Definition of fundamental in English:

fundamental

adjective fʌndəˈmɛnt(ə)lˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)əl

1Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance.
基本的，根本的，基础的，核心的
the protection of fundamental human rights
对基本人权的保护。
interpretation of evidence is fundamental to the historian's craft
解释证据是历史学家的基本功。
Example sentencesExamples
- And yet, human interaction is fundamental to our existence and the ability to communicate with clarity and understanding is a vitally important skill.
- He said: ‘Many people think the removal of the fence is fundamental to the success of any dialogue.’
- But the issue in California, because Hispanics are so integrated and so fundamental to the society of California, indeed the entire country.
- Le Terroir, the all-important combination of climate, soil, and grape variety that are fundamental to the creation of champagne, is considered unique.
- Some of my concerns are fairly fundamental to the voting process and the secrecy of voting.
- The appearance of the Social Democrats Movement less than a year ago introduced a few points, which are fundamental to their attitude towards the country's political scene.
- Said Donohue: ‘It is about something so fundamental to what we do here at the chamber that we can't walk away from it.’
- This is fundamental to human rights and the application of international law.
- So to the extent we're talking about natural plant communities developing, then that's just one of those processes which is fundamental to the National Parks system.
- The public are entitled to play a meaningful role within the planning system and granting ‘third-party rights of appeal’ is fundamental to achieving this.
- Not since 1947, when the strategy for containing the Soviet Union was designed, have matters so fundamental to American grand strategy been up for grabs.
- Because multiculturalism is fundamental to our mission it needs to be present in both places.
- Although the stunt was deliberately daft, the point was fundamental to the legal argument the group's activists have used hundreds of times in tiny district courts in Helensburgh and Dumbarton.
- So it's very important that brands do become a part of event-based TV, because they're fundamental to us creating event-based TV.
- Freedom of belief (note the Western turn of phrase) is fundamental to human rights, and it was Islam that first proclaimed this value.
- The rhythms and forms of Yoruba religion are said to be fundamental to the development of many types of African-American music, from gospel to blues and jazz, as well as salsa and Latin jazz.
- Stock options and corporate bonuses are no more fundamental to the achievement of scientific advance than were Soviet medals and patriotic exhortations.
- Building local social connections and informal support is fundamental to preventing child abuse and neglect and to building resilience in children and vulnerable families.
- ‘Improving the infrastructure is fundamental to improving our image in order to make the show ground a place where people really want to come,’ said Mr Vincent.
Synonyms
basic, foundational, rudimentary, elemental, elementary, underlying, basal, radical, root
primary, cardinal, initial, original, prime, first, primitive, primordial
principal, chief, capital, key, central
structural, organic, constitutional, inherent, intrinsic, ingrained
vital, essential, important, indispensable, necessary, crucial, pivotal, critical
1. 1.1 Affecting or relating to the essential nature of something or the crucial point about an issue.
  至关重要的；影响问题的本质（或关键）的；与问题的本质（或关键）有关的
  the fundamental problem remains that of the housing shortage
  关键的问题依旧是住房短缺。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Does not this correspondence constitute the fundamental trait of our nature?
  For Democrats, it's an issue of fundamental importance and core values.
  Homeyer's organic vision stems from his childhood love of ‘dirt and plants and growing things’ and is rooted in a fundamental respect of nature.
  It is our hope that their legacies will not be tarnished by an inconsistent stand on the conflict between science and religion, an issue of fundamental importance to all mankind.
  However, the YWCA has moved a step beyond this traditional focus in addressing some of the fundamental issues affecting women's lives.
  Being able to go car shopping the way the majority of the population goes fruit shopping means that there are certain fundamental issues affecting this majority that these rulers know of only in theory.
  An optical switch is one of several essential elements of fundamental technology required for optical signal processing in photonic networks of the future.
  This is an issue of the most fundamental importance - treating all human beings with dignity.
  These are also the most thorny and fundamental issues affecting Taiwan's management of cross-strait trade and economic relations over the past decade.
  Justice, integrity and trust in fundamental institutions are essential social assets and social capital is as important as economic prosperity.
  A lot has changed environ-mentally since then, he added, but fundamental issues and human nature have remained the same.
  What is not a matter of such estimation for me, but rather an issue of fundamental principle, is that of whether I can belong to an organization publicly committed to an anti-Semitic policy.
  Such an interference by a local authority with the right of a person to pursue his livelihood without express statutory sanction raises an issue of fundamental principle.
  However, the two underlying fundamental principles that are essential for good design are either frangibility or non-penetration with controlled redirection.
  It was further inflated by fundamental changes to the nature of the exam, which critics say were designed to ensure that pass rates continued to rise.
  Some theoretical issues and fundamental material problems remain, however.
  Schrum, despite her lapses in thinking, has a number of interesting points on the pedagogical decisions necessary about the fundamental nature of an online course.
  The contents offer a crucial test for theories describing the fundamental nature of matter and energy.
  And having achieved his narrow victory, the famous flip-flop on fundamental issues was second nature to Vajpayee.
  Most important of all, there is a fundamental misreading of the nature of the relationships at work here.
  Synonyms
  crucial, vital, essential, of the essence, all-important, important, of the utmost importance, of great consequence, high-priority, paramount, pre-eminent, key, pivotal, deciding, decisive, climacteric, momentous
2. 1.2 So basic as to be hard to alter, resolve, or overcome.
  根深蒂固的
  the theories are based on a fundamental error
  这些理论建立在一个根深蒂固的错误之上。
  Example sentencesExamples
  With its aim of containing the conflict rather than resolving it, the peace process draws the political parties into a dialogue without resolving any big political questions or fundamental differences.
  It was this that led to Descartes's fundamental error - the reversal of the basic truth that the first operation of the mind has only real things for its object.
  He becomes an of people, and this is a very basic fundamental error.
  And I think that's a very fundamental difference and approach to government between the two parties.
  First, and foremost, they submit that there was a fundamental error in the approach adopted by the Inspector to the question whether or not use was as of right or by permission.
  In doing so, he has never tried to resolve the fundamental difference of opinion between the opposing wings of his party.
  I mean, I really think is one of the basic problems here, is there's a fundamental difference.
  But for all the bravado of his pre-budget speech, there was arguably little that Brown could have said to resolve the fundamental contradiction at the heart of his vision for Britain.
  It is no good using an advertising campaign to overcome fundamental faults in the design of the Pension Credit.
  To my knowledge it's the only commercial product in the world that actually has resolved that fundamental problem.
  But it is when the violence ends that this fundamental difference of approach during the war creates an intrinsic problem.
  It is this fundamental difference in approach to evaluating tests that frames much of the debate about the Rorschach.
  This fear is so fundamental that it overcame other basic Australian traits - compassion, a helping hand, a fair go.
  This is a superficial examination as these decisions often turn on the precise facts of the case but regardless of the precise details this appears to represent a fundamental difference of approach.
  Thus his use of Hroch and Anderson on nationalism elides the fundamental difference between two approaches to the study of nationalism.
  After talks on the Treaty broke down in December, there was widespread pessimism that fundamental differences could not be overcome in the short term.
  There were, in our respectful submission, some fundamental errors in the approach of the Full Court and I just wish to summarise those, without taking up too much of the time of the Court.
  You are hard pressed to assert a fundamental error in circumstances in which counsel seem to think nothing of it.
  There are little fundamental differences between the two sects and the basic teachings are those of Mahavira for both sects.
  This focuses us on the fundamental difference in approach between the Palestinians and the Israelis.

