Definition of scavenge in English:

scavenge

verb ˈskavɪn(d)ʒˈskævəndʒ

[with object]

1Search for and collect (anything usable) from discarded waste.
从废弃物中捡拾（有用的东西）
people sell junk scavenged from the garbage
人们出售从垃圾中捡来的废旧物。
the city dump where the squatters scavenge to survive
许多人蹲在那里靠捡破烂为生的城市垃圾堆。
Example sentencesExamples
- At the rubbish dump, adults and children scavenged for any items which might be recycled or sold.
- Many might not realize that plates on which their food is served in restaurants could be made from plastic waste scavenged from the city's streets.
- So they're out scavenging metal from any place, from heaps of old vehicles.
- Looters also made a comeback, making forays into a presidential palace to scavenge whatever was left behind from earlier bouts of looting.
- Her sculptures are made of recycled, printed tin often incorporating household articles scavenged from junk yards.
- With cardboard tubes scavenged from fabric stores, the group believes it has happened upon a lighter way to a fake car.
- At least 105 people have been killed after a gas pipeline exploded as they scavenged leaking fuel.
- The players scavenged driftwood and even raided a timber yard at night for materials, while 74 tip-up seats were donated by the local cinema.
- Our only backup unit has been scavenged for parts since our budget was slashed last year.
- They are written in pencil on earlier paper types, apparently scavenged from previous works.
- Some units made free-standing cold-water showers with five-gallon jugs inverted over wood platforms that had been scavenged from shipping pallets.
- There appeared to be little hope of scavenging anything from the wreckage.
- For more than a year he lived rough in woodland and scavenged for food.
- White looked at the town, sprawled at the Academy's feet, and saw that the buildings were constructed of scrap scavenged from the great wreck.
- Fuel and tankers became so scarce in the spring of 1942 that oil was scavenged from the unsalvageable battleships still resting on the bottom of Battleship Row.
- Let's go to my house, and see if we can scavenge anything.
- They are surviving on scraps, trying to find anything they can scavenge from the dirt to eat or to sell.
- Hoses were scavenged from wrecked buildings and appropriated from whole ones.
- In 2001, the Arbor was our first attempt to build a beautiful small building with no money, no power tools, using materials scavenged in my neighborhood.
- They had been in fear of their lives as they scavenged for food while the authorities operated a shoot-to-kill policy against looters.
Synonyms
rummage, search, hunt, look, forage, root about/around, scratch about/around, grub about/around
New Zealand informal poozle
rare mudlark
1. 1.1 (of an animal) search for (carrion) as food.
  （动物）觅食（腐肉）
  the feral cat preferred to scavenge carrion from the forest floor
  no object bears and wolves scavenged for carcasses
  Example sentencesExamples
  Feral cats mostly scavenge and hunt rodents; that the real enemies of wild bird populations are habitat fragmentation and pesticide use.
  Most unclean of all are those animals who are fed on refuse scraps, human or animal excrement, or who scavenge dead animals.
  The proximity of vertebrate fossils to the crab fossils suggests that they may also have scavenged vertebrate carcasses.
  Once having learnt to scavenge carcasses, the classic piranha feeding behaviour could have followed soon after.
  Unlike the wolves the coyotes preferred to scavenge the dead carcasses left behind by others.
  They are carnivorous, scavenging among carrion or preying on other molluscs.
