| 释义 |
noun ɡɔːlɡɔl mass noun1Bold and impudent behaviour. 无耻大胆的举止，厚颜无耻 the bank had the gall to demand a fee 银行竟有脸收费。 Example sentencesExamples - What the French lack in reason they make up for in sheer gall.
- The piece is written with an almost amused incredulity at the sheer gall of the scheme.
- To legislate for artistic imagination is an intellectual conceit that for sheer gall takes the breath away.
- I wasn't there fault that they did realize that things had changed not that it didn't keep her from dusting them for sheer gall of trying to attack her.
- And then, somebody had the unmitigated gall to shop those tapes around to media outlets in order to sell them to the highest bidder.
- You really have a lot of gall, Mackenzie, to come right up and say all these things.
- What a hat full of horsefeathers; what a hoary hunk of chutzpah; what a grotesque, galloping glob of gall this guy is!
- In hockey terms, spine is guts, grit, gumption and gall.
- ‘If nothing else you have gall,’ he nodded and she gave a Cheshire smile to the offhanded compliment as he lit his cigar, the smell of it immediately coming to her attention.
- This boy obviously had a lot of gall, threatening and challenging him like this.
- I mustered up enough gall to snatch the rose from his spinning fingers, toss it away, and interlace my fingers with his own.
- I looked furiously from her to the one who'd had enough gall to do this.
- Never once did she remind him that she was his prized assassin, the only female with enough gall to commit repetitive and senseless acts of violence.
- I can't believe we have such ungrateful whiners in this place that have the hide and gall to call themselves Aussies.
- I have been in politics a while - not long enough, obviously - but I have been in politics a while and I have seen some examples of impertinence, cheek, and gall, but that last speech beats them all.
- ‘You always have such gall,’ she stated trying to avoid looking at his face.
- You almost have to admire the sheer gall of it all.
- I think we should have an awed silence in honour of the sheer unbelievable gall of that one.
- The defendant then has the unmitigated gall to blame his recent bankruptcy on these court proceedings.
- But, if his responses to past adversity are an accurate guide, long-term suffering will be felt only by those with gall enough to challenge the depth of his current supremacy.
Synonyms impudence, insolence, impertinence, cheek, cheekiness, nerve, audacity, brazenness, effrontery, temerity, presumption, presumptuousness, brashness, shamelessness, pertness, boldness bad manners, rudeness, impoliteness informal brass neck, brass, neck, face, chutzpah, cockiness British informal sauce, sauciness Scottish informal snash North American informal sass, sassiness, nerviness informal, dated hide British informal, dated crust rare malapertness, procacity, assumption 2The contents of the gall bladder; bile (proverbial for its bitterness). 胆汁（以苦涩闻名） Example sentencesExamples - There they offered Jesus wine to drink, mixed with gall; but after tasting it, he refused to drink it.
- It is said to be the fish with whose gall Tobit recovered his sight, although it seems improbable that a fish of this species should have leapt out of the River Tigris.
- Raphael helped him to catch a fish, the heart, liver and gall of which were used by Tobias to drive away a demon and cure his father's blindness.
- In central Ontario, eight species of parasitoids and a Periclistus inquiline are associated with this gall.
- And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull, They gave Him Vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when He had tasted thereof, He would not drink.
- They gave Him sour wine mingled with gall to drink.
- The result of Raychel's beating is directly carried over to the Roman soldier forcing Jesus to drink gall.
Synonyms acrimony, resentment, rancour, sourness, acerbity, asperity bitterness, bile, spleen, malice, spite, spitefulness, malignity, venom, vitriol, poison, malevolence, virulence, nastiness, animosity, antipathy, hostility, enmity, bad blood, ill feeling, ill will, animus literary choler - 2.1count noun An animal's gall bladder.
（动物的）胆囊 the trade in animal parts such as bear galls Example sentencesExamples - They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.
- Whoever killed Russell's bears was not out poaching gall, Pavel believed.
- Dried and sold as an aphrodisiac and cure-all in Asia, Russia, and North America, bear gall has long been treasure for poachers.
- 2.2 Used to refer to something bitter or cruel.
痛苦（或残忍）之事 accept life's gall without blaming somebody else 无怨地忍受生活的痛苦。 Example sentencesExamples - It's always a bit crushing when you lose something that was yours but there is a special bitter gall when that thing is logging your progress in a 10,000 a day stepathon.
