Definition of litter in English:

litter

noun ˈlɪtəˈlɪdər

1mass noun Rubbish such as paper, cans, and bottles left lying in an open or public place.
（在公共场所乱扔的）废物，垃圾
always clear up after a picnic and never drop litter
as modifier a litter bin
Example sentencesExamples
- We all can put an end to litter in Kerry by simply disposing of rubbish in our bin and not leaving or throwing litter in a public place.
- They removed an estimated 700 pounds of litter and other rubbish.
- And it will become an offence to drop litter anywhere, not just on public land as has been the case until now.
- Unless we catch them throwing a bottle or dropping litter all we can do is ask them to leave.
- Remember all people caught dropping litter will be fined on the spot.
- Even at 9am the town centre doesn't appear to have had the industrial cleaners cleaning up from the previous day's rubbish and litter, and so it goes on.
- If I throw litter in my town, I am saying I do not care whether it is dirty.
- Every time the bridge opens, any litter dropped on the deck will automatically roll into special traps.
- Certainly the public has the primary responsibility not to drop litter and efforts can be intensified to clean up littered areas.
- The council introduced on-the-spot £50 fines for people dropping litter on the streets.
- Last week the town council passed a motion to spend a day picking up litter around the town.
- However, he admitted chewing gum litter was a nationwide problem.
- This new council administration which took over following the last election claims to be the party who will clean the borough up and get tough on the general public who drop litter in our streets.
- Anyone caught dropping litter in Manchester is liable to the £50 fine.
- From April 1, anyone over the age of 10 caught dropping litter could face a fine under the 1990 Environment Protection Act.
- We are not going to stop people putting litter on the ground.
- Be a bit more eco-friendly and leave less litter around the place.
- In addition to rubbish collection and street sweeping, they clear litter from the open spaces in twelve of the council's estates.
- Money galore can be pumped into cleanliness but you cannot stop Joe Public from undoing all the hard work by dropping litter or dumping rubbish.
- Members of the public are also entitled to make complaints against pedestrians discarding rubbish and against those discarding papers or other litter from cars.
Synonyms
rubbish, refuse, junk, waste, debris, odds and ends, scraps, leavings, fragments, detritus, flotsam, discarded matter, dross, muck
North American trash, garbage
1. 1.1in singular An untidy collection of things lying about.
  一堆杂乱的东西
  a litter of sleeping bags on the floor
  地板上一堆凌乱的睡袋。
  Example sentencesExamples
  But for today's students, it is not long before the celebrations turn to dread - and the congratulations cards are replaced by a litter of repayment demands.
  We rose the next morning to a litter of downed branches and crooked trunks.
  Synonyms
  clutter, jumble, muddle, mess, tangle, heap, disorder, untidiness, confusion, hotchpotch, disarray, disorganization, disarrangement, turmoil
  informal shambles
  rare olla podrida
2A number of young animals born to an animal at one time.
一窝（仔畜）
a litter of five kittens
一窝五只小猫。
Example sentencesExamples
- Again, to take into account repeated sampling of different litters born to the same mother in the same territory, I used the mothers nested to the territory as random terms in the analysis.
- Over the 3-year study period, we captured young from 37 litters.
- The age of gingival emergence was determined by closely spaced (approximately every other day) repeated observations of 14 young from three litters.
- The number of sires per litter ranged from one to five, with 58% of all litters sired by more than one male.
- Females nurse their young, but will also nurse the young of their female relatives in the pride if litters are born close together.
- Two to five cubs are born in a litter, blind and helpless.
- These were very unusual as they were all white in colour, but alas the mother of the litter died and Jimmy is looking for a foster mother.
- High juvenile mortality often leads to conception of a second litter of offspring, born from December to April.
- Almost weekly she arrives at work to find a litter of puppies left anonymously.
- We expected her to have a big litter because of how big she was, but we never expected it to be 12.
- So a litter of pups with no value is a loss because it's one less litter a champion bitch can have.
- Of the 169 litters born during the study period, 73 failed to produce any offspring to weaning.
- They already had produced two litters of kittens before between them both.
- They are apparently social, with young sometimes remaining with the parents while subsequent litters are born and raised.
- The leopard cat got over her loneliness long enough to produce a litter of kittens.
- Twenty litters were obtained, born within a 5-day span.
- Females produce one litter a year, numbering from one to six kits and averaging four or five; they live for 10 to 13 years in the wild.
- Individual litters of cubs can have up to four different fathers.
- As he walks again, he sees Collie and a litter of puppies.
- They'd had a litter of pups recently but sadly deserted them.
Synonyms
brood, family
young, offspring, progeny, issue
rare progeniture
3mass noun Absorbent material, typically in granular form, used to line a shallow receptacle in which a cat can urinate and defecate when indoors.
as modifier a plastic litter tray
Example sentencesExamples
- Just let me go stock up on livestock and cat litter.
- Do you buy more than 50 pounds of cat litter a month?
- I'm told I also need a shovel, cat litter, energy bars, extra water, wool socks, and hand warmers.
- If you go into a supermarket today you will probably find the brand as toothpaste, liquid laundry soap, cat litter, dental care gum and a deodorant/antiperspirant.
- They can selectively attract and soak up liquids and gases at the molecular level, making them useful in products from cat litter to water treatment.
- Many laboratories use absorbent cat litter for immediate control of spills.
- Avoid changing cat litter and eating raw and poorly cooked meat during pregnancy.
- And you do wonder - especially when Adam overturns a tray of cat litter on his spouse - why did these people ever get married?
- In other news: tonight I caved and bought the expensive cat litter.
- Scents are now worked into many products besides perfumes; they are in air fresheners, deodorisers, cosmetic products, tissues, washing powders, detergents and cat litter.
- Does anyone know of a cheap alternative to odour-free cat litter?
- I don't find the image of a woman digging through cat litter for a dropped pill amusing.
- If you are invited please bring cat litter, a bag of chips and your hockey stick.
- I'm sure for a while I'll be finding her fur matted to my socks or bits of cat litter in the corners of the kitchen.
- Porcelain commodes and cat litter are among the substances setting off radiation alarms designed to sniff out nuclear terror at ports and border crossings.
- In south Wales, for instance, it operates an imaginative scheme with a local cattery, whereby unwanted books are shredded for use as cat litter.
- I told my parents and friends that I must have got the infection from cleaning my cat litter.
- All equipment, food, cat litter and costs are met by the branch.
- I changed the box, as I said I would, and then had to run off to buy cat litter - the folks were out.
- Don't flush paper towels, feminine sanitary products and other slow-to-degrade materials, like cat litter, in the toilet.
4mass noun Straw or other plant matter used as bedding for animals.
（供动物睡眠用的）褥草
the plant burns discarded litter from poultry farms
Example sentencesExamples
- Apply baits after floor litter and manure have been removed.
- In either case, the amount of manure or used litter accumulated over a year's time is quite surprising.
- In most cases, dilution of the manure with litter means that a higher application rate can be used than for cage layer manure.
- Burn the straw litter from infected herds or allow long term manuring [greater than 1 year] to occur before spreading it onto land used to produce food for animal consumption.
- Larvae cluster in dark corners under manure or litter, under feed sacks or under feed in feed storage areas.
Synonyms
animal bedding, bedding, straw, floor covering
1. 4.1 Decomposing but recognizable leaves and other debris forming a layer on top of the soil, especially in forests.
  （尤指森林土壤的）枯枝落叶层
  the spiders live in leaf litter
  Example sentencesExamples
  Pesticides may adsorb onto plant materials such as litter in no-till or minimum-till fields, the bark of trees, or thatch in turf.
  Good gardening practice would be to leave a layer of leaf litter on the soil between shrubs and trees in garden beds.
  The relatively low-quality plant litter mineralizes nitrogen at a slower rate than would occur in the absence of herbivory.
  Many ortheziids, as they are known, live in soil or leaf litter and feed on fungi, lichens, mosses, and plant roots.
  The foresters, therefore, clear the forest floor of excessive leaf litter and any debris of recent timber extraction operation.
  It has also been isolated from plant litter and seeds.
  All three species use the digging technique of jumping backward off of both feet at the same time, which really stirs up the soil, leaf litter, or grass.
  The fifth molt produces winged adults that spend the winter buried in plant litter.
  Other types, also harmless, live in soil and leaf litter and are important decomposers.
  Removing plant litter in spring and fall will help maintain the long life of your natural pool.
  At both sites, the quantity of plant litter was decreased by herbivory following a vole population peak in 1992.
  The wood resin could easily come from leaf litter and forest floor debris, he said.
  Today many primitive snakes live in soil or leaf litter.
  Plants in all three plots were initially free of leaf litter cover.
  We want the ground between plants to be covered with decaying plant litter.
  In all but one case, permits did not specify whether or not standing dead plants or plant litter should be included in estimates of cover.
  Figure 4 shows cover, including mosses and lichens, with and without plant litter and with and without cultivars.
  The chemical properties of plant litter and exudates strongly influence many chemical properties of soils that are critical to ecosystem functioning.
  Biologists found that the holes where plants had been dug were carefully refilled with soil and covered over again with leaf litter so that no one would be the wiser.
  The three environmental factors of leaf litter cover, herbivory, and substrate were studied.
5historical A structure used to transport people, containing a bed or seat enclosed by curtains and carried on men's shoulders or by animals.
〈史〉（有床或座的）车，轿
Example sentencesExamples
- He was carried about on a litter and coached soccer.
- Large judicial minkisi such as Mangaaka were treated as though they were chiefs, even carried in litters, and therefore sometimes wear miniature ngongi as earrings, a mnemonic of the respect due them.
- Liveried slaves carried the litter of a wealthy man, and vanished with a wave of his hand after he descended.
- Gloucester, reporting ‘a plot of death’ against the King, arranges for him to be carried in a litter to Dover.
- Panting, I fleetingly envied a couple being carried on litters like lords, an expensive yet terrifying (what if a porter slipped?) option.
Synonyms
sedan chair, palanquin
stretcher, portable bed/couch
1. 5.1 A framework with a couch for transporting sick or wounded people.
  担架
  Example sentencesExamples
  The gantries can be stowed in two positions so the cabin can be configured for ten crashworthy seats or six litters.
  In the medical evacuation role, the aircraft can transport 24 litters (stretcher patients) and four medical crew.
  The cabin provides accommodation for 11 fully equipped troops or four litters (stretcher patients) with a medical officer for medical evacuation missions.
  The aircraft provided a stable platform with ample room for around 70 litters (stretcher beds) and specialist medical teams to carry out life-saving work.
  Each evening Navy corpsmen would carry litters down to the hospital theater so the men could watch a movie.
  Evacuation vehicles must provide adequate room between litters to allow on-board medical crew personnel sufficient room to provide enroute care.
  Progress became impossible, and the little band of survivors, carrying their injured on litters, struggled into the jungle for relief from the rain.
  In the medical evacuation role, the aircraft can carry 24 casualties on litters and four medical attendants.
  In a medical evacuation role the helicopter can carry three medical crew and six litters or stretcher patients.

