Definition of stack in English:

stack

noun stakstæk

1A pile of objects, typically one that is neatly arranged.
（整齐的）一堆
a stack of boxes
一堆盒子。
Example sentencesExamples
- Sheriff Vasey was sat at his desk, lines of worry incised into his face as he tried to ignore the storm and concentrate on the stack of paperwork piled up in front of him.
- I got out my small stack of exams from my summer class and, looking up once in a while to watch the people pass by, I graded question 1.
- Most amazing of all, there was a stack of gifts piled on the chair in the corner.
- At other times, her mother lay in bed for days, not bothering to get dressed, reading from a stack of books piled on her bedside table.
- ‘Come in,’ she called absently, slaving over a stack of papers neatly arranged on her desk.
- ‘These should be your size,’ she handed him a stack of neatly folded clothes.
- He grabbed a nearby stack of bandages and piled on one after the other until he felt there was enough to soak up the blood.
- Emanuelle frowned as she traced her fingers down the stack of folders neatly piled inside.
- Deia's stepmom emerged underneath the staircase with a stack of neatly folded clothes and shot Vaius a look of dislike and poisonous curiosity.
- Neither the pile of work related e-mails in my inbox nor the stack of paperwork on my desk can put a dent in my enthusiasm.
- Her bed had a whole stack of clothing piled up and it was getting higher.
- It was then that her hand slid across what sounded like a stack of neatly clumped paper.
- She opened her mouth to say something, but Valora Adora bustled back into the room with a small stack of neatly folded colorful clothing.
- The man heaved as he piled the stack of six books onto Roy's already dusty lap.
- She greeted her brother, as he finally walked over to the car, a stack of books piled up to his chin.
- Do you have a stack of books piled beside your bed that you really are going to read?
- I climbed up a stack of old crates arranged haphazardly behind the warehouse.
- Vincent moved silently into a deep shadow on the other side of the room, going behind a stack of crates piled in the middle of the floor.
- Groaning and pushing myself up, I shuffled over to my bathroom, almost tripping on a stack of books piled near my bathroom door.
- A stack of kindling was piled on the floor nearby and he tossed some in, quickly lighting a fire.
Synonyms
heap, pile, mound, mountain, pyramid, mass, store, stockpile, hoard, load, tower, drift, clamp, hack
North American cold deck
Scottish, Irish, &amp Northern English rickle
Scottish bing
1. 1.1a stack of/stacks ofinformal A large quantity of something.
  〈非正式〉大量，许多
  there's stacks of work for me now
  我现在有很多工作要做。
  Example sentencesExamples
  There will be some people who have stacks of confidence and some who have none.
  The next type of beggars were some people walking around with stacks of CDs in their hands on the Walk of Fame.
  Stalin closed the show for the three nights and sang four of his classics from his stack of hits.
  Plus, loggers get to eat stacks of pancakes every day.
  It seems that absence does make the heart grow fonder for on our return, what do we find but stacks of great emails from you.
  I still have plenty to do, and a stack of emails that are waiting for replies, but they will have to wait until later in the week.
  Before it, a desk with stacks of waiting paperwork held vigil, its dark wood surface holding old ink stains.
  There are stacks of people who have e-mailed me or commented over the last year or so who I would love to meet in the flesh.
  Yet a growing stack of academic research this year suggests that playing Doom or Half-Life can sharpen your physical reactions and improve your social life.
  The first track opens with what might be a guitar solo filtered through massive stacks of electronics as insect-like squeals pour out of the speakers.
  Kearsley and Horwich piled up a stack of runs in an entertaining draw.
  Synonyms
  a great deal, a lot, a great/large amount, a large quantity, quantities, plenty, abundance, superabundance, plethora, cornucopia, a wealth, profusion, a mountain, reams
  informal lots, load, loads, heap, heaps, mass, masses, pile, piles, ocean, oceans, oodles, ton, tons
  British informal lashings, shedload
  North American informal slew, gobs, scads
  Australian/New Zealand informal swag
  vulgar slang shitload
  North American vulgar slang assload
2. 1.2 A rectangular or cylindrical pile of hay or straw or of grain in sheaf.
  （干草、稻草或谷物的）堆，垛
  Example sentencesExamples
  Our only pickup truck was used to operate the overshot stacker that piled the hay into stacks.
  We used to build stacks mainly in the stackyard by the farm buildings but occasionally we built some in the field.
  I finished with the dirty hay and began piling clean hay from a stack on the far wall, leaving the wheelbarrow for another time.
  From another hole came the straw that was again piled into a stack.
  Synonyms
  haystack, rick, hayrick, stook, mow, haymow, barleymow
  rare ruck, shock, cock
3. 1.3 A vertical arrangement of hi-fi or guitar amplification equipment.
  竖着置放的高保真音响（或吉他扩音）设备
  Example sentencesExamples
  The hearing of both Ozzy Osbourne and The Who guitarist Peter Townshend was damaged by prolonged exposure to the high wattage blare from stacks of amplifiers.
  The drums were coming through this huge amplifier stack and it was louder than onstage.
  Top-end CPUs do note readily make for a slimline, quiet-running unit to sit within a hi-fi stack.
  A new venue meant yet another sound-check to make sure that the reassembled stacks of amplifiers and speakers had been matched to the concert hall's acoustics.
4. 1.4 A number of aircraft flying in circles at different altitudes around the same point while waiting for permission to land at an airport.
  定高分层盘旋（等待降落）的机群
  Example sentencesExamples
  We lost our situational awareness of the other aircraft in the overhead stack.
  The 10 aircraft made an impressive sight as they hovered in a stack above HMAS Albatross.
  Beaten-up airplanes will always be at the bottom of the stack.
  Being in the dominant position, on top of the stack in the start circle, is a strong tactical advantage.
  They thought the stacks of green aircraft belonged to Army fliers.
5. 1.5 A pyramidal group of rifles.
  （数支步枪支起的锥形）枪架
  Example sentencesExamples
  I recall M/Sgt Widner, a high school ROTC instructor, demonstrating that this arrangement, when properly done on a grass parade field, was strong enough that a soldier could stand (one legged) on the stack.
  Coronach if you get 9 more rifles you could set up a table in your living room where each leg is a rifle stack.
  This won't be as sturdy as a stack made by three M1s or three '03s.
6. 1.6the stacks Units of shelving in part of a library normally closed to the public, used to store books compactly.
  （图书馆的）藏书架，双面书架
  the demand for items from the stacks
  as modifier the new premises provided a reading room and a stack room
  Example sentencesExamples
  Sneak the book back into the stacks and tell them they screwed up because you returned it long ago, or else hold onto it until the next amnesty period.
  They're the smell of yellowed book pages in the stacks of an abandoned library.
  The librarian sped away along the stacks of books.
  Nearly every day I'm at the library, searching the stacks.
  People will want to live in a coffee shop, talking to people about books, not in the stacks at the library or the warehouse at Amazon.
  Neither outside nor inside the library did I see any sign of where one might deposit one's weapon before browsing in the stacks or settling into the periodicals room.
  For today much, perhaps most, of a student's search for information has moved out of the stacks and into dorm rooms and studies, via the Internet.
  Perhaps it took that long to declare the book lost from the stacks of the Geneva Public Library District.
  This is the version that will go into print and be found in the stacks at the library.
  Some of them were friendly and even allowed the use of dollies to transport the books from the stacks to the check-out desk.
  Books will be fetched by Library staff from the stacks downstairs, where the collection will be housed in suitable conditions of security, temperature and humidity.
  I used to go to UCSD's Central Library and browse the stacks, especially the economics section.
7. 1.7Computing A set of storage locations which store data in such a way that the most recently stored item is the first to be retrieved.
  〔计算机〕（存储）栈
  Example sentencesExamples
  The search engines are virtual librarians who take your order and retrieve documents from the stacks in less time than it takes your browser to load the next page.
  By implementing VI, applications can communicate with each other directly, bypassing the operating system and protocol stacks.
  Execshield also randomizes the memory address of a program stack to make it harder for malicious code to know where to gain entry into the program.
  The gateway holds the hardware interfaces and software protocol stacks to get all the various technologies talking nicely to one another.
  Within the protocol stack, SSL / TLS is situated underneath the application layer.
2A chimney, especially one on a factory, or a vertical exhaust pipe on a vehicle.
（尤指工厂的）烟囱；（车辆的）立式烟道，排气管
Example sentencesExamples
- In addition, windows surrounding the cab increase visibility, and exhaust stacks are in line with the cab post, lending to a quieter engine.
- For night flying, engineers added special flame-suppressing exhaust stacks to it to prevent night blindness in crew members.
- Because the fare burns quickly at a high temperature, it also burns cleanly, with virtually no emissions up the stack.
- We would now suggest it is best if we totally by-pass the existing outlets and connect our own outlets directly into the pipe stacks.
- The atrium lobby acts as a stack, with horizontal vents at floor and ceiling.
- Between the stack and the vertical wall there are many large holes or caves full of groupers.
- Of course the plating process is not the only finishing process these truck exhaust stacks go through.
- The noise from the multiple exhaust stacks is spectacular and very satisfying.
- Also effective was a tall stack exhaust port which expels the fumes above the boat where they can more quickly dissipate in the air.
- Cameron hesitated as he took in the roof, his vision blocked by other staircase entries, chimneys and vent stacks.
- Police can drown the engine of a bigger ship by firing a water cannon into its exhaust stacks.
- He hides on his roof behind a stack of chimneys until the people finally disperse.
- One exhaust stack will be virtually right next door to the Gabba.
- She blew a series of smoke rings out, because she knew that it amused me, stretching her head into the air like her neck was a stack and her lips the chimney rim.
- My brother and I were flying one day when the engine suddenly lost 60 percent of its power and heavy black smoke started pouring from the exhaust stacks.
- On we drove past the CJ Rance timber mill where life stood still on this holiday long weekend, save for blue smoke seeping from wood-curing stacks.
- Unfortunately, toxic metals escape out the incinerator's smoke stack into the atmosphere.
- Exhaust stacks and courtyards increase access to air movement and daylight.
- A downdraft over the stack is causing the sewer gas to be more noticeable.
- There is no release of gases into the atmosphere except through the exhaust stack.
Synonyms
chimney, factory chimney, chimney stack, smokestack, funnel, exhaust pipe
1. 2.1British A column of rock standing in the sea, remaining after erosion of cliffs.
  〈英〉（浪蚀）岩柱
  Example sentencesExamples
  The sandstone cliff ledges and stacks provide suitable nesting and roosting areas for some species, while three of the four main islands in the area are ideal breeding grounds for large gulls.
  The Old Man of Stoer comes into view shortly after this, and you follow the cliff edge round to the right and then down steeply to look over the sea stack.
  Looking south you see the 220 ft sea stack, sentinel of the beach, Am Buachaille - the herdsman - which was first climbed in 1967.
  The climb to the top of the 450 ft sea stack was to raise money and awareness of the plight facing patients with kidney problems.
  The climbing partner of a man who fell to his death in Orkney last week has told The Orcadian how a last-minute decision to tackle a 12-metre stack ended in tragedy.
  The other arch stands close by - a Cyclopean gateway through a tall and slim sea stack.
  This remote corner of Washington's Olympic Peninsula is upholstered with deep forests of cedar, spruce and fir looking over rock cliffs, sea stacks and wave-carved caves to the open Pacific Ocean.
  He, along with Graeme Nicol and the lyric mountain churl Tom Patey (who died in 1970 falling off a sea stack called The Maiden), did the first ascent of Ben Nevis's Zero Gully, then one of the hardest ice climbs in the world, in 1957.
  A team of scientists investigating ruins atop a remote sea stack in the Western Isles this summer have been using a Troylean sling to get to the remains of a medieval castle.
  I finished my pint in the ship's bar and went to the starboard viewing rail to watch the sunlight reflecting off that famous sea stack, the Old Man Of Hoy.
  The sea stack of Am Buachaille stands to the south end of the bay although it is best viewed from the middle or the northern end.
  Additional features include a private island - a small sea stack known locally as The Stag - and a 24 square metre self-contained Swiss chalet in the back garden, which features two bedrooms, a living area with kitchenette and a shower room.
  Synonyms
  pillar, column
  tor, dome, plug, stalagmite
  French puy
3British A measure for a pile of wood of 108 cu. ft (3.06 cubic metres).
〈英〉垛，堆（木材计量单位，等于108立方英尺，即3.06立方米）
Example sentencesExamples
- The actual wood contained in a 4' x 4' x 8' stack is approximately 90 cubic feet.
- Pulpwood and firewood are usually measured by the cord, which is a stack of roundwood 4' x 4' x 8'.

