英语词汇“stem”的意思、释义、用法解释及翻译-春雷网

stem¹

nounPlural stems stɛmstɛm

1The main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.
（植物、灌木的）茎，干
Example sentencesExamples
- The cultivated plant is a small shrub with numerous stems (not a tree with a rounded head as it grows in the wild).
- What really hurts is if they lay eggs on the ground under the plant or on the stem at ground level.
- Keep the mulch two to three inches away from tree and shrub stems to prevent stem decay and pest problems.
- Cut back the old stems to around ground level then, and give the plants a feed.
- The damage usually starts out near the end of the branch and works its way toward the main stem of the plant.
- Egyptian papyrus was formed by cutting strips from the stems of the papyrus plant, placing them in layers, pounding, then drying them.
- Trim the leaves from the lower part of the stem, dip the end in rooting hormone powder or liquid and bury in the soil with about 8cm of stem showing above the ground.
- For best results apply mulch to a depth of least 15 cm thick, avoiding the area immediately around plant stems and tree trunks.
- Both the blue and the yellow have the classic, satiny translucent petals of the poppy tribe, both, characteristically, are held on wiry stems above the parent plant.
- Botanists have long noted the phenomenon of sap accumulation in tissue above a girdle or major wound in the woody stems of plants.
- For formal hedges, shorten main and secondary stems just before the plants begin their second season of growth.
- Part of the price cut stems from a new body welding line at the Kentucky plant that Toyota is adopting worldwide.
- Each of the crises listed above stems in some way from that willingness to think of our own particular interest as somehow divorced from that of everyone around us.
- Once plants had built strong stems and trunks, they could stand upright and reach for the sun.
- Older studies noted that runners, stolons or prostrate stems of many plants became more erect when shaded.
- In late autumn, cut down the stems to 6in above ground level when the leaves turn brown and lift the tubers as required.
- If the shrub is still too tall, cut back the stems to just above a strong side shoot.
- We conclude that number of stem segments on longest stems of plants was a good predictor of force necessary to remove terminal segments.
- Variables included the number of stems and percent plant cover in the shrub, subcanopy, and canopy layers.
- Cut back around a third of the oldest stems to just above ground level to encourage the production of new growth from the base of the plant.
Synonyms
trunk, stalk, stock, cane
technical peduncle
1. 1.1 The stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk.
  （支撑果实、花朵、叶子的）梗
  Example sentencesExamples
  The six common foliar diseases shown here affect primarily leaves and sometimes the fruits and stems.
  As they ooze from the pycnidia, they are splashed by rain onto the leaves, petioles and stems of newly emerged shoots.
  Avoid pruning leaves or stems while the fruit is ripening, and consider shading the fruit.
  This evergreen clematis is covered in perfumed, pink suffused white flowers in spring and needs a sheltered wall where stems, leaves and flowers can be in full sun with roots in shade.
  I watched one bee make a bad landing, slip off, fall backwards, bounce off a branch in the stem of the flower, and land on her back on the ground.
  They have alternate, elliptical, smooth-edged leaves growing on smooth stems bearing two or more flowers.
  Erythronium dens-canis is the true dog's tooth violet, the name comes from the shape of the corm, and has rose coloured flowers on 10 cm stems and purple marked leaves.
  Well, I was outside the shop sweeping the dead leaves and flower stems away into the street gutter, and He walked by.
  Koalas inhabit eucalyptus woodlands where they feed on eucalyptus leaves, stems, flowers, and bark.
  The female Thrypticus deposits an egg in a water-hyacinth petiole - the stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem.
  Middle portions of the stem show branch and leaf scars, which are disposed together in nodes.
  It relates to the disposition of leaves on a stem and seeds in a flower head.
  Symptoms include small black spots on leaves, petioles and stems of new shoots.
  The stems had one leaf at each node and apart from the flower branches the stems had no side shoots.
  Mature specimens develop a thick trunk and stems with leaves and flowers at the top of the plant, often too high for the gardener to enjoy.
  Long stems of summer flowering hardy jasmine that protrude from their support can be cut back to tidy them up.
  Like all grasses, sugar cane has a jointed stem, and its leaves and branches come from the shoots at each joint.
  Shoots were cut, divided into stems with broad leaves, tendrils, flowers, and fruits, dried and weighed separately.
  Vine with heart-shaped leaves attaches itself to a support by clasping leaf stems.
  A few members, such as Asparagus and Solomon's seal have leaves attached along the stem.
  Synonyms
  stalk, shoot, twig
  technical bine, pedicel, petiole, peduncle, axis
2A long, thin supportive or main section of something.
把，柄；干
the main stem of the wing feathers
翅膀羽毛的主干。
Example sentencesExamples
- And too, in the smallest of sizes, the rigid stem cams were easy to get stuck.
- Slide the nose of a rivet gun over the stem and squeeze the handle only until the rivet is secure.
- Basically, it is mainly pace and turbulence that determines whether a traditional stick or a wire stem is used.
- Hold the bar with your other hand near the stem to limit swerving as you reach down.
- The radiation of birds from the theropod stem may be an example of this sort of thing.
1. 2.1 The slender part of a wine glass between the base and the bowl.
  （酒杯杯身与底座之间的）柄脚
  her fingers tightened on the stem of her glass
  Example sentencesExamples
  He lowered his eyes to the table, anxiously fiddling with the stem of his wine glass.
  I fiddle with the stem of my wineglass, glancing around the restaurant at all the other happy couples.
  Recalling that dismal time, Iris stared at the crystal stem of her wine glass.
  Using acrylic paint and glass medium, paint a pattern along the stem and base of the glass and let it dry well before using.