  In the Flood model, the observation of shark remains among dinosaurs would not be considered unusual, since one would expect that sharks would scavenge floating dinosaurs.
  A related species, the burrowing bettong, will scavenge sheep carcasses.
  Another is that cats don't scavenge, so the only time that they could be baited is when they are ‘doing it tough, like right now‘.
  The blackcap basslet, a relative of the large species of groupers, uses its bulging eyes to find food while it scavenges on the coral reef.
  They'd rather scavenge dead animals than try to bring down something that might fight back.
  The clam worm, which scavenges food, may not require jaws as hard as those of the bloodworm, which thrusts its jaws into prey to inject venom.
  Thus they had to acquire their meat largely by scavenging the kills of other animals.
  It was scavenging for food, eating any hapless tiny creatures it came upon.
  It preys on fish, squid, and crustaceans and also scavenges.
  Like vultures scavenging for the last morsel of meat from the carcass, they descended on anyone who looked like they might know something.
  There's probably some animal scavenging on bodies at sea and it's going to be very difficult to get those bodies back.
  Nearly all mouth and tail, the gulper eel also scavenges in the depths.
  Fish will scavenge for insects and plant life in the pond but will also benefit from an occasional feeding of fish food.
2. 1.2 Search for discarded items or food in (a place)
  在…搜寻物品（或食物）
  the mink is still commonly seen scavenging the beaches of California
  仍可经常看到貂在加利福尼亚海滩上觅食。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Poor children helped to support their families by scavenging city streets for food, fuel, and usable materials.
  It's amazing what can be found if you scavenge around small wooded areas.
  The two tiny tattered figures were familiar sights on the streets below, begging for coins and scavenging the bins.
  Billy helped her scavenge dumps and junkyards for the motors and wheels and other detritus that would compose her giant vehicle.
  This knowledge makes the idea of Victor Frankenstein scavenging graveyards for parts seem less shocking.
  Raptors, buzzards among them, swirled, checked and glided above Ivy Scar, then eased over the valley to hunt and scavenge the stone-walled fields.
  Expeditions would scavenge the desolate landscape for precious supplies, such as fuel and water.
  Even after the site was scavenged by locals, tons of debris and some sections of the lower-story sandstone walls remained above ground.
2Remove (combustion products) from an internal combustion engine cylinder on the return stroke of the piston.
（从内燃机汽缸里）扫（气）
solid lead deposits of combustion would be scavenged from the engine
3Chemistry
Combine with and remove (molecules, groups, etc.) from a particular medium.
〔化〕（通过化合作用从特定介质中）清除（分子、原子团等）
chlorine molecules can scavenge ozone at a very fast rate
Example sentencesExamples
- They are compounds that scavenge free radicals of oxygen, unstable molecules given off by the body's many metabolic actions.
- The thiol group of s-nitrosothiol essentially protects nitric oxide from being scavenged by the binding site on heme.
- Melatonin also scavenges free radicals, and having low levels of this hormone has been linked to Alzheimer's disease.
- Their analysis also found that B. anthracis has an enhanced capacity to scavenge iron, which it may use to survive in its host.
- The administration of superoxide dismutase to scavenge superoxide anions was found to promote the survival rate of transplanted skin flaps.