verb stakstæk

[with object]

1Arrange (a number of things) in a pile, typically a neat one.
把…（整齐地）叠成堆
the books had been stacked up in three piles
那些书已经被整整齐齐地叠成几堆。
she stood up, beginning to stack the plates
她站起来开始把盘子叠在一起。
Example sentencesExamples
- As the men progress to the next tree, a woman gathers up the curved strips of cork and stacks them into a pile.
- While I rinse plates and stack them in the dishwasher, I decide to call Renee to see what she thinks.
- More money than even I had seen in my lifetime was stacked in piles around the linoleum floor.
- A series of photograph of two toddlers earnestly stacking a pile of blocks only to knock them back down will be accompanied by this dialogue.
- The banker can stack the appropriate number of chips on top of the puck to indicate how many consecutive wins he has.
- Spread the manure thinly outdoors so that fly eggs and larvae can be killed by drying, or stack the manure and cover with black plastic.
- Here and there on the curb, other entrepreneurs hack shoe soles out of used tires and stack the soles in neat bundles for resale.
- She picked up the dishcloth and started to wipe the plates, stacking them in neat piles of 5.
- Inside, the chairs are stacked in three neat piles on the porch.
- Ian wandered back into the cave and began sorting what was left into packsack-sized piles, stacking them by the mouth of the cave.
- Karl finally had five neat piles of photos stacked.
- Leafy veggies which are not sold are stacked into vegetating piles which emanate a stink and consequently create health hazards for denizens.
- A desk spanned the width of the room, and there were files folders and CDs stacked in neat piles on the desk, and a computer built into it.
- The books that couldn't fit on the shelves were stacked in neat piles nearby.
- I'd stack hatboxes covered in floral-print paper in a corner.
- We sat at the big table and watched my mum count the coins, stacking it all into neat piles by denomination.
- The wise magician then ordered the young prince to spend the day lugging and stacking a pile of huge logs, menial labor unbefitting royalty.
- High ceilings provide the clear height to stack a large number of equipment racks and to accommodate overhead services.
- The Baron was in the Great Hall, counting coins and stacking them in piles.
- During the day these pillows are stacked in a pile and the room is converted into a place for sitting and eating.
Synonyms
heap (up), pile (up), make a heap/pile/stack of
assemble, put together, collect, hoard, store, stockpile
1. 1.1 Fill or cover (a place or surface) with stacks of things.
  把东西（整齐地）堆放于
  he spent most of the time stacking shelves
  他花了大部分的时间把东西叠放在架子上。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The only table that can fit into the tight living room is stacked with books and papers.
  My bravado from earlier dwindled as he nodded, smiled again, and continued stacking the shelves.
  Cabinets around the room were stacked with china dishes.
  If you want a knot garden in your own space, stack the central spaces in the middle of your evergreen outline now with as many herbaceous perennials as you can.
  Then one day while I was stacking the shelves, I collapsed.
  A great shelf which covered that whole wall was stacked with age old books!
  Every surface is stacked with knick-knacks; every chair piled with quilts.
  As it turns out the ‘poor old man’ picks up the internal trolley used for stacking the shelves and tries to claim the missing £1.
  Her shelves are stacked with cookbooks and clippings, her drawers filled with gadgets and graters.
  His lack of selectivity only stacks the shelves higher.
  The bath is stacked with bottles of shampoo, conditioners and various beauty-enhancing lotions and potions.
  Some of the storage areas are stacked with hundreds of baskets that were soaked in poison years ago because at the time it was the only way to protect them from bug infestation.
  The place was stacked with empty boxes and cages to carry them around.
  And, very definitely, I love to let my eyes swerve over those endless rows of covers stacked upon shelves.
  This time he stood with his back to them continuing to stack the shelves with more force than necessary.
  Most people would just shrug and go get a job stacking shelves in Tescos.
  Every housewife stacking her shelves should be proud to have her tins of beans stamped with a such a badge of high distinction.
  Journal pages have to be filled, and library shelves have to be stacked with books.
  When I was 15, I got a job stacking shelves in Dunnes Stores.
  Compared to Watkins, Atlantis is a bit grubby and poorly lit and the place is stacked with arcane junk.
  Synonyms
  load, fill (up), lade, pack, charge, stuff, cram
  stock
2. 1.2 Cause (an aircraft) to fly in circles while waiting for permission to land at an airport.
  定高分层盘旋（等待降落）的机群
  I hope we aren't stacked for hours over Kennedy
  我希望我们不要在肯尼迪机场上空作长时间的定高分层盘旋。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Lines had to be shared with people dialling up, ringing off and basically stacking like planes outside Heathrow airport.
  And you can see that the controllers are just stacking them up all along the East Coast here and then sending them around.
  The claimant soon became aware of the noise from aircraft stacking over Mayfield.
2Shuffle or arrange (a pack of cards) dishonestly so as to gain an unfair advantage.
（洗牌）作弊，作（牌）
I know the cards are stacked
figurative Texas's capital punishment law stacks the deck in favour of death over prison
Example sentencesExamples
- But another source said the cards were not all stacked in Regent's favour, as it needed to close a deal in order to strengthen its pubs portfolio beyond Walkabout bars.
- I believed that Meg and Sarah were in real danger at the beginning; by the second half of the movie, I felt that the cards were stacked so unfavorably against the robbers so as to negate the danger.
- The winemaker is constantly battling to create a bottle of wine that, from the outset, has the deck stacked against it.
- At three-quarter time the Eagles were still down 8.9 to 12.4, and the cards still seemed stacked Westies' way.
- The question brings me back to an issue that I promised to address: the possibility that Mitch was stacking the cards a bit when he didn't clarify how his teacher/hero needed to be needed.
- She felt like the cards where stacked against her.
- I watch it played on TV all the time, I know when cards were stacked.
- But then again, the deck is completely stacked against him.
- You might think that lawyers acting in a Family Court dispute up against a self-represented litigant might be pleased, after all the cards are stacked in their favour.
- When he and his team took office on May 20 last year, the cards were already stacked against them.
- Your focus on ‘yields’ of individual commodities, rather than total output, unfairly stacks the deck by ignoring a large measure of what smaller farms produce.
- Or are the cards always stacked in favour of one group?
- When Bernie falls in love, the chips in his life begin to fall into place, just as cards begin to get stacked against Shelly and his old-school values.
- But Bremer starts with the cards seemingly stacked against him.
- Fate was definitely stacking the cards against me.
- The cards are stacked against detainees in other ways too.
- Yes, some people are born with the deck stacked against them.
- On the face of it, the cards seem stacked against him.
- The quarterbacks get paid the most money because they must rally the troops in the game's critical moments when the cards are stacked against them.
- Life is just too hard, impossible even, and the cards have been totally stacked against me for years.
1. 2.1be stacked against/in favour of Used to refer to a situation which is such that an unfavourable or a favourable outcome is overwhelmingly likely.
  （情况）极可能不利于（有利于）
  the odds were stacked against Fiji in the World Cup
  斐济在世界杯上胜算不大。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Add in that he was out of action for a couple of months earlier this year with a knee injury and it's clear the odds were stacked against a comeback.
  Frye's turnout surprised San Diego voters partly because, from a practical standpoint, the odds were stacked against her.
  Little Maisy and Ruby Jolly have been dubbed the ‘Miracle Twins’ after the odds were stacked against their survival.
  The visitors were short their best two players so the odds were stacked against them before the ball was thrown in.
  Wolff Reik, cloning expert at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, said even if the woman became pregnant the odds were stacked against the baby.
  The odds were stacked against them but there was no lack of self-belief from the Tigers, who subjected the Wakefield line to an onslaught.
  While the odds were stacked against them, the trio were able to establish contact with Wellington-based Maritime Radio which relayed their plight to Bay of Plenty Coastguard.
  When you consider how the odds were stacked against us it was a fantastic display and result.
  Despite all the odds being stacked against them, Mandi and David are determined to be together.
  The odds were stacked against the 17-year-old Toowoomba student from the start, but he triumphed anyway.
3no object (in snowboarding) fall over.
（滑雪板运动用语）跌倒，倒下
Example sentencesExamples
- Then on his very first session on a his brand-new recently arrived real deal snowboard, he stacked it and broke both legs just below the knee, ouch.
- The group I ride with all got a shock last year when our friend stacked it, came down on his head and spent the next 6 months in hospital.

Phrasal Verbs

stack up

1Form or cause to form a large quantity; build up.
（使）积成堆；堆起，叠起
cars stack up behind every bus
Example sentencesExamples
- Most of these devices have large amounts of system memory, so multiple tasks can be stacked up at once, and their big hard disks (usually around the 20GB mark) make storing contact information a simple business.
- It's not even the rainy season - or what we used to qualify as the rainy season, as if we knew anything about it in the first place - but the storms are stacked up out over the Pacific like pool balls on a billiard table and not a pocket in sight.
- When projects fall behind schedule, it seems to be because these particular employees are stacked up with work and can't adhere to the project schedule.
- Straight away, after a cup of tea and an initial unpacking operation, stacking the washer up with a week's linen, he was off out to cut the grass.
- So I guess it counts for something then; it may not help stack the funds up in the bank account but at least the pressure can come off.
- In times of extreme deadline crisis, when deadlines are stacked up all around the office like unexploded ordinance, lack of attention to personal hygiene is a professional survival mechanism.
- Almost 1,000 people reported symptoms, and although no one died, every one of the 125 beds in the town's only hospital was filled, and patients were stacked up in the corridors.
2Measure up; compare.
〈北美，非正式〉比得上；相比
our rural schools stack up well against their urban counterparts
我们的乡村学校完全可以比得上城里的同类学校。
Example sentencesExamples
- I wonder how other state champs would stack up if measured the same way!
- And how do they stack up compared to the rest of us on health care expenditures?
- It allows schools to receive comparison and external reviews to see how the institutions stack up, Blood says.
- How does your pay stack up… when compared to other facility professionals?
- Find out how your income stacks up compared to the rest of the world.
- How does the Federal Reserve System stack up in comparison with other central banks?
- Wade is only one season into his tour of duty, but he is stacking up well in comparison to his predecessors.
- If funding is how the relative merits of departments and faculties were judged, then the humanities and social sciences stacked up poorly indeed compared to the practical disciplines.
- And some say our nightlife doesn't stack up when compared to Leeds.
- A look at how 1995 compares with other seasons shows how it stacks up against 1933 and other busy years.
1. 2.1usually with negativeMake sense.
  to blame the debacle on the antics of a rogue trader is not credible—it doesn't stack up
  把失败归咎于无赖商人愚蠢操作是不可信的，这与事实不符。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Sorry but what you said just doesn't stack up with the odds.
  Any way you look at it, the statement just doesn't stack up.