verb ˈlɪtəˈlɪdər

[with object]

1Make (a place or area) untidy with rubbish or a large number of objects left lying about.
乱扔（废物，垃圾）
clothes and newspapers littered the floor
地上乱扔着衣服和报纸。
the sitting room was littered with books
Example sentencesExamples
- The entire area was also littered with beer cans and chip boxes.
- The area is still littered with landmines and unexploded ordnance.
- Soon the whole place was littered with clothes and magazines and cosmetics.
- Dovercourt Railway Station's track has been littered with cans and rubbish.
- The gullies are littered with wreckage from vessels that have had their bellies ripped out by the pinnacle tops.
- Three days after the earthquake and devastating tsunami, bodies still litter the streets.
- The place is absolutely littered with homemade bombs and land mines.
- The pavements are littered with the corpses of good men who've tried.
- "Some of our rural roads are in terrible condition, littered with potholes.
- The paint was faded and stained; the fixtures were covered with dust; the floor was littered with trash.
- Pavements were littered with rubble and shattered glass.
- The Devon landscape is now littered with foot and mouth warning signs and straw mats soaked in disinfectant.
- The whole place is littered with monuments to the useless.
- The houses were run-down, with peeling paint and broken windows, the glass still littering the ground.
- He started the cultivation scheme five years ago to beautify a street often littered with trash.
- Because the runway was littered with wreckage, the patient's plane was forced to land in a field.
- Rather than play down the danger, he happily reported that the entire area is littered with countless land mines.
- Discarded clothes and old newspapers covered the bed; dirty plates and empty bottles littered the floor.
- The surrounding area was littered with unexploded ammunition.
- Soon enough we came to a block littered with rubble and abandoned houses.
Synonyms
make untidy, mess up, make a mess of, clutter up, throw into disorder, be strewn about, be scattered about, be jumbled, be disarranged
informal make a shambles of, trash
literary bestrew, besmirch
1. 1.1with object and adverbial Leave (rubbish or a number of objects) lying untidily in a place.
  乱扔（垃圾或杂物）
  there was broken glass littered about
  碎玻璃被乱丢在那儿。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The drains are all open and garbage is littered everywhere.
  A tiny object compared with the size of galaxy blew through the funnel furiously, littering molten debris behind its wake.
  Glass bottles, newspapers, food, and wrappers were littered everywhere.
  The subway tunnel was half-lit as garbage was littered literally everywhere.
2. 1.2usually be littered with Fill with examples of a particular thing, typically something bad or unpleasant.
  news pages have been littered with doom and gloom about company collapses
  新闻版面上充斥着公司倒闭的不祥消息。
  Example sentencesExamples
  History, past and present, is littered with examples of all that.
  Its dense rows of tabulated figures are littered with footnotes as the compilers struggle to incorporate new food knowledge into old.
  But the figures were littered with inaccuracies.
  Creation is littered with examples like this, at all kinds of levels.
2archaic Provide (a horse or other animal) with litter as bedding.
〈古〉（为马或其他动物）铺褥草

Origin

Middle English (in sense 5 of the noun): from Old French litiere, from medieval Latin lectaria, from Latin lectus 'bed'. Sense 1 dates from the mid 18th century.