  The form of this glass is characterized by an inverted perfect squat cone with ornamental glasswork where the cone meets the stem and the stem meets the base.
  The oldest surviving wine glass with a stem and foot are 15th century enameled goblets that holds more than four ounces of liquid.
  Broodingly, she twirled the stem of the wine glass between her fingers as the crimson wine twirled around dangerously close to rim of the glass.
  These little charms, when hung around the stem of a wine glass, personalize the drink and make it easy to decipher which wine glass is yours on a crowded cluttered party table.
  The wine glasses are very thin and delicate, with elegant slender stems and a simple, clean design.
  She fingered the stem of the wine glass and slowly brought her eyes up to his.
  Dani's fingers tighten around the stem of the wineglass she's holding.
  The wine and champagne glasses start from the geometric lines of a triangular diamond cut base, leading through to a bowl that mirrors the angles of the stem and triangular base.
  Mark shakes his head and looks away, running a finger up the stem of his empty wine glass.
  Kim sits across from me at the table, fingering the stem of her wineglass and giving me The Look.
  Wine glasses with green and cranberry-coloured bowls on clear stems also became popular at this time.
  On cut glass the foot may be so ornate that the mark may be placed at the top of the stem of a wineglass or at the base of a jog's handle.
2. 2.2 The tube of a tobacco pipe.
  烟斗柄
  Stanley eyed his father over the stem of his pipe
  Example sentencesExamples
  It originally hails from America where Native Americans used its hollowed-out stems as tobacco pipes and tubes.
3. 2.3 A rod or cylinder in a mechanism, for example the sliding shaft of a bolt or the winding pin of a watch.
  （机械装置的）阀杆，导杆，棒
  the stem of the bolt edged clear
  Example sentencesExamples
  The wheel is balanced when it spins down to a stop at random spots, rather than with the valve stem up.
  The red dot signifies that it's at the light spot, so line up the red dot with your valve stem.
  In a second position of the valve stem, the amount of aerosol disposed in the metering chamber is released.
  The electrical switches are initialized by an adjustable system, according to the random position of the valve stem when it is opened or closed.
  It does not improve the mechanical characteristics of the stem, but does improve shock damping.
  However, it sounds like the valve stem is worn and needs to be replaced.
  Carbon fiber cranks, wheels, handlebars, stems and saddles also abounded, and Campagnolo even has a carbon headset top cup.
  Orange scaffolding then appeared, looking much like oversized staples, either stem bolted into a brick.
  The simplistic rubber plug for the presta only valve stems makes it so easy to use.
  The change stems in part from mechanical adjustments.
  The normal transfer of motion from a cam lobe to a valve stem is there by interrupted.
  The stem makes a nice little handle to hold on to.
  The adjustment of the system allows for flexibility and use on a wide range of valve stems with various stroke lengths.
  All four heads use a patented feeding mechanism that keeps the feed rollers centred on the stem as the diameter changes.
  I then cut and filed the excess length off the bolts so that the stems and nuts are not apparent any more.
  Hold a container under the valve and turn the valve stem about a half turn or until air and water flows out.
  The left valve became an elongate stem anchored in the sea floor.
  Just wanted to say thanks for your help - it worked and I've ordered new bolts for my salvaged stem.
  It does not improve the mechanical characteristics of the stem, but it does improve shock damping.
  It uses a by-now obligatory two-bolt detachable faceplate for easy bar swapping, and a unique opposing bolt clamp on the stem.
4. 2.4 A vertical stroke in a letter or musical note.
  （文字的）干线；（音符的）符干
  Example sentencesExamples
  For example, the addition of a stem carries no essential meaning that requires a minim to last half as long as a semibreve, but convention dictates it.
  LiquidTrax provides music editors with the ability to mix their own custom score using four stems from a stock piece of music.
  The writing is never less than neat, but sometimes the vertical strokes - stems and long rests - waver as if written by a shaking hand.
3Grammar
The root or main part of a word, to which inflections or formative elements are added.
〔语法〕词干
Example sentencesExamples
- This is a scientific term derived by making an English plural from octopod, which is the bare stem of the Greek word, not its singular.
- A typical Ojibwa sentence contains a multipart verb, the core meaning of which is carried by a verb stem, itself composed of meaningful elements.
- Vary site descriptions by using word stems and related keywords.
- There are a few other English words (neither, nor, none) which appear to consist of a stem prefixed with the negative morpheme n.
1. 3.1archaic, literary The main line of descent of a family or nation.
  〈古或诗/文〉家谱，系谱；血统
  the Hellenic tribes were derived from the Aryan stem
  那些希腊部落起源于雅利安血统。
4The main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship, to which the ship's sides are joined at the front end.
船头，艏；艏材，艏柱
the spines and bow stems of abandoned hulks
Example sentencesExamples
- Experts who have been diving to the wreck off Portsmouth for the last month have excavated a five-metre-long piece of wood which they believe is the front stem of the ship's keel.
- These will be carried on two cargo decks designed for roll-on, roll-off cargo handling through the stem.
- We would then come up the stem of the ship for a landing.
- The political outrage over the choice of shipyard stems from the fact that it is in the backyard of the former senate majority leader Trent Lott.
- From stem to stern, your ship will be held together by a thick cable woven from the most tenacious strands of grass we can find.
- The rescue lasted for about two hours and the crew worked for much of the time waist deep in water as the waves broke over the stem of the lifeboat.
- Standing at the stem and watching her wide wake stretch to the horizon is a favorite pastime.
- So a team from the dock came on-board and inspected the ship, stem to stern.
5US informal A pipe used for smoking crack or opium.
〈美，非正式〉鸦片烟枪

