly pencilled in for the beginning of March, provided there are no last-minute setbacks. If approved, the first market day is pencilled in for April 21. But there is again some doubt the pitch will be playable, so Monday has been pencilled in as an alternate date. In preparation, I penciled an outline of the new construction on a large sheet of butcher paper. The inquiries are due to take place in April, although alternative dates in June and July have been pencilled in in the event of a General Election in May. Dates can be pencilled in for when key management appointments should take place, thus ensuring a smooth build-up of the team. A second session has been pencilled in for the end of this month. He has now been pencilled in for a race at Christmas. But it was predicted today that the inquiry will probably have to extend into a third session, which has been pencilled in for July. Another meeting has been pencilled in for next month. As I write this he's pencilled it onto the canvas and judging by the noises he was making in the background as I spoke to him, he has just begun to paint. I've been pencilled in to race at Musselburgh on Monday and if the ground is fast I'll be off up to Scotland. They are pencilled in, these particulars, in an old fashioned hand, sloping and graceful. Turns out that my name has been pencilled against this project for some weeks now - which is partly why no other work has been coming my way. More than 35 events and attractions have already been pencilled in over a ten-day timetable with room for plenty more. Paddy and the band were originally pencilled in to play at the venue on the following night, but this has now been brought forward to Friday. A final decision is expected next summer but existing and former reactor sites are being pencilled in for a new generation of nuclear power plants. Visions of him are off limits in your daydreams, his name is never again to be penciled in your notebook, and his school picture must promptly be removed from the inside of your locker. A release date is pencilled in for the autumn to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Rembrandt's birth this year. The first concrete proposals came in 1967, with the city engineer pencilling a route just outside the city walls. Synonyms write, write down, jot down, note, set down, take down, inscribe scribble, rough out, write roughly, scrawl, pen, compose, draft formulate, draw up, dash off, put in writing, put down on paper, commit to paper, put in black and white draw, trace, plot, chart, sketch, outline Phrasal Verbs pencil something in Arrange, forecast, or note down something provisionally. （暂时或姑且）安排，预测；记下 May 15 was pencilled in as the date for the meeting 暂定5月15日作开会的日期。 Example sentencesExamples In addition, even though nutrition was also not specifically listed as a factor, one-third of those surveyed pencilled it in under Health Considerations. But, saying that, it has been pencilled in for a while now and you have got to try and get on with it the best you can. Lots of banks are pencilled in for annual results next week, as the bank reporting season gets into full swing. The country is estimated to have oil reserves that total some 50 billion barrels, and natural gas reserves have been pencilled in at a gigantic 1,700 trillion cubic feet. It has been hanging over us for about three weeks since the date was pencilled in. Its next set of annual results are pencilled in for release towards the end of May. In fact, pencil it in before you finish cleaning your room-especially since you're now so organized and all. More recently, plans to remove the ubiquitous protruding metal pipes have been pencilled in on a very, very urgent to-do list. It has been making losses for the last five years, and losses have been pencilled in for the next two years too. A brace of house builders have been pencilled in for figures next week. Synonyms arrange provisionally, make as a provisional arrangement, arrange subject to confirmation, forecast tentatively pencil someone in Make a provisional arrangement with or for someone. （暂时或姑且）与…安排；为…安排 he was pencilled in for surgery at the end of the month 他被暂时安排在月底动手术。 Example sentencesExamples The supporters' group had pencilled him in as the special guest for the February meeting on Monday prompting widespread interest. Then he was pencilled in - despite the fact that the Scottish Executive has no remit on international development. That's the earliest she could pencil me in because she's busy-busy-busy. She will be penciled in on the other side. To be honest, we have not even pencilled him in for a game yet. This year, the store is pencilled in for profits of £2b, rising to £2.3b the year after. He is pencilled in as the next man to try. I'd say he probably needs another reserve outing and if he comes through that then he could be pencilled in for the week after. The Poet Laureate has been pencilled in to headline a major North Yorkshire literary festival. In fact, it was good enough that we are pencilled in for next February already (just in case any of you want to escape the winter and visit next year)! Derivatives penciller noun The editor and author then discuss the script by