The earliest, medieval meaning of litter was ‘a bed’, which was also that of its source, Latin lectus. Its journey to the modern sense ‘rubbish lying in a public place’ took until the mid 18th century. The link is bedding made of straw or rushes, once used by poorer people, who put it down on the floor and then discarded it when soiled. A litter of animals such as kittens probably gets its name from the mother's giving birth in a sheltered sleeping place.

Rhymes

bitter, committer, critter, embitter, emitter, fitter, flitter, fritter, glitter, gritter, hitter, jitter, knitter, permitter, pitta, quitter, remitter, sitter, skitter, slitter, spitter, splitter, submitter, titter, transmitter, twitter, witter

Definition of litter in US English:

litter

nounˈlɪdərˈlidər

1Trash, such as paper, cans, and bottles, that is left lying in an open or public place.
（在公共场所乱扔的）废物，垃圾
fines for dropping litter
对乱扔垃圾的罚款。
Example sentencesExamples
- Remember all people caught dropping litter will be fined on the spot.
- Certainly the public has the primary responsibility not to drop litter and efforts can be intensified to clean up littered areas.
- Anyone caught dropping litter in Manchester is liable to the £50 fine.
- Members of the public are also entitled to make complaints against pedestrians discarding rubbish and against those discarding papers or other litter from cars.
- However, he admitted chewing gum litter was a nationwide problem.
- Every time the bridge opens, any litter dropped on the deck will automatically roll into special traps.
- If I throw litter in my town, I am saying I do not care whether it is dirty.
- This new council administration which took over following the last election claims to be the party who will clean the borough up and get tough on the general public who drop litter in our streets.
- We all can put an end to litter in Kerry by simply disposing of rubbish in our bin and not leaving or throwing litter in a public place.
- Last week the town council passed a motion to spend a day picking up litter around the town.
- Unless we catch them throwing a bottle or dropping litter all we can do is ask them to leave.
- We are not going to stop people putting litter on the ground.
- The council introduced on-the-spot £50 fines for people dropping litter on the streets.
- And it will become an offence to drop litter anywhere, not just on public land as has been the case until now.
- Even at 9am the town centre doesn't appear to have had the industrial cleaners cleaning up from the previous day's rubbish and litter, and so it goes on.
- In addition to rubbish collection and street sweeping, they clear litter from the open spaces in twelve of the council's estates.
- Be a bit more eco-friendly and leave less litter around the place.
- Money galore can be pumped into cleanliness but you cannot stop Joe Public from undoing all the hard work by dropping litter or dumping rubbish.
- They removed an estimated 700 pounds of litter and other rubbish.
- From April 1, anyone over the age of 10 caught dropping litter could face a fine under the 1990 Environment Protection Act.
Synonyms
rubbish, refuse, junk, waste, debris, odds and ends, scraps, leavings, fragments, detritus, flotsam, discarded matter, dross, muck
1. 1.1in singular An untidy collection of things lying about.
  一堆杂乱的东西
  a litter of sleeping bags on the floor
  地板上一堆凌乱的睡袋。
  Example sentencesExamples
  We rose the next morning to a litter of downed branches and crooked trunks.
  But for today's students, it is not long before the celebrations turn to dread - and the congratulations cards are replaced by a litter of repayment demands.
  Synonyms
  clutter, jumble, muddle, mess, tangle, heap, disorder, untidiness, confusion, hotchpotch, disarray, disorganization, disarrangement, turmoil
2The group of young animals born to an animal at one time.
一窝（仔畜）
a litter of five kittens
一窝五只小猫。
Example sentencesExamples
- Over the 3-year study period, we captured young from 37 litters.
- Almost weekly she arrives at work to find a litter of puppies left anonymously.
- Females nurse their young, but will also nurse the young of their female relatives in the pride if litters are born close together.
- Individual litters of cubs can have up to four different fathers.
- Two to five cubs are born in a litter, blind and helpless.
- High juvenile mortality often leads to conception of a second litter of offspring, born from December to April.
- They'd had a litter of pups recently but sadly deserted them.
- Again, to take into account repeated sampling of different litters born to the same mother in the same territory, I used the mothers nested to the territory as random terms in the analysis.
- Of the 169 litters born during the study period, 73 failed to produce any offspring to weaning.
- Females produce one litter a year, numbering from one to six kits and averaging four or five; they live for 10 to 13 years in the wild.
- We expected her to have a big litter because of how big she was, but we never expected it to be 12.
- Twenty litters were obtained, born within a 5-day span.
- These were very unusual as they were all white in colour, but alas the mother of the litter died and Jimmy is looking for a foster mother.
- So a litter of pups with no value is a loss because it's one less litter a champion bitch can have.
- The number of sires per litter ranged from one to five, with 58% of all litters sired by more than one male.
- The leopard cat got over her loneliness long enough to produce a litter of kittens.
- They already had produced two litters of kittens before between them both.
- The age of gingival emergence was determined by closely spaced (approximately every other day) repeated observations of 14 young from three litters.
- As he walks again, he sees Collie and a litter of puppies.
- They are apparently social, with young sometimes remaining with the parents while subsequent litters are born and raised.
Synonyms
brood, family
3Absorbent material, typically in granular form, used to line a shallow receptacle in which a cat can urinate and defecate when indoors.
Example sentencesExamples
- If you are invited please bring cat litter, a bag of chips and your hockey stick.
- Does anyone know of a cheap alternative to odour-free cat litter?
- Porcelain commodes and cat litter are among the substances setting off radiation alarms designed to sniff out nuclear terror at ports and border crossings.
- Do you buy more than 50 pounds of cat litter a month?
- In south Wales, for instance, it operates an imaginative scheme with a local cattery, whereby unwanted books are shredded for use as cat litter.
- I'm told I also need a shovel, cat litter, energy bars, extra water, wool socks, and hand warmers.
- I'm sure for a while I'll be finding her fur matted to my socks or bits of cat litter in the corners of the kitchen.
- In other news: tonight I caved and bought the expensive cat litter.
- I don't find the image of a woman digging through cat litter for a dropped pill amusing.
- I told my parents and friends that I must have got the infection from cleaning my cat litter.
- All equipment, food, cat litter and costs are met by the branch.
- I changed the box, as I said I would, and then had to run off to buy cat litter - the folks were out.
- Many laboratories use absorbent cat litter for immediate control of spills.
- Scents are now worked into many products besides perfumes; they are in air fresheners, deodorisers, cosmetic products, tissues, washing powders, detergents and cat litter.
- They can selectively attract and soak up liquids and gases at the molecular level, making them useful in products from cat litter to water treatment.
- And you do wonder - especially when Adam overturns a tray of cat litter on his spouse - why did these people ever get married?
- If you go into a supermarket today you will probably find the brand as toothpaste, liquid laundry soap, cat litter, dental care gum and a deodorant/antiperspirant.
- Just let me go stock up on livestock and cat litter.
- Don't flush paper towels, feminine sanitary products and other slow-to-degrade materials, like cat litter, in the toilet.
- Avoid changing cat litter and eating raw and poorly cooked meat during pregnancy.
4Straw or other plant matter used as bedding for animals.
（供动物睡眠用的）褥草
Example sentencesExamples
- In most cases, dilution of the manure with litter means that a higher application rate can be used than for cage layer manure.
- Larvae cluster in dark corners under manure or litter, under feed sacks or under feed in feed storage areas.
- In either case, the amount of manure or used litter accumulated over a year's time is quite surprising.
- Burn the straw litter from infected herds or allow long term manuring [greater than 1 year] to occur before spreading it onto land used to produce food for animal consumption.
- Apply baits after floor litter and manure have been removed.
Synonyms
animal bedding, bedding, straw, floor covering
1. 4.1 Decomposing but recognizable leaves and other debris forming a layer on top of the soil, especially in forests.
  （尤指森林土壤的）枯枝落叶层
  Example sentencesExamples
  The fifth molt produces winged adults that spend the winter buried in plant litter.
  Other types, also harmless, live in soil and leaf litter and are important decomposers.
  Removing plant litter in spring and fall will help maintain the long life of your natural pool.
  We want the ground between plants to be covered with decaying plant litter.
  Biologists found that the holes where plants had been dug were carefully refilled with soil and covered over again with leaf litter so that no one would be the wiser.
  At both sites, the quantity of plant litter was decreased by herbivory following a vole population peak in 1992.
  The three environmental factors of leaf litter cover, herbivory, and substrate were studied.
  The wood resin could easily come from leaf litter and forest floor debris, he said.
  All three species use the digging technique of jumping backward off of both feet at the same time, which really stirs up the soil, leaf litter, or grass.
  Pesticides may adsorb onto plant materials such as litter in no-till or minimum-till fields, the bark of trees, or thatch in turf.
  The chemical properties of plant litter and exudates strongly influence many chemical properties of soils that are critical to ecosystem functioning.
  It has also been isolated from plant litter and seeds.
  The relatively low-quality plant litter mineralizes nitrogen at a slower rate than would occur in the absence of herbivory.
  In all but one case, permits did not specify whether or not standing dead plants or plant litter should be included in estimates of cover.
  Many ortheziids, as they are known, live in soil or leaf litter and feed on fungi, lichens, mosses, and plant roots.
  Figure 4 shows cover, including mosses and lichens, with and without plant litter and with and without cultivars.
  Today many primitive snakes live in soil or leaf litter.
  The foresters, therefore, clear the forest floor of excessive leaf litter and any debris of recent timber extraction operation.
  Plants in all three plots were initially free of leaf litter cover.
  Good gardening practice would be to leave a layer of leaf litter on the soil between shrubs and trees in garden beds.
5historical A vehicle containing a bed or seat enclosed by curtains and carried on men's shoulders or by animals.
〈史〉（有床或座的）车，轿
Example sentencesExamples
- Panting, I fleetingly envied a couple being carried on litters like lords, an expensive yet terrifying (what if a porter slipped?) option.
- Large judicial minkisi such as Mangaaka were treated as though they were chiefs, even carried in litters, and therefore sometimes wear miniature ngongi as earrings, a mnemonic of the respect due them.
- He was carried about on a litter and coached soccer.
- Gloucester, reporting ‘a plot of death’ against the King, arranges for him to be carried in a litter to Dover.
- Liveried slaves carried the litter of a wealthy man, and vanished with a wave of his hand after he descended.
Synonyms
sedan chair, palanquin
1. 5.1 A framework with a couch for transporting sick or wounded people.
  担架
  Example sentencesExamples
  In a medical evacuation role the helicopter can carry three medical crew and six litters or stretcher patients.
  The aircraft provided a stable platform with ample room for around 70 litters (stretcher beds) and specialist medical teams to carry out life-saving work.
  Progress became impossible, and the little band of survivors, carrying their injured on litters, struggled into the jungle for relief from the rain.
  The gantries can be stowed in two positions so the cabin can be configured for ten crashworthy seats or six litters.
  In the medical evacuation role, the aircraft can transport 24 litters (stretcher patients) and four medical crew.
  The cabin provides accommodation for 11 fully equipped troops or four litters (stretcher patients) with a medical officer for medical evacuation missions.
  Each evening Navy corpsmen would carry litters down to the hospital theater so the men could watch a movie.
  In the medical evacuation role, the aircraft can carry 24 casualties on litters and four medical attendants.
  Evacuation vehicles must provide adequate room between litters to allow on-board medical crew personnel sufficient room to provide enroute care.

