Definition of text in English:

text

noun tɛksttɛkst

1A book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form.
文本；文章
a text which explores pain and grief
一篇探究痛苦和悲伤的文章。
Example sentencesExamples
- In terms of character and content, these texts do not have much in common.
- I'm only reading Madison's text and connecting it to the debate about religion and government that exists today.
- The Clinic is throwing its doors open to the general public for conserving ancient documents, texts and even damaged books with an offer for protecting them for at least one more century to come.
- Stocking brings new insights to the volumes by concentrating on the contents of the texts and how they reflect the shifting nature of anthropological thinking.
- Certainly, an introductory survey needs to account for these texts, summarise their content and aims, and use them referentially as an argument progresses.
- By 1603, all the primary texts of the classical-republican tradition were available in English translations.
- Chapter two reflects on how Alcott's text connects writing to the injuries of battle.
- He's not only brilliant in law, he's an expert in historical research and has a huge library of medieval texts, even some in Old English and Occitan.
- His interpretation of literary texts and memoirs, especially those from the nineteenth century, is masterful.
- Having been orally preserved by scholars after the first Qin Emperor destroyed the Confucian books, the texts had been written down in the new Han script current at the time of their recovery.
- Worse still, whereas literature was once valued for the beauty of its language or its moral impact, the purpose of reading is now to deconstruct texts in terms of power relationships.
- Brief introductions preface each text, which is printed in double columns on the page, and there is a full glossary at the end of the book.
- In this way, African literary texts are often subjected to the sort of reading that seeks to elicit from them a portrait of something called the African world.
- He considered it Menotti's finest text, and it is, indeed, a remarkable piece of work.
- Up until now, he has written more than twenty books and hundreds of texts or contributions to volumes, catalogues and journals.
- My initial impression upon reading the title of this book was that a text had finally been written for the layman on how to draw and sketch mineral specimens.
- The original purpose of the Institutiones was the teaching of Latin to Greek speakers, as is shown by repeated references to classical Greek texts.
- The medieval history of these islands is very old (we share that antiquity with the rest of Europe) and very well-documented in terms of texts.
- Thus, by the turn of the seventeenth century, material drawn from classical texts about Greek art and artists had become a familiar feature of art literature.
- The forms of chronicle, fiction, narrative memoir and field study contribute to this text as a novel.
Synonyms
written work, book, work, printed work, narrative
1. 1.1 A piece of written or printed material regarded as conveying the authentic or primary form of a particular work.
  原文
  in some passages it is difficult to establish the original text
  在一些段落很难确定原来的文本。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Have a look in the remainder bookshop and you'll find cheap reprints of the original texts.
  Given that McKinnon claims to be a victim of sloppy journalism, I thought it would be useful to go straight to the source: the text of his address.
  The University of Oklahoma Press is to be commended for bringing this wonderful text out of seclusion and putting together a truly fine publication.
  This is the original text of an article first published in Vertigo magazine, spring 2002.
  The director did not deviate much from the original text.
  There were no PowerPoint slides from him, of course, and the hard copy of the text of his keynote speech was not available until later in the day.
  This fine translation of the Paul Gerhardt text by John Wesley is a standard with many congregations.
  But then, arrogantly assuming that few will actually visit the original text, he goes right ahead and borrows heavily from his cited source.
  Based on a translation by Aravnidakshan, it will be an independent interpretation of the original text in Malayalam.
  Other tale-tellers repeated tales identical to Perrault's text word for word.
  In 1979 came a short but strikingly original life of Gladstone in which Stansky used as his core material the texts of some of Gladstone's most important parliamentary speeches.
  He went so far as to revise the original text in 1965, changes the new edition incorporates.
  Would there have been some value in giving the original French texts of quoted material (often extensive) in an appendix?
  To be sure, Franklin wrote the original text in five phases beginning in 1771 and continued revising until his death.
  Logan also skillfully incorporates illustrative primary source texts into each of his chapters.
  By the way - the link is to the text of the original story by MR James.
  You can then choose to listen to the recorded voice message which is a translation of the original text.
  The Oxford editors first disentangled the two texts under their original printed titles of The History and The Tragedy of King Lear.
  In the Chinese text, the word used for ‘recognise’ and ‘acknowledge’ is the same.
  New editions of the texts in the original languages and new translations have been published.
2. 1.2mass noun Written or printed words, typically forming a connected piece of work.
  （尤指文章中的）文字
  stylistic features of journalistic text
  报刊文字的文体特征。
  Example sentencesExamples
  I cannot imagine what English words sprinkled in Hungarian text looks like for someone who doesn't speak Hungarian.
  In the meantime, traditional Latin and the severe cursive style was also abandoned in favour of a grammatically correct text and standard handwriting.
  This is a suggested format for citing the most common types of online material in printed texts; it is derived from advice given in various sources (listed at the end).
  The use of repetitions and taboo words in text is pretty much a direct reflection of their use in speech.
  Written in the same flowing handwriting was more text.
  She flipped through its pages and was surprised to find it filled with handwritten text.
  Each word had a printed frequency between 2 and 10 occurrences per million words of text.
  This is consistent with the fact that the primary instructional strategies at this time were sight-word recognition and locating words in text.
  Shallus was a clerk trained to create a fine handwritten text.
  This is a pocket-sized volume running to 130 pages and probably no more than 40,000 words of text.
  Reading stories aloud provides a great opportunity for young children to hear sounds in words within the context of connected text.
  It's the first phase in my experiment of editing a dense piece of academic print text for the Web, and I actually posted it at the end of April, but only mentioned it in passing.
  We can also see the remediation of print at work in the processes involved in producing handwritten text.
  With print design, we have precise control over spacing between letters, words and lines of text.
  The paper contained a few words of perfectly unintelligible text.
  Here we have a short - about 130 pages of text - well written paperback that provides a perfect introduction to a complicated story.
  I create an edition that's about 15,000 words of text.
  When they write, they piece together words in the same way to create text which is structurally sound, but is often also completely impenetrable drivel.
  Further, since they were creating text through the letter writing, it was easy to identify topics for subsequent mini-lessons.
  To check whether your passport is machine-readable make sure there are two lines of text printed on the white stripe at the bottom of the personal information page.
3. 1.3Computing mass noun Data in the form of words or alphabetic characters.
  Example sentencesExamples
  This new version offers powerful control over the display and formatting of text.
  For example, one of IBM's patents is on the idea of marking text in a word-processor in different colors for correcting.
  I'll just cut and paste a piece of text from her website.
  Once printed words have been scanned, they can be quickly converted into editable computer text.
  For my purposes, clearly displaying a lot of text at relatively small font sizes is the most important thing I want a monitor to do.
2in singular The main body of a book or other piece of writing, as distinct from other material such as notes, appendices, and illustrations.
正文
the pictures are clear and relate well to the text
图片清晰，紧扣正文。
Example sentencesExamples
- Artists' books do not always marry words or text with images.
- The author has included aluminium phosphide and pyrethroid poisonings in the appendix of the text in this edition.
- In neither the text nor the notes does Main engage directly with the arguments and interpretations of other historians.
- Glossies, snapshots and notes litter the text like shards of broken glass.
- This book gives sound illustrations and a thoughtful text, but by only using black and white photographs, it tends to look dated.
- Any reference to work in the body of the text is usefully indexed with a page number in the margin directing the reader to further pictures.
- The book concludes with biographical comments, notes on the text, and indices of persons, places, and topics.
- Pictures depict the major topics of discussion and support the text well.
- They also held the prizewinners up as examples of professional quality layout with a block make up and an unmistakable and guaranteed connection between text and picture.
- I liked the way the illustrations match the text on each page.
- Nevertheless, she lays out a clear design for the text and illustrations without losing much by the exclusion of an index.
- The more than 100 illustrations complement the text nicely.
- I would prefer to have seen more material in footnotes; too many references in the body of the text to the opinions of other critics make for an awkward read.
- The editor of The Union understood the significance of these drawings and proposed this approach himself, augmenting the text with visual illustrations.
- This information is set off from the main text and highlighted in red so that the reader can easily identify these personalized approaches.
- In addition, Braund has appended to the text 614 notes, some of which are more than forty lines.
- There is no policy of transliteration: the same Bengali word is spelt differently in the text and the notes.
- The text of the book is preceded by a note in which Harris presents an uncharacteristically direct statement about his ideas and how they are to be understood in his work.
- A draft had been completed and Hopkins was starting to fret about locating quality pictures to accompany his text when he met Freeman.
- The author has used simple language and self-explanatory illustrations throughout the text.
Synonyms
words, wording
subject matter, content, contents, body, main body, main matter
1. 2.1 A script or libretto.
  剧本；歌词
  Example sentencesExamples
  The text is deliberately sketchy, if not embryonic, and the rest is up to the director, designers, and, especially, actors to flesh out.
  There are laughs to be had from the updated text, and Shakespeare's basic story is as entertaining as ever.
  It is a sprawling work, confusing in the current production, and not entirely clarified even by perusal of the text.
  In the touring production of the show, performers read the text rather than act it out.
  Not everything should be forced to become clear-cut, if it is not so in the text.
  Another director might have been more ruthless with the text.
  Falls has made minor adjustments in the text, but Mark Wendland's décor departs radically from Jo Mielziner's original.
  We've stuck to the text but radically re-staged certain scenes.
  This is the only blemish in a breathtaking production that is based on a vividly theatrical response to the text.
  Nevertheless, the cast tackle the complexity of the text with energy and depth.
  Both performers do their best work when they have time to launch into the madder bits of the text.
  But the power of his performance only underlines the two-dimensionality of the part as it lies in the text.
  Even with the aid of a glossary, a synopsis and a published text, I found large tracts of Marcia Layne's first play impenetrable.
  However, the actors are able to sustain the trials of the text without losing momentum.
  Both mastered the text superbly and the emotions that ran between the two actors kept the audience on the edge of their seats.
  In 1674 an updated version of Shakespeare's The Tempest had sung Masques inserted into the text.
  Although Mark Dornford-May's production is played in 18th century costume, it takes a scythe to the text and cuts many of the more pointed lines.
  Hoffman and Reilly squeeze all the legitimate, and many illegitimate, laughs out of the text.
  In the text, there are no named characters or any indication of how to assign the speeches.
  The text calls for a curtain to be drawn, revealing with fine theatricality the living Hermione posing as her statue.
  Synonyms
  transcript, script
3A written work chosen or set as a subject of study.
（学习、研究上指定的）必读书本
too much concentration on set texts can turn pupils against reading
太注重指定的书本会使小学生讨厌阅读。
Example sentencesExamples
- Last Stand at Mobile possesses many of the qualities of a fine teaching text.
- Putting aside all those who must have been dragged there because Orwell's novel was one of their English set texts, that's still an impressive set of statistics.
- Mr Harris said he had joined Miss Atkinson's class, who were studying Billy Liar as one of their set texts, and he spoke once to answer his name when the register was called.
- There's a huge amount of work-a wider range of literary texts and poetry is studied.
- But critics point out that, as in Rio, the texts under discussion are vague and not legally binding.
- In both classrooms, student and teacher discussion surrounding literacy texts were very minimal.
- At home, they studied these texts in detail, and Judith subsequently translated some of them into rhythmic French prose.
- They would be doing four complete set texts and a good handful of poems along with completing a four thousand five hundred word critical essay on three novels or a selective group of poems of their own choice.
- The presence of monuments will be studied in the literary texts, but also from the point of view of drama.
- After examining and discussing texts, the children participated in an extension activity.
- Being prompted to read a text for a class does not always mean that you will appreciate it the same as if you chose to read it.
- All the class does is read aloud a text and everyone then discusses what it means to them.
- I've just come back to my office with an armful of old novels and literary criticism texts.
- Two excellent texts guided the discussion of slave activities as ‘seen but unseen.’
- Although it appeared to be important for this student to share this information, it did not apply to any tangible aspect of the text or discussion.
- The programme includes prayer, Bible readings, teaching texts, testimonies, lively open question times, and presentation of the gospel.
- Staff had been notified in November 2002 by OCR that set texts would change by June 2004.
- With countless documentary materials and other texts, this show was a remarkable tour de force and represents a new perspective on the study of Surrealism.
- Yes, we took it in turns to suggest a text to discuss for the next meeting.
- In the Australian study at least, the books are clearly the primary text with many people re-reading them in preparation for their film viewing.
1. 3.1 A textbook.
  教科书，课本
  an organic chemistry text
  Example sentencesExamples
  Tinto and Noel, Levitz, and Saluri have written comprehensive texts on the subject of retention.
  They quickly became the best-selling school texts nationwide.
  In fifty years as a writer he has published over 30 educational texts, and seven novels.
  It facilitated the collation and comparison of different manuscripts of a particular scientific text, which led to the correction of mistakes and the pooling of new ideas.
  She got up, jabbing Savvy softly on the arm with her elbow, grabbed a bunch of hardcover texts from the professor's desk and started to give one to each person.
  Some like to learn from texts and workbooks; others are more kinesthetic and need to have their ‘hands on’ what they are doing.
  Deciding on goals rather than on texts is not value-free, but I would argue that it would be easier to reach agreement on the aims of a course than on a given text.
  Someone must have been there at 5am ready to buy all the coffee stained English texts.
  Most introductory texts use the term ‘refraction techniques’ to describe what is often thought of as controlled-source seismology.
  Our history texts discuss these issues, which all have ethnic repercussions, in great detail.
  I would not however, recommend it as a primary text for undergraduate students.
  Yet today, Smith is the author of Modern Optical Engineering, a fundamental text in optical design.
  He has authored more than 100 publications in the cardiology literature and book chapters in medical texts.
  There is the sneaking suspicion that a text on writing may appear to be more useful than it actually is.
  He then went on to write further texts on mathematical physics, completing one on elasticity.
  The Bluejacket's Manual has been the primary text for teaching young Sailors ever since.
  In their screenings of Ienaga's texts, the Textbook Authorisation Council exposed its conviction that the purpose of history education was to create patriotic citizens.
  Such texts largely talk at rather than with students.
  Popular English grammar texts and workbooks for all skill levels can be purchased at their showroom or ordered through their catalog.
  My new marketing texts for the new term have arrived.
  Synonyms
  textbook, book
  set book, set text
2. 3.2 A passage from the Bible or other religious work, especially when used as the subject of a sermon.
  （尤指引作布道主题的）圣经经文
  Example sentencesExamples
  It brings much delight and refreshment to a congregation in the Prayer Meeting to hear one or two unfamiliar texts of the Bible quoted.
  So I decided to re-explore Judaism directly by reading texts and attending services at a Conservative synagogue.
  It is more or less a given, by convention if not by conviction, that one must have a biblical text for a sermon.
  In any event, our difficult scriptural texts must be not passed on uncritically in sermons and religious education.
  The pastor prays, leads the congregation in song, opens the Bible, reads the text.
  No one asks for copies of the prayer texts or the sermon, though many people comment on the energy and freshness of the service.
  Our reading from Romans 8 contains gospel grist for any number of sermons and is a text to which we pastors resort often in times of loss and perplexity.
  The first is that all the readings of texts and the sermons have been provided by biblical specialists, attempting to read theologically.
  After the video we would sit and talk about the evenings topic, and debate with each other the interpretation we each put into a text from the bible, or long held theories which we had doubts about.
  The role of music in the reading of religious texts is that of enhancing the meaning through clarification.
  Much of our ceremony and law systems stem from Roman Catholic bible texts.
  And, of course you'll continue to find sermons on the lectionary texts written by experienced preachers.
  The canonical texts in the Bible reflect this ongoing conversation within the ancient Hebrew community and the early church.
  First, if one studies Charles' hymns, one is struck by the fact that most of their phraseology comes from Scripture or from allusions to Bible texts.
  Bartlett's Good Friday sermon on a Johannine text demonstrates well how preaching may be shaped by a particular understanding of the good news.
  When it comes to a religious text, the translator could have some pre-conceived ideas which make him interpret certain texts in a certain way, but this could be mistaken.
  An antiphon usually refers to a syllabic setting of a brief Scriptural text sung before and after a psalm or canticle.
  A variety of speakers brought a variety of sermons on numerous texts, the result of which was occasional blessing but no regular consistent instruction.
  There are many texts of the Bible that support this, only by looking at these, and asking for God's spirit to help us can we prove these to ourselves.
  His art dealt with Christian themes either in the form of religious subjects of the 1940s, or in texts taken from the Bible.
  Synonyms
  passage, extract, quotation, verse, line
  reading, lesson
3. 3.3 A subject or theme for a discussion or exposition.
  （讨论等的）题目，主题
  he took as his text the fact that Australia is paradise
  他把澳大利亚是个天堂这个事实作为自己讨论的主题。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Each column begins with a true-life case study, and each is followed by a list of sources that can serve as basic texts for discussion.
  Is there a particular scene that you could use as a text for such a discussion?
  In the text of the discussion, we find the following exchange.
  He is concerned with selected, representative texts and themes.
  Synonyms
  theme, subject, topic, issue, point, motif
  thesis, argument
4A text message.
文本信息
just give us a call or send us a text
Example sentencesExamples
- The product manages phone calls, webcam, emails, texts and instant messaging in one place on a PC, with multi-way video calls expected to be added in 2005.
- He has not been heard from since and has not returned any calls or texts to his mobile phone, she said.
- You haven't replied any of my emails, texts, voicemails or anything.
- Still hopeful, he returns to Leicester and sits in a cold sweat, watching the screen of his mobile phone until the text drops just after 10.
- The new system lets you send texts to any cellphone in Britain for 12p, and it receives messages free.
- Rumours came in on the limited mobile phone texts and on the one battery radio about earthquakes somewhere nearby, but no clue as to the enormity of the whole thing.
- So I find out about my landline, through a text on my mobile.
- Any mobile phone can receive texts and it keeps you in close touch with your money.
- I am unconcerned about the interweb, and the occasional text seems just fine… but here I am less than an hour since I got home, online.
- If yes, stop immediately - no calls, emails, texts, no asking friends how she is doing.
- I'd just switched off the tape recorder and switched on the mobile phone when a text popped up to say that the deal had finally been done.
- Anecdotally, mobile phone calls and texts have increased.
- The combo package integrates a webcam, instant messaging, texts and e-mails in one free package.
- Once the calls, texts and emails start coming in I know I could be discussing almost any subject under the sun!
5mass noun Fine, large handwriting, used especially for manuscripts.
（尤指用于手稿的）粗体正楷