Derivatives

stackable

adjective

The size of the container depends on the storage space available, but could be stackable plastic containers, cardboard boxes or archive boxes, which have the advantage of a lid.
Example sentencesExamples
- On the other hand, stackable conference chairs are a great idea, as they don't take up space when they're not being used, and are handy for when you have meetings in your office.
- While serving in the Aleutian Islands, he became fascinated with the lightweight, stackable, easy-to-assemble huts.
- The cells are stackable flat plates, each one producing about one volt, the size of the stack determining the power output.
- A rugged Lexan outer case protects against scratches and high temperatures, can be used either horizontally or vertically, has rubber feet on all sides and is stackable.

stacker

noun ˈstakəˈstækər

Milk products are packaged 16 quarts or four gallons to a case and automatic stackers stack them six high.
Example sentencesExamples
- The company said managerial cost-cutting in the stores would be re-invested in roles such as checkout operators and shelf stackers which directly affect customers.
- At present our Frontline Training Framework covers all roles, from shelf stackers through to store managers.
- A hospital porter, a call centre operator, supermarket shelf stackers and a factory worker, they meet regularly in an all night cafe to kill time.
- Nolan said that in his view shelf stackers and van drivers were the iconic jobs of today.

Origin

Middle English: from Old Norse stakkr 'haystack', of Germanic origin.

Rhymes

aback, alack, attack, back, black, brack, clack, claque, crack, Dirac, drack, flack, flak, hack, jack, Kazakh, knack, lack, lakh, mac, mach, Nagorno-Karabakh, pack, pitchblack, plaque, quack, rack, sac, sack, shack, shellac, slack, smack, snack, tach, tack, thwack, track, vac, wack, whack, wrack, yak, Zack

Definition of stack in US English:

stack

nounstækstak

1A pile of objects, typically one that is neatly arranged.
（整齐的）一堆
a stack of boxes
一堆盒子。
Example sentencesExamples
- ‘Come in,’ she called absently, slaving over a stack of papers neatly arranged on her desk.
- Emanuelle frowned as she traced her fingers down the stack of folders neatly piled inside.
- Most amazing of all, there was a stack of gifts piled on the chair in the corner.
- A stack of kindling was piled on the floor nearby and he tossed some in, quickly lighting a fire.
- Deia's stepmom emerged underneath the staircase with a stack of neatly folded clothes and shot Vaius a look of dislike and poisonous curiosity.
- Vincent moved silently into a deep shadow on the other side of the room, going behind a stack of crates piled in the middle of the floor.
- Sheriff Vasey was sat at his desk, lines of worry incised into his face as he tried to ignore the storm and concentrate on the stack of paperwork piled up in front of him.
- I climbed up a stack of old crates arranged haphazardly behind the warehouse.
- Her bed had a whole stack of clothing piled up and it was getting higher.
- She greeted her brother, as he finally walked over to the car, a stack of books piled up to his chin.
- The man heaved as he piled the stack of six books onto Roy's already dusty lap.
- At other times, her mother lay in bed for days, not bothering to get dressed, reading from a stack of books piled on her bedside table.
- He grabbed a nearby stack of bandages and piled on one after the other until he felt there was enough to soak up the blood.
- Groaning and pushing myself up, I shuffled over to my bathroom, almost tripping on a stack of books piled near my bathroom door.
- Do you have a stack of books piled beside your bed that you really are going to read?
- It was then that her hand slid across what sounded like a stack of neatly clumped paper.
- ‘These should be your size,’ she handed him a stack of neatly folded clothes.
- She opened her mouth to say something, but Valora Adora bustled back into the room with a small stack of neatly folded colorful clothing.
- I got out my small stack of exams from my summer class and, looking up once in a while to watch the people pass by, I graded question 1.
- Neither the pile of work related e-mails in my inbox nor the stack of paperwork on my desk can put a dent in my enthusiasm.
Synonyms
heap, pile, mound, mountain, pyramid, mass, store, stockpile, hoard, load, tower, drift, clamp, hack
1. 1.1a stack of/stacks ofinformal A large quantity of something.
  〈非正式〉大量，许多
  there's stacks of work for me now
  我现在有很多工作要做。
  Example sentencesExamples
  I still have plenty to do, and a stack of emails that are waiting for replies, but they will have to wait until later in the week.
  Stalin closed the show for the three nights and sang four of his classics from his stack of hits.
  The next type of beggars were some people walking around with stacks of CDs in their hands on the Walk of Fame.
  It seems that absence does make the heart grow fonder for on our return, what do we find but stacks of great emails from you.
  There will be some people who have stacks of confidence and some who have none.
  Plus, loggers get to eat stacks of pancakes every day.
  Before it, a desk with stacks of waiting paperwork held vigil, its dark wood surface holding old ink stains.
  There are stacks of people who have e-mailed me or commented over the last year or so who I would love to meet in the flesh.
  Kearsley and Horwich piled up a stack of runs in an entertaining draw.
  Yet a growing stack of academic research this year suggests that playing Doom or Half-Life can sharpen your physical reactions and improve your social life.
  The first track opens with what might be a guitar solo filtered through massive stacks of electronics as insect-like squeals pour out of the speakers.
  Synonyms
  a great deal, a lot, a great amount, a large amount, a large quantity, quantities, plenty, abundance, superabundance, plethora, cornucopia, a wealth, profusion, a mountain, reams
2. 1.2 A rectangular or cylindrical pile of hay or straw or of grain in sheaf.
  （干草、稻草或谷物的）堆，垛
  Example sentencesExamples
  We used to build stacks mainly in the stackyard by the farm buildings but occasionally we built some in the field.
  Our only pickup truck was used to operate the overshot stacker that piled the hay into stacks.
  I finished with the dirty hay and began piling clean hay from a stack on the far wall, leaving the wheelbarrow for another time.
  From another hole came the straw that was again piled into a stack.
  Synonyms
  haystack, rick, hayrick, stook, mow, haymow, barleymow
3. 1.3 A vertical arrangement of stereo or guitar amplification equipment.
  竖着置放的高保真音响（或吉他扩音）设备
  Example sentencesExamples
  A new venue meant yet another sound-check to make sure that the reassembled stacks of amplifiers and speakers had been matched to the concert hall's acoustics.
  Top-end CPUs do note readily make for a slimline, quiet-running unit to sit within a hi-fi stack.
  The drums were coming through this huge amplifier stack and it was louder than onstage.
  The hearing of both Ozzy Osbourne and The Who guitarist Peter Townshend was damaged by prolonged exposure to the high wattage blare from stacks of amplifiers.
4. 1.4 A number of aircraft flying in circles at different altitudes around the same point while waiting for permission to land at an airport.
  定高分层盘旋（等待降落）的机群
  Example sentencesExamples
  We lost our situational awareness of the other aircraft in the overhead stack.
  The 10 aircraft made an impressive sight as they hovered in a stack above HMAS Albatross.
  They thought the stacks of green aircraft belonged to Army fliers.
  Being in the dominant position, on top of the stack in the start circle, is a strong tactical advantage.
  Beaten-up airplanes will always be at the bottom of the stack.
5. 1.5 A pyramidal group of rifles.
  （数支步枪支起的锥形）枪架
  Example sentencesExamples
  I recall M/Sgt Widner, a high school ROTC instructor, demonstrating that this arrangement, when properly done on a grass parade field, was strong enough that a soldier could stand (one legged) on the stack.
  This won't be as sturdy as a stack made by three M1s or three '03s.
  Coronach if you get 9 more rifles you could set up a table in your living room where each leg is a rifle stack.
6. 1.6the stacks Units of shelving in part of a library, used to store books compactly.
  （图书馆的）藏书架，双面书架
  Example sentencesExamples
  For today much, perhaps most, of a student's search for information has moved out of the stacks and into dorm rooms and studies, via the Internet.
  I used to go to UCSD's Central Library and browse the stacks, especially the economics section.
  People will want to live in a coffee shop, talking to people about books, not in the stacks at the library or the warehouse at Amazon.
  Sneak the book back into the stacks and tell them they screwed up because you returned it long ago, or else hold onto it until the next amnesty period.
  Neither outside nor inside the library did I see any sign of where one might deposit one's weapon before browsing in the stacks or settling into the periodicals room.
  Perhaps it took that long to declare the book lost from the stacks of the Geneva Public Library District.
  Nearly every day I'm at the library, searching the stacks.
  Books will be fetched by Library staff from the stacks downstairs, where the collection will be housed in suitable conditions of security, temperature and humidity.
  The librarian sped away along the stacks of books.
  This is the version that will go into print and be found in the stacks at the library.
  They're the smell of yellowed book pages in the stacks of an abandoned library.
  Some of them were friendly and even allowed the use of dollies to transport the books from the stacks to the check-out desk.
7. 1.7Computing A set of storage locations which store data in such a way that the most recently stored item is the first to be retrieved.
  〔计算机〕（存储）栈
  Example sentencesExamples
  By implementing VI, applications can communicate with each other directly, bypassing the operating system and protocol stacks.
  The gateway holds the hardware interfaces and software protocol stacks to get all the various technologies talking nicely to one another.
  Execshield also randomizes the memory address of a program stack to make it harder for malicious code to know where to gain entry into the program.
  Within the protocol stack, SSL / TLS is situated underneath the application layer.
  The search engines are virtual librarians who take your order and retrieve documents from the stacks in less time than it takes your browser to load the next page.
2A chimney, especially one on a factory, or a vertical exhaust pipe on a vehicle.
（尤指工厂的）烟囱；（车辆的）立式烟道，排气管
Example sentencesExamples
- One exhaust stack will be virtually right next door to the Gabba.
- A downdraft over the stack is causing the sewer gas to be more noticeable.
- Police can drown the engine of a bigger ship by firing a water cannon into its exhaust stacks.
- She blew a series of smoke rings out, because she knew that it amused me, stretching her head into the air like her neck was a stack and her lips the chimney rim.
- There is no release of gases into the atmosphere except through the exhaust stack.
- Between the stack and the vertical wall there are many large holes or caves full of groupers.
- My brother and I were flying one day when the engine suddenly lost 60 percent of its power and heavy black smoke started pouring from the exhaust stacks.
- Also effective was a tall stack exhaust port which expels the fumes above the boat where they can more quickly dissipate in the air.
- On we drove past the CJ Rance timber mill where life stood still on this holiday long weekend, save for blue smoke seeping from wood-curing stacks.
- For night flying, engineers added special flame-suppressing exhaust stacks to it to prevent night blindness in crew members.
- In addition, windows surrounding the cab increase visibility, and exhaust stacks are in line with the cab post, lending to a quieter engine.
- Cameron hesitated as he took in the roof, his vision blocked by other staircase entries, chimneys and vent stacks.
- The atrium lobby acts as a stack, with horizontal vents at floor and ceiling.
- Unfortunately, toxic metals escape out the incinerator's smoke stack into the atmosphere.
- Exhaust stacks and courtyards increase access to air movement and daylight.
- The noise from the multiple exhaust stacks is spectacular and very satisfying.
- Of course the plating process is not the only finishing process these truck exhaust stacks go through.
- He hides on his roof behind a stack of chimneys until the people finally disperse.
- Because the fare burns quickly at a high temperature, it also burns cleanly, with virtually no emissions up the stack.
- We would now suggest it is best if we totally by-pass the existing outlets and connect our own outlets directly into the pipe stacks.
Synonyms
chimney, factory chimney, chimney stack, smokestack, funnel, exhaust pipe
1. 2.1British A column of rock standing in the sea, remaining after erosion of cliffs.
  〈英〉（浪蚀）岩柱
  Example sentencesExamples
  He, along with Graeme Nicol and the lyric mountain churl Tom Patey (who died in 1970 falling off a sea stack called The Maiden), did the first ascent of Ben Nevis's Zero Gully, then one of the hardest ice climbs in the world, in 1957.
  The sea stack of Am Buachaille stands to the south end of the bay although it is best viewed from the middle or the northern end.
  I finished my pint in the ship's bar and went to the starboard viewing rail to watch the sunlight reflecting off that famous sea stack, the Old Man Of Hoy.
  Additional features include a private island - a small sea stack known locally as The Stag - and a 24 square metre self-contained Swiss chalet in the back garden, which features two bedrooms, a living area with kitchenette and a shower room.
  A team of scientists investigating ruins atop a remote sea stack in the Western Isles this summer have been using a Troylean sling to get to the remains of a medieval castle.
  Looking south you see the 220 ft sea stack, sentinel of the beach, Am Buachaille - the herdsman - which was first climbed in 1967.
  The climbing partner of a man who fell to his death in Orkney last week has told The Orcadian how a last-minute decision to tackle a 12-metre stack ended in tragedy.
  The Old Man of Stoer comes into view shortly after this, and you follow the cliff edge round to the right and then down steeply to look over the sea stack.
  The other arch stands close by - a Cyclopean gateway through a tall and slim sea stack.
  The climb to the top of the 450 ft sea stack was to raise money and awareness of the plight facing patients with kidney problems.
  This remote corner of Washington's Olympic Peninsula is upholstered with deep forests of cedar, spruce and fir looking over rock cliffs, sea stacks and wave-carved caves to the open Pacific Ocean.
  The sandstone cliff ledges and stacks provide suitable nesting and roosting areas for some species, while three of the four main islands in the area are ideal breeding grounds for large gulls.
  Synonyms
  pillar, column

verbstækstak

[with object]