verbˈlɪdərˈlidər

[with object]

1Make (a place) untidy with rubbish or a large number of objects left lying about.
乱扔（废物，垃圾）
clothes and newspapers littered the floor
地上乱扔着衣服和报纸。
Example sentencesExamples
- Soon enough we came to a block littered with rubble and abandoned houses.
- Dovercourt Railway Station's track has been littered with cans and rubbish.
- Soon the whole place was littered with clothes and magazines and cosmetics.
- The Devon landscape is now littered with foot and mouth warning signs and straw mats soaked in disinfectant.
- The area is still littered with landmines and unexploded ordnance.
- The paint was faded and stained; the fixtures were covered with dust; the floor was littered with trash.
- The gullies are littered with wreckage from vessels that have had their bellies ripped out by the pinnacle tops.
- Because the runway was littered with wreckage, the patient's plane was forced to land in a field.
- The surrounding area was littered with unexploded ammunition.
- Rather than play down the danger, he happily reported that the entire area is littered with countless land mines.
- The entire area was also littered with beer cans and chip boxes.
- The pavements are littered with the corpses of good men who've tried.
- Discarded clothes and old newspapers covered the bed; dirty plates and empty bottles littered the floor.
- Three days after the earthquake and devastating tsunami, bodies still litter the streets.
- He started the cultivation scheme five years ago to beautify a street often littered with trash.
- The houses were run-down, with peeling paint and broken windows, the glass still littering the ground.
- Pavements were littered with rubble and shattered glass.
- The whole place is littered with monuments to the useless.
- The place is absolutely littered with homemade bombs and land mines.
- "Some of our rural roads are in terrible condition, littered with potholes.
Synonyms
make untidy, mess up, make a mess of, clutter up, throw into disorder, be strewn about, be scattered about, be jumbled, be disarranged
1. 1.1usually be littered Leave (rubbish or a number of objects) lying untidily in a place.
  乱扔（垃圾或杂物）
  there was broken glass littered about
  碎玻璃被乱丢在那儿。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Glass bottles, newspapers, food, and wrappers were littered everywhere.
  The drains are all open and garbage is littered everywhere.
  The subway tunnel was half-lit as garbage was littered literally everywhere.
  A tiny object compared with the size of galaxy blew through the funnel furiously, littering molten debris behind its wake.
2. 1.2usually be littered with Fill (a text, history, etc.) with examples of something unpleasant.
  〈喻〉在（文章，历史）中充斥，塞满（不良事物）
  news pages have been littered with doom and gloom about company collapses
  新闻版面上充斥着公司倒闭的不祥消息。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Creation is littered with examples like this, at all kinds of levels.
  But the figures were littered with inaccuracies.
  History, past and present, is littered with examples of all that.
  Its dense rows of tabulated figures are littered with footnotes as the compilers struggle to incorporate new food knowledge into old.
2archaic Provide (a horse or other animal) with litter as bedding.
〈古〉（为马或其他动物）铺褥草

Origin

Middle English (in litter (sense 5 of the noun)): from Old French litiere, from medieval Latin lectaria, from Latin lectus ‘bed’. Sense 1 dates from the mid 18th century.