noun fʌndəˈmɛnt(ə)lˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)əl

1usually fundamentalsA central or primary rule or principle on which something is based.
根本法则，基本原则
two courses cover the fundamentals of microbiology
两门课程涵盖了微生物学的基本原理。
Example sentencesExamples
- Women play more of a team game based on fundamentals, execution, and good shooting.
- It has style and feeling but does not sacrifice the fundamentals of a polished presentation.
- I sit up in the stands with the rest of the team and get a crash course in the game's fundamentals.
- Of course, if the fundamentals of the business have deteriorated I can walk away with just half the losses.
- The young ladies were taught much more than fundamentals, rules and regulations of the game.
- Without arguing, how can you possibly explore the fundamentals of an idea?
- This textbook takes a unified view of the fundamentals of wireless communication and explains the web of concepts underpinning these advances at a level accessible to an audience with a basic background in probability and digital communication.
- This book presents fundamentals of conflict resolution and peer mediation in schools.
- A return to these fundamentals could be the bedrock of a true religious resurgence.
- But good ideas backed by sound fundamentals will usually get a good hearing.
- Islam's fundamentals are based on some eternal truths that can easily cope with peripheral polarities.
- It was interesting just seeing how the nitty gritty fundamentals of business works.
- The economic fundamentals suggest that the rupiah is way undervalued.
- Because all that we say and all that we do is based on those fundamentals.
- Teaches fundamentals of programming including principles of structured code and top-down design.
- This ratio adds a market value dimension to the model that isn't based on pure fundamentals.
- Even when I was training, the emphasis was always on the basics and fundamentals.
- While in Guyana, Tambling taught a course on the fundamentals of health.
- This basics course touches on the fundamentals of retirement plans, education savings plans and more.
- It is relevant if we stick to the fundamentals, if we interpret them correctly.
Synonyms
basics, essentials, rudiments, foundations, basic principles, first principles, preliminaries
crux, essence, core, nucleus, heart, base, bedrock, groundwork, crux of the matter, heart of the matter
Latin sine qua non
informal nuts and bolts, nitty-gritty, brass tacks, ABC
2Music
A fundamental note, tone, or frequency.
根音；基音；基频
Example sentencesExamples
- In the Hammond organ, the fundamental and up to eight harmonics were available and were controlled by means of drawbars and preset keys or buttons.
- The standing wave with the longest wavelength is called the fundamental; the overtone number keeps count of the number of half-wavelengths.
- The beating between adjacent harmonics causes the brain to ‘hear’ the non-existent fundamental.
- The second harmonic from the external resonator could be synchronously scanned with the fundamental.
- I have been interested in the harmonic series in general and in the interaction of two harmonic series based on two fundamentals.