verb tɛksttɛkst

[with object]

Send (someone) a text message.
if she was going to go she would have texted us
Example sentencesExamples
- He was texting a friend when one of the youths asked him if he had 10 pence.
- I texted my girlfriend to let her know how brave I was being.
- She had texted him to meet her at the balcony where they usually meet.
- When I went into school next morning Amie was texting someone and when she saw me she put her phone away quickly.
- ‘I texted him when I had finished and he rang me to congratulate me,’ Tom said.
- She was busy texting someone throughout the game and so wasn't paying attention.
- It is a sophisticated mobile phone pager which texts the owner if the car alarm is triggered, the battery is disconnected or an unauthorised attempt is made to start the engine.
- Teenager Hina Khan likes loud music, chatting in class, watching TV and texting her school pals.
- My ex-boyfriend wouldn't even answer his phone and he never texted me back.
- They were in the queue texting their kids about the tickets, said John.
- Adrian texted me while I was still outside my house, asking me if I told anyone yet.
- To be honest the only reason I knew it was my birthday was because my sister texted me.
- We can live without their annoying ring tones, but we can't live without texting our friends.
- Princess has taken to texting me when she's free for dinner and includes her preferred restaurants.
- We would have been there sooner though if my Mum hadn't insisted on texting me en route to ask where we were.
- He started texting her and they talked on the telephone for about a month.
- Kate, who had already been awake and texting Dan like crazy, erupted into a fit of giggles.
- En route, TinTin texted me to say that she was feeling poorly and wouldn't be able to make it out Saturday night.
- I've been in meetings since then so I'm just texting someone to try to find out.
- Amanda had texted him first, with a silly little random message, an in-joke between them.