- How quickly I fall back to my evil ways when I force You to drink the bitter gall of mankind's sin - instead of refreshing water that will temporarily soothe Your thirsty and battered body.
OriginOld English gealla (denoting bile), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gal, German Galle 'gall', from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kholē and Latin fel 'bile'. yellow from Old English: As with other colour words such as auburn and brown, the root of yellow probably referred to a wider range of colours than the modern word. It shares an ancestor with gold (see golden), but is also related to gall (Old English), bile (mid 17th century), and the final element of melancholy, all of which derive from the greenish colour of bile. The yellow egg yolk (Old English), which could be spelt yelk into the 17th century, was also related to yellow. In the 17th century yellow rather than green was the colour of jealousy, possibly with the idea of a jealous person being ‘jaundiced’ or bitter. The word jaundice (Middle English) is from Old French jaune ‘yellow’, from the symptomatic yellowish complexion. Yellow is now associated with cowardice, a link that began in the 1850s in the USA. Since the 1920s a coward has been said to be yellow-bellied or a yellow-belly.
Rhymesall, appal (US appall), awl, Bacall, ball, bawl, befall, Bengal, brawl, call, caul, crawl, Donegal, drawl, drywall, enthral (US enthrall), fall, forestall, Galle, Gaul, hall, haul, maul, miaul, miscall, Montreal, Naipaul, Nepal, orle, pall, Paul, pawl, Saul, schorl, scrawl, seawall, Senegal, shawl, small, sprawl, squall, stall, stonewall, tall, thrall, trawl, wall, waul, wherewithal, withal, yawl noun ɡɔːlɡɔl 1mass noun Annoyance or resentment. he was filled with gall at the suspected ambitions of his old enemies Example sentencesExamples - Learning that his quarry had given him a slip a glowering devil seemed to rage within the king's heart, raising dark and savage gall.
Synonyms irritation, irritant, annoyance, vexation, pest, nuisance, provocation, bother, torment, plague, source of vexation, source of irritation, source of annoyance, thorn in one's side/flesh informal aggravation, peeve, pain, pain in one's neck, bind, bore, headache, hassle Scottish informal nyaff, skelf North American informal pain in the butt, nudnik, burr under someone's saddle Australian/New Zealand informal nark 2A sore on the skin made by chafing. （皮肤）擦伤处 Synonyms sore, ulcer, ulceration, canker abrasion, scrape, scratch, graze, chafe
verb ɡɔːlɡɔl [with object]1Make (someone) feel annoyed or resentful. 使（某人）恼怒，烦恼 it galled him to have to sit impotently in silence Example sentencesExamples - But what really galls me is when the marketers target children.
- Given the phrasing, it's difficult not to suspect that he was galled to discover that he was no more popular than a writer who, at that stage in her career, had published only a small volume of poems and a children's book.
- And it just galls me that the Republicans are always talking about two things, Christianity and family values.
- That's what galls me more than anything: the continual condemnation of young people to means-testing, division and poor nutrition.
- But what galls me is that it promised all these sickening smells would be a thing of the past when the incinerator was built.
- Yes indeed, and clearly that's galling the people who are holding those three Italian hostages, originally four.
- What also galls me is that these women are claiming not only sex, but femininity itself as a uniformly passive, gentle, loving, pacifist attribute.
- What is galling most people about the situation is that it was instigated by our own Minister who seems to be blaming everyone from his own Fisheries Officers, Europe and fishermen's so called lack of flexibility.
- It galled him that soldiers had driven so hard to penetrate the city, only to have a buffoon in a beret belittle them to the world.
- It galls me that some people are trying to take full credit for the new hospital now.
- What really galls me is that services for elderly people are woeful - disgraceful in fact - and these are people who have paid taxes all their lives.
- The article implies that there is no active company, which is an insult to the hard work of my contracted roster of singers, and that is what really galls me the most.
- What galls him most, Boris says, is that he would gladly have worked off his fines through community service, but the city denied him this option.
- What galls me more, I guess, than American fast food culture and all that this entails is the bullying, we're right you're wrong and we'll fight you for it attitude.
- What really galls me is that the French have their Foreign Legion and don't give a damn.
- It galls me that I'm able to say things like ‘Fifteen years ago, I won a trip to Washington DC’ and I'm able to remember it as clearly as yesterday, even though it was almost half-my-life ago.
- And even though it will gall us as a community to accept the killers of a Garda strutting around as free as birds after being found guilty by the courts just a few years ago, we will have to bite our tongues and keep going.