词汇	litter
释义	Definition of litter in English: litter noun ˈlɪtəˈlɪdər 1mass noun Rubbish such as paper, cans, and bottles left lying in an open or public place. （在公共场所乱扔的）废物，垃圾 always clear up after a picnic and never drop litter as modifier a litter bin Example sentencesExamples We all can put an end to litter in Kerry by simply disposing of rubbish in our bin and not leaving or throwing litter in a public place. They removed an estimated 700 pounds of litter and other rubbish. And it will become an offence to drop litter anywhere, not just on public land as has been the case until now. Unless we catch them throwing a bottle or dropping litter all we can do is ask them to leave. Remember all people caught dropping litter will be fined on the spot. Even at 9am the town centre doesn't appear to have had the industrial cleaners cleaning up from the previous day's rubbish and litter, and so it goes on. If I throw litter in my town, I am saying I do not care whether it is dirty. Every time the bridge opens, any litter dropped on the deck will automatically roll into special traps. Certainly the public has the primary responsibility not to drop litter and efforts can be intensified to clean up littered areas. The council introduced on-the-spot £50 fines for people dropping litter on the streets. Last week the town council passed a motion to spend a day picking up litter around the town. However, he admitted chewing gum litter was a nationwide problem. This new council administration which took over following the last election claims to be the party who will clean the borough up and get tough on the general public who drop litter in our streets. Anyone caught dropping litter in Manchester is liable to the £50 fine. From April 1, anyone over the age of 10 caught dropping litter could face a fine under the 1990 Environment Protection Act. We are not going to stop people putting litter on the ground. Be a bit more eco-friendly and leave less litter around the place. In addition to rubbish collection and street sweeping, they clear litter from the open spaces in twelve of the council's estates. Money galore can be pumped into cleanliness but you cannot stop Joe Public from undoing all the hard work by dropping litter or dumping rubbish. Members of the public are also entitled to make complaints against pedestrians discarding rubbish and against those discarding papers or other litter from cars. Synonyms rubbish, refuse, junk, waste, debris, odds and ends, scraps, leavings, fragments, detritus, flotsam, discarded matter, dross, muck North American trash, garbage 1.1in singular An untidy collection of things lying about. 一堆杂乱的东西 a litter of sleeping bags on the floor 地板上一堆凌乱的睡袋。 Example sentencesExamples But for today's students, it is not long before the celebrations turn to dread - and the congratulations cards are replaced by a litter of repayment demands. We rose the next morning to a litter of downed branches and crooked trunks. Synonyms clutter, jumble, muddle, mess, tangle, heap, disorder, untidiness, confusion, hotchpotch, disarray, disorganization, disarrangement, turmoil informal shambles rare olla podrida 2A number of young animals born to an animal at one time. 一窝（仔畜） a litter of five kittens 一窝五只小猫。 Example sentencesExamples Again, to take into account repeated sampling of different litters born to the same mother in the same territory, I used the mothers nested to the territory as random terms in the analysis. Over the 3-year study period, we captured young from 37 litters. The age of gingival emergence was determined by closely spaced (approximately every other day) repeated observations of 14 young from three litters. The number of sires per litter ranged from one to five, with 58% of all litters sired by more than one male. Females nurse their young, but will also nurse the young of their female relatives in the pride if litters are born close together. Two to five cubs are born in a litter, blind and helpless. These were very unusual as they were all white in colour, but alas the mother of the litter died and Jimmy is looking for a foster mother. High juvenile mortality often leads to conception of a second litter of offspring, born from December to April. Almost weekly she arrives at work to find a litter of puppies left anonymously. We expected her to have a big litter because of how big she was, but we never expected it to be 12. So a litter of pups with no value is a loss because it's one less litter a champion bitch can have. Of the 169 litters born during the study period, 73 failed to produce any offspring to weaning. They already had produced two litters of kittens before between them both. They are apparently social, with young sometimes remaining with the parents while subsequent litters are born and raised. The leopard cat got over her loneliness long enough to produce a litter of kittens. Twenty litters were obtained, born within a 5-day span. Females produce one litter a year, numbering from one to six kits and averaging four or five; they live for 10 to 13 years in the wild. Individual litters of cubs can have up to four different fathers. As he walks again, he sees Collie and a litter of puppies. They'd had a litter of pups recently but sadly deserted them. Synonyms brood, family young, offspring, progeny, issue rare progeniture 3mass noun Absorbent material, typically in granular form, used to line a shallow receptacle in which a cat can urinate and defecate when indoors. as modifier a plastic litter tray Example sentencesExamples Just let me go stock up on livestock and cat litter. Do you buy more than 50 pounds of cat litter a month? I'm told I also need a shovel, cat litter, energy bars, extra water, wool socks, and hand warmers. If you go into a supermarket today you will probably find the brand as toothpaste, liquid laundry soap, cat litter, dental care gum and a deodorant/antiperspirant. They can selectively attract and soak up liquids and gases at the molecular level, making them useful in products from cat litter to water treatment. Many laboratories use absorbent cat litter for immediate control of spills. Avoid changing cat litter and eating raw and poorly cooked meat during pregnancy. And you do wonder - especially when Adam overturns a tray of cat litter on his spouse - why did these people ever get married? In other news: tonight I caved and bought the expensive cat litter. Scents are now worked into many products besides perfumes; they are in air fresheners, deodorisers, cosmetic products, tissues, washing powders, detergents and cat litter. Does anyone know of a cheap alternative to odour-free cat litter? I don't find the image of a woman digging through cat litter for a dropped pill amusing. If you are invited please bring cat litter, a bag of chips and your hockey stick. I'm sure for a while I'll be finding her fur matted to my socks or bits of cat litter in the corners of the kitchen. Porcelain commodes and cat litter are among the substances setting off radiation alarms designed to sniff out nuclear terror at ports and border crossings. In south Wales, for instance, it operates an imaginative scheme with a local cattery, whereby unwanted books are shredded for use as cat litter. I told my parents and friends that I must have got the infection from cleaning my cat litter. All equipment, food, cat litter and costs are met by the branch. I changed the box, as I said I would, and then had to run off to buy cat litter - the folks were out. Don't flush paper towels, feminine sanitary products and other slow-to-degrade materials, like cat litter, in the toilet. 