Derivatives

texter

noun

She told Reuters: ‘The fact that women are more likely to be texters could suggest that women now see mobile phones as extremely social tools.’
Example sentencesExamples
- What dedicated texter hasn't suffered an epic misunderstanding, or experienced a sick lurch of fear upon dispatching a message of sensitive character to the wrong recipient?
- Britain's speedy fingered texters sent on average 45 million texts every day last year.
- Rich Ling, a sociologist working for Telenor, a Norwegian telecommunications company, has interviewed thousands of mobile-phone texters, and he has noticed that they actually feel more disconnected from the world around them.
- I, personally, am a champion texter, but I have some friends who can hardly be bothered to click the buttons to read their texts, much less respond to them.

textless

adjective

Last Supper is virtually textless, relying upon sound - rather than words - and elaborately constructed images to invite the audience to participate in a dreamlike investigation of fulfillment.
Example sentencesExamples
- The very notion of a textless manifesto has a mischievous and distinctively Italian flavor.
- I want my imagery to be as physical and immediate as possible, and textless, filmic progressions of still images offer a more sculptural form, and a deeper psychological experience.
- Lastly, I would like to consider some of the small, textless images at the gallery, representations of individual women that make their point in both visual and conceptual terms.
- The openings and closings of the episodes are available in textless form as special features.

Origin

Late Middle English: from Old Northern French texte, from Latin textus 'tissue, literary style' (in medieval Latin, 'Gospel'), from text- 'woven', from the verb texere.

A text is created when words are woven together, and the term goes back ultimately to Latin texere ‘to weave’, also the source of texture (Late Middle English) which originally meant ‘a woven fabric’, textile (early 17th century), and context (Late Middle English). Text is a good example of how words develop new meanings in response to changes in the world. It is associated with the most traditional forms of the written word, but technological changes have introduced text messaging. You might think that the verb text (as in ‘I'll text you when I get back’) has only been in the language a short time, but here is Shakespeare using the word 400 years ago in the context of inscribing something on a gravestone in large or capital letters: ‘Yea and text underneath, here dwells Benedick the married man’ (Much Ado about Nothing).

Rhymes

next, oversexed, sext, undersexed

Definition of text in US English:

text

nounteksttɛkst

1A book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form.
文本；文章
a text that explores pain and grief
一篇探究痛苦和悲伤的文章。
Example sentencesExamples
- Stocking brings new insights to the volumes by concentrating on the contents of the texts and how they reflect the shifting nature of anthropological thinking.
- The forms of chronicle, fiction, narrative memoir and field study contribute to this text as a novel.
- Certainly, an introductory survey needs to account for these texts, summarise their content and aims, and use them referentially as an argument progresses.
- The medieval history of these islands is very old (we share that antiquity with the rest of Europe) and very well-documented in terms of texts.
- The Clinic is throwing its doors open to the general public for conserving ancient documents, texts and even damaged books with an offer for protecting them for at least one more century to come.
- My initial impression upon reading the title of this book was that a text had finally been written for the layman on how to draw and sketch mineral specimens.
- Up until now, he has written more than twenty books and hundreds of texts or contributions to volumes, catalogues and journals.
- By 1603, all the primary texts of the classical-republican tradition were available in English translations.
- Worse still, whereas literature was once valued for the beauty of its language or its moral impact, the purpose of reading is now to deconstruct texts in terms of power relationships.
- I'm only reading Madison's text and connecting it to the debate about religion and government that exists today.
- Brief introductions preface each text, which is printed in double columns on the page, and there is a full glossary at the end of the book.
- He considered it Menotti's finest text, and it is, indeed, a remarkable piece of work.
- Chapter two reflects on how Alcott's text connects writing to the injuries of battle.
- In this way, African literary texts are often subjected to the sort of reading that seeks to elicit from them a portrait of something called the African world.
- His interpretation of literary texts and memoirs, especially those from the nineteenth century, is masterful.
- Having been orally preserved by scholars after the first Qin Emperor destroyed the Confucian books, the texts had been written down in the new Han script current at the time of their recovery.
- In terms of character and content, these texts do not have much in common.
- The original purpose of the Institutiones was the teaching of Latin to Greek speakers, as is shown by repeated references to classical Greek texts.
- He's not only brilliant in law, he's an expert in historical research and has a huge library of medieval texts, even some in Old English and Occitan.
- Thus, by the turn of the seventeenth century, material drawn from classical texts about Greek art and artists had become a familiar feature of art literature.
Synonyms
written work, book, work, printed work, narrative
1. 1.1 A piece of written or printed material regarded as conveying the authentic or primary form of a particular work.
  原文
  in some passages it is difficult to establish the original text
  在一些段落很难确定原来的文本。
  the text of the lecture was available to guests
  当晚的来宾可以拿到讲座的文稿。
  Example sentencesExamples
  By the way - the link is to the text of the original story by MR James.
  The director did not deviate much from the original text.
  The Oxford editors first disentangled the two texts under their original printed titles of The History and The Tragedy of King Lear.
  In the Chinese text, the word used for ‘recognise’ and ‘acknowledge’ is the same.
  New editions of the texts in the original languages and new translations have been published.
  There were no PowerPoint slides from him, of course, and the hard copy of the text of his keynote speech was not available until later in the day.
  Have a look in the remainder bookshop and you'll find cheap reprints of the original texts.
  Based on a translation by Aravnidakshan, it will be an independent interpretation of the original text in Malayalam.
  You can then choose to listen to the recorded voice message which is a translation of the original text.
  Would there have been some value in giving the original French texts of quoted material (often extensive) in an appendix?
  The University of Oklahoma Press is to be commended for bringing this wonderful text out of seclusion and putting together a truly fine publication.
  He went so far as to revise the original text in 1965, changes the new edition incorporates.
  To be sure, Franklin wrote the original text in five phases beginning in 1771 and continued revising until his death.
  Logan also skillfully incorporates illustrative primary source texts into each of his chapters.
  This is the original text of an article first published in Vertigo magazine, spring 2002.
  But then, arrogantly assuming that few will actually visit the original text, he goes right ahead and borrows heavily from his cited source.
  Given that McKinnon claims to be a victim of sloppy journalism, I thought it would be useful to go straight to the source: the text of his address.
  In 1979 came a short but strikingly original life of Gladstone in which Stansky used as his core material the texts of some of Gladstone's most important parliamentary speeches.
  This fine translation of the Paul Gerhardt text by John Wesley is a standard with many congregations.
  Other tale-tellers repeated tales identical to Perrault's text word for word.
2. 1.2 Written or printed words, typically forming a connected piece of work.
  （尤指文章中的）文字
  stylistic features of journalistic text
  报刊文字的文体特征。
  Example sentencesExamples
  She flipped through its pages and was surprised to find it filled with handwritten text.
  The paper contained a few words of perfectly unintelligible text.
  Shallus was a clerk trained to create a fine handwritten text.
  To check whether your passport is machine-readable make sure there are two lines of text printed on the white stripe at the bottom of the personal information page.
  With print design, we have precise control over spacing between letters, words and lines of text.
  When they write, they piece together words in the same way to create text which is structurally sound, but is often also completely impenetrable drivel.
  This is consistent with the fact that the primary instructional strategies at this time were sight-word recognition and locating words in text.
  Here we have a short - about 130 pages of text - well written paperback that provides a perfect introduction to a complicated story.
  I create an edition that's about 15,000 words of text.
  Each word had a printed frequency between 2 and 10 occurrences per million words of text.
  In the meantime, traditional Latin and the severe cursive style was also abandoned in favour of a grammatically correct text and standard handwriting.
  This is a suggested format for citing the most common types of online material in printed texts; it is derived from advice given in various sources (listed at the end).
  I cannot imagine what English words sprinkled in Hungarian text looks like for someone who doesn't speak Hungarian.
  We can also see the remediation of print at work in the processes involved in producing handwritten text.
  The use of repetitions and taboo words in text is pretty much a direct reflection of their use in speech.
  Reading stories aloud provides a great opportunity for young children to hear sounds in words within the context of connected text.
  Written in the same flowing handwriting was more text.
  It's the first phase in my experiment of editing a dense piece of academic print text for the Web, and I actually posted it at the end of April, but only mentioned it in passing.
  Further, since they were creating text through the letter writing, it was easy to identify topics for subsequent mini-lessons.
  This is a pocket-sized volume running to 130 pages and probably no more than 40,000 words of text.
3. 1.3Computing Data in the form of words or alphabetic characters.
  Example sentencesExamples
  Once printed words have been scanned, they can be quickly converted into editable computer text.
  For my purposes, clearly displaying a lot of text at relatively small font sizes is the most important thing I want a monitor to do.
  This new version offers powerful control over the display and formatting of text.
  I'll just cut and paste a piece of text from her website.
  For example, one of IBM's patents is on the idea of marking text in a word-processor in different colors for correcting.
2in singular The main body of a book or other piece of writing, as distinct from other material such as notes, appendices, and illustrations.
正文
the pictures are clear and relate well to the text
图片清晰，紧扣正文。
Example sentencesExamples
- In neither the text nor the notes does Main engage directly with the arguments and interpretations of other historians.
- The editor of The Union understood the significance of these drawings and proposed this approach himself, augmenting the text with visual illustrations.
- Glossies, snapshots and notes litter the text like shards of broken glass.
- A draft had been completed and Hopkins was starting to fret about locating quality pictures to accompany his text when he met Freeman.
- Pictures depict the major topics of discussion and support the text well.
- This book gives sound illustrations and a thoughtful text, but by only using black and white photographs, it tends to look dated.
- Artists' books do not always marry words or text with images.
- The author has used simple language and self-explanatory illustrations throughout the text.
- There is no policy of transliteration: the same Bengali word is spelt differently in the text and the notes.
- The text of the book is preceded by a note in which Harris presents an uncharacteristically direct statement about his ideas and how they are to be understood in his work.
- The more than 100 illustrations complement the text nicely.
- They also held the prizewinners up as examples of professional quality layout with a block make up and an unmistakable and guaranteed connection between text and picture.
- I liked the way the illustrations match the text on each page.
- In addition, Braund has appended to the text 614 notes, some of which are more than forty lines.
- Any reference to work in the body of the text is usefully indexed with a page number in the margin directing the reader to further pictures.
- I would prefer to have seen more material in footnotes; too many references in the body of the text to the opinions of other critics make for an awkward read.
- This information is set off from the main text and highlighted in red so that the reader can easily identify these personalized approaches.
- The author has included aluminium phosphide and pyrethroid poisonings in the appendix of the text in this edition.
- The book concludes with biographical comments, notes on the text, and indices of persons, places, and topics.
- Nevertheless, she lays out a clear design for the text and illustrations without losing much by the exclusion of an index.
Synonyms
words, wording
1. 2.1 A script or libretto.
  剧本；歌词
  Example sentencesExamples
  Not everything should be forced to become clear-cut, if it is not so in the text.
  We've stuck to the text but radically re-staged certain scenes.
  Even with the aid of a glossary, a synopsis and a published text, I found large tracts of Marcia Layne's first play impenetrable.
  The text is deliberately sketchy, if not embryonic, and the rest is up to the director, designers, and, especially, actors to flesh out.
  Both performers do their best work when they have time to launch into the madder bits of the text.
  Nevertheless, the cast tackle the complexity of the text with energy and depth.
  Although Mark Dornford-May's production is played in 18th century costume, it takes a scythe to the text and cuts many of the more pointed lines.
  This is the only blemish in a breathtaking production that is based on a vividly theatrical response to the text.
  The text calls for a curtain to be drawn, revealing with fine theatricality the living Hermione posing as her statue.
  In the text, there are no named characters or any indication of how to assign the speeches.
  There are laughs to be had from the updated text, and Shakespeare's basic story is as entertaining as ever.
  Hoffman and Reilly squeeze all the legitimate, and many illegitimate, laughs out of the text.
  In the touring production of the show, performers read the text rather than act it out.
  In 1674 an updated version of Shakespeare's The Tempest had sung Masques inserted into the text.