1Arrange (a number of things) in a pile, typically a neat one.
把…（整齐地）叠成堆
the books had been stacked up in three piles
那些书已经被整整齐齐地叠成几堆。
she stood up, beginning to stack the plates
她站起来开始把盘子叠在一起。
Example sentencesExamples
- A series of photograph of two toddlers earnestly stacking a pile of blocks only to knock them back down will be accompanied by this dialogue.
- Leafy veggies which are not sold are stacked into vegetating piles which emanate a stink and consequently create health hazards for denizens.
- She picked up the dishcloth and started to wipe the plates, stacking them in neat piles of 5.
- Inside, the chairs are stacked in three neat piles on the porch.
- Spread the manure thinly outdoors so that fly eggs and larvae can be killed by drying, or stack the manure and cover with black plastic.
- The Baron was in the Great Hall, counting coins and stacking them in piles.
- More money than even I had seen in my lifetime was stacked in piles around the linoleum floor.
- Karl finally had five neat piles of photos stacked.
- I'd stack hatboxes covered in floral-print paper in a corner.
- While I rinse plates and stack them in the dishwasher, I decide to call Renee to see what she thinks.
- The books that couldn't fit on the shelves were stacked in neat piles nearby.
- The banker can stack the appropriate number of chips on top of the puck to indicate how many consecutive wins he has.
- High ceilings provide the clear height to stack a large number of equipment racks and to accommodate overhead services.
- A desk spanned the width of the room, and there were files folders and CDs stacked in neat piles on the desk, and a computer built into it.
- The wise magician then ordered the young prince to spend the day lugging and stacking a pile of huge logs, menial labor unbefitting royalty.
- We sat at the big table and watched my mum count the coins, stacking it all into neat piles by denomination.
- Here and there on the curb, other entrepreneurs hack shoe soles out of used tires and stack the soles in neat bundles for resale.
- During the day these pillows are stacked in a pile and the room is converted into a place for sitting and eating.
- As the men progress to the next tree, a woman gathers up the curved strips of cork and stacks them into a pile.
- Ian wandered back into the cave and began sorting what was left into packsack-sized piles, stacking them by the mouth of the cave.
Synonyms
heap, heap up, pile, pile up, make a heap of, make a pile of, make a stack of
1. 1.1 Fill or cover (a place or surface) with piles of things, typically neat ones.
  把东西（整齐地）堆放于
  he spent most of the time stacking shelves
  他花了大部分的时间把东西叠放在架子上。
  Example sentencesExamples
  My bravado from earlier dwindled as he nodded, smiled again, and continued stacking the shelves.
  When I was 15, I got a job stacking shelves in Dunnes Stores.
  A great shelf which covered that whole wall was stacked with age old books!
  If you want a knot garden in your own space, stack the central spaces in the middle of your evergreen outline now with as many herbaceous perennials as you can.
  Every surface is stacked with knick-knacks; every chair piled with quilts.
  The bath is stacked with bottles of shampoo, conditioners and various beauty-enhancing lotions and potions.
  And, very definitely, I love to let my eyes swerve over those endless rows of covers stacked upon shelves.
  The place was stacked with empty boxes and cages to carry them around.
  The only table that can fit into the tight living room is stacked with books and papers.
  His lack of selectivity only stacks the shelves higher.
  Most people would just shrug and go get a job stacking shelves in Tescos.
  Then one day while I was stacking the shelves, I collapsed.
  Every housewife stacking her shelves should be proud to have her tins of beans stamped with a such a badge of high distinction.
  Some of the storage areas are stacked with hundreds of baskets that were soaked in poison years ago because at the time it was the only way to protect them from bug infestation.
  Her shelves are stacked with cookbooks and clippings, her drawers filled with gadgets and graters.
  Compared to Watkins, Atlantis is a bit grubby and poorly lit and the place is stacked with arcane junk.
  This time he stood with his back to them continuing to stack the shelves with more force than necessary.
  As it turns out the ‘poor old man’ picks up the internal trolley used for stacking the shelves and tries to claim the missing £1.
  Cabinets around the room were stacked with china dishes.
  Journal pages have to be filled, and library shelves have to be stacked with books.
  Synonyms
  load, fill, fill up, lade, pack, charge, stuff, cram
2. 1.2 Cause (an aircraft) to fly in circles while waiting for permission to land at an airport.
  定高分层盘旋（等待降落）的机群
  I hope we aren't stacked for hours over Kennedy
  我希望我们不要在肯尼迪机场上空作长时间的定高分层盘旋。
  Example sentencesExamples
  And you can see that the controllers are just stacking them up all along the East Coast here and then sending them around.
  The claimant soon became aware of the noise from aircraft stacking over Mayfield.
  Lines had to be shared with people dialling up, ringing off and basically stacking like planes outside Heathrow airport.
2Shuffle or arrange (a deck of cards) dishonestly so as to gain an unfair advantage.
（洗牌）作弊，作（牌）
Example sentencesExamples
- At three-quarter time the Eagles were still down 8.9 to 12.4, and the cards still seemed stacked Westies' way.
- Fate was definitely stacking the cards against me.
- Yes, some people are born with the deck stacked against them.
- She felt like the cards where stacked against her.
- I believed that Meg and Sarah were in real danger at the beginning; by the second half of the movie, I felt that the cards were stacked so unfavorably against the robbers so as to negate the danger.
- I watch it played on TV all the time, I know when cards were stacked.
- But Bremer starts with the cards seemingly stacked against him.
- Or are the cards always stacked in favour of one group?
- But another source said the cards were not all stacked in Regent's favour, as it needed to close a deal in order to strengthen its pubs portfolio beyond Walkabout bars.
- The winemaker is constantly battling to create a bottle of wine that, from the outset, has the deck stacked against it.
- On the face of it, the cards seem stacked against him.
- The cards are stacked against detainees in other ways too.
- Your focus on ‘yields’ of individual commodities, rather than total output, unfairly stacks the deck by ignoring a large measure of what smaller farms produce.
- The question brings me back to an issue that I promised to address: the possibility that Mitch was stacking the cards a bit when he didn't clarify how his teacher/hero needed to be needed.
- You might think that lawyers acting in a Family Court dispute up against a self-represented litigant might be pleased, after all the cards are stacked in their favour.
- The quarterbacks get paid the most money because they must rally the troops in the game's critical moments when the cards are stacked against them.
- When he and his team took office on May 20 last year, the cards were already stacked against them.
- But then again, the deck is completely stacked against him.
- When Bernie falls in love, the chips in his life begin to fall into place, just as cards begin to get stacked against Shelly and his old-school values.
- Life is just too hard, impossible even, and the cards have been totally stacked against me for years.
1. 2.1be stacked against/in favor of Used to refer to a situation which is such that an unfavorable or a favorable outcome is overwhelmingly likely.
  （情况）极可能不利于（有利于）
  the odds were stacked against Fiji in the World Cup
  斐济在世界杯上胜算不大。
  they found the courts stacked in favor of timber interests
  Example sentencesExamples
  The visitors were short their best two players so the odds were stacked against them before the ball was thrown in.
  Little Maisy and Ruby Jolly have been dubbed the ‘Miracle Twins’ after the odds were stacked against their survival.
  Wolff Reik, cloning expert at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, said even if the woman became pregnant the odds were stacked against the baby.
  The odds were stacked against them but there was no lack of self-belief from the Tigers, who subjected the Wakefield line to an onslaught.
  Add in that he was out of action for a couple of months earlier this year with a knee injury and it's clear the odds were stacked against a comeback.
  When you consider how the odds were stacked against us it was a fantastic display and result.
  The odds were stacked against the 17-year-old Toowoomba student from the start, but he triumphed anyway.
  Frye's turnout surprised San Diego voters partly because, from a practical standpoint, the odds were stacked against her.
  Despite all the odds being stacked against them, Mandi and David are determined to be together.
  While the odds were stacked against them, the trio were able to establish contact with Wellington-based Maritime Radio which relayed their plight to Bay of Plenty Coastguard.
3no object (in snowboarding) fall over.
（滑雪板运动用语）跌倒，倒下
Example sentencesExamples
- The group I ride with all got a shock last year when our friend stacked it, came down on his head and spent the next 6 months in hospital.
- Then on his very first session on a his brand-new recently arrived real deal snowboard, he stacked it and broke both legs just below the knee, ouch.

Phrases

stack arms

Place a number of rifles with their butts on the ground and the muzzles together.
Example sentencesExamples
- Insert the muzzle of the other two rifles in there and stack arms.
- Several times in the night orders were given to fall into line and the boys, expecting to advance, would examine their guns, see that everything was in shape for action, then be ordered to stack arms and lie down again.
- About 2 a. m., after passing through a valley amid darkness which was greatly increased by a dense wood, the troops were allowed to file off, stack arms, and bivouac on a slope, and around a knoll upon which some of our cavalrymen had been stationed on picket duty.

Phrasal Verbs

stack up

1Form or cause to form a large quantity; build up.
（使）积成堆；堆起，叠起
cars stack up behind every bus, while passengers stand in line to pay fares
在乘客排队买车票时，每一辆公共汽车后面的小汽车都排成了长队。
Example sentencesExamples
- In times of extreme deadline crisis, when deadlines are stacked up all around the office like unexploded ordinance, lack of attention to personal hygiene is a professional survival mechanism.
- Straight away, after a cup of tea and an initial unpacking operation, stacking the washer up with a week's linen, he was off out to cut the grass.
- So I guess it counts for something then; it may not help stack the funds up in the bank account but at least the pressure can come off.
- Most of these devices have large amounts of system memory, so multiple tasks can be stacked up at once, and their big hard disks (usually around the 20GB mark) make storing contact information a simple business.
- When projects fall behind schedule, it seems to be because these particular employees are stacked up with work and can't adhere to the project schedule.
- It's not even the rainy season - or what we used to qualify as the rainy season, as if we knew anything about it in the first place - but the storms are stacked up out over the Pacific like pool balls on a billiard table and not a pocket in sight.
- Almost 1,000 people reported symptoms, and although no one died, every one of the 125 beds in the town's only hospital was filled, and patients were stacked up in the corridors.
2Measure up; compare.
〈北美，非正式〉比得上；相比
our rural schools stack up well against their urban counterparts
我们的乡村学校完全可以比得上城里的同类学校。
Example sentencesExamples
- How does your pay stack up… when compared to other facility professionals?
- Wade is only one season into his tour of duty, but he is stacking up well in comparison to his predecessors.
- It allows schools to receive comparison and external reviews to see how the institutions stack up, Blood says.
- A look at how 1995 compares with other seasons shows how it stacks up against 1933 and other busy years.
- Find out how your income stacks up compared to the rest of the world.
- I wonder how other state champs would stack up if measured the same way!
- How does the Federal Reserve System stack up in comparison with other central banks?
- And some say our nightlife doesn't stack up when compared to Leeds.
- If funding is how the relative merits of departments and faculties were judged, then the humanities and social sciences stacked up poorly indeed compared to the practical disciplines.
- And how do they stack up compared to the rest of us on health care expenditures?
1. 2.1usually with negativeMake sense; correspond to reality.
  有道理；与事实相符
  to blame the debacle on the antics of a rogue trader is not credible—it doesn't stack up
  把失败归咎于无赖商人愚蠢操作是不可信的，这与事实不符。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Any way you look at it, the statement just doesn't stack up.
  Sorry but what you said just doesn't stack up with the odds.

