| 释义 |
Definition of longitudinal in English: longitudinaladjective ˌlɒn(d)ʒɪˈtjuːdɪn(ə)lˌlɒŋɡɪˈtjuːdɪn(ə)lˌlɑndʒəˈt(j)ud(ə)nəl 1Running lengthwise rather than across. 纵向的 纵向肌肉。 纵向肌肉。 Example sentencesExamples - The upper one-third of the esophagus is striated muscle, and the remainder contains inner circular layers and outer longitudinal layers of muscle.
- Reed's figures show surface ornament, but this consists of longitudinal rather than transverse elements.
- The dorsal longitudinal muscles (indicated by arrowhead) are clearly visible.
- The cuticle of the anterior margin of each segment is thickened towards the interior of the animal in order to form a pachycyclus for the attachment of longitudinal muscles.
- This rendering shows a sharp contrast between the tongue's core, comprised of the vertical and transverse muscles, and its sheath of longitudinal muscles.
- The opening of the pylorus after it has contracted may represent, in part, the dilating effect of the contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the stomach.
- The fibers of this thick muscle stratum all lie in the direction of the axis of the esophagus, making it, in effect, a second, strong, longitudinal muscle layer.
- During walking, the epaxial muscles, organized into longitudinal tracts, function to stabilize the vertebral column.
- In this work, seizures were monitored by dorsal longitudinal muscle activity.
- Campylostoma exhibits rather rectilinear lateral longitudinal ridges whereas those of Corazzatocarcinus n. gen. are sinuous.
- In Drosophila, the presumptive central nervous system is specified at an early stage of embryonic development as two longitudinal stripes of cells, just dorsal to the ventral mesoderm.
- Flower coloration is mostly tan, with some external dark brown longitudinal stripes on the sepals and lateral petals.
- It also includes longitudinal and circular muscle fibers.
- Nematodes move by contraction of the longitudinal muscles.
- The body of the esophagus begins at the lower edge of the cricopharyngeus muscle and contains two layers of muscle, the outer longitudinal and the inner circular.
- Interadambulacral contact facets lie beneath the ambulacral and overlie tissue depressions for the longitudinal muscles that lower the arm.
- This motion must represent contraction of both the outer longitudinal muscle layer and the powerful longitudinal muscle of the mucosa.
- This stretch is made possible by the presence of nitrergic inhibitory nerves, excited in a swallow, in both longitudinal muscle layers within this short segment.
- Since he had a differentiated ectoderm separate from the gut, and also had a longitudinal layer of muscle and bilateral symmetry, he probably had some degree of motility.
- During the day, it has three dark longitudinal stripes that run the length of the body.
2Relating to longitude; measured from east to west. （与）经度（有关）的 纵向条纹。 Example sentencesExamples - Official maps of Taiwan currently include only approximate data on the islands' surface area and topography, as well as inexact data on their latitudinal and longitudinal position.
- Accurate time, which enabled seamen to establish their longitudinal position, was among the preconditions for safe and regular passage to Australia.
3(of research or data) involving information about an individual or group gathered over a long period of time. （研究，数据）通过长期努力取得的；纵观的 a longitudinal study of ten patients Example sentencesExamples - The religious orders study is a longitudinal observation of Alzheimer's disease in older members of the Catholic clergy.
- The subjects for this study were participating in a longitudinal research project, the Utrecht Study of Adolescent Development.
- Dormann and Zapf found only 10 studies that investigated work-related social support using a longitudinal research design.
- Four hundred male and female New Zealand police officers were invited to participate in a longitudinal research project, involving the completion of two questionnaire surveys.
- The timing of these variables may be particularly critical and need to be studied further in longitudinal investigations.
- A fruitful research design for intensified studies could be to do longitudinal studies with the individuals as the focus.
- Knowledge of causal risk factors thus relies heavily on the results of experimental trials as opposed to even the most elegant observational, longitudinal research.
- Such studies require longitudinal measurement of individual behavior from adolescence through young adulthood.
- This result is a particular problem for rating scales, which tend to be cross sectional, rather than longitudinal, in character.
- Further longitudinal research is clearly needed to clarify the potential role of early proactive aggression in the prediction of subsequent partner violence.
- Morgan reviewed extensive longitudinal studies and other research and found, to the chagrin of adoption opponents, that outcomes for adopted children are good.
- Since there are longitudinal variations in muscle activity in most fish species, data from the anterior and posterior regions of the fish must be considered separately.
- It might be argued that these reflections are somewhat risky, because the data from which the authors derive their findings are cross-sectional in research design terms rather than longitudinal.
- First, the study relied on cross-sectional rather than longitudinal data.
- The longitudinal analyses in this study were based on the responses of these 150 students.
- In quantitative research, unless the research is longitudinal in character, the person will be interviewed on one occasion only.
- Last, it is important to note that the effect sizes for the longitudinal analyses in this study were in the small-to-medium range.
- Future longitudinal research can use family of origin retrospective reports over time to see if they change substantially.
- Additional prospective, longitudinal research is needed to further elucidate the experiences and outcomes associated with lung transplantation.