  Another director might have been more ruthless with the text.
  However, the actors are able to sustain the trials of the text without losing momentum.
  But the power of his performance only underlines the two-dimensionality of the part as it lies in the text.
  Both mastered the text superbly and the emotions that ran between the two actors kept the audience on the edge of their seats.
  Falls has made minor adjustments in the text, but Mark Wendland's décor departs radically from Jo Mielziner's original.
  It is a sprawling work, confusing in the current production, and not entirely clarified even by perusal of the text.
  Synonyms
  transcript, script
3A written work chosen or assigned as a subject of study.
（学习、研究上指定的）必读书本
the book is intended as a secondary text for religion courses
Example sentencesExamples
- Staff had been notified in November 2002 by OCR that set texts would change by June 2004.
- I've just come back to my office with an armful of old novels and literary criticism texts.
- Mr Harris said he had joined Miss Atkinson's class, who were studying Billy Liar as one of their set texts, and he spoke once to answer his name when the register was called.
- All the class does is read aloud a text and everyone then discusses what it means to them.
- Yes, we took it in turns to suggest a text to discuss for the next meeting.
- Putting aside all those who must have been dragged there because Orwell's novel was one of their English set texts, that's still an impressive set of statistics.
- The presence of monuments will be studied in the literary texts, but also from the point of view of drama.
- With countless documentary materials and other texts, this show was a remarkable tour de force and represents a new perspective on the study of Surrealism.
- Although it appeared to be important for this student to share this information, it did not apply to any tangible aspect of the text or discussion.
- But critics point out that, as in Rio, the texts under discussion are vague and not legally binding.
- At home, they studied these texts in detail, and Judith subsequently translated some of them into rhythmic French prose.
- In both classrooms, student and teacher discussion surrounding literacy texts were very minimal.
- In the Australian study at least, the books are clearly the primary text with many people re-reading them in preparation for their film viewing.
- The programme includes prayer, Bible readings, teaching texts, testimonies, lively open question times, and presentation of the gospel.
- Last Stand at Mobile possesses many of the qualities of a fine teaching text.
- Two excellent texts guided the discussion of slave activities as ‘seen but unseen.’
- They would be doing four complete set texts and a good handful of poems along with completing a four thousand five hundred word critical essay on three novels or a selective group of poems of their own choice.
- After examining and discussing texts, the children participated in an extension activity.
- There's a huge amount of work-a wider range of literary texts and poetry is studied.
- Being prompted to read a text for a class does not always mean that you will appreciate it the same as if you chose to read it.
1. 3.1 A textbook.
  教科书，课本
  Example sentencesExamples
  They quickly became the best-selling school texts nationwide.
  Popular English grammar texts and workbooks for all skill levels can be purchased at their showroom or ordered through their catalog.
  Someone must have been there at 5am ready to buy all the coffee stained English texts.
  In their screenings of Ienaga's texts, the Textbook Authorisation Council exposed its conviction that the purpose of history education was to create patriotic citizens.
  In fifty years as a writer he has published over 30 educational texts, and seven novels.
  There is the sneaking suspicion that a text on writing may appear to be more useful than it actually is.
  The Bluejacket's Manual has been the primary text for teaching young Sailors ever since.
  Our history texts discuss these issues, which all have ethnic repercussions, in great detail.
  Most introductory texts use the term ‘refraction techniques’ to describe what is often thought of as controlled-source seismology.
  Deciding on goals rather than on texts is not value-free, but I would argue that it would be easier to reach agreement on the aims of a course than on a given text.
  It facilitated the collation and comparison of different manuscripts of a particular scientific text, which led to the correction of mistakes and the pooling of new ideas.
  Yet today, Smith is the author of Modern Optical Engineering, a fundamental text in optical design.
  I would not however, recommend it as a primary text for undergraduate students.
  Such texts largely talk at rather than with students.
  He has authored more than 100 publications in the cardiology literature and book chapters in medical texts.
  My new marketing texts for the new term have arrived.
  He then went on to write further texts on mathematical physics, completing one on elasticity.
  She got up, jabbing Savvy softly on the arm with her elbow, grabbed a bunch of hardcover texts from the professor's desk and started to give one to each person.
  Some like to learn from texts and workbooks; others are more kinesthetic and need to have their ‘hands on’ what they are doing.
  Tinto and Noel, Levitz, and Saluri have written comprehensive texts on the subject of retention.
  Synonyms
  textbook, book
2. 3.2 A passage from the Bible or other religious work, especially when used as the subject of a sermon.
  （尤指引作布道主题的）圣经经文
  Example sentencesExamples
  In any event, our difficult scriptural texts must be not passed on uncritically in sermons and religious education.
  So I decided to re-explore Judaism directly by reading texts and attending services at a Conservative synagogue.
  Bartlett's Good Friday sermon on a Johannine text demonstrates well how preaching may be shaped by a particular understanding of the good news.
  An antiphon usually refers to a syllabic setting of a brief Scriptural text sung before and after a psalm or canticle.
  Much of our ceremony and law systems stem from Roman Catholic bible texts.
  And, of course you'll continue to find sermons on the lectionary texts written by experienced preachers.
  It is more or less a given, by convention if not by conviction, that one must have a biblical text for a sermon.
  First, if one studies Charles' hymns, one is struck by the fact that most of their phraseology comes from Scripture or from allusions to Bible texts.
  The role of music in the reading of religious texts is that of enhancing the meaning through clarification.
  His art dealt with Christian themes either in the form of religious subjects of the 1940s, or in texts taken from the Bible.
  No one asks for copies of the prayer texts or the sermon, though many people comment on the energy and freshness of the service.
  The first is that all the readings of texts and the sermons have been provided by biblical specialists, attempting to read theologically.
  The canonical texts in the Bible reflect this ongoing conversation within the ancient Hebrew community and the early church.
  It brings much delight and refreshment to a congregation in the Prayer Meeting to hear one or two unfamiliar texts of the Bible quoted.
  The pastor prays, leads the congregation in song, opens the Bible, reads the text.
  After the video we would sit and talk about the evenings topic, and debate with each other the interpretation we each put into a text from the bible, or long held theories which we had doubts about.
  Our reading from Romans 8 contains gospel grist for any number of sermons and is a text to which we pastors resort often in times of loss and perplexity.
  When it comes to a religious text, the translator could have some pre-conceived ideas which make him interpret certain texts in a certain way, but this could be mistaken.
  A variety of speakers brought a variety of sermons on numerous texts, the result of which was occasional blessing but no regular consistent instruction.
  There are many texts of the Bible that support this, only by looking at these, and asking for God's spirit to help us can we prove these to ourselves.
  Synonyms
  passage, extract, quotation, verse, line
3. 3.3 A subject or theme for a discussion or exposition.
  （讨论等的）题目，主题
  he took as his text the fact that Australia is paradise
  他把澳大利亚是个天堂这个事实作为自己讨论的主题。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Is there a particular scene that you could use as a text for such a discussion?
  Each column begins with a true-life case study, and each is followed by a list of sources that can serve as basic texts for discussion.
  In the text of the discussion, we find the following exchange.
  He is concerned with selected, representative texts and themes.
  Synonyms
  theme, subject, topic, issue, point, motif
4A text message.
文本信息
Example sentencesExamples
- If yes, stop immediately - no calls, emails, texts, no asking friends how she is doing.
- The new system lets you send texts to any cellphone in Britain for 12p, and it receives messages free.
- The product manages phone calls, webcam, emails, texts and instant messaging in one place on a PC, with multi-way video calls expected to be added in 2005.
- The combo package integrates a webcam, instant messaging, texts and e-mails in one free package.
- So I find out about my landline, through a text on my mobile.
- He has not been heard from since and has not returned any calls or texts to his mobile phone, she said.
- Still hopeful, he returns to Leicester and sits in a cold sweat, watching the screen of his mobile phone until the text drops just after 10.
- Any mobile phone can receive texts and it keeps you in close touch with your money.
- Anecdotally, mobile phone calls and texts have increased.
- Rumours came in on the limited mobile phone texts and on the one battery radio about earthquakes somewhere nearby, but no clue as to the enormity of the whole thing.
- You haven't replied any of my emails, texts, voicemails or anything.
- Once the calls, texts and emails start coming in I know I could be discussing almost any subject under the sun!
- I'd just switched off the tape recorder and switched on the mobile phone when a text popped up to say that the deal had finally been done.
- I am unconcerned about the interweb, and the occasional text seems just fine… but here I am less than an hour since I got home, online.
5Fine, large handwriting, used especially for manuscripts.
（尤指用于手稿的）粗体正楷

verbteksttɛkst

[with object]

Send a text message to.
文本信息
I thought it was fantastic that he took the trouble to text me
stricter regulations against texting while driving
Example sentencesExamples
- They were in the queue texting their kids about the tickets, said John.
- Amanda had texted him first, with a silly little random message, an in-joke between them.
- When I went into school next morning Amie was texting someone and when she saw me she put her phone away quickly.
- Kate, who had already been awake and texting Dan like crazy, erupted into a fit of giggles.
- To be honest the only reason I knew it was my birthday was because my sister texted me.
- He started texting her and they talked on the telephone for about a month.
- We can live without their annoying ring tones, but we can't live without texting our friends.
- Teenager Hina Khan likes loud music, chatting in class, watching TV and texting her school pals.
- Princess has taken to texting me when she's free for dinner and includes her preferred restaurants.
- En route, TinTin texted me to say that she was feeling poorly and wouldn't be able to make it out Saturday night.
- She was busy texting someone throughout the game and so wasn't paying attention.
- It is a sophisticated mobile phone pager which texts the owner if the car alarm is triggered, the battery is disconnected or an unauthorised attempt is made to start the engine.
- He was texting a friend when one of the youths asked him if he had 10 pence.
- My ex-boyfriend wouldn't even answer his phone and he never texted me back.
- I've been in meetings since then so I'm just texting someone to try to find out.
- She had texted him to meet her at the balcony where they usually meet.
- ‘I texted him when I had finished and he rang me to congratulate me,’ Tom said.
- We would have been there sooner though if my Mum hadn't insisted on texting me en route to ask where we were.
- Adrian texted me while I was still outside my house, asking me if I told anyone yet.
- I texted my girlfriend to let her know how brave I was being.