Origin

Middle English: from Old Norse stakkr ‘haystack’, of Germanic origin.

词汇	stack
释义	Definition of stack in English: stack noun stakstæk 1A pile of objects, typically one that is neatly arranged. （整齐的）一堆 a stack of boxes 一堆盒子。 Example sentencesExamples Sheriff Vasey was sat at his desk, lines of worry incised into his face as he tried to ignore the storm and concentrate on the stack of paperwork piled up in front of him. I got out my small stack of exams from my summer class and, looking up once in a while to watch the people pass by, I graded question 1. Most amazing of all, there was a stack of gifts piled on the chair in the corner. At other times, her mother lay in bed for days, not bothering to get dressed, reading from a stack of books piled on her bedside table. ‘Come in,’ she called absently, slaving over a stack of papers neatly arranged on her desk. ‘These should be your size,’ she handed him a stack of neatly folded clothes. He grabbed a nearby stack of bandages and piled on one after the other until he felt there was enough to soak up the blood. Emanuelle frowned as she traced her fingers down the stack of folders neatly piled inside. Deia's stepmom emerged underneath the staircase with a stack of neatly folded clothes and shot Vaius a look of dislike and poisonous curiosity. Neither the pile of work related e-mails in my inbox nor the stack of paperwork on my desk can put a dent in my enthusiasm. Her bed had a whole stack of clothing piled up and it was getting higher. It was then that her hand slid across what sounded like a stack of neatly clumped paper. She opened her mouth to say something, but Valora Adora bustled back into the room with a small stack of neatly folded colorful clothing. The man heaved as he piled the stack of six books onto Roy's already dusty lap. She greeted her brother, as he finally walked over to the car, a stack of books piled up to his chin. Do you have a stack of books piled beside your bed that you really are going to read? I climbed up a stack of old crates arranged haphazardly behind the warehouse. Vincent moved silently into a deep shadow on the other side of the room, going behind a stack of crates piled in the middle of the floor. Groaning and pushing myself up, I shuffled over to my bathroom, almost tripping on a stack of books piled near my bathroom door. A stack of kindling was piled on the floor nearby and he tossed some in, quickly lighting a fire. Synonyms heap, pile, mound, mountain, pyramid, mass, store, stockpile, hoard, load, tower, drift, clamp, hack North American cold deck Scottish, Irish, &amp Northern English rickle Scottish bing 1.1a stack of/stacks ofinformal A large quantity of something. 〈非正式〉大量，许多 there's stacks of work for me now 我现在有很多工作要做。 Example sentencesExamples There will be some people who have stacks of confidence and some who have none. The next type of beggars were some people walking around with stacks of CDs in their hands on the Walk of Fame. Stalin closed the show for the three nights and sang four of his classics from his stack of hits. Plus, loggers get to eat stacks of pancakes every day. It seems that absence does make the heart grow fonder for on our return, what do we find but stacks of great emails from you. I still have plenty to do, and a stack of emails that are waiting for replies, but they will have to wait until later in the week. Before it, a desk with stacks of waiting paperwork held vigil, its dark wood surface holding old ink stains. There are stacks of people who have e-mailed me or commented over the last year or so who I would love to meet in the flesh. Yet a growing stack of academic research this year suggests that playing Doom or Half-Life can sharpen your physical reactions and improve your social life. The first track opens with what might be a guitar solo filtered through massive stacks of electronics as insect-like squeals pour out of the speakers. Kearsley and Horwich piled up a stack of runs in an entertaining draw. Synonyms a great deal, a lot, a great/large amount, a large quantity, quantities, plenty, abundance, superabundance, plethora, cornucopia, a wealth, profusion, a mountain, reams informal lots, load, loads, heap, heaps, mass, masses, pile, piles, ocean, oceans, oodles, ton, tons British informal lashings, shedload North American informal slew, gobs, scads Australian/New Zealand informal swag vulgar slang shitload North American vulgar slang assload 1.2 A rectangular or cylindrical pile of hay or straw or of grain in sheaf. （干草、稻草或谷物的）堆，垛 Example sentencesExamples Our only pickup truck was used to operate the overshot stacker that piled the hay into stacks. We used to build stacks mainly in the stackyard by the farm buildings but occasionally we built some in the field. I finished with the dirty hay and began piling clean hay from a stack on the far wall, leaving the wheelbarrow for another time. From another hole came the straw that was again piled into a stack. Synonyms haystack, rick, hayrick, stook, mow, haymow, barleymow rare ruck, shock, cock 1.3 A vertical arrangement of hi-fi or guitar amplification equipment. 竖着置放的高保真音响（或吉他扩音）设备 Example sentencesExamples The hearing of both Ozzy Osbourne and The Who guitarist Peter Townshend was damaged by prolonged exposure to the high wattage blare from stacks of amplifiers. The drums were coming through this huge amplifier stack and it was louder than onstage. Top-end CPUs do note readily make for a slimline, quiet-running unit to sit within a hi-fi stack. A new venue meant yet another sound-check to make sure that the reassembled stacks of amplifiers and speakers had been matched to the concert hall's acoustics. 1.4 A number of aircraft flying in circles at different altitudes around the same point while waiting for permission to land at an airport. 定高分层盘旋（等待降落）的机群 Example sentencesExamples We lost our situational awareness of the other aircraft in the overhead stack. The 10 aircraft made an impressive sight as they hovered in a stack above HMAS Albatross. Beaten-up airplanes will always be at the bottom of the stack. Being in the dominant position, on top of the stack in the start circle, is a strong tactical advantage. They thought the stacks of green aircraft belonged to Army fliers. 1.5 A pyramidal group of rifles. （数支步枪支起的锥形）枪架 Example sentencesExamples I recall M/Sgt Widner, a high school ROTC instructor, demonstrating that this arrangement, when properly done on a grass parade field, was strong enough that a soldier could stand (one legged) on the stack. Coronach if you get 9 more rifles you could set up a table in your living room where each leg is a rifle stack. This won't be as sturdy as a stack made by three M1s or three '03s. 1.6the stacks Units of shelving in part of a library normally closed to the public, used to store books compactly. （图书馆的）藏书架，双面书架 the demand for items from the stacks as modifier the new premises provided a reading room and a stack room Example sentencesExamples Sneak the book back into the stacks and tell them they screwed up because you returned it long ago, or else hold onto it until the next amnesty period. They're the smell of yellowed book pages in the stacks of an abandoned library. The librarian sped away along the stacks of books. Nearly every day I'm at the library, searching the stacks. People will want to live in a coffee shop, talking to people about books, not in the stacks at the library or the warehouse at Amazon. Neither outside nor inside the library did I see any sign of where one might deposit one's weapon before browsing in the stacks or settling into the periodicals room. For today much, perhaps most, of a student's search for information has moved out of the stacks and into dorm rooms and studies, via the Internet. Perhaps it took that long to declare the book lost from the stacks of the Geneva Public Library District. This is the version that will go into print and be found in the stacks at the library. Some of them were friendly and even allowed the use of dollies to transport the books from the stacks to the check-out desk. Books will be fetched by Library staff from the stacks downstairs, where the collection will be housed in suitable conditions of security, temperature and humidity. I used to go to UCSD's Central Library and browse the stacks, especially the economics section. 1.7Computing A set of storage locations which store data in such a way that the most recently stored item is the first to be retrieved. 〔计算机〕（存储）栈 Example sentencesExamples The search engines are virtual librarians who take your order and retrieve documents from the stacks in less time than it takes your browser to load the next page. By implementing VI, applications can communicate with each other directly, bypassing the operating system and protocol stacks. Execshield also randomizes the memory address of a program stack to make it harder for malicious code to know where to gain entry into the program. The gateway holds the hardware interfaces and software protocol stacks to get all the various technologies talking nicely to one another. Within the protocol stack, SSL / TLS is situated underneath the application layer. 2A chimney, especially one on a factory, or a vertical exhaust pipe on a vehicle. （尤指工厂的）烟囱；（车辆的）立式烟道，排气管 Example sentencesExamples In addition, windows surrounding the cab increase visibility, and exhaust stacks are in line with the cab post, lending to a quieter engine. For night flying, engineers added special flame-suppressing exhaust stacks to it to prevent night blindness in crew members. Because the fare burns quickly at a high temperature, it also burns cleanly, with virtually no emissions up the stack. We would now suggest it is best if we totally by-pass the existing outlets and connect our own outlets directly into the pipe stacks. The atrium lobby acts as a stack, with horizontal vents at floor and ceiling. Between the stack and the vertical wall there are many large holes or caves full of groupers. Of course the plating process is not the only finishing process these truck exhaust stacks go through. The noise from the multiple exhaust stacks is spectacular and very satisfying. Also effective was a tall stack exhaust port which expels the fumes above the boat where they can more quickly dissipate in the air. Cameron hesitated as he took in the roof, his vision blocked by other staircase entries, chimneys and vent stacks. Police can drown the engine of a bigger ship by firing a water cannon into its exhaust stacks. He hides on his roof behind a stack of chimneys until the people finally disperse. One exhaust stack will be virtually right next door to the Gabba. She blew a series of smoke rings out, because she knew that it amused me, stretching her head into the air like her neck was a stack and her lips the chimney rim. My brother and I were flying one day when the engine suddenly lost 60 percent of its power and heavy black smoke started pouring from the exhaust stacks. On we drove past the CJ Rance timber mill where life stood still on this holiday long weekend, save for blue smoke seeping from wood-curing stacks. Unfortunately, toxic metals escape out the incinerator's smoke stack into the atmosphere. Exhaust stacks and courtyards increase access to air movement and daylight. A downdraft over the stack is causing the sewer gas to be more noticeable. There is no release of gases into the atmosphere except through the exhaust stack. Synonyms chimney, factory chimney, chimney stack, smokestack, funnel, exhaust pipe 2.1British A column of rock standing in the sea, remaining after erosion of cliffs. 〈英〉（浪蚀）岩柱 Example sentencesExamples The sandstone cliff ledges and stacks provide suitable nesting and roosting areas for some species, while three of the four main islands in the area are ideal breeding grounds for large gulls. The Old Man of Stoer comes into view shortly after this, and you follow the cliff edge round to the right and then down steeply to look over the sea stack. Looking south you see the 220 ft sea stack, sentinel of the beach, Am Buachaille - the herdsman - which was first climbed in 1967. The climb to the top of the 450 ft sea stack was to raise money and awareness of the plight facing patients with kidney problems. The climbing partner of a man who fell to his death in Orkney last week has told The Orcadian how a last-minute decision to tackle a 12-metre stack ended in tragedy. The other arch stands close by - a Cyclopean gateway through a tall and slim sea stack. This remote corner of Washington's Olympic Peninsula is upholstered with deep forests of cedar, spruce and fir looking over rock cliffs, sea stacks and wave-carved caves to the open Pacific Ocean. He, along with Graeme Nicol and the lyric mountain churl Tom Patey (who died in 1970 falling off a sea stack called The Maiden), did the first ascent of Ben Nevis's Zero Gully, then one of the hardest ice climbs in the world, in 1957. A team of scientists investigating ruins atop a remote sea stack in the Western Isles this summer have been using a Troylean sling to get to the remains of a medieval castle. I finished my pint in the ship's bar and went to the starboard viewing rail to watch the sunlight reflecting off that famous sea stack, the Old Man Of Hoy. The sea stack of Am Buachaille stands to the south end of the bay although it is best viewed from the middle or the northern end. Additional features include a private island - a small sea stack known locally as The Stag - and a 24 square metre self-contained Swiss chalet in the back garden, which features two bedrooms, a living area with kitchenette and a shower room. Synonyms pillar, column tor, dome, plug, stalagmite French puy 3British A measure for a pile of wood of 108 cu. ft (3.06 cubic metres). 