Derivatives

fundamentality

noun fʌndəmɛnˈtalɪti

For a court intent on denying the fundamentality of a claimed right, it is always possible to read the prior cases narrowly - and to define the newly claimed right so narrowly that it looks ridiculous.
Example sentencesExamples
- This is exactly where the fundamentality of symmetry fails and is limited by our practical calculation.
- Joan of Arc, I believe, was a revolutionary leader whose tragic end is a further affirmation of the fundamentality of the causes she championed.
- Lawyers will recognize this as related to present-day incorporation through the due process clause, but this differs in requiring no showing of fundamentality.
- True, science had made enormous advancements: by way of understanding the fundamentalities of nature we now were able to control and manipulate these laws and an enormous progress in technology was the result.

Origin

Late Middle English: from French fondamental, or late Latin fundamentalis, from Latin fundamentum, from fundare 'to found'.

Definition of fundamental in US English:

fundamental

adjectiveˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)əlˌfəndəˈmen(t)əl

1Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance.
基本的，根本的，基础的，核心的
the protection of fundamental human rights
对基本人权的保护。
interpretation of evidence is fundamental to the historian's craft
解释证据是历史学家的基本功。
Example sentencesExamples
- But the issue in California, because Hispanics are so integrated and so fundamental to the society of California, indeed the entire country.
- Le Terroir, the all-important combination of climate, soil, and grape variety that are fundamental to the creation of champagne, is considered unique.
- And yet, human interaction is fundamental to our existence and the ability to communicate with clarity and understanding is a vitally important skill.
- The rhythms and forms of Yoruba religion are said to be fundamental to the development of many types of African-American music, from gospel to blues and jazz, as well as salsa and Latin jazz.
- Although the stunt was deliberately daft, the point was fundamental to the legal argument the group's activists have used hundreds of times in tiny district courts in Helensburgh and Dumbarton.
- Some of my concerns are fairly fundamental to the voting process and the secrecy of voting.
- This is fundamental to human rights and the application of international law.
- The public are entitled to play a meaningful role within the planning system and granting ‘third-party rights of appeal’ is fundamental to achieving this.
- Stock options and corporate bonuses are no more fundamental to the achievement of scientific advance than were Soviet medals and patriotic exhortations.
- So to the extent we're talking about natural plant communities developing, then that's just one of those processes which is fundamental to the National Parks system.
- ‘Improving the infrastructure is fundamental to improving our image in order to make the show ground a place where people really want to come,’ said Mr Vincent.
- So it's very important that brands do become a part of event-based TV, because they're fundamental to us creating event-based TV.
- Freedom of belief (note the Western turn of phrase) is fundamental to human rights, and it was Islam that first proclaimed this value.
- He said: ‘Many people think the removal of the fence is fundamental to the success of any dialogue.’
- The appearance of the Social Democrats Movement less than a year ago introduced a few points, which are fundamental to their attitude towards the country's political scene.
- Because multiculturalism is fundamental to our mission it needs to be present in both places.
- Not since 1947, when the strategy for containing the Soviet Union was designed, have matters so fundamental to American grand strategy been up for grabs.
- Said Donohue: ‘It is about something so fundamental to what we do here at the chamber that we can't walk away from it.’
- Building local social connections and informal support is fundamental to preventing child abuse and neglect and to building resilience in children and vulnerable families.
Synonyms
basic, foundational, rudimentary, elemental, elementary, underlying, basal, radical, root
1. 1.1 Affecting or relating to the essential nature of something or the crucial point about an issue.
  至关重要的；影响问题的本质（或关键）的；与问题的本质（或关键）有关的
  the fundamental problem remains that of the housing shortage
  关键的问题依旧是住房短缺。
  Example sentencesExamples
  These are also the most thorny and fundamental issues affecting Taiwan's management of cross-strait trade and economic relations over the past decade.
  Justice, integrity and trust in fundamental institutions are essential social assets and social capital is as important as economic prosperity.
  For Democrats, it's an issue of fundamental importance and core values.
  And having achieved his narrow victory, the famous flip-flop on fundamental issues was second nature to Vajpayee.
  Some theoretical issues and fundamental material problems remain, however.
  Being able to go car shopping the way the majority of the population goes fruit shopping means that there are certain fundamental issues affecting this majority that these rulers know of only in theory.
  However, the YWCA has moved a step beyond this traditional focus in addressing some of the fundamental issues affecting women's lives.
  It was further inflated by fundamental changes to the nature of the exam, which critics say were designed to ensure that pass rates continued to rise.
  Does not this correspondence constitute the fundamental trait of our nature?
  This is an issue of the most fundamental importance - treating all human beings with dignity.
  What is not a matter of such estimation for me, but rather an issue of fundamental principle, is that of whether I can belong to an organization publicly committed to an anti-Semitic policy.
  The contents offer a crucial test for theories describing the fundamental nature of matter and energy.
  Schrum, despite her lapses in thinking, has a number of interesting points on the pedagogical decisions necessary about the fundamental nature of an online course.
  Most important of all, there is a fundamental misreading of the nature of the relationships at work here.
  A lot has changed environ-mentally since then, he added, but fundamental issues and human nature have remained the same.
  However, the two underlying fundamental principles that are essential for good design are either frangibility or non-penetration with controlled redirection.
  It is our hope that their legacies will not be tarnished by an inconsistent stand on the conflict between science and religion, an issue of fundamental importance to all mankind.
  An optical switch is one of several essential elements of fundamental technology required for optical signal processing in photonic networks of the future.
  Homeyer's organic vision stems from his childhood love of ‘dirt and plants and growing things’ and is rooted in a fundamental respect of nature.
  Such an interference by a local authority with the right of a person to pursue his livelihood without express statutory sanction raises an issue of fundamental principle.
  Synonyms
  crucial, vital, essential, of the essence, all-important, important, of the utmost importance, of great consequence, high-priority, paramount, pre-eminent, key, pivotal, deciding, decisive, climacteric, momentous
2. 1.2 So basic as to be hard to alter, resolve, or overcome.
  根深蒂固的
  the theories are based on a fundamental error
  这些理论建立在一个根深蒂固的错误之上。
  Example sentencesExamples
  You are hard pressed to assert a fundamental error in circumstances in which counsel seem to think nothing of it.
  After talks on the Treaty broke down in December, there was widespread pessimism that fundamental differences could not be overcome in the short term.
  In doing so, he has never tried to resolve the fundamental difference of opinion between the opposing wings of his party.
  It is no good using an advertising campaign to overcome fundamental faults in the design of the Pension Credit.
  And I think that's a very fundamental difference and approach to government between the two parties.
  This is a superficial examination as these decisions often turn on the precise facts of the case but regardless of the precise details this appears to represent a fundamental difference of approach.
  There were, in our respectful submission, some fundamental errors in the approach of the Full Court and I just wish to summarise those, without taking up too much of the time of the Court.
  It was this that led to Descartes's fundamental error - the reversal of the basic truth that the first operation of the mind has only real things for its object.
  There are little fundamental differences between the two sects and the basic teachings are those of Mahavira for both sects.
  But it is when the violence ends that this fundamental difference of approach during the war creates an intrinsic problem.
  It is this fundamental difference in approach to evaluating tests that frames much of the debate about the Rorschach.
  He becomes an of people, and this is a very basic fundamental error.
  First, and foremost, they submit that there was a fundamental error in the approach adopted by the Inspector to the question whether or not use was as of right or by permission.
  To my knowledge it's the only commercial product in the world that actually has resolved that fundamental problem.
  I mean, I really think is one of the basic problems here, is there's a fundamental difference.
  But for all the bravado of his pre-budget speech, there was arguably little that Brown could have said to resolve the fundamental contradiction at the heart of his vision for Britain.
  With its aim of containing the conflict rather than resolving it, the peace process draws the political parties into a dialogue without resolving any big political questions or fundamental differences.
  Thus his use of Hroch and Anderson on nationalism elides the fundamental difference between two approaches to the study of nationalism.
  This fear is so fundamental that it overcame other basic Australian traits - compassion, a helping hand, a fair go.
  This focuses us on the fundamental difference in approach between the Palestinians and the Israelis.

nounˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)əlˌfəndəˈmen(t)əl

usually fundamentals

1A central or primary rule or principle on which something is based.
根本法则，基本原则
two courses cover the fundamentals of microbiology
两门课程涵盖了微生物学的基本原理。
Example sentencesExamples
- Islam's fundamentals are based on some eternal truths that can easily cope with peripheral polarities.
- It is relevant if we stick to the fundamentals, if we interpret them correctly.
- This textbook takes a unified view of the fundamentals of wireless communication and explains the web of concepts underpinning these advances at a level accessible to an audience with a basic background in probability and digital communication.
- While in Guyana, Tambling taught a course on the fundamentals of health.
- But good ideas backed by sound fundamentals will usually get a good hearing.
- Because all that we say and all that we do is based on those fundamentals.
- Women play more of a team game based on fundamentals, execution, and good shooting.
- It has style and feeling but does not sacrifice the fundamentals of a polished presentation.
- Even when I was training, the emphasis was always on the basics and fundamentals.
- This basics course touches on the fundamentals of retirement plans, education savings plans and more.
- The young ladies were taught much more than fundamentals, rules and regulations of the game.
- This book presents fundamentals of conflict resolution and peer mediation in schools.
- Of course, if the fundamentals of the business have deteriorated I can walk away with just half the losses.
- I sit up in the stands with the rest of the team and get a crash course in the game's fundamentals.
- It was interesting just seeing how the nitty gritty fundamentals of business works.
- Teaches fundamentals of programming including principles of structured code and top-down design.
- This ratio adds a market value dimension to the model that isn't based on pure fundamentals.
- A return to these fundamentals could be the bedrock of a true religious resurgence.
- Without arguing, how can you possibly explore the fundamentals of an idea?
- The economic fundamentals suggest that the rupiah is way undervalued.
Synonyms
basics, essentials, rudiments, foundations, basic principles, first principles, preliminaries
1. 1.1 A fundamental note, tone, or frequency.
  根音；基音；基频
  Example sentencesExamples
  The second harmonic from the external resonator could be synchronously scanned with the fundamental.
  I have been interested in the harmonic series in general and in the interaction of two harmonic series based on two fundamentals.
  The standing wave with the longest wavelength is called the fundamental; the overtone number keeps count of the number of half-wavelengths.
  The beating between adjacent harmonics causes the brain to ‘hear’ the non-existent fundamental.
  In the Hammond organ, the fundamental and up to eight harmonics were available and were controlled by means of drawbars and preset keys or buttons.