4mass noun Straw or other plant matter used as bedding for animals. （供动物睡眠用的）褥草 the plant burns discarded litter from poultry farms Example sentencesExamples Apply baits after floor litter and manure have been removed. In either case, the amount of manure or used litter accumulated over a year's time is quite surprising. In most cases, dilution of the manure with litter means that a higher application rate can be used than for cage layer manure. Burn the straw litter from infected herds or allow long term manuring [greater than 1 year] to occur before spreading it onto land used to produce food for animal consumption. Larvae cluster in dark corners under manure or litter, under feed sacks or under feed in feed storage areas. Synonyms animal bedding, bedding, straw, floor covering 4.1 Decomposing but recognizable leaves and other debris forming a layer on top of the soil, especially in forests. （尤指森林土壤的）枯枝落叶层 the spiders live in leaf litter Example sentencesExamples Pesticides may adsorb onto plant materials such as litter in no-till or minimum-till fields, the bark of trees, or thatch in turf. Good gardening practice would be to leave a layer of leaf litter on the soil between shrubs and trees in garden beds. The relatively low-quality plant litter mineralizes nitrogen at a slower rate than would occur in the absence of herbivory. Many ortheziids, as they are known, live in soil or leaf litter and feed on fungi, lichens, mosses, and plant roots. The foresters, therefore, clear the forest floor of excessive leaf litter and any debris of recent timber extraction operation. It has also been isolated from plant litter and seeds. All three species use the digging technique of jumping backward off of both feet at the same time, which really stirs up the soil, leaf litter, or grass. The fifth molt produces winged adults that spend the winter buried in plant litter. Other types, also harmless, live in soil and leaf litter and are important decomposers. Removing plant litter in spring and fall will help maintain the long life of your natural pool. At both sites, the quantity of plant litter was decreased by herbivory following a vole population peak in 1992. The wood resin could easily come from leaf litter and forest floor debris, he said. Today many primitive snakes live in soil or leaf litter. Plants in all three plots were initially free of leaf litter cover. We want the ground between plants to be covered with decaying plant litter. In all but one case, permits did not specify whether or not standing dead plants or plant litter should be included in estimates of cover. Figure 4 shows cover, including mosses and lichens, with and without plant litter and with and without cultivars. The chemical properties of plant litter and exudates strongly influence many chemical properties of soils that are critical to ecosystem functioning. Biologists found that the holes where plants had been dug were carefully refilled with soil and covered over again with leaf litter so that no one would be the wiser. The three environmental factors of leaf litter cover, herbivory, and substrate were studied. 5historical A structure used to transport people, containing a bed or seat enclosed by curtains and carried on men's shoulders or by animals. 〈史〉（有床或座的）车，轿 Example sentencesExamples He was carried about on a litter and coached soccer. Large judicial minkisi such as Mangaaka were treated as though they were chiefs, even carried in litters, and therefore sometimes wear miniature ngongi as earrings, a mnemonic of the respect due them. Liveried slaves carried the litter of a wealthy man, and vanished with a wave of his hand after he descended. Gloucester, reporting ‘a plot of death’ against the King, arranges for him to be carried in a litter to Dover. Panting, I fleetingly envied a couple being carried on litters like lords, an expensive yet terrifying (what if a porter slipped?) option. Synonyms sedan chair, palanquin stretcher, portable bed/couch 5.1 A framework with a couch for transporting sick or wounded people. 担架 Example sentencesExamples The gantries can be stowed in two positions so the cabin can be configured for ten crashworthy seats or six litters. In the medical evacuation role, the aircraft can transport 24 litters (stretcher patients) and four medical crew. The cabin provides accommodation for 11 fully equipped troops or four litters (stretcher patients) with a medical officer for medical evacuation missions. The aircraft provided a stable platform with ample room for around 70 litters (stretcher beds) and specialist medical teams to carry out life-saving work. Each evening Navy corpsmen would carry litters down to the hospital theater so the men could watch a movie. Evacuation vehicles must provide adequate room between litters to allow on-board medical crew personnel sufficient room to provide enroute care. Progress became impossible, and the little band of survivors, carrying their injured on litters, struggled into the jungle for relief from the rain. In the medical evacuation role, the aircraft can carry 24 casualties on litters and four medical attendants. In a medical evacuation role the helicopter can carry three medical crew and six litters or stretcher patients. verb ˈlɪtəˈlɪdər [with object] 1Make (a place or area) untidy with rubbish or a large number of objects left lying about. 乱扔（废物，垃圾） clothes and newspapers littered the floor 地上乱扔着衣服和报纸。 the sitting room was littered with books Example sentencesExamples The entire area was also littered with beer cans and chip boxes. The area is still littered with landmines and unexploded ordnance. Soon the whole place was littered with clothes and magazines and cosmetics. Dovercourt Railway Station's track has been littered with cans and rubbish. The gullies are littered with wreckage from vessels that have had their bellies ripped out by the pinnacle tops. Three days after the earthquake and devastating tsunami, bodies still litter the streets. The place is absolutely littered with homemade bombs and land mines. The pavements are littered with the corpses of good men who've tried. "Some of our rural roads are in terrible condition, littered with potholes. The paint was faded and stained; the fixtures were covered with dust; the floor was littered with trash. Pavements were littered with rubble and shattered glass. The Devon landscape is now littered with foot and mouth warning signs and straw mats soaked in disinfectant. The whole place is littered with monuments to the useless. The houses were run-down, with peeling paint and broken windows, the glass still littering the ground. He started the cultivation scheme five years ago to beautify a street often littered with trash. Because the runway was littered with wreckage, the patient's plane was forced to land in a field. Rather than play down the danger, he happily reported that the entire area is littered with countless land mines. Discarded clothes and old newspapers covered the bed; dirty plates and empty bottles littered the floor. The surrounding area was littered with unexploded ammunition. Soon enough we came to a block littered with rubble and abandoned houses. Synonyms make untidy, mess up, make a mess of, clutter up, throw into disorder, be strewn about, be scattered about, be jumbled, be disarranged informal make a shambles of, trash literary bestrew, besmirch 1.1with object and adverbial Leave (rubbish or a number of objects) lying untidily in a place. 乱扔（垃圾或杂物） there was broken glass littered about 碎玻璃被乱丢在那儿。 Example sentencesExamples The drains are all open and garbage is littered everywhere. A tiny object compared with the size of galaxy blew through the funnel furiously, littering molten debris behind its wake. Glass bottles, newspapers, food, and wrappers were littered everywhere. The subway tunnel was half-lit as garbage was littered literally everywhere. 1.2usually be littered with Fill with examples of a particular thing, typically something bad or unpleasant. news pages have been littered with doom and gloom about company collapses 新闻版面上充斥着公司倒闭的不祥消息。 Example sentencesExamples History, past and present, is littered with examples of all that. Its dense rows of tabulated figures are littered with footnotes as the compilers struggle to incorporate new food knowledge into old. But the figures were littered with inaccuracies. Creation is littered with examples like this, at all kinds of levels. 2archaic Provide (a horse or other animal) with litter as bedding. 