〈英〉垛，堆（木材计量单位，等于108立方英尺，即3.06立方米） Example sentencesExamples The actual wood contained in a 4' x 4' x 8' stack is approximately 90 cubic feet. Pulpwood and firewood are usually measured by the cord, which is a stack of roundwood 4' x 4' x 8'. verb stakstæk [with object] 1Arrange (a number of things) in a pile, typically a neat one. 把…（整齐地）叠成堆 the books had been stacked up in three piles 那些书已经被整整齐齐地叠成几堆。 she stood up, beginning to stack the plates 她站起来开始把盘子叠在一起。 Example sentencesExamples As the men progress to the next tree, a woman gathers up the curved strips of cork and stacks them into a pile. While I rinse plates and stack them in the dishwasher, I decide to call Renee to see what she thinks. More money than even I had seen in my lifetime was stacked in piles around the linoleum floor. A series of photograph of two toddlers earnestly stacking a pile of blocks only to knock them back down will be accompanied by this dialogue. The banker can stack the appropriate number of chips on top of the puck to indicate how many consecutive wins he has. Spread the manure thinly outdoors so that fly eggs and larvae can be killed by drying, or stack the manure and cover with black plastic. Here and there on the curb, other entrepreneurs hack shoe soles out of used tires and stack the soles in neat bundles for resale. She picked up the dishcloth and started to wipe the plates, stacking them in neat piles of 5. Inside, the chairs are stacked in three neat piles on the porch. Ian wandered back into the cave and began sorting what was left into packsack-sized piles, stacking them by the mouth of the cave. Karl finally had five neat piles of photos stacked. Leafy veggies which are not sold are stacked into vegetating piles which emanate a stink and consequently create health hazards for denizens. A desk spanned the width of the room, and there were files folders and CDs stacked in neat piles on the desk, and a computer built into it. The books that couldn't fit on the shelves were stacked in neat piles nearby. I'd stack hatboxes covered in floral-print paper in a corner. We sat at the big table and watched my mum count the coins, stacking it all into neat piles by denomination. The wise magician then ordered the young prince to spend the day lugging and stacking a pile of huge logs, menial labor unbefitting royalty. High ceilings provide the clear height to stack a large number of equipment racks and to accommodate overhead services. The Baron was in the Great Hall, counting coins and stacking them in piles. During the day these pillows are stacked in a pile and the room is converted into a place for sitting and eating. Synonyms heap (up), pile (up), make a heap/pile/stack of assemble, put together, collect, hoard, store, stockpile 1.1 Fill or cover (a place or surface) with stacks of things. 把东西（整齐地）堆放于 he spent most of the time stacking shelves 他花了大部分的时间把东西叠放在架子上。 Example sentencesExamples The only table that can fit into the tight living room is stacked with books and papers. My bravado from earlier dwindled as he nodded, smiled again, and continued stacking the shelves. Cabinets around the room were stacked with china dishes. If you want a knot garden in your own space, stack the central spaces in the middle of your evergreen outline now with as many herbaceous perennials as you can. Then one day while I was stacking the shelves, I collapsed. A great shelf which covered that whole wall was stacked with age old books! Every surface is stacked with knick-knacks; every chair piled with quilts. As it turns out the ‘poor old man’ picks up the internal trolley used for stacking the shelves and tries to claim the missing £1. Her shelves are stacked with cookbooks and clippings, her drawers filled with gadgets and graters. His lack of selectivity only stacks the shelves higher. The bath is stacked with bottles of shampoo, conditioners and various beauty-enhancing lotions and potions. Some of the storage areas are stacked with hundreds of baskets that were soaked in poison years ago because at the time it was the only way to protect them from bug infestation. The place was stacked with empty boxes and cages to carry them around. And, very definitely, I love to let my eyes swerve over those endless rows of covers stacked upon shelves. This time he stood with his back to them continuing to stack the shelves with more force than necessary. Most people would just shrug and go get a job stacking shelves in Tescos. Every housewife stacking her shelves should be proud to have her tins of beans stamped with a such a badge of high distinction. Journal pages have to be filled, and library shelves have to be stacked with books. When I was 15, I got a job stacking shelves in Dunnes Stores. Compared to Watkins, Atlantis is a bit grubby and poorly lit and the place is stacked with arcane junk. Synonyms load, fill (up), lade, pack, charge, stuff, cram stock 1.2 Cause (an aircraft) to fly in circles while waiting for permission to land at an airport. 定高分层盘旋（等待降落）的机群 I hope we aren't stacked for hours over Kennedy 我希望我们不要在肯尼迪机场上空作长时间的定高分层盘旋。 Example sentencesExamples Lines had to be shared with people dialling up, ringing off and basically stacking like planes outside Heathrow airport. And you can see that the controllers are just stacking them up all along the East Coast here and then sending them around. The claimant soon became aware of the noise from aircraft stacking over Mayfield. 2Shuffle or arrange (a pack of cards) dishonestly so as to gain an unfair advantage. （洗牌）作弊，作（牌） I know the cards are stacked figurative Texas's capital punishment law stacks the deck in favour of death over prison Example sentencesExamples But another source said the cards were not all stacked in Regent's favour, as it needed to close a deal in order to strengthen its pubs portfolio beyond Walkabout bars. I believed that Meg and Sarah were in real danger at the beginning; by the second half of the movie, I felt that the cards were stacked so unfavorably against the robbers so as to negate the danger. The winemaker is constantly battling to create a bottle of wine that, from the outset, has the deck stacked against it. At three-quarter time the Eagles were still down 8.9 to 12.4, and the cards still seemed stacked Westies' way. The question brings me back to an issue that I promised to address: the possibility that Mitch was stacking the cards a bit when he didn't clarify how his teacher/hero needed to be needed. She felt like the cards where stacked against her. I watch it played on TV all the time, I know when cards were stacked. But then again, the deck is completely stacked against him. You might think that lawyers acting in a Family Court dispute up against a self-represented litigant might be pleased, after all the cards are stacked in their favour. When he and his team took office on May 20 last year, the cards were already stacked against them. Your focus on ‘yields’ of individual commodities, rather than total output, unfairly stacks the deck by ignoring a large measure of what smaller farms produce. Or are the cards always stacked in favour of one group? When Bernie falls in love, the chips in his life begin to fall into place, just as cards begin to get stacked against Shelly and his old-school values. But Bremer starts with the cards seemingly stacked against him. Fate was definitely stacking the cards against me. The cards are stacked against detainees in other ways too. Yes, some people are born with the deck stacked against them. On the face of it, the cards seem stacked against him. The quarterbacks get paid the most money because they must rally the troops in the game's critical moments when the cards are stacked against them. Life is just too hard, impossible even, and the cards have been totally stacked against me for years. 2.1be stacked against/in favour of Used to refer to a situation which is such that an unfavourable or a favourable outcome is overwhelmingly likely. （情况）极可能不利于（有利于） the odds were stacked against Fiji in the World Cup 斐济在世界杯上胜算不大。 Example sentencesExamples Add in that he was out of action for a couple of months earlier this year with a knee injury and it's clear the odds were stacked against a comeback. Frye's turnout surprised San Diego voters partly because, from a practical standpoint, the odds were stacked against her. Little Maisy and Ruby Jolly have been dubbed the ‘Miracle Twins’ after the odds were stacked against their survival. The visitors were short their best two players so the odds were stacked against them before the ball was thrown in. Wolff Reik, cloning expert at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, said even if the woman became pregnant the odds were stacked against the baby. The odds were stacked against them but there was no lack of self-belief from the Tigers, who subjected the Wakefield line to an onslaught. While the odds were stacked against them, the trio were able to establish contact with Wellington-based Maritime Radio which relayed their plight to Bay of Plenty Coastguard. When you consider how the odds were stacked against us it was a fantastic display and result. Despite all the odds being stacked against them, Mandi and David are determined to be together. The odds were stacked against the 17-year-old Toowoomba student from the start, but he triumphed anyway. 3no object (in snowboarding) fall over. （滑雪板运动用语）跌倒，倒下 Example sentencesExamples Then on his very first session on a his brand-new recently arrived real deal snowboard, he stacked it and broke both legs just below the knee, ouch. The group I ride with all got a shock last year when our friend stacked it, came down on his head and spent the next 6 months in hospital. Phrasal Verbs stack up 1Form or cause to form a large quantity; build up. （使）积成堆；堆起，叠起 cars stack up behind every bus Example sentencesExamples Most of these devices have large amounts of system memory, so multiple tasks can be stacked up at once, and their big hard disks (usually around the 20GB mark) make storing contact information a simple business. It's not even the rainy season - or what we used to qualify as the rainy season, as if we knew anything about it in the first place - but the storms are stacked up out over the Pacific like pool balls on a billiard table and not a pocket in sight. When projects fall behind schedule, it seems to be because these particular employees are stacked up with work and can't adhere to the project schedule. Straight away, after a cup of tea and an initial unpacking operation, stacking the washer up with a week's linen, he was off out to cut the grass. So I guess it counts for something then; it may not help stack the funds up in the bank account but at least the pressure can come off. In times of extreme deadline crisis, when deadlines are stacked up all around the office like unexploded ordinance, lack of attention to personal hygiene is a professional survival mechanism. Almost 1,000 people reported symptoms, and although no one died, every one of the 125 beds in the town's only hospital was filled, and patients were stacked up in the corridors. 2Measure up; compare. 〈北美，非正式〉比得上；相比 our rural schools stack up well against their urban counterparts 我们的乡村学校完全可以比得上城里的同类学校。 Example sentencesExamples I wonder how other state champs would stack up if measured the same way! And how do they stack up compared to the rest of us on health care expenditures? It allows schools to receive comparison and external reviews to see how the institutions stack up, Blood says. How does your pay stack up… when compared to other facility professionals? Find out how your income stacks up compared to the rest of the world. How does the Federal Reserve System stack up in comparison with other central banks? Wade is only one season into his tour of duty, but he is stacking up well in comparison to his predecessors. If funding is how the relative merits of departments and faculties were judged, then the humanities and social sciences stacked up poorly indeed compared to the practical disciplines. And some say our nightlife doesn't stack up when compared to Leeds. A look at how 1995 compares with other seasons shows how it stacks up against 1933 and other busy years. 2.1usually with negativeMake sense. to blame the debacle on the antics of a rogue trader is not credible—it doesn't stack up 把失败归咎于无赖商人愚蠢操作是不可信的，这与事实不符。 Example sentencesExamples Sorry but what you said just doesn't stack up with the odds. Any way you look at it, the statement just doesn't stack up. Derivatives stackable adjective The size of the container depends on the storage space available, but could be stackable plastic containers, cardboard boxes or archive boxes, which have the advantage of a lid. Example sentencesExamples On the other hand, stackable conference chairs are a great idea, as they don't take up space when they're not being used, and are handy for when you have meetings in your office. While serving in the Aleutian Islands, he became fascinated with the lightweight, stackable, easy-to-assemble huts. The cells are stackable flat plates, each one producing about one volt, the size of the stack determining the power output. A rugged Lexan outer case protects against scratches and high temperatures, can be used either horizontally or vertically, has rubber feet on all sides and is stackable. stacker noun ˈstakəˈstækər Milk products are packaged 16 quarts or four gallons to a case and automatic stackers stack them six high. Example sentencesExamples The company said managerial cost-cutting in the stores would be re-invested in roles such as checkout operators and shelf stackers which directly affect customers. At present our Frontline Training Framework covers all roles, from shelf stackers through to store managers. A hospital porter, a call centre operator, supermarket shelf stackers and a factory worker, they meet regularly in an all night cafe to kill time. Nolan said that in his view shelf stackers and van drivers were the iconic jobs of today. Origin Middle English: from Old Norse stakkr 'haystack', of Germanic origin. Rhymes aback, alack, attack, back, black, brack, clack, claque, crack, Dirac, drack, flack, flak, hack, jack, Kazakh, knack, lack, lakh, mac, mach, Nagorno-Karabakh, pack, pitchblack, plaque, quack, rack, sac, sack, shack, shellac, slack, smack, snack, tach, tack, thwack, track, vac, wack, whack, wrack, yak, Zack noun.1 phr.v. Definition of stack in US English: stack nounstækstak 1A pile of objects, typically one that is neatly arranged. （整齐的）一堆 a stack of boxes 一堆盒子。 