Origin

Late Middle English: from French fondamental, or late Latin fundamentalis, from Latin fundamentum, from fundare ‘to found’.

词汇	fundamental
释义	Definition of fundamental in English: fundamental adjective fʌndəˈmɛnt(ə)lˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)əl 1Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance. 基本的，根本的，基础的，核心的 the protection of fundamental human rights 对基本人权的保护。 interpretation of evidence is fundamental to the historian's craft 解释证据是历史学家的基本功。 Example sentencesExamples And yet, human interaction is fundamental to our existence and the ability to communicate with clarity and understanding is a vitally important skill. He said: ‘Many people think the removal of the fence is fundamental to the success of any dialogue.’ But the issue in California, because Hispanics are so integrated and so fundamental to the society of California, indeed the entire country. Le Terroir, the all-important combination of climate, soil, and grape variety that are fundamental to the creation of champagne, is considered unique. Some of my concerns are fairly fundamental to the voting process and the secrecy of voting. The appearance of the Social Democrats Movement less than a year ago introduced a few points, which are fundamental to their attitude towards the country's political scene. Said Donohue: ‘It is about something so fundamental to what we do here at the chamber that we can't walk away from it.’ This is fundamental to human rights and the application of international law. So to the extent we're talking about natural plant communities developing, then that's just one of those processes which is fundamental to the National Parks system. The public are entitled to play a meaningful role within the planning system and granting ‘third-party rights of appeal’ is fundamental to achieving this. Not since 1947, when the strategy for containing the Soviet Union was designed, have matters so fundamental to American grand strategy been up for grabs. Because multiculturalism is fundamental to our mission it needs to be present in both places. Although the stunt was deliberately daft, the point was fundamental to the legal argument the group's activists have used hundreds of times in tiny district courts in Helensburgh and Dumbarton. So it's very important that brands do become a part of event-based TV, because they're fundamental to us creating event-based TV. Freedom of belief (note the Western turn of phrase) is fundamental to human rights, and it was Islam that first proclaimed this value. The rhythms and forms of Yoruba religion are said to be fundamental to the development of many types of African-American music, from gospel to blues and jazz, as well as salsa and Latin jazz. Stock options and corporate bonuses are no more fundamental to the achievement of scientific advance than were Soviet medals and patriotic exhortations. Building local social connections and informal support is fundamental to preventing child abuse and neglect and to building resilience in children and vulnerable families. ‘Improving the infrastructure is fundamental to improving our image in order to make the show ground a place where people really want to come,’ said Mr Vincent. Synonyms basic, foundational, rudimentary, elemental, elementary, underlying, basal, radical, root primary, cardinal, initial, original, prime, first, primitive, primordial principal, chief, capital, key, central structural, organic, constitutional, inherent, intrinsic, ingrained vital, essential, important, indispensable, necessary, crucial, pivotal, critical 1.1 Affecting or relating to the essential nature of something or the crucial point about an issue. 至关重要的；影响问题的本质（或关键）的；与问题的本质（或关键）有关的 the fundamental problem remains that of the housing shortage 关键的问题依旧是住房短缺。 Example sentencesExamples Does not this correspondence constitute the fundamental trait of our nature? For Democrats, it's an issue of fundamental importance and core values. Homeyer's organic vision stems from his childhood love of ‘dirt and plants and growing things’ and is rooted in a fundamental respect of nature. It is our hope that their legacies will not be tarnished by an inconsistent stand on the conflict between science and religion, an issue of fundamental importance to all mankind. However, the YWCA has moved a step beyond this traditional focus in addressing some of the fundamental issues affecting women's lives. Being able to go car shopping the way the majority of the population goes fruit shopping means that there are certain fundamental issues affecting this majority that these rulers know of only in theory. An optical switch is one of several essential elements of fundamental technology required for optical signal processing in photonic networks of the future. This is an issue of the most fundamental importance - treating all human beings with dignity. These are also the most thorny and fundamental issues affecting Taiwan's management of cross-strait trade and economic relations over the past decade. Justice, integrity and trust in fundamental institutions are essential social assets and social capital is as important as economic prosperity. A lot has changed environ-mentally since then, he added, but fundamental issues and human nature have remained the same. What is not a matter of such estimation for me, but rather an issue of fundamental principle, is that of whether I can belong to an organization publicly committed to an anti-Semitic policy. Such an interference by a local authority with the right of a person to pursue his livelihood without express statutory sanction raises an issue of fundamental principle. However, the two underlying fundamental principles that are essential for good design are either frangibility or non-penetration with controlled redirection. It was further inflated by fundamental changes to the nature of the exam, which critics say were designed to ensure that pass rates continued to rise. Some theoretical issues and fundamental material problems remain, however. Schrum, despite her lapses in thinking, has a number of interesting points on the pedagogical decisions necessary about the fundamental nature of an online course. The contents offer a crucial test for theories describing the fundamental nature of matter and energy. And having achieved his narrow victory, the famous flip-flop on fundamental issues was second nature to Vajpayee. Most important of all, there is a fundamental misreading of the nature of the relationships at work here. Synonyms crucial, vital, essential, of the essence, all-important, important, of the utmost importance, of great consequence, high-priority, paramount, pre-eminent, key, pivotal, deciding, decisive, climacteric, momentous 1.2 So basic as to be hard to alter, resolve, or overcome. 