〈古〉（为马或其他动物）铺褥草 Origin Middle English (in sense 5 of the noun): from Old French litiere, from medieval Latin lectaria, from Latin lectus 'bed'. Sense 1 dates from the mid 18th century. The earliest, medieval meaning of litter was ‘a bed’, which was also that of its source, Latin lectus. Its journey to the modern sense ‘rubbish lying in a public place’ took until the mid 18th century. The link is bedding made of straw or rushes, once used by poorer people, who put it down on the floor and then discarded it when soiled. A litter of animals such as kittens probably gets its name from the mother's giving birth in a sheltered sleeping place. Rhymes bitter, committer, critter, embitter, emitter, fitter, flitter, fritter, glitter, gritter, hitter, jitter, knitter, permitter, pitta, quitter, remitter, sitter, skitter, slitter, spitter, splitter, submitter, titter, transmitter, twitter, witter Definition of litter in US English: litter nounˈlɪdərˈlidər 1Trash, such as paper, cans, and bottles, that is left lying in an open or public place. （在公共场所乱扔的）废物，垃圾 fines for dropping litter 对乱扔垃圾的罚款。 Example sentencesExamples Remember all people caught dropping litter will be fined on the spot. Certainly the public has the primary responsibility not to drop litter and efforts can be intensified to clean up littered areas. Anyone caught dropping litter in Manchester is liable to the £50 fine. Members of the public are also entitled to make complaints against pedestrians discarding rubbish and against those discarding papers or other litter from cars. However, he admitted chewing gum litter was a nationwide problem. Every time the bridge opens, any litter dropped on the deck will automatically roll into special traps. If I throw litter in my town, I am saying I do not care whether it is dirty. This new council administration which took over following the last election claims to be the party who will clean the borough up and get tough on the general public who drop litter in our streets. We all can put an end to litter in Kerry by simply disposing of rubbish in our bin and not leaving or throwing litter in a public place. Last week the town council passed a motion to spend a day picking up litter around the town. Unless we catch them throwing a bottle or dropping litter all we can do is ask them to leave. We are not going to stop people putting litter on the ground. The council introduced on-the-spot £50 fines for people dropping litter on the streets. And it will become an offence to drop litter anywhere, not just on public land as has been the case until now. Even at 9am the town centre doesn't appear to have had the industrial cleaners cleaning up from the previous day's rubbish and litter, and so it goes on. In addition to rubbish collection and street sweeping, they clear litter from the open spaces in twelve of the council's estates. Be a bit more eco-friendly and leave less litter around the place. Money galore can be pumped into cleanliness but you cannot stop Joe Public from undoing all the hard work by dropping litter or dumping rubbish. They removed an estimated 700 pounds of litter and other rubbish. From April 1, anyone over the age of 10 caught dropping litter could face a fine under the 1990 Environment Protection Act. Synonyms rubbish, refuse, junk, waste, debris, odds and ends, scraps, leavings, fragments, detritus, flotsam, discarded matter, dross, muck 1.1in singular An untidy collection of things lying about. 一堆杂乱的东西 a litter of sleeping bags on the floor 地板上一堆凌乱的睡袋。 Example sentencesExamples We rose the next morning to a litter of downed branches and crooked trunks. But for today's students, it is not long before the celebrations turn to dread - and the congratulations cards are replaced by a litter of repayment demands. Synonyms clutter, jumble, muddle, mess, tangle, heap, disorder, untidiness, confusion, hotchpotch, disarray, disorganization, disarrangement, turmoil 2The group of young animals born to an animal at one time. 一窝（仔畜） a litter of five kittens 一窝五只小猫。 Example sentencesExamples Over the 3-year study period, we captured young from 37 litters. Almost weekly she arrives at work to find a litter of puppies left anonymously. Females nurse their young, but will also nurse the young of their female relatives in the pride if litters are born close together. Individual litters of cubs can have up to four different fathers. Two to five cubs are born in a litter, blind and helpless. High juvenile mortality often leads to conception of a second litter of offspring, born from December to April. They'd had a litter of pups recently but sadly deserted them. Again, to take into account repeated sampling of different litters born to the same mother in the same territory, I used the mothers nested to the territory as random terms in the analysis. Of the 169 litters born during the study period, 73 failed to produce any offspring to weaning. Females produce one litter a year, numbering from one to six kits and averaging four or five; they live for 10 to 13 years in the wild. We expected her to have a big litter because of how big she was, but we never expected it to be 12. Twenty litters were obtained, born within a 5-day span. These were very unusual as they were all white in colour, but alas the mother of the litter died and Jimmy is looking for a foster mother. So a litter of pups with no value is a loss because it's one less litter a champion bitch can have. The number of sires per litter ranged from one to five, with 58% of all litters sired by more than one male. The leopard cat got over her loneliness long enough to produce a litter of kittens. They already had produced two litters of kittens before between them both. The age of gingival emergence was determined by closely spaced (approximately every other day) repeated observations of 14 young from three litters. As he walks again, he sees Collie and a litter of puppies. They are apparently social, with young sometimes remaining with the parents while subsequent litters are born and raised. Synonyms brood, family 3Absorbent material, typically in granular form, used to line a shallow receptacle in which a cat can urinate and defecate when indoors. Example sentencesExamples If you are invited please bring cat litter, a bag of chips and your hockey stick. Does anyone know of a cheap alternative to odour-free cat litter? Porcelain commodes and cat litter are among the substances setting off radiation alarms designed to sniff out nuclear terror at ports and border crossings. Do you buy more than 50 pounds of cat litter a month? In south Wales, for instance, it operates an imaginative scheme with a local cattery, whereby unwanted books are shredded for use as cat litter. I'm told I also need a shovel, cat litter, energy bars, extra water, wool socks, and hand warmers. I'm sure for a while I'll be finding her fur matted to my socks or bits of cat litter in the corners of the kitchen. In other news: tonight I caved and bought the expensive cat litter. I don't find the image of a woman digging through cat litter for a dropped pill amusing. I told my parents and friends that I must have got the infection from cleaning my cat litter. All equipment, food, cat litter and costs are met by the branch. I changed the box, as I said I would, and then had to run off to buy cat litter - the folks were out. Many laboratories use absorbent cat litter for immediate control of spills. Scents are now worked into many products besides perfumes; they are in air fresheners, deodorisers, cosmetic products, tissues, washing powders, detergents and cat litter. They can selectively attract and soak up liquids and gases at the molecular level, making them useful in products from cat litter to water treatment. And you do wonder - especially when Adam overturns a tray of cat litter on his spouse - why did these people ever get married? If you go into a supermarket today you will probably find the brand as toothpaste, liquid laundry soap, cat litter, dental care gum and a deodorant/antiperspirant. Just let me go stock up on livestock and cat litter. Don't flush paper towels, feminine sanitary products and other slow-to-degrade materials, like cat litter, in the toilet. Avoid changing cat litter and eating raw and poorly cooked meat during pregnancy. 