Example sentencesExamples ‘Come in,’ she called absently, slaving over a stack of papers neatly arranged on her desk. Emanuelle frowned as she traced her fingers down the stack of folders neatly piled inside. Most amazing of all, there was a stack of gifts piled on the chair in the corner. A stack of kindling was piled on the floor nearby and he tossed some in, quickly lighting a fire. Deia's stepmom emerged underneath the staircase with a stack of neatly folded clothes and shot Vaius a look of dislike and poisonous curiosity. Vincent moved silently into a deep shadow on the other side of the room, going behind a stack of crates piled in the middle of the floor. Sheriff Vasey was sat at his desk, lines of worry incised into his face as he tried to ignore the storm and concentrate on the stack of paperwork piled up in front of him. I climbed up a stack of old crates arranged haphazardly behind the warehouse. Her bed had a whole stack of clothing piled up and it was getting higher. She greeted her brother, as he finally walked over to the car, a stack of books piled up to his chin. The man heaved as he piled the stack of six books onto Roy's already dusty lap. At other times, her mother lay in bed for days, not bothering to get dressed, reading from a stack of books piled on her bedside table. He grabbed a nearby stack of bandages and piled on one after the other until he felt there was enough to soak up the blood. Groaning and pushing myself up, I shuffled over to my bathroom, almost tripping on a stack of books piled near my bathroom door. Do you have a stack of books piled beside your bed that you really are going to read? It was then that her hand slid across what sounded like a stack of neatly clumped paper. ‘These should be your size,’ she handed him a stack of neatly folded clothes. She opened her mouth to say something, but Valora Adora bustled back into the room with a small stack of neatly folded colorful clothing. I got out my small stack of exams from my summer class and, looking up once in a while to watch the people pass by, I graded question 1. Neither the pile of work related e-mails in my inbox nor the stack of paperwork on my desk can put a dent in my enthusiasm. Synonyms heap, pile, mound, mountain, pyramid, mass, store, stockpile, hoard, load, tower, drift, clamp, hack 1.1a stack of/stacks ofinformal A large quantity of something. 〈非正式〉大量，许多 there's stacks of work for me now 我现在有很多工作要做。 Example sentencesExamples I still have plenty to do, and a stack of emails that are waiting for replies, but they will have to wait until later in the week. Stalin closed the show for the three nights and sang four of his classics from his stack of hits. The next type of beggars were some people walking around with stacks of CDs in their hands on the Walk of Fame. It seems that absence does make the heart grow fonder for on our return, what do we find but stacks of great emails from you. There will be some people who have stacks of confidence and some who have none. Plus, loggers get to eat stacks of pancakes every day. Before it, a desk with stacks of waiting paperwork held vigil, its dark wood surface holding old ink stains. There are stacks of people who have e-mailed me or commented over the last year or so who I would love to meet in the flesh. Kearsley and Horwich piled up a stack of runs in an entertaining draw. Yet a growing stack of academic research this year suggests that playing Doom or Half-Life can sharpen your physical reactions and improve your social life. The first track opens with what might be a guitar solo filtered through massive stacks of electronics as insect-like squeals pour out of the speakers. Synonyms a great deal, a lot, a great amount, a large amount, a large quantity, quantities, plenty, abundance, superabundance, plethora, cornucopia, a wealth, profusion, a mountain, reams 1.2 A rectangular or cylindrical pile of hay or straw or of grain in sheaf. （干草、稻草或谷物的）堆，垛 Example sentencesExamples We used to build stacks mainly in the stackyard by the farm buildings but occasionally we built some in the field. Our only pickup truck was used to operate the overshot stacker that piled the hay into stacks. I finished with the dirty hay and began piling clean hay from a stack on the far wall, leaving the wheelbarrow for another time. From another hole came the straw that was again piled into a stack. Synonyms haystack, rick, hayrick, stook, mow, haymow, barleymow 1.3 A vertical arrangement of stereo or guitar amplification equipment. 竖着置放的高保真音响（或吉他扩音）设备 Example sentencesExamples A new venue meant yet another sound-check to make sure that the reassembled stacks of amplifiers and speakers had been matched to the concert hall's acoustics. Top-end CPUs do note readily make for a slimline, quiet-running unit to sit within a hi-fi stack. The drums were coming through this huge amplifier stack and it was louder than onstage. The hearing of both Ozzy Osbourne and The Who guitarist Peter Townshend was damaged by prolonged exposure to the high wattage blare from stacks of amplifiers. 1.4 A number of aircraft flying in circles at different altitudes around the same point while waiting for permission to land at an airport. 定高分层盘旋（等待降落）的机群 Example sentencesExamples We lost our situational awareness of the other aircraft in the overhead stack. The 10 aircraft made an impressive sight as they hovered in a stack above HMAS Albatross. They thought the stacks of green aircraft belonged to Army fliers. Being in the dominant position, on top of the stack in the start circle, is a strong tactical advantage. Beaten-up airplanes will always be at the bottom of the stack. 1.5 A pyramidal group of rifles. （数支步枪支起的锥形）枪架 Example sentencesExamples I recall M/Sgt Widner, a high school ROTC instructor, demonstrating that this arrangement, when properly done on a grass parade field, was strong enough that a soldier could stand (one legged) on the stack. This won't be as sturdy as a stack made by three M1s or three '03s. Coronach if you get 9 more rifles you could set up a table in your living room where each leg is a rifle stack. 1.6the stacks Units of shelving in part of a library, used to store books compactly. （图书馆的）藏书架，双面书架 Example sentencesExamples For today much, perhaps most, of a student's search for information has moved out of the stacks and into dorm rooms and studies, via the Internet. I used to go to UCSD's Central Library and browse the stacks, especially the economics section. People will want to live in a coffee shop, talking to people about books, not in the stacks at the library or the warehouse at Amazon. Sneak the book back into the stacks and tell them they screwed up because you returned it long ago, or else hold onto it until the next amnesty period. Neither outside nor inside the library did I see any sign of where one might deposit one's weapon before browsing in the stacks or settling into the periodicals room. Perhaps it took that long to declare the book lost from the stacks of the Geneva Public Library District. Nearly every day I'm at the library, searching the stacks. Books will be fetched by Library staff from the stacks downstairs, where the collection will be housed in suitable conditions of security, temperature and humidity. The librarian sped away along the stacks of books. This is the version that will go into print and be found in the stacks at the library. They're the smell of yellowed book pages in the stacks of an abandoned library. Some of them were friendly and even allowed the use of dollies to transport the books from the stacks to the check-out desk. 1.7Computing A set of storage locations which store data in such a way that the most recently stored item is the first to be retrieved. 〔计算机〕（存储）栈 Example sentencesExamples By implementing VI, applications can communicate with each other directly, bypassing the operating system and protocol stacks. The gateway holds the hardware interfaces and software protocol stacks to get all the various technologies talking nicely to one another. Execshield also randomizes the memory address of a program stack to make it harder for malicious code to know where to gain entry into the program. Within the protocol stack, SSL / TLS is situated underneath the application layer. The search engines are virtual librarians who take your order and retrieve documents from the stacks in less time than it takes your browser to load the next page. 2A chimney, especially one on a factory, or a vertical exhaust pipe on a vehicle. （尤指工厂的）烟囱；（车辆的）立式烟道，排气管 Example sentencesExamples One exhaust stack will be virtually right next door to the Gabba. A downdraft over the stack is causing the sewer gas to be more noticeable. Police can drown the engine of a bigger ship by firing a water cannon into its exhaust stacks. She blew a series of smoke rings out, because she knew that it amused me, stretching her head into the air like her neck was a stack and her lips the chimney rim. There is no release of gases into the atmosphere except through the exhaust stack. Between the stack and the vertical wall there are many large holes or caves full of groupers. My brother and I were flying one day when the engine suddenly lost 60 percent of its power and heavy black smoke started pouring from the exhaust stacks. Also effective was a tall stack exhaust port which expels the fumes above the boat where they can more quickly dissipate in the air. On we drove past the CJ Rance timber mill where life stood still on this holiday long weekend, save for blue smoke seeping from wood-curing stacks. For night flying, engineers added special flame-suppressing exhaust stacks to it to prevent night blindness in crew members. In addition, windows surrounding the cab increase visibility, and exhaust stacks are in line with the cab post, lending to a quieter engine. Cameron hesitated as he took in the roof, his vision blocked by other staircase entries, chimneys and vent stacks. The atrium lobby acts as a stack, with horizontal vents at floor and ceiling. Unfortunately, toxic metals escape out the incinerator's smoke stack into the atmosphere. Exhaust stacks and courtyards increase access to air movement and daylight. The noise from the multiple exhaust stacks is spectacular and very satisfying. Of course the plating process is not the only finishing process these truck exhaust stacks go through. He hides on his roof behind a stack of chimneys until the people finally disperse. Because the fare burns quickly at a high temperature, it also burns cleanly, with virtually no emissions up the stack. We would now suggest it is best if we totally by-pass the existing outlets and connect our own outlets directly into the pipe stacks. Synonyms chimney, factory chimney, chimney stack, smokestack, funnel, exhaust pipe 2.1British A column of rock standing in the sea, remaining after erosion of cliffs. 〈英〉（浪蚀）岩柱 Example sentencesExamples He, along with Graeme Nicol and the lyric mountain churl Tom Patey (who died in 1970 falling off a sea stack called The Maiden), did the first ascent of Ben Nevis's Zero Gully, then one of the hardest ice climbs in the world, in 1957. The sea stack of Am Buachaille stands to the south end of the bay although it is best viewed from the middle or the northern end. I finished my pint in the ship's bar and went to the starboard viewing rail to watch the sunlight reflecting off that famous sea stack, the Old Man Of Hoy. Additional features include a private island - a small sea stack known locally as The Stag - and a 24 square metre self-contained Swiss chalet in the back garden, which features two bedrooms, a living area with kitchenette and a shower room. A team of scientists investigating ruins atop a remote sea stack in the Western Isles this summer have been using a Troylean sling to get to the remains of a medieval castle. Looking south you see the 220 ft sea stack, sentinel of the beach, Am Buachaille - the herdsman - which was first climbed in 1967. The climbing partner of a man who fell to his death in Orkney last week has told The Orcadian how a last-minute decision to tackle a 12-metre stack ended in tragedy. The Old Man of Stoer comes into view shortly after this, and you follow the cliff edge round to the right and then down steeply to look over the sea stack. The other arch stands close by - a Cyclopean gateway through a tall and slim sea stack. The climb to the top of the 450 ft sea stack was to raise money and awareness of the plight facing patients with kidney problems. This remote corner of Washington's Olympic Peninsula is upholstered with deep forests of cedar, spruce and fir looking over rock cliffs, sea stacks and wave-carved caves to the open Pacific Ocean. The sandstone cliff ledges and stacks provide suitable nesting and roosting areas for some species, while three of the four main islands in the area are ideal breeding grounds for large gulls. Synonyms pillar, column verbstækstak [with object] 1Arrange (a number of things) in a pile, typically a neat one. 