根深蒂固的 the theories are based on a fundamental error 这些理论建立在一个根深蒂固的错误之上。 Example sentencesExamples With its aim of containing the conflict rather than resolving it, the peace process draws the political parties into a dialogue without resolving any big political questions or fundamental differences. It was this that led to Descartes's fundamental error - the reversal of the basic truth that the first operation of the mind has only real things for its object. He becomes an of people, and this is a very basic fundamental error. And I think that's a very fundamental difference and approach to government between the two parties. First, and foremost, they submit that there was a fundamental error in the approach adopted by the Inspector to the question whether or not use was as of right or by permission. In doing so, he has never tried to resolve the fundamental difference of opinion between the opposing wings of his party. I mean, I really think is one of the basic problems here, is there's a fundamental difference. But for all the bravado of his pre-budget speech, there was arguably little that Brown could have said to resolve the fundamental contradiction at the heart of his vision for Britain. It is no good using an advertising campaign to overcome fundamental faults in the design of the Pension Credit. To my knowledge it's the only commercial product in the world that actually has resolved that fundamental problem. But it is when the violence ends that this fundamental difference of approach during the war creates an intrinsic problem. It is this fundamental difference in approach to evaluating tests that frames much of the debate about the Rorschach. This fear is so fundamental that it overcame other basic Australian traits - compassion, a helping hand, a fair go. This is a superficial examination as these decisions often turn on the precise facts of the case but regardless of the precise details this appears to represent a fundamental difference of approach. Thus his use of Hroch and Anderson on nationalism elides the fundamental difference between two approaches to the study of nationalism. After talks on the Treaty broke down in December, there was widespread pessimism that fundamental differences could not be overcome in the short term. There were, in our respectful submission, some fundamental errors in the approach of the Full Court and I just wish to summarise those, without taking up too much of the time of the Court. You are hard pressed to assert a fundamental error in circumstances in which counsel seem to think nothing of it. There are little fundamental differences between the two sects and the basic teachings are those of Mahavira for both sects. This focuses us on the fundamental difference in approach between the Palestinians and the Israelis. noun fʌndəˈmɛnt(ə)lˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)əl 1usually fundamentalsA central or primary rule or principle on which something is based. 根本法则，基本原则 two courses cover the fundamentals of microbiology 两门课程涵盖了微生物学的基本原理。 Example sentencesExamples Women play more of a team game based on fundamentals, execution, and good shooting. It has style and feeling but does not sacrifice the fundamentals of a polished presentation. I sit up in the stands with the rest of the team and get a crash course in the game's fundamentals. Of course, if the fundamentals of the business have deteriorated I can walk away with just half the losses. The young ladies were taught much more than fundamentals, rules and regulations of the game. Without arguing, how can you possibly explore the fundamentals of an idea? This textbook takes a unified view of the fundamentals of wireless communication and explains the web of concepts underpinning these advances at a level accessible to an audience with a basic background in probability and digital communication. This book presents fundamentals of conflict resolution and peer mediation in schools. A return to these fundamentals could be the bedrock of a true religious resurgence. But good ideas backed by sound fundamentals will usually get a good hearing. Islam's fundamentals are based on some eternal truths that can easily cope with peripheral polarities. It was interesting just seeing how the nitty gritty fundamentals of business works. The economic fundamentals suggest that the rupiah is way undervalued. Because all that we say and all that we do is based on those fundamentals. Teaches fundamentals of programming including principles of structured code and top-down design. This ratio adds a market value dimension to the model that isn't based on pure fundamentals. Even when I was training, the emphasis was always on the basics and fundamentals. While in Guyana, Tambling taught a course on the fundamentals of health. This basics course touches on the fundamentals of retirement plans, education savings plans and more. It is relevant if we stick to the fundamentals, if we interpret them correctly. Synonyms basics, essentials, rudiments, foundations, basic principles, first principles, preliminaries crux, essence, core, nucleus, heart, base, bedrock, groundwork, crux of the matter, heart of the matter Latin sine qua non informal nuts and bolts, nitty-gritty, brass tacks, ABC 2Music A fundamental note, tone, or frequency. 根音；基音；基频 Example sentencesExamples In the Hammond organ, the fundamental and up to eight harmonics were available and were controlled by means of drawbars and preset keys or buttons. The standing wave with the longest wavelength is called the fundamental; the overtone number keeps count of the number of half-wavelengths. The beating between adjacent harmonics causes the brain to ‘hear’ the non-existent fundamental. The second harmonic from the external resonator could be synchronously scanned with the fundamental. I have been interested in the harmonic series in general and in the interaction of two harmonic series based on two fundamentals. Derivatives fundamentality noun fʌndəmɛnˈtalɪti For a court intent on denying the fundamentality of a claimed right, it is always possible to read the prior cases narrowly - and to define the newly claimed right so narrowly that it looks ridiculous. Example sentencesExamples This is exactly where the fundamentality of symmetry fails and is limited by our practical calculation. Joan of Arc, I believe, was a revolutionary leader whose tragic end is a further affirmation of the fundamentality of the causes she championed. Lawyers will recognize this as related to present-day incorporation through the due process clause, but this differs in requiring no showing of fundamentality. True, science had made enormous advancements: by way of understanding the fundamentalities of nature we now were able to control and manipulate these laws and an enormous progress in technology was the result. Origin Late Middle English: from French fondamental, or late Latin fundamentalis, from Latin fundamentum, from fundare 'to found'. Definition of fundamental in US English: fundamental adjectiveˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)əlˌfəndəˈmen(t)əl 1Forming a necessary base or core; of central importance. 