Origin

Mid 17th century (in the sense 'clean out (dirt)'): back-formation from scavenger.

Definition of scavenge in US English:

scavenge

verbˈskavənjˈskævəndʒ

[with object]

1Search for and collect (anything usable) from discarded waste.
从废弃物中捡拾（有用的东西）
people sell junk scavenged from the garbage
人们出售从垃圾中捡来的废旧物。
no object the city dump where the squatters scavenge to survive
许多人蹲在那里靠捡破烂为生的城市垃圾堆。
Example sentencesExamples
- So they're out scavenging metal from any place, from heaps of old vehicles.
- At least 105 people have been killed after a gas pipeline exploded as they scavenged leaking fuel.
- Her sculptures are made of recycled, printed tin often incorporating household articles scavenged from junk yards.
- Some units made free-standing cold-water showers with five-gallon jugs inverted over wood platforms that had been scavenged from shipping pallets.
- Looters also made a comeback, making forays into a presidential palace to scavenge whatever was left behind from earlier bouts of looting.
- Fuel and tankers became so scarce in the spring of 1942 that oil was scavenged from the unsalvageable battleships still resting on the bottom of Battleship Row.
- There appeared to be little hope of scavenging anything from the wreckage.
- In 2001, the Arbor was our first attempt to build a beautiful small building with no money, no power tools, using materials scavenged in my neighborhood.
- Many might not realize that plates on which their food is served in restaurants could be made from plastic waste scavenged from the city's streets.
- They had been in fear of their lives as they scavenged for food while the authorities operated a shoot-to-kill policy against looters.
- They are surviving on scraps, trying to find anything they can scavenge from the dirt to eat or to sell.
- At the rubbish dump, adults and children scavenged for any items which might be recycled or sold.
- The players scavenged driftwood and even raided a timber yard at night for materials, while 74 tip-up seats were donated by the local cinema.
- Our only backup unit has been scavenged for parts since our budget was slashed last year.
- With cardboard tubes scavenged from fabric stores, the group believes it has happened upon a lighter way to a fake car.
- For more than a year he lived rough in woodland and scavenged for food.
- Let's go to my house, and see if we can scavenge anything.
- They are written in pencil on earlier paper types, apparently scavenged from previous works.
- White looked at the town, sprawled at the Academy's feet, and saw that the buildings were constructed of scrap scavenged from the great wreck.
- Hoses were scavenged from wrecked buildings and appropriated from whole ones.
Synonyms
rummage, search, hunt, look, forage, root about, root around, scratch about, scratch around, grub about, grub around
1. 1.1 (of an animal) search for (carrion) as food.
  （动物）觅食（腐肉）
  Example sentencesExamples
  Thus they had to acquire their meat largely by scavenging the kills of other animals.
  Nearly all mouth and tail, the gulper eel also scavenges in the depths.
  It was scavenging for food, eating any hapless tiny creatures it came upon.
  In the Flood model, the observation of shark remains among dinosaurs would not be considered unusual, since one would expect that sharks would scavenge floating dinosaurs.
  The proximity of vertebrate fossils to the crab fossils suggests that they may also have scavenged vertebrate carcasses.
  Another is that cats don't scavenge, so the only time that they could be baited is when they are ‘doing it tough, like right now‘.
  It preys on fish, squid, and crustaceans and also scavenges.
  There's probably some animal scavenging on bodies at sea and it's going to be very difficult to get those bodies back.
  Once having learnt to scavenge carcasses, the classic piranha feeding behaviour could have followed soon after.
  The clam worm, which scavenges food, may not require jaws as hard as those of the bloodworm, which thrusts its jaws into prey to inject venom.
  Unlike the wolves the coyotes preferred to scavenge the dead carcasses left behind by others.
  They are carnivorous, scavenging among carrion or preying on other molluscs.
  The blackcap basslet, a relative of the large species of groupers, uses its bulging eyes to find food while it scavenges on the coral reef.
  They'd rather scavenge dead animals than try to bring down something that might fight back.
  Fish will scavenge for insects and plant life in the pond but will also benefit from an occasional feeding of fish food.
  A related species, the burrowing bettong, will scavenge sheep carcasses.
  Feral cats mostly scavenge and hunt rodents; that the real enemies of wild bird populations are habitat fragmentation and pesticide use.
  Most unclean of all are those animals who are fed on refuse scraps, human or animal excrement, or who scavenge dead animals.
  Like vultures scavenging for the last morsel of meat from the carcass, they descended on anyone who looked like they might know something.
2. 1.2 Search for discarded items or food in (a place)
  在…搜寻物品（或食物）
  the mink is still commonly seen scavenging the beaches of California
  仍可经常看到貂在加利福尼亚海滩上觅食。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Raptors, buzzards among them, swirled, checked and glided above Ivy Scar, then eased over the valley to hunt and scavenge the stone-walled fields.
  Even after the site was scavenged by locals, tons of debris and some sections of the lower-story sandstone walls remained above ground.
  It's amazing what can be found if you scavenge around small wooded areas.
  Expeditions would scavenge the desolate landscape for precious supplies, such as fuel and water.
  Poor children helped to support their families by scavenging city streets for food, fuel, and usable materials.
  The two tiny tattered figures were familiar sights on the streets below, begging for coins and scavenging the bins.
  Billy helped her scavenge dumps and junkyards for the motors and wheels and other detritus that would compose her giant vehicle.
  This knowledge makes the idea of Victor Frankenstein scavenging graveyards for parts seem less shocking.
3. 1.3 Remove (combustion products) from the cylinder of an internal combustion engine on the return stroke of the piston.
  （从内燃机汽缸里）扫（气）
4. 1.4Chemistry Combine with and remove (molecules, groups, etc.) from a particular medium.
  〔化〕（通过化合作用从特定介质中）清除（分子、原子团等）
  chlorine molecules can scavenge ozone at a very fast rate
  Example sentencesExamples
  Melatonin also scavenges free radicals, and having low levels of this hormone has been linked to Alzheimer's disease.
  The thiol group of s-nitrosothiol essentially protects nitric oxide from being scavenged by the binding site on heme.
  Their analysis also found that B. anthracis has an enhanced capacity to scavenge iron, which it may use to survive in its host.
  They are compounds that scavenge free radicals of oxygen, unstable molecules given off by the body's many metabolic actions.
  The administration of superoxide dismutase to scavenge superoxide anions was found to promote the survival rate of transplanted skin flaps.