Origin

Late Middle English: from Old Northern French texte, from Latin textus ‘tissue, literary style’ (in medieval Latin, ‘Gospel’), from text- ‘woven’, from the verb texere.

词汇	text
释义	Definition of text in English: text noun tɛksttɛkst 1A book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form. 文本；文章 a text which explores pain and grief 一篇探究痛苦和悲伤的文章。 Example sentencesExamples In terms of character and content, these texts do not have much in common. I'm only reading Madison's text and connecting it to the debate about religion and government that exists today. The Clinic is throwing its doors open to the general public for conserving ancient documents, texts and even damaged books with an offer for protecting them for at least one more century to come. Stocking brings new insights to the volumes by concentrating on the contents of the texts and how they reflect the shifting nature of anthropological thinking. Certainly, an introductory survey needs to account for these texts, summarise their content and aims, and use them referentially as an argument progresses. By 1603, all the primary texts of the classical-republican tradition were available in English translations. Chapter two reflects on how Alcott's text connects writing to the injuries of battle. He's not only brilliant in law, he's an expert in historical research and has a huge library of medieval texts, even some in Old English and Occitan. His interpretation of literary texts and memoirs, especially those from the nineteenth century, is masterful. Having been orally preserved by scholars after the first Qin Emperor destroyed the Confucian books, the texts had been written down in the new Han script current at the time of their recovery. Worse still, whereas literature was once valued for the beauty of its language or its moral impact, the purpose of reading is now to deconstruct texts in terms of power relationships. Brief introductions preface each text, which is printed in double columns on the page, and there is a full glossary at the end of the book. In this way, African literary texts are often subjected to the sort of reading that seeks to elicit from them a portrait of something called the African world. He considered it Menotti's finest text, and it is, indeed, a remarkable piece of work. Up until now, he has written more than twenty books and hundreds of texts or contributions to volumes, catalogues and journals. My initial impression upon reading the title of this book was that a text had finally been written for the layman on how to draw and sketch mineral specimens. The original purpose of the Institutiones was the teaching of Latin to Greek speakers, as is shown by repeated references to classical Greek texts. The medieval history of these islands is very old (we share that antiquity with the rest of Europe) and very well-documented in terms of texts. Thus, by the turn of the seventeenth century, material drawn from classical texts about Greek art and artists had become a familiar feature of art literature. The forms of chronicle, fiction, narrative memoir and field study contribute to this text as a novel. Synonyms written work, book, work, printed work, narrative 1.1 A piece of written or printed material regarded as conveying the authentic or primary form of a particular work. 原文 in some passages it is difficult to establish the original text 在一些段落很难确定原来的文本。 Example sentencesExamples Have a look in the remainder bookshop and you'll find cheap reprints of the original texts. Given that McKinnon claims to be a victim of sloppy journalism, I thought it would be useful to go straight to the source: the text of his address. The University of Oklahoma Press is to be commended for bringing this wonderful text out of seclusion and putting together a truly fine publication. This is the original text of an article first published in Vertigo magazine, spring 2002. The director did not deviate much from the original text. There were no PowerPoint slides from him, of course, and the hard copy of the text of his keynote speech was not available until later in the day. This fine translation of the Paul Gerhardt text by John Wesley is a standard with many congregations. But then, arrogantly assuming that few will actually visit the original text, he goes right ahead and borrows heavily from his cited source. Based on a translation by Aravnidakshan, it will be an independent interpretation of the original text in Malayalam. Other tale-tellers repeated tales identical to Perrault's text word for word. In 1979 came a short but strikingly original life of Gladstone in which Stansky used as his core material the texts of some of Gladstone's most important parliamentary speeches. He went so far as to revise the original text in 1965, changes the new edition incorporates. Would there have been some value in giving the original French texts of quoted material (often extensive) in an appendix? To be sure, Franklin wrote the original text in five phases beginning in 1771 and continued revising until his death. Logan also skillfully incorporates illustrative primary source texts into each of his chapters. By the way - the link is to the text of the original story by MR James. You can then choose to listen to the recorded voice message which is a translation of the original text. The Oxford editors first disentangled the two texts under their original printed titles of The History and The Tragedy of King Lear. In the Chinese text, the word used for ‘recognise’ and ‘acknowledge’ is the same. New editions of the texts in the original languages and new translations have been published. 1.2mass noun Written or printed words, typically forming a connected piece of work. （尤指文章中的）文字 stylistic features of journalistic text 报刊文字的文体特征。 Example sentencesExamples I cannot imagine what English words sprinkled in Hungarian text looks like for someone who doesn't speak Hungarian. In the meantime, traditional Latin and the severe cursive style was also abandoned in favour of a grammatically correct text and standard handwriting. This is a suggested format for citing the most common types of online material in printed texts; it is derived from advice given in various sources (listed at the end). The use of repetitions and taboo words in text is pretty much a direct reflection of their use in speech. Written in the same flowing handwriting was more text. She flipped through its pages and was surprised to find it filled with handwritten text. Each word had a printed frequency between 2 and 10 occurrences per million words of text. This is consistent with the fact that the primary instructional strategies at this time were sight-word recognition and locating words in text. Shallus was a clerk trained to create a fine handwritten text. This is a pocket-sized volume running to 130 pages and probably no more than 40,000 words of text. Reading stories aloud provides a great opportunity for young children to hear sounds in words within the context of connected text. It's the first phase in my experiment of editing a dense piece of academic print text for the Web, and I actually posted it at the end of April, but only mentioned it in passing. We can also see the remediation of print at work in the processes involved in producing handwritten text. With print design, we have precise control over spacing between letters, words and lines of text. The paper contained a few words of perfectly unintelligible text. Here we have a short - about 130 pages of text - well written paperback that provides a perfect introduction to a complicated story. I create an edition that's about 15,000 words of text. When they write, they piece together words in the same way to create text which is structurally sound, but is often also completely impenetrable drivel. Further, since they were creating text through the letter writing, it was easy to identify topics for subsequent mini-lessons. To check whether your passport is machine-readable make sure there are two lines of text printed on the white stripe at the bottom of the personal information page. 1.3Computing mass noun Data in the form of words or alphabetic characters. Example sentencesExamples This new version offers powerful control over the display and formatting of text. For example, one of IBM's patents is on the idea of marking text in a word-processor in different colors for correcting. I'll just cut and paste a piece of text from her website. Once printed words have been scanned, they can be quickly converted into editable computer text. For my purposes, clearly displaying a lot of text at relatively small font sizes is the most important thing I want a monitor to do. 2in singular The main body of a book or other piece of writing, as distinct from other material such as notes, appendices, and illustrations. 正文 the pictures are clear and relate well to the text 图片清晰，紧扣正文。 Example sentencesExamples Artists' books do not always marry words or text with images. The author has included aluminium phosphide and pyrethroid poisonings in the appendix of the text in this edition. In neither the text nor the notes does Main engage directly with the arguments and interpretations of other historians. Glossies, snapshots and notes litter the text like shards of broken glass. This book gives sound illustrations and a thoughtful text, but by only using black and white photographs, it tends to look dated. Any reference to work in the body of the text is usefully indexed with a page number in the margin directing the reader to further pictures. The book concludes with biographical comments, notes on the text, and indices of persons, places, and topics. Pictures depict the major topics of discussion and support the text well. They also held the prizewinners up as examples of professional quality layout with a block make up and an unmistakable and guaranteed connection between text and picture. I liked the way the illustrations match the text on each page. Nevertheless, she lays out a clear design for the text and illustrations without losing much by the exclusion of an index. The more than 100 illustrations complement the text nicely. I would prefer to have seen more material in footnotes; too many references in the body of the text to the opinions of other critics make for an awkward read. The editor of The Union understood the significance of these drawings and proposed this approach himself, augmenting the text with visual illustrations. This information is set off from the main text and highlighted in red so that the reader can easily identify these personalized approaches. In addition, Braund has appended to the text 614 notes, some of which are more than forty lines. There is no policy of transliteration: the same Bengali word is spelt differently in the text and the notes. The text of the book is preceded by a note in which Harris presents an uncharacteristically direct statement about his ideas and how they are to be understood in his work. A draft had been completed and Hopkins was starting to fret about locating quality pictures to accompany his text when he met Freeman. The author has used simple language and self-explanatory illustrations throughout the text. Synonyms words, wording subject matter, content, contents, body, main body, main matter 2.1 A script or libretto. 剧本；歌词 Example sentencesExamples The text is deliberately sketchy, if not embryonic, and the rest is up to the director, designers, and, especially, actors to flesh out. There are laughs to be had from the updated text, and Shakespeare's basic story is as entertaining as ever. It is a sprawling work, confusing in the current production, and not entirely clarified even by perusal of the text. In the touring production of the show, performers read the text rather than act it out. Not everything should be forced to become clear-cut, if it is not so in the text. Another director might have been more ruthless with the text. Falls has made minor adjustments in the text, but Mark Wendland's décor departs radically from Jo Mielziner's original. We've stuck to the text but radically re-staged certain scenes. This is the only blemish in a breathtaking production that is based on a vividly theatrical response to the text. Nevertheless, the cast tackle the complexity of the text with energy and depth. Both performers do their best work when they have time to launch into the madder bits of the text. But the power of his performance only underlines the two-dimensionality of the part as it lies in the text. Even with the aid of a glossary, a synopsis and a published text, I found large tracts of Marcia Layne's first play impenetrable. However, the actors are able to sustain the trials of the text without losing momentum. Both mastered the text superbly and the emotions that ran between the two actors kept the audience on the edge of their seats. In 1674 an updated version of Shakespeare's The Tempest had sung Masques inserted into the text. Although Mark Dornford-May's production is played in 18th century costume, it takes a scythe to the text and cuts many of the more pointed lines. Hoffman and Reilly squeeze all the legitimate, and many illegitimate, laughs out of the text. In the text, there are no named characters or any indication of how to assign the speeches. The text calls for a curtain to be drawn, revealing with fine theatricality the living Hermione posing as her statue. Synonyms transcript, script 3A written work chosen or set as a subject of study. （学习、研究上指定的）必读书本 too much concentration on set texts can turn pupils against reading 太注重指定的书本会使小学生讨厌阅读。 Example sentencesExamples Last Stand at Mobile possesses many of the qualities of a fine teaching text. Putting aside all those who must have been dragged there because Orwell's novel was one of their English set texts, that's still an impressive set of statistics. Mr Harris said he had joined Miss Atkinson's class, who were studying Billy Liar as one of their set texts, and he spoke once to answer his name when the register was called. There's a huge amount of work-a wider range of literary texts and poetry is studied. But critics point out that, as in Rio, the texts under discussion are vague and not legally binding. In both classrooms, student and teacher discussion surrounding literacy texts were very minimal. At home, they studied these texts in detail, and Judith subsequently translated some of them into rhythmic French prose. They would be doing four complete set texts and a good handful of poems along with completing a four thousand five hundred word critical essay on three novels or a selective group of poems of their own choice. The presence of monuments will be studied in the literary texts, but also from the point of view of drama. After examining and discussing texts, the children participated in an extension activity. Being prompted to read a text for a class does not always mean that you will appreciate it the same as if you chose to read it. All the class does is read aloud a text and everyone then discusses what it means to them. I've just come back to my office with an armful of old novels and literary criticism texts. Two excellent texts guided the discussion of slave activities as ‘seen but unseen.’ Although it appeared to be important for this student to share this information, it did not apply to any tangible aspect of the text or discussion. The programme includes prayer, Bible readings, teaching texts, testimonies, lively open question times, and presentation of the gospel. Staff had been notified in November 2002 by OCR that set texts would change by June 2004. With countless documentary materials and other texts, this show was a remarkable tour de force and represents a new perspective on the study of Surrealism. Yes, we took it in turns to suggest a text to discuss for the next meeting. In the Australian study at least, the books are clearly the primary text with many people re-reading them in preparation for their film viewing. 3.1 A textbook. 