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词汇 german
释义

german1

adjectiveˈdʒəːmənˈdʒərmən
archaic
  • Germane.

    〈古〉同父母的;同(外)祖父母的。参见BROTHER-GERMAN , COUSIN-GERMAN , SISTER-GERMAN

    See also brother-german, cousin-german, sister-german

Origin

Middle English: from Old French germain, from Latin germanus 'genuine, of the same parents'.

German2

noun ˈdʒəːmənˈdʒərmən
  • 1A native or inhabitant of Germany, or a person of German descent.

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Ossies, as East Germans came to be called, felt they had every right to be disappointed.
    • The Germans may have had a fine submarine on paper but producing it in numbers was a different matter.
    • The Dutch will go through with victory against Latvia only if the Germans do not beat the Czechs.
    • Put another way, the French and Germans have found a way of making the market serve everyone.
    • The Germans excelled at fast warfare and French and British forces could not keep up.
    • Germany and Europe will be waiting to see how these two most different of Germans gel on the big stage.
    • Its brilliance was to permit the rearming of Germans but not the rearmament of Germany.
    • His plot to deceive the Germans was immortalised in this film.
    • It was the sort of thing the Germans supply for first aid at spectacular autobahn accidents.
    • Flu had a terrible impact on Germans as the people had little bodily strength to fight the illness.
    • The new design was quickly latched onto by the Germans and a naval race began.
    • First taken by the British, it was lost next day to the Germans by the Americans who failed to retake it.
    • Despite such overwhelming numbers, the Germans did not do well at the start of the battle.
    • Both the French and Germans wished to control it as it gave an army height in that area.
    • Dieppe was very well defended by the Germans who realised its value as a port.
    • They captured many of the records that the Germans left behind in their hurried departure.
    • Likewise, the Russians could not let the Germans get hold of the oil fields in the Caucasus.
    • Sweden are really going for this, which will be making the Germans feel most unpopular.
    • We have got a lot to learn from the Americans, from the French, from the Germans in that respect.
    • That experience taught him how hard it will be to sell our expertise to the Swiss and Germans.
  • 2mass noun A West Germanic language used in Germany, Austria, and parts of Switzerland, and by communities in the US and elsewhere. It is spoken by some 100 million people.

    See also High German, Low German
    Example sentencesExamples
    • They speak a dialect of German called Pennsylvania Dutch at home.
    • The tallest of the officers asked me something in German.
    • Yes, the ship was overwhelmingly German and German-American, and during bingo sessions I learned to count in German.
    • I don't know enough German to have figured out the whole story, but I guessed it was something along those lines.
    • If you want to experience Wagner's Ring, you should see a full orchestral production, in German, in Bayreuth if you can afford it.
    • His books have been translated into several languages, including German, Dutch, French, Hungarian and Japanese.
    • The official language is German but spoken language is an Alemannic dialect.
    • For those who do not read German everything in this chapter will be new.
    • More and more jobs being advertised have a requirement that the applicant can speak German or another European language.
    • Nearly ninety-nine percent of Austrians speak German, although at least four different dialects are in use.
    • I only wish I could read German, so I could figure out what they're saying.
    • I was 30 years old, and I performed it in German, as was the practice at the time.
    • She quickly explained that they were studying German on an exchange program.
    • Pablo stresses that he's also trying to learn German so he can talk to yet another group of potential customers.
    • From what I can tell, somebody went through and very literally translated words from German to English for the North American release.
    • I took 2 years of high school German and more in college, but don't really feel educated enough in the language to have an opinion.
    • So, that's how I started studying German, which led to my love of language and literature.
    • Learning from a family friend that he was the son of a German soldier came as a shock to the taxi driver, who does not speak a word of German.
    • Nouns derived from a place name in German, used in this kind of sentence, don't normally take the indefinite article ein.
    • An Italian citizen by birth, his first language is German, and it is in Germany and Austria that his fame, some might say infamy, is greatest.
adjective ˈdʒəːmənˈdʒərmən
  • Relating to Germany, its people, or their language.