基本的，根本的，基础的，核心的 the protection of fundamental human rights 对基本人权的保护。 interpretation of evidence is fundamental to the historian's craft 解释证据是历史学家的基本功。 Example sentencesExamples But the issue in California, because Hispanics are so integrated and so fundamental to the society of California, indeed the entire country. Le Terroir, the all-important combination of climate, soil, and grape variety that are fundamental to the creation of champagne, is considered unique. And yet, human interaction is fundamental to our existence and the ability to communicate with clarity and understanding is a vitally important skill. The rhythms and forms of Yoruba religion are said to be fundamental to the development of many types of African-American music, from gospel to blues and jazz, as well as salsa and Latin jazz. Although the stunt was deliberately daft, the point was fundamental to the legal argument the group's activists have used hundreds of times in tiny district courts in Helensburgh and Dumbarton. Some of my concerns are fairly fundamental to the voting process and the secrecy of voting. This is fundamental to human rights and the application of international law. The public are entitled to play a meaningful role within the planning system and granting ‘third-party rights of appeal’ is fundamental to achieving this. Stock options and corporate bonuses are no more fundamental to the achievement of scientific advance than were Soviet medals and patriotic exhortations. So to the extent we're talking about natural plant communities developing, then that's just one of those processes which is fundamental to the National Parks system. ‘Improving the infrastructure is fundamental to improving our image in order to make the show ground a place where people really want to come,’ said Mr Vincent. So it's very important that brands do become a part of event-based TV, because they're fundamental to us creating event-based TV. Freedom of belief (note the Western turn of phrase) is fundamental to human rights, and it was Islam that first proclaimed this value. He said: ‘Many people think the removal of the fence is fundamental to the success of any dialogue.’ The appearance of the Social Democrats Movement less than a year ago introduced a few points, which are fundamental to their attitude towards the country's political scene. Because multiculturalism is fundamental to our mission it needs to be present in both places. Not since 1947, when the strategy for containing the Soviet Union was designed, have matters so fundamental to American grand strategy been up for grabs. Said Donohue: ‘It is about something so fundamental to what we do here at the chamber that we can't walk away from it.’ Building local social connections and informal support is fundamental to preventing child abuse and neglect and to building resilience in children and vulnerable families. Synonyms basic, foundational, rudimentary, elemental, elementary, underlying, basal, radical, root 1.1 Affecting or relating to the essential nature of something or the crucial point about an issue. 至关重要的；影响问题的本质（或关键）的；与问题的本质（或关键）有关的 the fundamental problem remains that of the housing shortage 关键的问题依旧是住房短缺。 Example sentencesExamples These are also the most thorny and fundamental issues affecting Taiwan's management of cross-strait trade and economic relations over the past decade. Justice, integrity and trust in fundamental institutions are essential social assets and social capital is as important as economic prosperity. For Democrats, it's an issue of fundamental importance and core values. And having achieved his narrow victory, the famous flip-flop on fundamental issues was second nature to Vajpayee. Some theoretical issues and fundamental material problems remain, however. Being able to go car shopping the way the majority of the population goes fruit shopping means that there are certain fundamental issues affecting this majority that these rulers know of only in theory. However, the YWCA has moved a step beyond this traditional focus in addressing some of the fundamental issues affecting women's lives. It was further inflated by fundamental changes to the nature of the exam, which critics say were designed to ensure that pass rates continued to rise. Does not this correspondence constitute the fundamental trait of our nature? This is an issue of the most fundamental importance - treating all human beings with dignity. What is not a matter of such estimation for me, but rather an issue of fundamental principle, is that of whether I can belong to an organization publicly committed to an anti-Semitic policy. The contents offer a crucial test for theories describing the fundamental nature of matter and energy. Schrum, despite her lapses in thinking, has a number of interesting points on the pedagogical decisions necessary about the fundamental nature of an online course. Most important of all, there is a fundamental misreading of the nature of the relationships at work here. A lot has changed environ-mentally since then, he added, but fundamental issues and human nature have remained the same. However, the two underlying fundamental principles that are essential for good design are either frangibility or non-penetration with controlled redirection. It is our hope that their legacies will not be tarnished by an inconsistent stand on the conflict between science and religion, an issue of fundamental importance to all mankind. An optical switch is one of several essential elements of fundamental technology required for optical signal processing in photonic networks of the future. Homeyer's organic vision stems from his childhood love of ‘dirt and plants and growing things’ and is rooted in a fundamental respect of nature. Such an interference by a local authority with the right of a person to pursue his livelihood without express statutory sanction raises an issue of fundamental principle. Synonyms crucial, vital, essential, of the essence, all-important, important, of the utmost importance, of great consequence, high-priority, paramount, pre-eminent, key, pivotal, deciding, decisive, climacteric, momentous 1.2 So basic as to be hard to alter, resolve, or overcome. 