教科书，课本 an organic chemistry text Example sentencesExamples Tinto and Noel, Levitz, and Saluri have written comprehensive texts on the subject of retention. They quickly became the best-selling school texts nationwide. In fifty years as a writer he has published over 30 educational texts, and seven novels. It facilitated the collation and comparison of different manuscripts of a particular scientific text, which led to the correction of mistakes and the pooling of new ideas. She got up, jabbing Savvy softly on the arm with her elbow, grabbed a bunch of hardcover texts from the professor's desk and started to give one to each person. Some like to learn from texts and workbooks; others are more kinesthetic and need to have their ‘hands on’ what they are doing. Deciding on goals rather than on texts is not value-free, but I would argue that it would be easier to reach agreement on the aims of a course than on a given text. Someone must have been there at 5am ready to buy all the coffee stained English texts. Most introductory texts use the term ‘refraction techniques’ to describe what is often thought of as controlled-source seismology. Our history texts discuss these issues, which all have ethnic repercussions, in great detail. I would not however, recommend it as a primary text for undergraduate students. Yet today, Smith is the author of Modern Optical Engineering, a fundamental text in optical design. He has authored more than 100 publications in the cardiology literature and book chapters in medical texts. There is the sneaking suspicion that a text on writing may appear to be more useful than it actually is. He then went on to write further texts on mathematical physics, completing one on elasticity. The Bluejacket's Manual has been the primary text for teaching young Sailors ever since. In their screenings of Ienaga's texts, the Textbook Authorisation Council exposed its conviction that the purpose of history education was to create patriotic citizens. Such texts largely talk at rather than with students. Popular English grammar texts and workbooks for all skill levels can be purchased at their showroom or ordered through their catalog. My new marketing texts for the new term have arrived. Synonyms textbook, book set book, set text 3.2 A passage from the Bible or other religious work, especially when used as the subject of a sermon. （尤指引作布道主题的）圣经经文 Example sentencesExamples It brings much delight and refreshment to a congregation in the Prayer Meeting to hear one or two unfamiliar texts of the Bible quoted. So I decided to re-explore Judaism directly by reading texts and attending services at a Conservative synagogue. It is more or less a given, by convention if not by conviction, that one must have a biblical text for a sermon. In any event, our difficult scriptural texts must be not passed on uncritically in sermons and religious education. The pastor prays, leads the congregation in song, opens the Bible, reads the text. No one asks for copies of the prayer texts or the sermon, though many people comment on the energy and freshness of the service. Our reading from Romans 8 contains gospel grist for any number of sermons and is a text to which we pastors resort often in times of loss and perplexity. The first is that all the readings of texts and the sermons have been provided by biblical specialists, attempting to read theologically. After the video we would sit and talk about the evenings topic, and debate with each other the interpretation we each put into a text from the bible, or long held theories which we had doubts about. The role of music in the reading of religious texts is that of enhancing the meaning through clarification. Much of our ceremony and law systems stem from Roman Catholic bible texts. And, of course you'll continue to find sermons on the lectionary texts written by experienced preachers. The canonical texts in the Bible reflect this ongoing conversation within the ancient Hebrew community and the early church. First, if one studies Charles' hymns, one is struck by the fact that most of their phraseology comes from Scripture or from allusions to Bible texts. Bartlett's Good Friday sermon on a Johannine text demonstrates well how preaching may be shaped by a particular understanding of the good news. When it comes to a religious text, the translator could have some pre-conceived ideas which make him interpret certain texts in a certain way, but this could be mistaken. An antiphon usually refers to a syllabic setting of a brief Scriptural text sung before and after a psalm or canticle. A variety of speakers brought a variety of sermons on numerous texts, the result of which was occasional blessing but no regular consistent instruction. There are many texts of the Bible that support this, only by looking at these, and asking for God's spirit to help us can we prove these to ourselves. His art dealt with Christian themes either in the form of religious subjects of the 1940s, or in texts taken from the Bible. Synonyms passage, extract, quotation, verse, line reading, lesson 3.3 A subject or theme for a discussion or exposition. （讨论等的）题目，主题 he took as his text the fact that Australia is paradise 他把澳大利亚是个天堂这个事实作为自己讨论的主题。 Example sentencesExamples Each column begins with a true-life case study, and each is followed by a list of sources that can serve as basic texts for discussion. Is there a particular scene that you could use as a text for such a discussion? In the text of the discussion, we find the following exchange. He is concerned with selected, representative texts and themes. Synonyms theme, subject, topic, issue, point, motif thesis, argument 4A text message. 文本信息 just give us a call or send us a text Example sentencesExamples The product manages phone calls, webcam, emails, texts and instant messaging in one place on a PC, with multi-way video calls expected to be added in 2005. He has not been heard from since and has not returned any calls or texts to his mobile phone, she said. You haven't replied any of my emails, texts, voicemails or anything. Still hopeful, he returns to Leicester and sits in a cold sweat, watching the screen of his mobile phone until the text drops just after 10. The new system lets you send texts to any cellphone in Britain for 12p, and it receives messages free. Rumours came in on the limited mobile phone texts and on the one battery radio about earthquakes somewhere nearby, but no clue as to the enormity of the whole thing. So I find out about my landline, through a text on my mobile. Any mobile phone can receive texts and it keeps you in close touch with your money. I am unconcerned about the interweb, and the occasional text seems just fine… but here I am less than an hour since I got home, online. If yes, stop immediately - no calls, emails, texts, no asking friends how she is doing. I'd just switched off the tape recorder and switched on the mobile phone when a text popped up to say that the deal had finally been done. Anecdotally, mobile phone calls and texts have increased. The combo package integrates a webcam, instant messaging, texts and e-mails in one free package. Once the calls, texts and emails start coming in I know I could be discussing almost any subject under the sun! 5mass noun Fine, large handwriting, used especially for manuscripts. （尤指用于手稿的）粗体正楷 verb tɛksttɛkst [with object] Send (someone) a text message. if she was going to go she would have texted us Example sentencesExamples He was texting a friend when one of the youths asked him if he had 10 pence. I texted my girlfriend to let her know how brave I was being. She had texted him to meet her at the balcony where they usually meet. When I went into school next morning Amie was texting someone and when she saw me she put her phone away quickly. ‘I texted him when I had finished and he rang me to congratulate me,’ Tom said. She was busy texting someone throughout the game and so wasn't paying attention. It is a sophisticated mobile phone pager which texts the owner if the car alarm is triggered, the battery is disconnected or an unauthorised attempt is made to start the engine. Teenager Hina Khan likes loud music, chatting in class, watching TV and texting her school pals. My ex-boyfriend wouldn't even answer his phone and he never texted me back. They were in the queue texting their kids about the tickets, said John. Adrian texted me while I was still outside my house, asking me if I told anyone yet. To be honest the only reason I knew it was my birthday was because my sister texted me. We can live without their annoying ring tones, but we can't live without texting our friends. Princess has taken to texting me when she's free for dinner and includes her preferred restaurants. We would have been there sooner though if my Mum hadn't insisted on texting me en route to ask where we were. He started texting her and they talked on the telephone for about a month. Kate, who had already been awake and texting Dan like crazy, erupted into a fit of giggles. En route, TinTin texted me to say that she was feeling poorly and wouldn't be able to make it out Saturday night. I've been in meetings since then so I'm just texting someone to try to find out. Amanda had texted him first, with a silly little random message, an in-joke between them. Derivatives texter noun She told Reuters: ‘The fact that women are more likely to be texters could suggest that women now see mobile phones as extremely social tools.’ Example sentencesExamples What dedicated texter hasn't suffered an epic misunderstanding, or experienced a sick lurch of fear upon dispatching a message of sensitive character to the wrong recipient? Britain's speedy fingered texters sent on average 45 million texts every day last year. Rich Ling, a sociologist working for Telenor, a Norwegian telecommunications company, has interviewed thousands of mobile-phone texters, and he has noticed that they actually feel more disconnected from the world around them. I, personally, am a champion texter, but I have some friends who can hardly be bothered to click the buttons to read their texts, much less respond to them. textless adjective Last Supper is virtually textless, relying upon sound - rather than words - and elaborately constructed images to invite the audience to participate in a dreamlike investigation of fulfillment. Example sentencesExamples The very notion of a textless manifesto has a mischievous and distinctively Italian flavor. I want my imagery to be as physical and immediate as possible, and textless, filmic progressions of still images offer a more sculptural form, and a deeper psychological experience. Lastly, I would like to consider some of the small, textless images at the gallery, representations of individual women that make their point in both visual and conceptual terms. The openings and closings of the episodes are available in textless form as special features. Origin Late Middle English: from Old Northern French texte, from Latin textus 'tissue, literary style' (in medieval Latin, 'Gospel'), from text- 'woven', from the verb texere. A text is created when words are woven together, and the term goes back ultimately to Latin texere ‘to weave’, also the source of texture (Late Middle English) which originally meant ‘a woven fabric’, textile (early 17th century), and context (Late Middle English). Text is a good example of how words develop new meanings in response to changes in the world. It is associated with the most traditional forms of the written word, but technological changes have introduced text messaging. You might think that the verb text (as in ‘I'll text you when I get back’) has only been in the language a short time, but here is Shakespeare using the word 400 years ago in the context of inscribing something on a gravestone in large or capital letters: ‘Yea and text underneath, here dwells Benedick the married man’ (Much Ado about Nothing). Rhymes next, oversexed, sext, undersexed Definition of text in US English: text nounteksttɛkst 1A book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form. 文本；文章 a text that explores pain and grief 一篇探究痛苦和悲伤的文章。 Example sentencesExamples Stocking brings new insights to the volumes by concentrating on the contents of the texts and how they reflect the shifting nature of anthropological thinking. The forms of chronicle, fiction, narrative memoir and field study contribute to this text as a novel. Certainly, an introductory survey needs to account for these texts, summarise their content and aims, and use them referentially as an argument progresses. The medieval history of these islands is very old (we share that antiquity with the rest of Europe) and very well-documented in terms of texts. The Clinic is throwing its doors open to the general public for conserving ancient documents, texts and even damaged books with an offer for protecting them for at least one more century to come. My initial impression upon reading the title of this book was that a text had finally been written for the layman on how to draw and sketch mineral specimens. Up until now, he has written more than twenty books and hundreds of texts or contributions to volumes, catalogues and journals. By 1603, all the primary texts of the classical-republican tradition were available in English translations. Worse still, whereas literature was once valued for the beauty of its language or its moral impact, the purpose of reading is now to deconstruct texts in terms of power relationships. I'm only reading Madison's text and connecting it to the debate about religion and government that exists today. Brief introductions preface each text, which is printed in double columns on the page, and there is a full glossary at the end of the book. He considered it Menotti's finest text, and it is, indeed, a remarkable piece of work. Chapter two reflects on how Alcott's text connects writing to the injuries of battle. In this way, African literary texts are often subjected to the sort of reading that seeks to elicit from them a portrait of something called the African world. His interpretation of literary texts and memoirs, especially those from the nineteenth century, is masterful. Having been orally preserved by scholars after the first Qin Emperor destroyed the Confucian books, the texts had been written down in the new Han script current at the time of their recovery. In terms of character and content, these texts do not have much in common. The original purpose of the Institutiones was the teaching of Latin to Greek speakers, as is shown by repeated references to classical Greek texts. He's not only brilliant in law, he's an expert in historical research and has a huge library of medieval texts, even some in Old English and Occitan. Thus, by the turn of the seventeenth century, material drawn from classical texts about Greek art and artists had become a familiar feature of art literature. Synonyms written work, book, work, printed work, narrative 1.1 A piece of written or printed material regarded as conveying the authentic or primary form of a particular work. 原文 in some passages it is difficult to establish the original text 在一些段落很难确定原来的文本。 the text of the lecture was available to guests 当晚的来宾可以拿到讲座的文稿。 Example sentencesExamples By the way - the link is to the text of the original story by MR James. The director did not deviate much from the original text. The Oxford editors first disentangled the two texts under their original printed titles of The History and The Tragedy of King Lear. In the Chinese text, the word used for ‘recognise’ and ‘acknowledge’ is the same. New editions of the texts in the original languages and new translations have been published. There were no PowerPoint slides from him, of course, and the hard copy of the text of his keynote speech was not available until later in the day. Have a look in the remainder bookshop and you'll find cheap reprints of the original texts. Based on a translation by Aravnidakshan, it will be an independent interpretation of the original text in Malayalam. You can then choose to listen to the recorded voice message which is a translation of the original text. Would there have been some value in giving the original French texts of quoted material (often extensive) in an appendix? The University of Oklahoma Press is to be commended for bringing this wonderful text out of seclusion and putting together a truly fine publication. He went so far as to revise the original text in 1965, changes the new edition incorporates. To be sure, Franklin wrote the original text in five phases beginning in 1771 and continued revising until his death. Logan also skillfully incorporates illustrative primary source texts into each of his chapters. This is the original text of an article first published in Vertigo magazine, spring 2002. But then, arrogantly assuming that few will actually visit the original text, he goes right ahead and borrows heavily from his cited source. Given that McKinnon claims to be a victim of sloppy journalism, I thought it would be useful to go straight to the source: the text of his address. In 1979 came a short but strikingly original life of Gladstone in which Stansky used as his core material the texts of some of Gladstone's most important parliamentary speeches. This fine translation of the Paul Gerhardt text by John Wesley is a standard with many congregations. Other tale-tellers repeated tales identical to Perrault's text word for word. 1.2 Written or printed words, typically forming a connected piece of work. （尤指文章中的）文字 stylistic features of journalistic text 报刊文字的文体特征。 Example sentencesExamples She flipped through its pages and was surprised to find it filled with handwritten text. The paper contained a few words of perfectly unintelligible text. Shallus was a clerk trained to create a fine handwritten text. To check whether your passport is machine-readable make sure there are two lines of text printed on the white stripe at the bottom of the personal information page. With print design, we have precise control over spacing between letters, words and lines of text. When they write, they piece together words in the same way to create text which is structurally sound, but is often also completely impenetrable drivel. This is consistent with the fact that the primary instructional strategies at this time were sight-word recognition and locating words in text. Here we have a short - about 130 pages of text - well written paperback that provides a perfect introduction to a complicated story. I create an edition that's about 15,000 words of text. Each word had a printed frequency between 2 and 10 occurrences per million words of text. In the meantime, traditional Latin and the severe cursive style was also abandoned in favour of a grammatically correct text and standard handwriting. This is a suggested format for citing the most common types of online material in printed texts; it is derived from advice given in various sources (listed at the end). I cannot imagine what English words sprinkled in Hungarian text looks like for someone who doesn't speak Hungarian. We can also see the remediation of print at work in the processes involved in producing handwritten text. The use of repetitions and taboo words in text is pretty much a direct reflection of their use in speech. Reading stories aloud provides a great opportunity for young children to hear sounds in words within the context of connected text. Written in the same flowing handwriting was more text. It's the first phase in my experiment of editing a dense piece of academic print text for the Web, and I actually posted it at the end of April, but only mentioned it in passing. Further, since they were creating text through the letter writing, it was easy to identify topics for subsequent mini-lessons. This is a pocket-sized volume running to 130 pages and probably no more than 40,000 words of text. 1.3Computing Data in the form of words or alphabetic characters. Example sentencesExamples Once printed words have been scanned, they can be quickly converted into editable computer text. For my purposes, clearly displaying a lot of text at relatively small font sizes is the most important thing I want a monitor to do. This new version offers powerful control over the display and formatting of text. I'll just cut and paste a piece of text from her website. For example, one of IBM's patents is on the idea of marking text in a word-processor in different colors for correcting. 