1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum (1850–1916), British soldier and statesman; full name Horatio Herbert Kitchener. At the outbreak of the First World War he was made Secretary of State for War. He had previously defeated the Mahdist forces at Omdurman in 1898, served as Chief of Staff in the Second Boer War, and been Commander-in-Chief (1902–9) in India.