electronic mail, telephone or fax and, when it is satisfactory, the file is transmitted to the penciler. Example sentencesExamples When artwork is returned from a comic book, the penciller gets two thirds of the pages, the inker the remaining third. Cartoonists, sequential artists, pencillers - call 'em what you like, they all need help if they're going to do their job well. I just read an interview with a pretty successful comic book penciller where he says that for years he worked to break into comics and be successful in comics. He still has that wonderful eye that allows him to interpret another artist's work, bringing out all that the penciller intended and maximizing its impact. Origin Middle English (denoting a fine paintbrush): from Old French pincel, from a diminutive of Latin peniculus 'brush', diminutive of penis 'tail'. The verb was originally (early 16th century) in the sense 'paint with a fine brush'. Although it looks as if pencil should come from pen, the words are unrelated. A pencil once meant a fine paintbrush—Johnson's dictionary defines it as ‘a small brush of hair which painters dip in their colours’. It comes from Old French pincel, from Latin penicillum ‘paintbrush’, from penis ‘tail’, from the tuft of hair at the end of some tails. The Latin penis was also used for the male organ, a use that passed into English in the late 17th century. Penicillum was also the source of the name of the drug penicillin (mid 20th century) named from the brush-like shapes of the spore containers. Rhymes intercensal, stencil noun.1 phr.v. Definition of pencil in US English: pencil nounˈpɛnsəlˈpensəl 1An instrument for writing or drawing, consisting of a thin stick of graphite or a similar substance enclosed in a long thin piece of wood or fixed in a metal or plastic case. 铅笔 Example sentencesExamples All that's required is a pencil and a piece of paper and the self-nurtured belief that what you have to say is worth saying. He ran out carrying a stack of blank papers, a bunch of crayons, pencils, charcoal sticks, a camera and a huge straw hat. When I finished reading the letter, I put it down and took out a blank piece of paper and a pencil, ready to list all of the guys that fit the two clues. In the lush green lawns, they got busy with their drawing sheets, pencils and of course their creativity. He would give me some paper and a pencil and I would imitate him, making marks on paper. I always think of myself as a kid in the street with a pencil and piece of paper, watching other people. I liked drawing, but I only liked drawing with my art pencils. Common complimentary gifts include plastic bags, ballpoint pens, pencils, writing pads, water bottles and paper cups. Hardware and software is still more expensive than paper and pencils. Architects educated during these two decades have seen their standard tools transformed, for better or worse, from pencils to laptops. There were sketchpads and drawing pencils, as well as other art materials on top of the dresser. She then took a sketchpad from her handbag, along with some drawing pencils and an eraser. Usually at the end of each day, I pull out the coloured pencils and drawing pad for my son. He received some money from a federal welfare program and tried selling pencils. Getting comfortable by leaning against the cab, she drew out a sketch pad and a box of drawing pencils from her bag. He laid the pencil and drawing paper carefully onto his bureau. I rustled through pens, crumpled pieces of paper, pencils, candy wrappers, and junk that I had no idea was even in my back pack. Jessi opened her folder and pulled out various pieces of paper and pencils, passing several to each bed. Use a pencil and piece of paper to rearrange the letters of a word, and then decipher them. After hours of trying to elicit any scrap of detail about his life, someone had the idea of leaving him with a drawing pad and pencils. 1.1 Graphite or a similar substance used as a medium for writing or drawing. （写字或绘画用的）石墨芯；类似石墨芯的东西 the words were scribbled in pencil 那些话是用石墨芯乱写的。 Example sentencesExamples Whether working in pencil or oil, her fine draftsmanship gives each animal its own expressive identity. The only thing I can think of is the old standby, pencil scribbled on the back. His drawings are ink and pencil explosions that look more like an obscure form of musical notation than conventional architectural images. He was more interested in carefully re-tracing the faded pencil scribbles on his side of the desk. Students were allowed to use graphite pencil or a very fine-tipped felt pen. It's startling at one point to see her appear in a series of photographs, her features as striking as they are in Rossetti's paint and pencil. I found this note scribbled in pencil on the inside cover of a book I borrowed from the University of Melbourne's Baillieu Library. Pictures must be drawn in pencil, black ink or charcoal so that they can be copied onto the front page. Most of the images were pencil and ink sketches, by no means family-friendly in content, with lots of whitespace. These 60 drawings show Picasso's work on paper with pencil, charcoal, ink and gouache. The loops, spikes and waves of pencil in two untitled drawings from 1956 look like writing crossing itself out. The new writing in blue ink slightly overlapped my writing that was in pencil. The resulting sketch maps were hand-drawn on blank paper in pencil and black ink. The latter is certainly the centre-piece (with a price tag to match) and is accompanied by two beautiful pencil and ink drawings. Periodically Ian kept a diary, each entry scribbled in pencil. What you want the eraser to get rid of - black pencil, color pencil or ink marks - determines its makeup. Noble works in pencil on paper - which doesn't sound particularly thrilling, does it? The exhibition features 80 paintings of the alumni in different art medium, be it abstract, digital, sketches in pencil or portraits. 