把…（整齐地）叠成堆 the books had been stacked up in three piles 那些书已经被整整齐齐地叠成几堆。 she stood up, beginning to stack the plates 她站起来开始把盘子叠在一起。 Example sentencesExamples A series of photograph of two toddlers earnestly stacking a pile of blocks only to knock them back down will be accompanied by this dialogue. Leafy veggies which are not sold are stacked into vegetating piles which emanate a stink and consequently create health hazards for denizens. She picked up the dishcloth and started to wipe the plates, stacking them in neat piles of 5. Inside, the chairs are stacked in three neat piles on the porch. Spread the manure thinly outdoors so that fly eggs and larvae can be killed by drying, or stack the manure and cover with black plastic. The Baron was in the Great Hall, counting coins and stacking them in piles. More money than even I had seen in my lifetime was stacked in piles around the linoleum floor. Karl finally had five neat piles of photos stacked. I'd stack hatboxes covered in floral-print paper in a corner. While I rinse plates and stack them in the dishwasher, I decide to call Renee to see what she thinks. The books that couldn't fit on the shelves were stacked in neat piles nearby. The banker can stack the appropriate number of chips on top of the puck to indicate how many consecutive wins he has. High ceilings provide the clear height to stack a large number of equipment racks and to accommodate overhead services. A desk spanned the width of the room, and there were files folders and CDs stacked in neat piles on the desk, and a computer built into it. The wise magician then ordered the young prince to spend the day lugging and stacking a pile of huge logs, menial labor unbefitting royalty. We sat at the big table and watched my mum count the coins, stacking it all into neat piles by denomination. Here and there on the curb, other entrepreneurs hack shoe soles out of used tires and stack the soles in neat bundles for resale. During the day these pillows are stacked in a pile and the room is converted into a place for sitting and eating. As the men progress to the next tree, a woman gathers up the curved strips of cork and stacks them into a pile. Ian wandered back into the cave and began sorting what was left into packsack-sized piles, stacking them by the mouth of the cave. Synonyms heap, heap up, pile, pile up, make a heap of, make a pile of, make a stack of 1.1 Fill or cover (a place or surface) with piles of things, typically neat ones. 把东西（整齐地）堆放于 he spent most of the time stacking shelves 他花了大部分的时间把东西叠放在架子上。 Example sentencesExamples My bravado from earlier dwindled as he nodded, smiled again, and continued stacking the shelves. When I was 15, I got a job stacking shelves in Dunnes Stores. A great shelf which covered that whole wall was stacked with age old books! If you want a knot garden in your own space, stack the central spaces in the middle of your evergreen outline now with as many herbaceous perennials as you can. Every surface is stacked with knick-knacks; every chair piled with quilts. The bath is stacked with bottles of shampoo, conditioners and various beauty-enhancing lotions and potions. And, very definitely, I love to let my eyes swerve over those endless rows of covers stacked upon shelves. The place was stacked with empty boxes and cages to carry them around. The only table that can fit into the tight living room is stacked with books and papers. His lack of selectivity only stacks the shelves higher. Most people would just shrug and go get a job stacking shelves in Tescos. Then one day while I was stacking the shelves, I collapsed. Every housewife stacking her shelves should be proud to have her tins of beans stamped with a such a badge of high distinction. Some of the storage areas are stacked with hundreds of baskets that were soaked in poison years ago because at the time it was the only way to protect them from bug infestation. Her shelves are stacked with cookbooks and clippings, her drawers filled with gadgets and graters. Compared to Watkins, Atlantis is a bit grubby and poorly lit and the place is stacked with arcane junk. This time he stood with his back to them continuing to stack the shelves with more force than necessary. As it turns out the ‘poor old man’ picks up the internal trolley used for stacking the shelves and tries to claim the missing £1. Cabinets around the room were stacked with china dishes. Journal pages have to be filled, and library shelves have to be stacked with books. Synonyms load, fill, fill up, lade, pack, charge, stuff, cram 1.2 Cause (an aircraft) to fly in circles while waiting for permission to land at an airport. 定高分层盘旋（等待降落）的机群 I hope we aren't stacked for hours over Kennedy 我希望我们不要在肯尼迪机场上空作长时间的定高分层盘旋。 Example sentencesExamples And you can see that the controllers are just stacking them up all along the East Coast here and then sending them around. The claimant soon became aware of the noise from aircraft stacking over Mayfield. Lines had to be shared with people dialling up, ringing off and basically stacking like planes outside Heathrow airport. 2Shuffle or arrange (a deck of cards) dishonestly so as to gain an unfair advantage. （洗牌）作弊，作（牌） Example sentencesExamples At three-quarter time the Eagles were still down 8.9 to 12.4, and the cards still seemed stacked Westies' way. Fate was definitely stacking the cards against me. Yes, some people are born with the deck stacked against them. She felt like the cards where stacked against her. I believed that Meg and Sarah were in real danger at the beginning; by the second half of the movie, I felt that the cards were stacked so unfavorably against the robbers so as to negate the danger. I watch it played on TV all the time, I know when cards were stacked. But Bremer starts with the cards seemingly stacked against him. Or are the cards always stacked in favour of one group? But another source said the cards were not all stacked in Regent's favour, as it needed to close a deal in order to strengthen its pubs portfolio beyond Walkabout bars. The winemaker is constantly battling to create a bottle of wine that, from the outset, has the deck stacked against it. On the face of it, the cards seem stacked against him. The cards are stacked against detainees in other ways too. Your focus on ‘yields’ of individual commodities, rather than total output, unfairly stacks the deck by ignoring a large measure of what smaller farms produce. The question brings me back to an issue that I promised to address: the possibility that Mitch was stacking the cards a bit when he didn't clarify how his teacher/hero needed to be needed. You might think that lawyers acting in a Family Court dispute up against a self-represented litigant might be pleased, after all the cards are stacked in their favour. The quarterbacks get paid the most money because they must rally the troops in the game's critical moments when the cards are stacked against them. When he and his team took office on May 20 last year, the cards were already stacked against them. But then again, the deck is completely stacked against him. When Bernie falls in love, the chips in his life begin to fall into place, just as cards begin to get stacked against Shelly and his old-school values. Life is just too hard, impossible even, and the cards have been totally stacked against me for years. 2.1be stacked against/in favor of Used to refer to a situation which is such that an unfavorable or a favorable outcome is overwhelmingly likely. （情况）极可能不利于（有利于） the odds were stacked against Fiji in the World Cup 斐济在世界杯上胜算不大。 they found the courts stacked in favor of timber interests Example sentencesExamples The visitors were short their best two players so the odds were stacked against them before the ball was thrown in. Little Maisy and Ruby Jolly have been dubbed the ‘Miracle Twins’ after the odds were stacked against their survival. Wolff Reik, cloning expert at the Babraham Institute, Cambridge, said even if the woman became pregnant the odds were stacked against the baby. The odds were stacked against them but there was no lack of self-belief from the Tigers, who subjected the Wakefield line to an onslaught. Add in that he was out of action for a couple of months earlier this year with a knee injury and it's clear the odds were stacked against a comeback. When you consider how the odds were stacked against us it was a fantastic display and result. The odds were stacked against the 17-year-old Toowoomba student from the start, but he triumphed anyway. Frye's turnout surprised San Diego voters partly because, from a practical standpoint, the odds were stacked against her. Despite all the odds being stacked against them, Mandi and David are determined to be together. While the odds were stacked against them, the trio were able to establish contact with Wellington-based Maritime Radio which relayed their plight to Bay of Plenty Coastguard. 3no object (in snowboarding) fall over. （滑雪板运动用语）跌倒，倒下 Example sentencesExamples The group I ride with all got a shock last year when our friend stacked it, came down on his head and spent the next 6 months in hospital. Then on his very first session on a his brand-new recently arrived real deal snowboard, he stacked it and broke both legs just below the knee, ouch. Phrases stack arms Place a number of rifles with their butts on the ground and the muzzles together. Example sentencesExamples Insert the muzzle of the other two rifles in there and stack arms. Several times in the night orders were given to fall into line and the boys, expecting to advance, would examine their guns, see that everything was in shape for action, then be ordered to stack arms and lie down again. About 2 a. m., after passing through a valley amid darkness which was greatly increased by a dense wood, the troops were allowed to file off, stack arms, and bivouac on a slope, and around a knoll upon which some of our cavalrymen had been stationed on picket duty. Phrasal Verbs stack up 1Form or cause to form a large quantity; build up. （使）积成堆；堆起，叠起 cars stack up behind every bus, while passengers stand in line to pay fares 在乘客排队买车票时，每一辆公共汽车后面的小汽车都排成了长队。 Example sentencesExamples In times of extreme deadline crisis, when deadlines are stacked up all around the office like unexploded ordinance, lack of attention to personal hygiene is a professional survival mechanism. Straight away, after a cup of tea and an initial unpacking operation, stacking the washer up with a week's linen, he was off out to cut the grass. So I guess it counts for something then; it may not help stack the funds up in the bank account but at least the pressure can come off. Most of these devices have large amounts of system memory, so multiple tasks can be stacked up at once, and their big hard disks (usually around the 20GB mark) make storing contact information a simple business. When projects fall behind schedule, it seems to be because these particular employees are stacked up with work and can't adhere to the project schedule. It's not even the rainy season - or what we used to qualify as the rainy season, as if we knew anything about it in the first place - but the storms are stacked up out over the Pacific like pool balls on a billiard table and not a pocket in sight. Almost 1,000 people reported symptoms, and although no one died, every one of the 125 beds in the town's only hospital was filled, and patients were stacked up in the corridors. 2Measure up; compare. 〈北美，非正式〉比得上；相比 our rural schools stack up well against their urban counterparts 我们的乡村学校完全可以比得上城里的同类学校。 Example sentencesExamples How does your pay stack up… when compared to other facility professionals? Wade is only one season into his tour of duty, but he is stacking up well in comparison to his predecessors. It allows schools to receive comparison and external reviews to see how the institutions stack up, Blood says. A look at how 1995 compares with other seasons shows how it stacks up against 1933 and other busy years. Find out how your income stacks up compared to the rest of the world. I wonder how other state champs would stack up if measured the same way! How does the Federal Reserve System stack up in comparison with other central banks? And some say our nightlife doesn't stack up when compared to Leeds. If funding is how the relative merits of departments and faculties were judged, then the humanities and social sciences stacked up poorly indeed compared to the practical disciplines. And how do they stack up compared to the rest of us on health care expenditures? 2.1usually with negativeMake sense; correspond to reality. 有道理；与事实相符 to blame the debacle on the antics of a rogue trader is not credible—it doesn't stack up 把失败归咎于无赖商人愚蠢操作是不可信的，这与事实不符。 Example sentencesExamples Any way you look at it, the statement just doesn't stack up. Sorry but what you said just doesn't stack up with the odds. Origin Middle English: from Old Norse stakkr ‘haystack’, of Germanic origin. noun.1 phr. phr.v.
随便看	prec precalculable precalculate precalculated precalculation precalculus Precambrian pre-Canaanite precancel precancell precancellation precancellation precancelled precancer precancerous precant precantation precapillary pre-carcinogen pre-carcinogenic precardiac precarial precariat precarious precariously