- But I'm most galled by the inaccuracy of how the study's results are misleadingly characterized.
- London is a wonderful city and it galls me that I don't make the most of it.
- And it's principle, not money, that's galling him.
Synonyms irritate, annoy, vex, make angry, make cross, anger, exasperate, irk, pique, put out, displease, get/put someone's back up, antagonize, get on someone's nerves, rub up the wrong way, ruffle, ruffle someone's feathers, make someone's hackles rise, raise someone's hackles infuriate, madden, drive to distraction, goad, provoke informal aggravate, peeve, hassle, miff, rile, nettle, needle, get, get to, bug, hack off, get under someone's skin, get in someone's hair, get up someone's nose, put someone's nose out of joint, get someone's goat, rattle someone's cage, get someone's dander up, drive mad/crazy, drive round the bend/twist, drive up the wall, make someone see red British informal wind up, nark, get across, get on someone's wick, give someone the hump North American informal tee off, tick off, burn up, rankle, ride, gravel New Zealand informal rark informal, dated give someone the pip rare exacerbate, hump, rasp 2Make sore by rubbing. 擦痛，磨痛 the straps that galled their shoulders 那些磨痛了他们肩膀的带子。 Synonyms chafe, abrade, rub (against), rub painfully, rub raw, scrape, graze, skin, scratch, rasp, bark, fret rare excoriate
OriginOld English gealle 'sore on a horse', perhaps related to gall1; superseded in Middle English by forms from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. noun ɡɔːlɡɔl 1An abnormal growth formed in response to the presence of insect larvae, mites, or fungi on plants and trees, especially oaks. 瘿，虫瘿，菌瘿 a single grub feeds on its gall for two years before emerging the witch hazel had developed leaf galls Example sentencesExamples - Damage to leaves caused by insects appears widespread and includes traces of feeding, leaf mines and galls.
- At one time it was believed that the bacterium lived in the soil like its relative that causes galls on other plants.
- When the larvae hatch, they feed inside the shoots, causing the plant to produce galls about the size of a large marble.
- None of the Fort Severn galls issued inhabitants; however, the presence of galls confirms that the species can survive here.
- About twenty species in the deserts of Australia occupy galls, plant tissues that have been modified by feeding insects to form a hollow cavity.
- The female gall fly lays her eggs in young buds, causing the plant to form galls.
- But for aphids living inside plant galls, the risk of getting stuck or even drowning in their own sticky waste is quite real.
- In early spring, these aphids form pouch-shaped galls on the hybrids' leaves; living and breeding within the galls, the insects feed on the trees' nutritious sap stream.
- This orange gelatinous material, which contains thousands of spores, oozes out of chocolate-colored galls present on affected branches.
- The flies' larvae build galls within the flower buds and steal some of the plant's energy, leading to a reduction in the number of seeds that develop.
- In the spring I saw some old blackened pods and thought they were insect galls.
- The damage includes feeding traces, predominantly continuous marginal feeding traces, leaf mines including linear and possible blotch varieties and probable leaf galls.
- Among the garden plants with interesting diseases seen recently were clematis affected by a microscopic rust fungus which caused huge galls on the stem, and a disfiguring pathogenic algae on Hardenburgia, an ornamental climber.
- They will also eat small fruits, berries, and plant galls.
- Herbivorous attack was estimated by the number of attacked leaves and percentage of leaf area damaged, while gall-forming insect attacks were estimated from the number of leaves with galls and number of galls per individual plant.
- Foliar galls probably caused by mites also have been recognized on one gymnosperm species in the formation.
- The midge is an ephemeral 2-3 mm insect whose larva induces a gall on young unfurled S. viminalis leaves.
- She held out her gnarled hands, as twisted and brown as the galls of a walnut tree.
- Insect galls are likely to be resource sinks, drawing nutrients from other tissues of the host plant in addition to its own leaf.
- Leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, twigs, and insect galls can also be employed as medicine.
- 1.1as modifier Denoting insects or mites that produce galls.
（引起瘿的）昆虫；螨虫 瘿蝇。 Example sentencesExamples - In this paper, we report on how the formation of galls by the goldenrod gall fly has promoted a host shift and differentiation of the beetle Mordellistena convicta.
- The physically anchored genetic map is the first of any gall midge species.
- To combat it, agricultural agencies began to introduce gall flies of the genus Urophoro in the 1970s.