- Beyond the four limitations mentioned above, this study constitutes an interesting base for further longitudinal researches.
Definition of longitudinal in US English: longitudinaladjectiveˌlänjəˈt(y)o͞od(ə)nəlˌlɑndʒəˈt(j)ud(ə)nəl 1Running lengthwise rather than across. 纵向的 纵向肌肉。 纵向肌肉。 纵向条纹。 Example sentencesExamples - During the day, it has three dark longitudinal stripes that run the length of the body.
- In this work, seizures were monitored by dorsal longitudinal muscle activity.
- The upper one-third of the esophagus is striated muscle, and the remainder contains inner circular layers and outer longitudinal layers of muscle.
- The body of the esophagus begins at the lower edge of the cricopharyngeus muscle and contains two layers of muscle, the outer longitudinal and the inner circular.
- The fibers of this thick muscle stratum all lie in the direction of the axis of the esophagus, making it, in effect, a second, strong, longitudinal muscle layer.
- It also includes longitudinal and circular muscle fibers.
- Campylostoma exhibits rather rectilinear lateral longitudinal ridges whereas those of Corazzatocarcinus n. gen. are sinuous.
- This motion must represent contraction of both the outer longitudinal muscle layer and the powerful longitudinal muscle of the mucosa.
- Flower coloration is mostly tan, with some external dark brown longitudinal stripes on the sepals and lateral petals.
- Interadambulacral contact facets lie beneath the ambulacral and overlie tissue depressions for the longitudinal muscles that lower the arm.
- Nematodes move by contraction of the longitudinal muscles.
- In Drosophila, the presumptive central nervous system is specified at an early stage of embryonic development as two longitudinal stripes of cells, just dorsal to the ventral mesoderm.
- During walking, the epaxial muscles, organized into longitudinal tracts, function to stabilize the vertebral column.
- The dorsal longitudinal muscles (indicated by arrowhead) are clearly visible.
- Reed's figures show surface ornament, but this consists of longitudinal rather than transverse elements.
- Since he had a differentiated ectoderm separate from the gut, and also had a longitudinal layer of muscle and bilateral symmetry, he probably had some degree of motility.
- The opening of the pylorus after it has contracted may represent, in part, the dilating effect of the contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the stomach.
- This rendering shows a sharp contrast between the tongue's core, comprised of the vertical and transverse muscles, and its sheath of longitudinal muscles.
- This stretch is made possible by the presence of nitrergic inhibitory nerves, excited in a swallow, in both longitudinal muscle layers within this short segment.
- The cuticle of the anterior margin of each segment is thickened towards the interior of the animal in order to form a pachycyclus for the attachment of longitudinal muscles.
2Relating to longitude; measured from east to west. （与）经度（有关）的 纵向条纹。 Example sentencesExamples - Accurate time, which enabled seamen to establish their longitudinal position, was among the preconditions for safe and regular passage to Australia.
- Official maps of Taiwan currently include only approximate data on the islands' surface area and topography, as well as inexact data on their latitudinal and longitudinal position.
3(of research or data) involving information about an individual or group gathered over a long period of time. （研究，数据）通过长期努力取得的；纵观的 Example sentencesExamples - Four hundred male and female New Zealand police officers were invited to participate in a longitudinal research project, involving the completion of two questionnaire surveys.
- In quantitative research, unless the research is longitudinal in character, the person will be interviewed on one occasion only.
- Further longitudinal research is clearly needed to clarify the potential role of early proactive aggression in the prediction of subsequent partner violence.
- The timing of these variables may be particularly critical and need to be studied further in longitudinal investigations.
- Morgan reviewed extensive longitudinal studies and other research and found, to the chagrin of adoption opponents, that outcomes for adopted children are good.
- Dormann and Zapf found only 10 studies that investigated work-related social support using a longitudinal research design.
- It might be argued that these reflections are somewhat risky, because the data from which the authors derive their findings are cross-sectional in research design terms rather than longitudinal.
- The subjects for this study were participating in a longitudinal research project, the Utrecht Study of Adolescent Development.
- A fruitful research design for intensified studies could be to do longitudinal studies with the individuals as the focus.
- First, the study relied on cross-sectional rather than longitudinal data.
- Last, it is important to note that the effect sizes for the longitudinal analyses in this study were in the small-to-medium range.
- Additional prospective, longitudinal research is needed to further elucidate the experiences and outcomes associated with lung transplantation.
- Since there are longitudinal variations in muscle activity in most fish species, data from the anterior and posterior regions of the fish must be considered separately.
- Knowledge of causal risk factors thus relies heavily on the results of experimental trials as opposed to even the most elegant observational, longitudinal research.
- The longitudinal analyses in this study were based on the responses of these 150 students.
- This result is a particular problem for rating scales, which tend to be cross sectional, rather than longitudinal, in character.
- The religious orders study is a longitudinal observation of Alzheimer's disease in older members of the Catholic clergy.
- Such studies require longitudinal measurement of individual behavior from adolescence through young adulthood.
- Beyond the four limitations mentioned above, this study constitutes an interesting base for further longitudinal researches.
- Future longitudinal research can use family of origin retrospective reports over time to see if they change substantially.
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