    Example sentencesExamples
    • More than 200,000 German troops participated in the offensive.
    • Elementary German language school enrollments reached their zenith between 1880 and 1900.
    • When Portugal and Spain joined in the 1980s, their wages were roughly half west German levels.
    • He was fluent in the language, read German books as a matter of course, and had lived there and written about its politics.
    • I met an exchange student who was studying for a languages degree at a German university.
    • Two of the medieval popes considered German were actually from places in what are today France and the Netherlands.
    • I stare at the wall-mounted television, which is depicting some German people dancing to folk music.
    • They acquire old broadcasts of old East German programs that Alex plays on a hidden VCR.
    • For someone like me who is as much German as American, this is profoundly depressing.
    • We wonder what about them is unique, what if anything specifically German.
    • As for all the phenomena (to use the language of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant), they are no more deep than our own minds.
    • My grandfather was Nordic German and my grandmother was in the dark.
    • A poem I had to memorize in my freshman German class danced through my head.
    • The German language has a very particular word for the process of coming to terms with the past.
    • In Lafont's account, the German tradition believes that language constitutes thought.
    • A traditional old colony church service in the German language begins at 11 a.m.
    • In 1147 a contingent of German ships assembled at Cologne and sailed to Dartmouth to join an English army.
    • Imagine a German citizen coming to Russia with no language, no concept of the native culture, with every detail he encounters feeling to him completely foreign.
    • In the first half of 19th century the German missionaries undertook a renaissance of the language.
    • This is one reason why taxes are so high on German and other European wage earners.

Origin

From Latin Germanus, used to designate related peoples of central and northern Europe, a name perhaps given by Celts to their neighbours; compare with Old Irish gair 'neighbour'.

  • Überbabes and spritzers

    War inevitably influenced Germany's 20th-century contributions to our language, but German has given us many other terms, including some that handily fill in where there is no English equivalent.

    TAKE dogs, for example. The poodle is now considered to be a cute, pampered little breed of dog, but it was bred as a hunting dog to retrieve waterfowl shot by its master, and its name is from German Pudelhund ‘puddle dog’. The dachshund is often called a ‘sausage dog’ because of its long body, but it is literally a ‘badger dog’—the breed was used to dig badgers out of their setts.

    Since the 1920s we have criticized objects regarded as garish or sentimental as kitsch. At times this may be seen as a type of intellectual snobbery—in May 1961 The Times made a reference to ‘highbrows…who consider that the quality of the pure entertainment as such is generally kitsch or trash’. We might feel that this sort of thing was ersatz, or ‘artificial’, and add that it should be verboten, or ‘forbidden’.

    But there is no avoiding the language of war. Flak or ‘anti-aircraft fire’, borrowed directly from German in the 1930s, is an abbreviation of Fliegerabwehrkanone, literally ‘aviator-defence-gun’. By the 1960s it was sufficiently established in English for the extended sense ‘strong criticism’ to develop.

    In September 1940 blitz appeared in Daily Express reports of the heavy air raids made by the Luftwaffe (the German air force, a combination of ‘air’ and ‘weapon’) on London. Blitz is a shortening of blitzkrieg, which had been used the previous year to describe the German invasion of Poland. In German Blitzkrieg means ‘lightning war’. The metaphorical use ‘a sudden concerted effort to deal with something’ came up in the Guardian in 1960: ‘The women did only the bare essentials of housework during the week, with a “blitz” at weekends.’

    A spritzer is a mixture of wine and soda water named after the German word for ‘a splash’. In the 1980s this drink was certainly in tune with the zeitgeist, or ‘spirit of the time’. Since the 1990s we have used the German word for ‘over’, über, to form words expressing the idea of the ultimate form of something—supermodels are sometimes referred to as überbabes.

    German was the language used by the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) and his Swiss collaborator Carl Jung (1875–1961), and has given us several words for feelings. Angst, vague worry about the human condition or the world in general, entered English in the 1940s. Weltanschauung, from Welt ‘world’ and Anschauung ‘perception’, means ‘individual philosophy, world view’. Until the 1890s English had no word for the regrettably familiar feeling of pleasure derived from another person's misfortune, and so imported one from Germany—schadenfreude combines ‘harm’ and ‘joy’.

    See also dude, hamster, heroin, lager, queer, trade

Rhymes

Burman, firman, Herman, sermon, Sherman

german1

adjectiveˈdʒərmənˈjərmən
archaic
  • 1Germane.

    〈古〉同父母的;同(外)祖父母的。参见BROTHER-GERMAN , COUSIN-GERMAN , SISTER-GERMAN

    1. 1.1postpositive (of a sibling) having the same parents.
      my brothers-german

Origin

Middle English: from Old French germain, from Latin germanus ‘genuine, of the same parents’.

German2

nounˈdʒərmənˈjərmən
  • 1A native or inhabitant of Germany, or a person of German descent.