- The Cape ivy gall fly, Parafreutreta regalis, lays eggs in the tips of stems, where vines and leaves would normally develop.
- We will refer to these host-associated gall fly populations as ‘altissima’ flies and ‘gigantea’ flies.
- I chose gall insects, made drawings and sent in specimens with my essay.
- Pests particularly destructive to Norway spruce include gall aphids, white pine weevil, spider mites, Cytospora canker and Rhizosphaera needlecast.
- In Montana, gall flies released to limit knapweed turn out to provide a food bonanza for white-footed mice.
- For example, some plant clones attract more gall insects while at the same time some clones produce bigger galls, reducing the accessibility of larvae inside to natural enemies.
- If so, gall flies attacking S. canadensis may be under selection for earlier emergence.
- However, this parasitoid was completely absent from all sampled gall beetle populations.
- His team was the first to single out the insect, nicknamed the ‘melaleuca bud gall fly’ as a potential natural control of the aggressive melaleuca.
- Biological control agent number three is the melaleuca bud gall fly, Fergusonina turneri, which may prove effective in attacking melaleuca flower and leaf buds but in an entirely different way.
- The stem gall nematode, Anguina pacificae, is presently the most devastating pest of Poa annua putting greens in California.
- More recently, the gall midge has moved into the Houston area and become a cause of bud drop.
OriginMiddle English: via Old French from Latin galla. nounɡôlɡɔl 1Bold and impudent behavior. 无耻大胆的举止，厚颜无耻 the bank had the gall to demand a fee 银行竟有脸收费。 Example sentencesExamples - I mustered up enough gall to snatch the rose from his spinning fingers, toss it away, and interlace my fingers with his own.
- ‘You always have such gall,’ she stated trying to avoid looking at his face.
- But, if his responses to past adversity are an accurate guide, long-term suffering will be felt only by those with gall enough to challenge the depth of his current supremacy.
- I can't believe we have such ungrateful whiners in this place that have the hide and gall to call themselves Aussies.
- You really have a lot of gall, Mackenzie, to come right up and say all these things.
- What the French lack in reason they make up for in sheer gall.
- What a hat full of horsefeathers; what a hoary hunk of chutzpah; what a grotesque, galloping glob of gall this guy is!
- I wasn't there fault that they did realize that things had changed not that it didn't keep her from dusting them for sheer gall of trying to attack her.
- Never once did she remind him that she was his prized assassin, the only female with enough gall to commit repetitive and senseless acts of violence.
- You almost have to admire the sheer gall of it all.
- And then, somebody had the unmitigated gall to shop those tapes around to media outlets in order to sell them to the highest bidder.
- To legislate for artistic imagination is an intellectual conceit that for sheer gall takes the breath away.
- The piece is written with an almost amused incredulity at the sheer gall of the scheme.
- I think we should have an awed silence in honour of the sheer unbelievable gall of that one.
- The defendant then has the unmitigated gall to blame his recent bankruptcy on these court proceedings.
- I have been in politics a while - not long enough, obviously - but I have been in politics a while and I have seen some examples of impertinence, cheek, and gall, but that last speech beats them all.
- This boy obviously had a lot of gall, threatening and challenging him like this.
- In hockey terms, spine is guts, grit, gumption and gall.
- I looked furiously from her to the one who'd had enough gall to do this.
- ‘If nothing else you have gall,’ he nodded and she gave a Cheshire smile to the offhanded compliment as he lit his cigar, the smell of it immediately coming to her attention.
Synonyms impudence, insolence, impertinence, cheek, cheekiness, nerve, audacity, brazenness, effrontery, temerity, presumption, presumptuousness, brashness, shamelessness, pertness, boldness 2The contents of the gallbladder; bile (proverbial for its bitterness). 胆汁（以苦涩闻名） Example sentencesExamples - In central Ontario, eight species of parasitoids and a Periclistus inquiline are associated with this gall.
- And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull, They gave Him Vinegar to drink mingled with gall: and when He had tasted thereof, He would not drink.
- There they offered Jesus wine to drink, mixed with gall; but after tasting it, he refused to drink it.
- The result of Raychel's beating is directly carried over to the Roman soldier forcing Jesus to drink gall.
- Raphael helped him to catch a fish, the heart, liver and gall of which were used by Tobias to drive away a demon and cure his father's blindness.
- They gave Him sour wine mingled with gall to drink.
- It is said to be the fish with whose gall Tobit recovered his sight, although it seems improbable that a fish of this species should have leapt out of the River Tigris.