Origin

Mid 17th century (in the sense ‘clean out (dirt)’): back-formation from scavenger.

词汇	scavenge
释义	Definition of scavenge in English: scavenge verb ˈskavɪn(d)ʒˈskævəndʒ [with object] 1Search for and collect (anything usable) from discarded waste. 从废弃物中捡拾（有用的东西） people sell junk scavenged from the garbage 人们出售从垃圾中捡来的废旧物。 the city dump where the squatters scavenge to survive 许多人蹲在那里靠捡破烂为生的城市垃圾堆。 Example sentencesExamples At the rubbish dump, adults and children scavenged for any items which might be recycled or sold. Many might not realize that plates on which their food is served in restaurants could be made from plastic waste scavenged from the city's streets. So they're out scavenging metal from any place, from heaps of old vehicles. Looters also made a comeback, making forays into a presidential palace to scavenge whatever was left behind from earlier bouts of looting. Her sculptures are made of recycled, printed tin often incorporating household articles scavenged from junk yards. With cardboard tubes scavenged from fabric stores, the group believes it has happened upon a lighter way to a fake car. At least 105 people have been killed after a gas pipeline exploded as they scavenged leaking fuel. The players scavenged driftwood and even raided a timber yard at night for materials, while 74 tip-up seats were donated by the local cinema. Our only backup unit has been scavenged for parts since our budget was slashed last year. They are written in pencil on earlier paper types, apparently scavenged from previous works. Some units made free-standing cold-water showers with five-gallon jugs inverted over wood platforms that had been scavenged from shipping pallets. There appeared to be little hope of scavenging anything from the wreckage. For more than a year he lived rough in woodland and scavenged for food. White looked at the town, sprawled at the Academy's feet, and saw that the buildings were constructed of scrap scavenged from the great wreck. Fuel and tankers became so scarce in the spring of 1942 that oil was scavenged from the unsalvageable battleships still resting on the bottom of Battleship Row. Let's go to my house, and see if we can scavenge anything. They are surviving on scraps, trying to find anything they can scavenge from the dirt to eat or to sell. Hoses were scavenged from wrecked buildings and appropriated from whole ones. In 2001, the Arbor was our first attempt to build a beautiful small building with no money, no power tools, using materials scavenged in my neighborhood. They had been in fear of their lives as they scavenged for food while the authorities operated a shoot-to-kill policy against looters. Synonyms rummage, search, hunt, look, forage, root about/around, scratch about/around, grub about/around New Zealand informal poozle rare mudlark 1.1 (of an animal) search for (carrion) as food. （动物）觅食（腐肉） the feral cat preferred to scavenge carrion from the forest floor no object bears and wolves scavenged for carcasses Example sentencesExamples Feral cats mostly scavenge and hunt rodents; that the real enemies of wild bird populations are habitat fragmentation and pesticide use. Most unclean of all are those animals who are fed on refuse scraps, human or animal excrement, or who scavenge dead animals. The proximity of vertebrate fossils to the crab fossils suggests that they may also have scavenged vertebrate carcasses. Once having learnt to scavenge carcasses, the classic piranha feeding behaviour could have followed soon after. Unlike the wolves the coyotes preferred to scavenge the dead carcasses left behind by others. They are carnivorous, scavenging among carrion or preying on other molluscs. In the Flood model, the observation of shark remains among dinosaurs would not be considered unusual, since one would expect that sharks would scavenge floating dinosaurs. A related species, the burrowing bettong, will scavenge sheep carcasses. Another is that cats don't scavenge, so the only time that they could be baited is when they are ‘doing it tough, like right now‘. The blackcap basslet, a relative of the large species of groupers, uses its bulging eyes to find food while it scavenges on the coral reef. They'd rather scavenge dead animals than try to bring down something that might fight back. The clam worm, which scavenges food, may not require jaws as hard as those of the bloodworm, which thrusts its jaws into prey to inject venom. Thus they had to acquire their meat largely by scavenging the kills of other animals. It was scavenging for food, eating any hapless tiny creatures it came upon. It preys on fish, squid, and crustaceans and also scavenges. Like vultures scavenging for the last morsel of meat from the carcass, they descended on anyone who looked like they might know something. There's probably some animal scavenging on bodies at sea and it's going to be very difficult to get those bodies back. Nearly all mouth and tail, the gulper eel also scavenges in the depths. Fish will scavenge for insects and plant life in the pond but will also benefit from an occasional feeding of fish food. 1.2 Search for discarded items or food in (a place) 在…搜寻物品（或食物） the mink is still commonly seen scavenging the beaches of California 仍可经常看到貂在加利福尼亚海滩上觅食。 