    Example sentencesExamples
    • First taken by the British, it was lost next day to the Germans by the Americans who failed to retake it.
    • Sweden are really going for this, which will be making the Germans feel most unpopular.
    • Dieppe was very well defended by the Germans who realised its value as a port.
    • Despite such overwhelming numbers, the Germans did not do well at the start of the battle.
    • Its brilliance was to permit the rearming of Germans but not the rearmament of Germany.
    • His plot to deceive the Germans was immortalised in this film.
    • Flu had a terrible impact on Germans as the people had little bodily strength to fight the illness.
    • The Germans may have had a fine submarine on paper but producing it in numbers was a different matter.
    • Ossies, as East Germans came to be called, felt they had every right to be disappointed.
    • Germany and Europe will be waiting to see how these two most different of Germans gel on the big stage.
    • Put another way, the French and Germans have found a way of making the market serve everyone.
    • The Germans excelled at fast warfare and French and British forces could not keep up.
    • The Dutch will go through with victory against Latvia only if the Germans do not beat the Czechs.
    • Likewise, the Russians could not let the Germans get hold of the oil fields in the Caucasus.
    • They captured many of the records that the Germans left behind in their hurried departure.
    • That experience taught him how hard it will be to sell our expertise to the Swiss and Germans.
    • Both the French and Germans wished to control it as it gave an army height in that area.
    • We have got a lot to learn from the Americans, from the French, from the Germans in that respect.
    • The new design was quickly latched onto by the Germans and a naval race began.
    • It was the sort of thing the Germans supply for first aid at spectacular autobahn accidents.
  • 2A West Germanic language used in Germany, Austria, and parts of Switzerland, and by communities in the US and elsewhere.

    See also High German, Low German
    Example sentencesExamples
    • I don't know enough German to have figured out the whole story, but I guessed it was something along those lines.
    • Yes, the ship was overwhelmingly German and German-American, and during bingo sessions I learned to count in German.
    • So, that's how I started studying German, which led to my love of language and literature.
    • Pablo stresses that he's also trying to learn German so he can talk to yet another group of potential customers.
    • The official language is German but spoken language is an Alemannic dialect.
    • If you want to experience Wagner's Ring, you should see a full orchestral production, in German, in Bayreuth if you can afford it.
    • From what I can tell, somebody went through and very literally translated words from German to English for the North American release.
    • His books have been translated into several languages, including German, Dutch, French, Hungarian and Japanese.
    • They speak a dialect of German called Pennsylvania Dutch at home.
    • I was 30 years old, and I performed it in German, as was the practice at the time.
    • More and more jobs being advertised have a requirement that the applicant can speak German or another European language.
    • For those who do not read German everything in this chapter will be new.
    • Learning from a family friend that he was the son of a German soldier came as a shock to the taxi driver, who does not speak a word of German.
    • An Italian citizen by birth, his first language is German, and it is in Germany and Austria that his fame, some might say infamy, is greatest.
    • Nouns derived from a place name in German, used in this kind of sentence, don't normally take the indefinite article ein.
    • Nearly ninety-nine percent of Austrians speak German, although at least four different dialects are in use.
    • She quickly explained that they were studying German on an exchange program.
    • I only wish I could read German, so I could figure out what they're saying.
    • I took 2 years of high school German and more in college, but don't really feel educated enough in the language to have an opinion.
    • The tallest of the officers asked me something in German.
  • 3A complex dance in which one couple leads the other couples through a variety of figures and there is a continual change of partners.

adjectiveˈdʒərmənˈjərmən
  • Relating to Germany, its people, or their language.

    Example sentencesExamples
    • I met an exchange student who was studying for a languages degree at a German university.
    • I stare at the wall-mounted television, which is depicting some German people dancing to folk music.
    • As for all the phenomena (to use the language of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant), they are no more deep than our own minds.
    • In 1147 a contingent of German ships assembled at Cologne and sailed to Dartmouth to join an English army.
    • A traditional old colony church service in the German language begins at 11 a.m.
    • In the first half of 19th century the German missionaries undertook a renaissance of the language.
    • The German language has a very particular word for the process of coming to terms with the past.
    • More than 200,000 German troops participated in the offensive.
    • In Lafont's account, the German tradition believes that language constitutes thought.
    • Two of the medieval popes considered German were actually from places in what are today France and the Netherlands.
    • My grandfather was Nordic German and my grandmother was in the dark.
    • We wonder what about them is unique, what if anything specifically German.
    • Imagine a German citizen coming to Russia with no language, no concept of the native culture, with every detail he encounters feeling to him completely foreign.
    • For someone like me who is as much German as American, this is profoundly depressing.
    • Elementary German language school enrollments reached their zenith between 1880 and 1900.
    • A poem I had to memorize in my freshman German class danced through my head.
    • He was fluent in the language, read German books as a matter of course, and had lived there and written about its politics.
    • When Portugal and Spain joined in the 1980s, their wages were roughly half west German levels.
    • They acquire old broadcasts of old East German programs that Alex plays on a hidden VCR.
    • This is one reason why taxes are so high on German and other European wage earners.

Origin

From Latin Germanus, used to designate related peoples of central and northern Europe, a name perhaps given by Celts to their neighbors; compare with Old Irish gair ‘neighbor’.

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