1.2usually with modifier A cosmetic in a long thin stick, designed to be applied to a particular part of the face. （用于脸部的）化妆笔 an eyebrow pencil 一支眉笔。 Example sentencesExamples Use a lip liner pencil as a base coat, then apply lip color. First, find a lip liner pencil in the same color or tone as your lipstick. Apply a lash thickening mascara to your lashes and line both the upper and lower rims of your eyes with black kohl pencil. Use lightning-fast strokes of brow pencil to help define brows that are well-groomed. Two girls were standing in front of the mirror, one with an eye liner pencil in her right hand. She had a lot of mascara on - with dark eyeliner and pencil thin eyebrows. He pulled out an eyeliner pencil and stroked underneath his eyes. For eyeliners and eye brow pencils, select a shade of gray or brown or a complementary color rather than black. Before sharpening your eyeliner or lip pencil, place them in the freezer for 10 minutes. Some toilets have sharp edges in their drains that catch toilet tissue as well as items people drop in toilets, such as makeup pencils, pens and toys. She got as much necklaces and bracelet's as she could find, then very timidly she picked up an eyeliner pencil. Exasperated, she threw down her eyeliner pencil, and merely stormed out of the room. Powder over the lips before using a lip pencil and lipstick. Pick a nice soft eyeliner pencil (don't be afraid to spend a bit more) and some liquid liner too. She reached inside and pulled out - not mace, not pepper spray, but an eyeliner pencil. Taking an eyeliner pencil, I closed my eyes, stuck it between my lids, and swept it across. Taking a dark purple lip liner pencil, she traced the outline of her full lips, and then filled in the outline with her favorite dark purple lipstick. You had used only a subtle taupe pencil, which I would have thought would wash out my fair complexion. You can find eyebrow or facial hair colored pencils at beauty supply stores or online hair supply websites. The bar staff are dressed in school uniform with prefect badges and kohl pencil freckles and the clientele are sipping shrimp flavored vodka shooters. 1.3 Something with the shape of a pencil. 笔状物 a pencil of light 光束。 as modifier a long pencil beam Example sentencesExamples Fan beam and pencil beam machines can scan laterally around the side of a patient, which is useful for measuring the bone density of the lumbar spine. We spotted Mindbender, a freestanding pencil of solid ice that lay in a pile of chunks at the base of the cliff two days earlier. There was no trace of the person responsible, except for a black pencil torch below one of the nests. Prune out all canes with diameters less than a pencil width and old, brown canes that tend to be less productive. She opened the driver's door, extracting as she stepped out of the car the tiny pencil torch, which she always kept in the glove compartment. A big rubber thing with a beam like a broadsword and a pencil torch. This firm has also designed masts in the shape of a giant pencil, a sculpture and boat masts. Mark then started nipping on the edges of the pencil shaped hole. Synonyms beam, ray, shaft, finger, gleam 1.4Geometry Physics A set of light rays, lines, etc., converging to or diverging narrowly from a single point. 〔物理，几何〕光线束，光线锥；线束，面束，圆束 Example sentencesExamples Peepholes at strategic points along its length admitted pencils of light. In the darkest works, the pencil lines are visible only as a sheen. These conservative pencils of light also displayed the biological diversity of the ship's crew. The thin line of his pencil transcribes the desert light and, for the first time in this exhibition, a unique and unmistakable vision appears. verbˈpɛnsəlˈpensəl [with object] Write, draw, or color with a pencil. 用铅笔写（或画、涂色） a previous owner has penciled their name inside the cover 以前的一个主人用铅笔在封面内写下了他们的姓名。 