2in singular The main body of a book or other piece of writing, as distinct from other material such as notes, appendices, and illustrations. 正文 the pictures are clear and relate well to the text 图片清晰，紧扣正文。 Example sentencesExamples In neither the text nor the notes does Main engage directly with the arguments and interpretations of other historians. The editor of The Union understood the significance of these drawings and proposed this approach himself, augmenting the text with visual illustrations. Glossies, snapshots and notes litter the text like shards of broken glass. A draft had been completed and Hopkins was starting to fret about locating quality pictures to accompany his text when he met Freeman. Pictures depict the major topics of discussion and support the text well. This book gives sound illustrations and a thoughtful text, but by only using black and white photographs, it tends to look dated. Artists' books do not always marry words or text with images. The author has used simple language and self-explanatory illustrations throughout the text. There is no policy of transliteration: the same Bengali word is spelt differently in the text and the notes. The text of the book is preceded by a note in which Harris presents an uncharacteristically direct statement about his ideas and how they are to be understood in his work. The more than 100 illustrations complement the text nicely. They also held the prizewinners up as examples of professional quality layout with a block make up and an unmistakable and guaranteed connection between text and picture. I liked the way the illustrations match the text on each page. In addition, Braund has appended to the text 614 notes, some of which are more than forty lines. Any reference to work in the body of the text is usefully indexed with a page number in the margin directing the reader to further pictures. I would prefer to have seen more material in footnotes; too many references in the body of the text to the opinions of other critics make for an awkward read. This information is set off from the main text and highlighted in red so that the reader can easily identify these personalized approaches. The author has included aluminium phosphide and pyrethroid poisonings in the appendix of the text in this edition. The book concludes with biographical comments, notes on the text, and indices of persons, places, and topics. Nevertheless, she lays out a clear design for the text and illustrations without losing much by the exclusion of an index. Synonyms words, wording 2.1 A script or libretto. 剧本；歌词 Example sentencesExamples Not everything should be forced to become clear-cut, if it is not so in the text. We've stuck to the text but radically re-staged certain scenes. Even with the aid of a glossary, a synopsis and a published text, I found large tracts of Marcia Layne's first play impenetrable. The text is deliberately sketchy, if not embryonic, and the rest is up to the director, designers, and, especially, actors to flesh out. Both performers do their best work when they have time to launch into the madder bits of the text. Nevertheless, the cast tackle the complexity of the text with energy and depth. Although Mark Dornford-May's production is played in 18th century costume, it takes a scythe to the text and cuts many of the more pointed lines. This is the only blemish in a breathtaking production that is based on a vividly theatrical response to the text. The text calls for a curtain to be drawn, revealing with fine theatricality the living Hermione posing as her statue. In the text, there are no named characters or any indication of how to assign the speeches. There are laughs to be had from the updated text, and Shakespeare's basic story is as entertaining as ever. Hoffman and Reilly squeeze all the legitimate, and many illegitimate, laughs out of the text. In the touring production of the show, performers read the text rather than act it out. In 1674 an updated version of Shakespeare's The Tempest had sung Masques inserted into the text. Another director might have been more ruthless with the text. However, the actors are able to sustain the trials of the text without losing momentum. But the power of his performance only underlines the two-dimensionality of the part as it lies in the text. Both mastered the text superbly and the emotions that ran between the two actors kept the audience on the edge of their seats. Falls has made minor adjustments in the text, but Mark Wendland's décor departs radically from Jo Mielziner's original. It is a sprawling work, confusing in the current production, and not entirely clarified even by perusal of the text. Synonyms transcript, script 3A written work chosen or assigned as a subject of study. （学习、研究上指定的）必读书本 the book is intended as a secondary text for religion courses Example sentencesExamples Staff had been notified in November 2002 by OCR that set texts would change by June 2004. I've just come back to my office with an armful of old novels and literary criticism texts. Mr Harris said he had joined Miss Atkinson's class, who were studying Billy Liar as one of their set texts, and he spoke once to answer his name when the register was called. All the class does is read aloud a text and everyone then discusses what it means to them. Yes, we took it in turns to suggest a text to discuss for the next meeting. Putting aside all those who must have been dragged there because Orwell's novel was one of their English set texts, that's still an impressive set of statistics. The presence of monuments will be studied in the literary texts, but also from the point of view of drama. With countless documentary materials and other texts, this show was a remarkable tour de force and represents a new perspective on the study of Surrealism. Although it appeared to be important for this student to share this information, it did not apply to any tangible aspect of the text or discussion. But critics point out that, as in Rio, the texts under discussion are vague and not legally binding. At home, they studied these texts in detail, and Judith subsequently translated some of them into rhythmic French prose. In both classrooms, student and teacher discussion surrounding literacy texts were very minimal. In the Australian study at least, the books are clearly the primary text with many people re-reading them in preparation for their film viewing. The programme includes prayer, Bible readings, teaching texts, testimonies, lively open question times, and presentation of the gospel. Last Stand at Mobile possesses many of the qualities of a fine teaching text. Two excellent texts guided the discussion of slave activities as ‘seen but unseen.’ They would be doing four complete set texts and a good handful of poems along with completing a four thousand five hundred word critical essay on three novels or a selective group of poems of their own choice. After examining and discussing texts, the children participated in an extension activity. There's a huge amount of work-a wider range of literary texts and poetry is studied. Being prompted to read a text for a class does not always mean that you will appreciate it the same as if you chose to read it. 3.1 A textbook. 教科书，课本 Example sentencesExamples They quickly became the best-selling school texts nationwide. Popular English grammar texts and workbooks for all skill levels can be purchased at their showroom or ordered through their catalog. Someone must have been there at 5am ready to buy all the coffee stained English texts. In their screenings of Ienaga's texts, the Textbook Authorisation Council exposed its conviction that the purpose of history education was to create patriotic citizens. In fifty years as a writer he has published over 30 educational texts, and seven novels. There is the sneaking suspicion that a text on writing may appear to be more useful than it actually is. The Bluejacket's Manual has been the primary text for teaching young Sailors ever since. Our history texts discuss these issues, which all have ethnic repercussions, in great detail. Most introductory texts use the term ‘refraction techniques’ to describe what is often thought of as controlled-source seismology. Deciding on goals rather than on texts is not value-free, but I would argue that it would be easier to reach agreement on the aims of a course than on a given text. It facilitated the collation and comparison of different manuscripts of a particular scientific text, which led to the correction of mistakes and the pooling of new ideas. Yet today, Smith is the author of Modern Optical Engineering, a fundamental text in optical design. I would not however, recommend it as a primary text for undergraduate students. Such texts largely talk at rather than with students. He has authored more than 100 publications in the cardiology literature and book chapters in medical texts. My new marketing texts for the new term have arrived. He then went on to write further texts on mathematical physics, completing one on elasticity. She got up, jabbing Savvy softly on the arm with her elbow, grabbed a bunch of hardcover texts from the professor's desk and started to give one to each person. Some like to learn from texts and workbooks; others are more kinesthetic and need to have their ‘hands on’ what they are doing. Tinto and Noel, Levitz, and Saluri have written comprehensive texts on the subject of retention. Synonyms textbook, book 3.2 A passage from the Bible or other religious work, especially when used as the subject of a sermon. （尤指引作布道主题的）圣经经文 Example sentencesExamples In any event, our difficult scriptural texts must be not passed on uncritically in sermons and religious education. So I decided to re-explore Judaism directly by reading texts and attending services at a Conservative synagogue. Bartlett's Good Friday sermon on a Johannine text demonstrates well how preaching may be shaped by a particular understanding of the good news. An antiphon usually refers to a syllabic setting of a brief Scriptural text sung before and after a psalm or canticle. Much of our ceremony and law systems stem from Roman Catholic bible texts. And, of course you'll continue to find sermons on the lectionary texts written by experienced preachers. It is more or less a given, by convention if not by conviction, that one must have a biblical text for a sermon. First, if one studies Charles' hymns, one is struck by the fact that most of their phraseology comes from Scripture or from allusions to Bible texts. The role of music in the reading of religious texts is that of enhancing the meaning through clarification. His art dealt with Christian themes either in the form of religious subjects of the 1940s, or in texts taken from the Bible. No one asks for copies of the prayer texts or the sermon, though many people comment on the energy and freshness of the service. The first is that all the readings of texts and the sermons have been provided by biblical specialists, attempting to read theologically. The canonical texts in the Bible reflect this ongoing conversation within the ancient Hebrew community and the early church. It brings much delight and refreshment to a congregation in the Prayer Meeting to hear one or two unfamiliar texts of the Bible quoted. The pastor prays, leads the congregation in song, opens the Bible, reads the text. After the video we would sit and talk about the evenings topic, and debate with each other the interpretation we each put into a text from the bible, or long held theories which we had doubts about. Our reading from Romans 8 contains gospel grist for any number of sermons and is a text to which we pastors resort often in times of loss and perplexity. When it comes to a religious text, the translator could have some pre-conceived ideas which make him interpret certain texts in a certain way, but this could be mistaken. A variety of speakers brought a variety of sermons on numerous texts, the result of which was occasional blessing but no regular consistent instruction. There are many texts of the Bible that support this, only by looking at these, and asking for God's spirit to help us can we prove these to ourselves. Synonyms passage, extract, quotation, verse, line 3.3 A subject or theme for a discussion or exposition. （讨论等的）题目，主题 he took as his text the fact that Australia is paradise 他把澳大利亚是个天堂这个事实作为自己讨论的主题。 Example sentencesExamples Is there a particular scene that you could use as a text for such a discussion? Each column begins with a true-life case study, and each is followed by a list of sources that can serve as basic texts for discussion. In the text of the discussion, we find the following exchange. He is concerned with selected, representative texts and themes. Synonyms theme, subject, topic, issue, point, motif 4A text message. 文本信息 Example sentencesExamples If yes, stop immediately - no calls, emails, texts, no asking friends how she is doing. The new system lets you send texts to any cellphone in Britain for 12p, and it receives messages free. The product manages phone calls, webcam, emails, texts and instant messaging in one place on a PC, with multi-way video calls expected to be added in 2005. The combo package integrates a webcam, instant messaging, texts and e-mails in one free package. So I find out about my landline, through a text on my mobile. He has not been heard from since and has not returned any calls or texts to his mobile phone, she said. Still hopeful, he returns to Leicester and sits in a cold sweat, watching the screen of his mobile phone until the text drops just after 10. Any mobile phone can receive texts and it keeps you in close touch with your money. Anecdotally, mobile phone calls and texts have increased. Rumours came in on the limited mobile phone texts and on the one battery radio about earthquakes somewhere nearby, but no clue as to the enormity of the whole thing. You haven't replied any of my emails, texts, voicemails or anything. Once the calls, texts and emails start coming in I know I could be discussing almost any subject under the sun! I'd just switched off the tape recorder and switched on the mobile phone when a text popped up to say that the deal had finally been done. I am unconcerned about the interweb, and the occasional text seems just fine… but here I am less than an hour since I got home, online. 5Fine, large handwriting, used especially for manuscripts. （尤指用于手稿的）粗体正楷 verbteksttɛkst [with object] Send a text message to. 文本信息 I thought it was fantastic that he took the trouble to text me stricter regulations against texting while driving Example sentencesExamples They were in the queue texting their kids about the tickets, said John. Amanda had texted him first, with a silly little random message, an in-joke between them. When I went into school next morning Amie was texting someone and when she saw me she put her phone away quickly. Kate, who had already been awake and texting Dan like crazy, erupted into a fit of giggles. To be honest the only reason I knew it was my birthday was because my sister texted me. He started texting her and they talked on the telephone for about a month. We can live without their annoying ring tones, but we can't live without texting our friends. Teenager Hina Khan likes loud music, chatting in class, watching TV and texting her school pals. Princess has taken to texting me when she's free for dinner and includes her preferred restaurants. En route, TinTin texted me to say that she was feeling poorly and wouldn't be able to make it out Saturday night. She was busy texting someone throughout the game and so wasn't paying attention. It is a sophisticated mobile phone pager which texts the owner if the car alarm is triggered, the battery is disconnected or an unauthorised attempt is made to start the engine. He was texting a friend when one of the youths asked him if he had 10 pence. My ex-boyfriend wouldn't even answer his phone and he never texted me back. I've been in meetings since then so I'm just texting someone to try to find out. She had texted him to meet her at the balcony where they usually meet. ‘I texted him when I had finished and he rang me to congratulate me,’ Tom said. We would have been there sooner though if my Mum hadn't insisted on texting me en route to ask where we were. Adrian texted me while I was still outside my house, asking me if I told anyone yet. I texted my girlfriend to let her know how brave I was being. Origin Late Middle English: from Old Northern French texte, from Latin textus ‘tissue, literary style’ (in medieval Latin, ‘Gospel’), from text- ‘woven’, from the verb texere.
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