Synonyms acrimony, resentment, rancour, sourness, acerbity, asperity - 2.1 An animal's gallbladder.
（动物的）胆囊 Example sentencesExamples - Whoever killed Russell's bears was not out poaching gall, Pavel believed.
- Dried and sold as an aphrodisiac and cure-all in Asia, Russia, and North America, bear gall has long been treasure for poachers.
- They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.
- 2.2 Used to refer to something bitter or cruel.
痛苦（或残忍）之事 accept life's gall without blaming somebody else 无怨地忍受生活的痛苦。 Example sentencesExamples - How quickly I fall back to my evil ways when I force You to drink the bitter gall of mankind's sin - instead of refreshing water that will temporarily soothe Your thirsty and battered body.
- It's always a bit crushing when you lose something that was yours but there is a special bitter gall when that thing is logging your progress in a 10,000 a day stepathon.
OriginOld English gealla (denoting bile), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch gal, German Galle ‘gall’, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek kholē and Latin fel ‘bile’. nounɡôlɡɔl 1Annoyance; irritation. 恼怒；愤怒 he was filled with gall at the suspected ambitions of his old enemies Example sentencesExamples - Learning that his quarry had given him a slip a glowering devil seemed to rage within the king's heart, raising dark and savage gall.
Synonyms irritation, irritant, annoyance, vexation, pest, nuisance, provocation, bother, torment, plague, source of vexation, source of irritation, source of annoyance, thorn in one's flesh, thorn in one's side 2(especially of a horse) a sore on the skin made by chafing. （皮肤）擦伤处 Synonyms sore, ulcer, ulceration, canker
verbɡôlɡɔl [with object]1Make (someone) feel annoyed. 使（某人）恼怒，烦恼 he knew he was losing, and it galled him 公爵知道自己要输了，这令他大为恼火。 Example sentencesExamples - The article implies that there is no active company, which is an insult to the hard work of my contracted roster of singers, and that is what really galls me the most.
- What galls him most, Boris says, is that he would gladly have worked off his fines through community service, but the city denied him this option.
- What really galls me is that services for elderly people are woeful - disgraceful in fact - and these are people who have paid taxes all their lives.
- But what really galls me is when the marketers target children.
- What galls me more, I guess, than American fast food culture and all that this entails is the bullying, we're right you're wrong and we'll fight you for it attitude.
- It galled him that soldiers had driven so hard to penetrate the city, only to have a buffoon in a beret belittle them to the world.
- It galls me that I'm able to say things like ‘Fifteen years ago, I won a trip to Washington DC’ and I'm able to remember it as clearly as yesterday, even though it was almost half-my-life ago.
- What also galls me is that these women are claiming not only sex, but femininity itself as a uniformly passive, gentle, loving, pacifist attribute.
- And even though it will gall us as a community to accept the killers of a Garda strutting around as free as birds after being found guilty by the courts just a few years ago, we will have to bite our tongues and keep going.
- What really galls me is that the French have their Foreign Legion and don't give a damn.
- It galls me that some people are trying to take full credit for the new hospital now.
- But what galls me is that it promised all these sickening smells would be a thing of the past when the incinerator was built.
- That's what galls me more than anything: the continual condemnation of young people to means-testing, division and poor nutrition.
- And it's principle, not money, that's galling him.
- London is a wonderful city and it galls me that I don't make the most of it.
- But I'm most galled by the inaccuracy of how the study's results are misleadingly characterized.
- And it just galls me that the Republicans are always talking about two things, Christianity and family values.
- What is galling most people about the situation is that it was instigated by our own Minister who seems to be blaming everyone from his own Fisheries Officers, Europe and fishermen's so called lack of flexibility.
- Given the phrasing, it's difficult not to suspect that he was galled to discover that he was no more popular than a writer who, at that stage in her career, had published only a small volume of poems and a children's book.
- Yes indeed, and clearly that's galling the people who are holding those three Italian hostages, originally four.