4Straw or other plant matter used as bedding for animals. （供动物睡眠用的）褥草 Example sentencesExamples In most cases, dilution of the manure with litter means that a higher application rate can be used than for cage layer manure. Larvae cluster in dark corners under manure or litter, under feed sacks or under feed in feed storage areas. In either case, the amount of manure or used litter accumulated over a year's time is quite surprising. Burn the straw litter from infected herds or allow long term manuring [greater than 1 year] to occur before spreading it onto land used to produce food for animal consumption. Apply baits after floor litter and manure have been removed. Synonyms animal bedding, bedding, straw, floor covering 4.1 Decomposing but recognizable leaves and other debris forming a layer on top of the soil, especially in forests. （尤指森林土壤的）枯枝落叶层 Example sentencesExamples The fifth molt produces winged adults that spend the winter buried in plant litter. Other types, also harmless, live in soil and leaf litter and are important decomposers. Removing plant litter in spring and fall will help maintain the long life of your natural pool. We want the ground between plants to be covered with decaying plant litter. Biologists found that the holes where plants had been dug were carefully refilled with soil and covered over again with leaf litter so that no one would be the wiser. At both sites, the quantity of plant litter was decreased by herbivory following a vole population peak in 1992. The three environmental factors of leaf litter cover, herbivory, and substrate were studied. The wood resin could easily come from leaf litter and forest floor debris, he said. All three species use the digging technique of jumping backward off of both feet at the same time, which really stirs up the soil, leaf litter, or grass. Pesticides may adsorb onto plant materials such as litter in no-till or minimum-till fields, the bark of trees, or thatch in turf. The chemical properties of plant litter and exudates strongly influence many chemical properties of soils that are critical to ecosystem functioning. It has also been isolated from plant litter and seeds. The relatively low-quality plant litter mineralizes nitrogen at a slower rate than would occur in the absence of herbivory. In all but one case, permits did not specify whether or not standing dead plants or plant litter should be included in estimates of cover. Many ortheziids, as they are known, live in soil or leaf litter and feed on fungi, lichens, mosses, and plant roots. Figure 4 shows cover, including mosses and lichens, with and without plant litter and with and without cultivars. Today many primitive snakes live in soil or leaf litter. The foresters, therefore, clear the forest floor of excessive leaf litter and any debris of recent timber extraction operation. Plants in all three plots were initially free of leaf litter cover. Good gardening practice would be to leave a layer of leaf litter on the soil between shrubs and trees in garden beds. 5historical A vehicle containing a bed or seat enclosed by curtains and carried on men's shoulders or by animals. 〈史〉（有床或座的）车，轿 Example sentencesExamples Panting, I fleetingly envied a couple being carried on litters like lords, an expensive yet terrifying (what if a porter slipped?) option. Large judicial minkisi such as Mangaaka were treated as though they were chiefs, even carried in litters, and therefore sometimes wear miniature ngongi as earrings, a mnemonic of the respect due them. He was carried about on a litter and coached soccer. Gloucester, reporting ‘a plot of death’ against the King, arranges for him to be carried in a litter to Dover. Liveried slaves carried the litter of a wealthy man, and vanished with a wave of his hand after he descended. Synonyms sedan chair, palanquin 5.1 A framework with a couch for transporting sick or wounded people. 担架 Example sentencesExamples In a medical evacuation role the helicopter can carry three medical crew and six litters or stretcher patients. The aircraft provided a stable platform with ample room for around 70 litters (stretcher beds) and specialist medical teams to carry out life-saving work. Progress became impossible, and the little band of survivors, carrying their injured on litters, struggled into the jungle for relief from the rain. The gantries can be stowed in two positions so the cabin can be configured for ten crashworthy seats or six litters. In the medical evacuation role, the aircraft can transport 24 litters (stretcher patients) and four medical crew. The cabin provides accommodation for 11 fully equipped troops or four litters (stretcher patients) with a medical officer for medical evacuation missions. Each evening Navy corpsmen would carry litters down to the hospital theater so the men could watch a movie. In the medical evacuation role, the aircraft can carry 24 casualties on litters and four medical attendants. Evacuation vehicles must provide adequate room between litters to allow on-board medical crew personnel sufficient room to provide enroute care. verbˈlɪdərˈlidər [with object] 1Make (a place) untidy with rubbish or a large number of objects left lying about. 乱扔（废物，垃圾） clothes and newspapers littered the floor 地上乱扔着衣服和报纸。 Example sentencesExamples Soon enough we came to a block littered with rubble and abandoned houses. Dovercourt Railway Station's track has been littered with cans and rubbish. Soon the whole place was littered with clothes and magazines and cosmetics. The Devon landscape is now littered with foot and mouth warning signs and straw mats soaked in disinfectant. The area is still littered with landmines and unexploded ordnance. The paint was faded and stained; the fixtures were covered with dust; the floor was littered with trash. The gullies are littered with wreckage from vessels that have had their bellies ripped out by the pinnacle tops. Because the runway was littered with wreckage, the patient's plane was forced to land in a field. The surrounding area was littered with unexploded ammunition. Rather than play down the danger, he happily reported that the entire area is littered with countless land mines. The entire area was also littered with beer cans and chip boxes. The pavements are littered with the corpses of good men who've tried. Discarded clothes and old newspapers covered the bed; dirty plates and empty bottles littered the floor. Three days after the earthquake and devastating tsunami, bodies still litter the streets. He started the cultivation scheme five years ago to beautify a street often littered with trash. The houses were run-down, with peeling paint and broken windows, the glass still littering the ground. Pavements were littered with rubble and shattered glass. The whole place is littered with monuments to the useless. The place is absolutely littered with homemade bombs and land mines. "Some of our rural roads are in terrible condition, littered with potholes. Synonyms make untidy, mess up, make a mess of, clutter up, throw into disorder, be strewn about, be scattered about, be jumbled, be disarranged 1.1usually be littered Leave (rubbish or a number of objects) lying untidily in a place. 乱扔（垃圾或杂物） there was broken glass littered about 碎玻璃被乱丢在那儿。 Example sentencesExamples Glass bottles, newspapers, food, and wrappers were littered everywhere. The drains are all open and garbage is littered everywhere. The subway tunnel was half-lit as garbage was littered literally everywhere. A tiny object compared with the size of galaxy blew through the funnel furiously, littering molten debris behind its wake. 1.2usually be littered with Fill (a text, history, etc.) with examples of something unpleasant. 〈喻〉在（文章，历史）中充斥，塞满（不良事物） news pages have been littered with doom and gloom about company collapses 新闻版面上充斥着公司倒闭的不祥消息。 Example sentencesExamples Creation is littered with examples like this, at all kinds of levels. But the figures were littered with inaccuracies. History, past and present, is littered with examples of all that. Its dense rows of tabulated figures are littered with footnotes as the compilers struggle to incorporate new food knowledge into old. 2archaic Provide (a horse or other animal) with litter as bedding. 〈古〉（为马或其他动物）铺褥草 Origin Middle English (in litter (sense 5 of the noun)): from Old French litiere, from medieval Latin lectaria, from Latin lectus ‘bed’. Sense 1 dates from the mid 18th century.
随便看	hae haecceities haecceity Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich Haeju haem haem- haemagglutinate haemagglutination haemagglutinin haemal haemangioma haemangiomas haemangiomata haematemesis haematic haematin haematite haemato- haematocele haematocrit haemato-crystallin haematogenous haemato-globulin haematologic