Example sentencesExamples More than 35 events and attractions have already been pencilled in over a ten-day timetable with room for plenty more. But it was predicted today that the inquiry will probably have to extend into a third session, which has been pencilled in for July. As I write this he's pencilled it onto the canvas and judging by the noises he was making in the background as I spoke to him, he has just begun to paint. They are pencilled in, these particulars, in an old fashioned hand, sloping and graceful. He has now been pencilled in for a race at Christmas. The inquiries are due to take place in April, although alternative dates in June and July have been pencilled in in the event of a General Election in May. A release date is pencilled in for the autumn to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Rembrandt's birth this year. Dates can be pencilled in for when key management appointments should take place, thus ensuring a smooth build-up of the team. I've been pencilled in to race at Musselburgh on Monday and if the ground is fast I'll be off up to Scotland. In preparation, I penciled an outline of the new construction on a large sheet of butcher paper. If approved, the first market day is pencilled in for April 21. Turns out that my name has been pencilled against this project for some weeks now - which is partly why no other work has been coming my way. A final decision is expected next summer but existing and former reactor sites are being pencilled in for a new generation of nuclear power plants. Visions of him are off limits in your daydreams, his name is never again to be penciled in your notebook, and his school picture must promptly be removed from the inside of your locker. But there is again some doubt the pitch will be playable, so Monday has been pencilled in as an alternate date. The first concrete proposals came in 1967, with the city engineer pencilling a route just outside the city walls. Another meeting has been pencilled in for next month. Now the operation has been firmly pencilled in for the beginning of March, provided there are no last-minute setbacks. A second session has been pencilled in for the end of this month. Paddy and the band were originally pencilled in to play at the venue on the following night, but this has now been brought forward to Friday. Synonyms write, write down, jot down, note, set down, take down, inscribe draw, trace, plot, chart, sketch, outline Phrasal Verbs pencil something in 1Fill in an area or shape with pencil strokes. 用铅笔填入；用铅笔画出轮廓 a lot of the outlines had been penciled in 很多轮廓已经用铅笔画出来了。 Example sentencesExamples They don't have to be huge trees to give shade as the sun gets lower in the afternoon, and the southwest and west sides might need it the most, but experiment with where shadows fall and pencil in some trees. He cut with dark stripes into the white of the ruff in the chin area, and then penciled them in lightly. 2Arrange, forecast, or note down something provisionally or tentatively. （暂时或姑且）安排，预测；记下 May 15 was penciled in as the date for the meeting 暂定5月15日作开会的日期。 Example sentencesExamples Its next set of annual results are pencilled in for release towards the end of May. Lots of banks are pencilled in for annual results next week, as the bank reporting season gets into full swing. More recently, plans to remove the ubiquitous protruding metal pipes have been pencilled in on a very, very urgent to-do list. It has been making losses for the last five years, and losses have been pencilled in for the next two years too. A brace of house builders have been pencilled in for figures next week. It has been hanging over us for about three weeks since the date was pencilled in. But, saying that, it has been pencilled in for a while now and you have got to try and get on with it the best you can. In addition, even though nutrition was also not specifically listed as a factor, one-third of those surveyed pencilled it in under Health Considerations. In fact, pencil it in before you finish cleaning your room-especially since you're now so organized and all. The country is estimated to have oil reserves that total some 50 billion barrels, and natural gas reserves have been pencilled in at a gigantic 1,700 trillion cubic feet. Synonyms arrange provisionally, make as a provisional arrangement, arrange subject to confirmation, forecast tentatively 2.1Make a provisional or tentative arrangement with or for someone. （暂时或姑且）与…安排；为…安排 he was penciled in for surgery at the end of the month 他被暂时安排在月底动手术。 Example sentencesExamples I'd say he probably needs another reserve outing and if he comes through that then he could be pencilled in for the week after. That's the earliest she could pencil me in because she's busy-busy-busy. In fact, it was good enough that we are pencilled in for next February already (just in case any of you want to escape the winter and visit next year)! Then he was pencilled in - despite the fact that the Scottish Executive has no remit on international development. She will be penciled in on the other side. He is pencilled in as the next man to try. To be honest, we have not even pencilled him in for a game yet. The supporters' group had pencilled him in as the special guest for the February meeting on Monday prompting widespread interest. The Poet Laureate has been pencilled in to headline a major North Yorkshire literary festival. This year, the store is pencilled in for profits of £2b, rising to £2.3b the year after. Origin Middle English (denoting a fine paintbrush): from Old French pincel, from a diminutive of Latin peniculus ‘brush’, diminutive of penis ‘tail’. The verb was originally (early 16th century) in the sense ‘paint with a fine brush’. noun.1 phr.v.
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