根深蒂固的 the theories are based on a fundamental error 这些理论建立在一个根深蒂固的错误之上。 Example sentencesExamples You are hard pressed to assert a fundamental error in circumstances in which counsel seem to think nothing of it. After talks on the Treaty broke down in December, there was widespread pessimism that fundamental differences could not be overcome in the short term. In doing so, he has never tried to resolve the fundamental difference of opinion between the opposing wings of his party. It is no good using an advertising campaign to overcome fundamental faults in the design of the Pension Credit. And I think that's a very fundamental difference and approach to government between the two parties. This is a superficial examination as these decisions often turn on the precise facts of the case but regardless of the precise details this appears to represent a fundamental difference of approach. There were, in our respectful submission, some fundamental errors in the approach of the Full Court and I just wish to summarise those, without taking up too much of the time of the Court. It was this that led to Descartes's fundamental error - the reversal of the basic truth that the first operation of the mind has only real things for its object. There are little fundamental differences between the two sects and the basic teachings are those of Mahavira for both sects. But it is when the violence ends that this fundamental difference of approach during the war creates an intrinsic problem. It is this fundamental difference in approach to evaluating tests that frames much of the debate about the Rorschach. He becomes an of people, and this is a very basic fundamental error. First, and foremost, they submit that there was a fundamental error in the approach adopted by the Inspector to the question whether or not use was as of right or by permission. To my knowledge it's the only commercial product in the world that actually has resolved that fundamental problem. I mean, I really think is one of the basic problems here, is there's a fundamental difference. But for all the bravado of his pre-budget speech, there was arguably little that Brown could have said to resolve the fundamental contradiction at the heart of his vision for Britain. With its aim of containing the conflict rather than resolving it, the peace process draws the political parties into a dialogue without resolving any big political questions or fundamental differences. Thus his use of Hroch and Anderson on nationalism elides the fundamental difference between two approaches to the study of nationalism. This fear is so fundamental that it overcame other basic Australian traits - compassion, a helping hand, a fair go. This focuses us on the fundamental difference in approach between the Palestinians and the Israelis. nounˌfəndəˈmɛn(t)əlˌfəndəˈmen(t)əl usually fundamentals 1A central or primary rule or principle on which something is based. 根本法则，基本原则 two courses cover the fundamentals of microbiology 两门课程涵盖了微生物学的基本原理。 Example sentencesExamples Islam's fundamentals are based on some eternal truths that can easily cope with peripheral polarities. It is relevant if we stick to the fundamentals, if we interpret them correctly. This textbook takes a unified view of the fundamentals of wireless communication and explains the web of concepts underpinning these advances at a level accessible to an audience with a basic background in probability and digital communication. While in Guyana, Tambling taught a course on the fundamentals of health. But good ideas backed by sound fundamentals will usually get a good hearing. Because all that we say and all that we do is based on those fundamentals. Women play more of a team game based on fundamentals, execution, and good shooting. It has style and feeling but does not sacrifice the fundamentals of a polished presentation. Even when I was training, the emphasis was always on the basics and fundamentals. This basics course touches on the fundamentals of retirement plans, education savings plans and more. The young ladies were taught much more than fundamentals, rules and regulations of the game. This book presents fundamentals of conflict resolution and peer mediation in schools. Of course, if the fundamentals of the business have deteriorated I can walk away with just half the losses. I sit up in the stands with the rest of the team and get a crash course in the game's fundamentals. It was interesting just seeing how the nitty gritty fundamentals of business works. Teaches fundamentals of programming including principles of structured code and top-down design. This ratio adds a market value dimension to the model that isn't based on pure fundamentals. A return to these fundamentals could be the bedrock of a true religious resurgence. Without arguing, how can you possibly explore the fundamentals of an idea? The economic fundamentals suggest that the rupiah is way undervalued. Synonyms basics, essentials, rudiments, foundations, basic principles, first principles, preliminaries 1.1 A fundamental note, tone, or frequency. 根音；基音；基频 Example sentencesExamples The second harmonic from the external resonator could be synchronously scanned with the fundamental. I have been interested in the harmonic series in general and in the interaction of two harmonic series based on two fundamentals. The standing wave with the longest wavelength is called the fundamental; the overtone number keeps count of the number of half-wavelengths. The beating between adjacent harmonics causes the brain to ‘hear’ the non-existent fundamental. In the Hammond organ, the fundamental and up to eight harmonics were available and were controlled by means of drawbars and preset keys or buttons. Origin Late Middle English: from French fondamental, or late Latin fundamentalis, from Latin fundamentum, from fundare ‘to found’.
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