Example sentencesExamples Poor children helped to support their families by scavenging city streets for food, fuel, and usable materials. It's amazing what can be found if you scavenge around small wooded areas. The two tiny tattered figures were familiar sights on the streets below, begging for coins and scavenging the bins. Billy helped her scavenge dumps and junkyards for the motors and wheels and other detritus that would compose her giant vehicle. This knowledge makes the idea of Victor Frankenstein scavenging graveyards for parts seem less shocking. Raptors, buzzards among them, swirled, checked and glided above Ivy Scar, then eased over the valley to hunt and scavenge the stone-walled fields. Expeditions would scavenge the desolate landscape for precious supplies, such as fuel and water. Even after the site was scavenged by locals, tons of debris and some sections of the lower-story sandstone walls remained above ground. 2Remove (combustion products) from an internal combustion engine cylinder on the return stroke of the piston. （从内燃机汽缸里）扫（气） solid lead deposits of combustion would be scavenged from the engine 3Chemistry Combine with and remove (molecules, groups, etc.) from a particular medium. 〔化〕（通过化合作用从特定介质中）清除（分子、原子团等） chlorine molecules can scavenge ozone at a very fast rate Example sentencesExamples They are compounds that scavenge free radicals of oxygen, unstable molecules given off by the body's many metabolic actions. The thiol group of s-nitrosothiol essentially protects nitric oxide from being scavenged by the binding site on heme. Melatonin also scavenges free radicals, and having low levels of this hormone has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. Their analysis also found that B. anthracis has an enhanced capacity to scavenge iron, which it may use to survive in its host. The administration of superoxide dismutase to scavenge superoxide anions was found to promote the survival rate of transplanted skin flaps. Origin Mid 17th century (in the sense 'clean out (dirt)'): back-formation from scavenger. Definition of scavenge in US English: scavenge verbˈskavənjˈskævəndʒ [with object] 1Search for and collect (anything usable) from discarded waste. 从废弃物中捡拾（有用的东西） people sell junk scavenged from the garbage 人们出售从垃圾中捡来的废旧物。 no object the city dump where the squatters scavenge to survive 许多人蹲在那里靠捡破烂为生的城市垃圾堆。 Example sentencesExamples So they're out scavenging metal from any place, from heaps of old vehicles. At least 105 people have been killed after a gas pipeline exploded as they scavenged leaking fuel. Her sculptures are made of recycled, printed tin often incorporating household articles scavenged from junk yards. Some units made free-standing cold-water showers with five-gallon jugs inverted over wood platforms that had been scavenged from shipping pallets. Looters also made a comeback, making forays into a presidential palace to scavenge whatever was left behind from earlier bouts of looting. Fuel and tankers became so scarce in the spring of 1942 that oil was scavenged from the unsalvageable battleships still resting on the bottom of Battleship Row. There appeared to be little hope of scavenging anything from the wreckage. In 2001, the Arbor was our first attempt to build a beautiful small building with no money, no power tools, using materials scavenged in my neighborhood. Many might not realize that plates on which their food is served in restaurants could be made from plastic waste scavenged from the city's streets. They had been in fear of their lives as they scavenged for food while the authorities operated a shoot-to-kill policy against looters. They are surviving on scraps, trying to find anything they can scavenge from the dirt to eat or to sell. At the rubbish dump, adults and children scavenged for any items which might be recycled or sold. The players scavenged driftwood and even raided a timber yard at night for materials, while 74 tip-up seats were donated by the local cinema. Our only backup unit has been scavenged for parts since our budget was slashed last year. With cardboard tubes scavenged from fabric stores, the group believes it has happened upon a lighter way to a fake car. For more than a year he lived rough in woodland and scavenged for food. Let's go to my house, and see if we can scavenge anything. They are written in pencil on earlier paper types, apparently scavenged from previous works. White looked at the town, sprawled