Synonyms irritate, annoy, vex, make angry, make cross, anger, exasperate, irk, pique, put out, displease, get someone's back up, put someone's back up, antagonize, get on someone's nerves, rub up the wrong way, ruffle, ruffle someone's feathers, make someone's hackles rise, raise someone's hackles 2Make sore by rubbing. 擦痛，磨痛 the straps galled their shoulders 那些磨痛了他们肩膀的带子。 Synonyms chafe, abrade, rub, rub against, rub painfully, rub raw, scrape, graze, skin, scratch, rasp, bark, fret
OriginOld English gealle ‘sore on a horse’, perhaps related to gall; superseded in Middle English by forms from Middle Low German or Middle Dutch. nounɡôlɡɔl 1An abnormal growth formed on plants and trees, especially oaks, in response to the presence of insect larvae, mites, or fungi. 瘿，虫瘿，菌瘿 Example sentencesExamples - This orange gelatinous material, which contains thousands of spores, oozes out of chocolate-colored galls present on affected branches.
- Insect galls are likely to be resource sinks, drawing nutrients from other tissues of the host plant in addition to its own leaf.
- The female gall fly lays her eggs in young buds, causing the plant to form galls.
- The damage includes feeding traces, predominantly continuous marginal feeding traces, leaf mines including linear and possible blotch varieties and probable leaf galls.
- None of the Fort Severn galls issued inhabitants; however, the presence of galls confirms that the species can survive here.
- But for aphids living inside plant galls, the risk of getting stuck or even drowning in their own sticky waste is quite real.
- At one time it was believed that the bacterium lived in the soil like its relative that causes galls on other plants.
- Herbivorous attack was estimated by the number of attacked leaves and percentage of leaf area damaged, while gall-forming insect attacks were estimated from the number of leaves with galls and number of galls per individual plant.
- About twenty species in the deserts of Australia occupy galls, plant tissues that have been modified by feeding insects to form a hollow cavity.
- In the spring I saw some old blackened pods and thought they were insect galls.
- Among the garden plants with interesting diseases seen recently were clematis affected by a microscopic rust fungus which caused huge galls on the stem, and a disfiguring pathogenic algae on Hardenburgia, an ornamental climber.
- When the larvae hatch, they feed inside the shoots, causing the plant to produce galls about the size of a large marble.
- Damage to leaves caused by insects appears widespread and includes traces of feeding, leaf mines and galls.
- Foliar galls probably caused by mites also have been recognized on one gymnosperm species in the formation.
- They will also eat small fruits, berries, and plant galls.
- Leaves, flowers, roots, fruits, twigs, and insect galls can also be employed as medicine.
- In early spring, these aphids form pouch-shaped galls on the hybrids' leaves; living and breeding within the galls, the insects feed on the trees' nutritious sap stream.
- The flies' larvae build galls within the flower buds and steal some of the plant's energy, leading to a reduction in the number of seeds that develop.
- She held out her gnarled hands, as twisted and brown as the galls of a walnut tree.
- The midge is an ephemeral 2-3 mm insect whose larva induces a gall on young unfurled S. viminalis leaves.
- 1.1as modifier Denoting insects or mites that produce galls.
（引起瘿的）昆虫；螨虫 瘿蝇。 Example sentencesExamples - If so, gall flies attacking S. canadensis may be under selection for earlier emergence.
- Pests particularly destructive to Norway spruce include gall aphids, white pine weevil, spider mites, Cytospora canker and Rhizosphaera needlecast.
- We will refer to these host-associated gall fly populations as ‘altissima’ flies and ‘gigantea’ flies.
- In this paper, we report on how the formation of galls by the goldenrod gall fly has promoted a host shift and differentiation of the beetle Mordellistena convicta.
- The Cape ivy gall fly, Parafreutreta regalis, lays eggs in the tips of stems, where vines and leaves would normally develop.
- Biological control agent number three is the melaleuca bud gall fly, Fergusonina turneri, which may prove effective in attacking melaleuca flower and leaf buds but in an entirely different way.
- In Montana, gall flies released to limit knapweed turn out to provide a food bonanza for white-footed mice.
- To combat it, agricultural agencies began to introduce gall flies of the genus Urophoro in the 1970s.
- The stem gall nematode, Anguina pacificae, is presently the most devastating pest of Poa annua putting greens in California.
- I chose gall insects, made drawings and sent in specimens with my essay.
- For example, some plant clones attract more gall insects while at the same time some clones produce bigger galls, reducing the accessibility of larvae inside to natural enemies.
- His team was the first to single out the insect, nicknamed the ‘melaleuca bud gall fly’ as a potential natural control of the aggressive melaleuca.
- More recently, the gall midge has moved into the Houston area and become a cause of bud drop.
- However, this parasitoid was completely absent from all sampled gall beetle populations.
- The physically anchored genetic map is the first of any gall midge species.
OriginMiddle English: via Old French from Latin galla. |