at the Academy's feet, and saw that the buildings were constructed of scrap scavenged from the great wreck. Hoses were scavenged from wrecked buildings and appropriated from whole ones. Synonyms rummage, search, hunt, look, forage, root about, root around, scratch about, scratch around, grub about, grub around 1.1 (of an animal) search for (carrion) as food. （动物）觅食（腐肉） Example sentencesExamples Thus they had to acquire their meat largely by scavenging the kills of other animals. Nearly all mouth and tail, the gulper eel also scavenges in the depths. It was scavenging for food, eating any hapless tiny creatures it came upon. In the Flood model, the observation of shark remains among dinosaurs would not be considered unusual, since one would expect that sharks would scavenge floating dinosaurs. The proximity of vertebrate fossils to the crab fossils suggests that they may also have scavenged vertebrate carcasses. Another is that cats don't scavenge, so the only time that they could be baited is when they are ‘doing it tough, like right now‘. It preys on fish, squid, and crustaceans and also scavenges. There's probably some animal scavenging on bodies at sea and it's going to be very difficult to get those bodies back. Once having learnt to scavenge carcasses, the classic piranha feeding behaviour could have followed soon after. The clam worm, which scavenges food, may not require jaws as hard as those of the bloodworm, which thrusts its jaws into prey to inject venom. Unlike the wolves the coyotes preferred to scavenge the dead carcasses left behind by others. They are carnivorous, scavenging among carrion or preying on other molluscs. The blackcap basslet, a relative of the large species of groupers, uses its bulging eyes to find food while it scavenges on the coral reef. They'd rather scavenge dead animals than try to bring down something that might fight back. Fish will scavenge for insects and plant life in the pond but will also benefit from an occasional feeding of fish food. A related species, the burrowing bettong, will scavenge sheep carcasses. Feral cats mostly scavenge and hunt rodents; that the real enemies of wild bird populations are habitat fragmentation and pesticide use. Most unclean of all are those animals who are fed on refuse scraps, human or animal excrement, or who scavenge dead animals. Like vultures scavenging for the last morsel of meat from the carcass, they descended on anyone who looked like they might know something. 1.2 Search for discarded items or food in (a place) 在…搜寻物品（或食物） the mink is still commonly seen scavenging the beaches of California 仍可经常看到貂在加利福尼亚海滩上觅食。 Example sentencesExamples Raptors, buzzards among them, swirled, checked and glided above Ivy Scar, then eased over the valley to hunt and scavenge the stone-walled fields. Even after the site was scavenged by locals, tons of debris and some sections of the lower-story sandstone walls remained above ground. It's amazing what can be found if you scavenge around small wooded areas. Expeditions would scavenge the desolate landscape for precious supplies, such as fuel and water. Poor children helped to support their families by scavenging city streets for food, fuel, and usable materials. The two tiny tattered figures were familiar sights on the streets below, begging for coins and scavenging the bins. Billy helped her scavenge dumps and junkyards for the motors and wheels and other detritus that would compose her giant vehicle. This knowledge makes the idea of Victor Frankenstein scavenging graveyards for parts seem less shocking. 1.3 Remove (combustion products) from the cylinder of an internal combustion engine on the return stroke of the piston. （从内燃机汽缸里）扫（气） 1.4Chemistry Combine with and remove (molecules, groups, etc.) from a particular medium. 〔化〕（通过化合作用从特定介质中）清除（分子、原子团等） chlorine molecules can scavenge ozone at a very fast rate Example sentencesExamples Melatonin also scavenges free radicals, and having low levels of this hormone has been linked to Alzheimer's disease. The thiol group of s-nitrosothiol essentially protects nitric oxide from being scavenged by the binding site on heme. Their analysis also found that B. anthracis has an enhanced capacity to scavenge iron, which it may use to survive in its host. They are compounds that scavenge free radicals of oxygen, unstable molecules given off by the body's many metabolic actions. The administration of superoxide dismutase to scavenge superoxide anions was found to promote the survival rate of transplanted skin flaps. Origin Mid 17th century (in the sense ‘clean out (dirt)’): back-formation from scavenger.
随便看	phasor phasors phat phatagin phatic phatically phat thai Ph.B phb Ph.C. phc PhD phd ph.d. PhDs ph.d.s Phe pheasant pheasant pheasant cock pheasant color pheasant-colored pheasant colour pheasant-coloured pheasant cuckoo