verbstemming, stems, stemmed stɛmstɛm

1stem fromno object Originate in or be caused by.
起源于
many of the universities' problems stem from rapid expansion
大学的许多问题来源于快速扩张。
Example sentencesExamples
- The university has said its problems stem from a lack of Government funding.
- Val Pellice produces a speciality cheese, the origins of which stem from the early Middle Ages when occasional Saracenic groups ventured into the Alps.
- The interest in gaining control of Jurys is thought to stem from its valuable land bank, particularly a seven acre site in the Ballsbridge area of Dublin, which is home to three hotels.
- Do her fears stem from difficulties inherent in conducting a relationship in the public eye?
- The university has said any problems stem from a lack of Government funding.
- It is time Canadians demand that governments stop pretending that these policies stem from economic facts and influence only economic issues.
- The problems stem from the need to have detailed security checks made on paid staff and volunteers at schemes run by the charity, which comes into contact with thousands of youngsters across the county.
- The band's origins stem from Edwards wanting to create a big band to perform improvised or free music, which is still anchored in some way, by a structure.
- This result could stem from the landlord's perception of having contracted a good manager.
- Both peoples continue to draw on traditional Balkan stereotypes, which were reinforced in the recent Socialist era but which stem from much older folk memories.
- Its origins stem from 1898, when a Maj Davidson of the US army bolted a machine gun to a 3-cylinder car.
- While being kind to animals sometimes springs from having a gentle heart, it can also stem from a fear of being punished if animals are treated badly.
- I had my best results at a grand slam and my best memories stem from Wimbledon.
- Part of the disaffection with the local Labour campaign also seems to stem from a feeling in some quarters, reported to this website, that it was ‘intimidatory’.
- A great part of the student misgivings may stem from a difference between people's preconceptions of what co-op is like and what they actually experience.
- It is not a coincidence that suddenly today more and more children are turning up with reading disabilities that stem from a difficulty to process language.
- This surprising result could possibly stem from the fact that the latter placed higher emphasis on internationalization in general.
- The first and most common reason for recycling, that we need to conserve landfill capacity, seems to stem from the misconception that we are running out of space in which to bury our rubbish.
- Many of the difficulties stem from continually falling prices.
- But the Home Office's difficulties here will stem from its belated discovery of the need to bolt aspects of the right kind of ID system onto the wrong one.
Synonyms
have its origins in, arise from, originate from, spring from, derive from, come from, be rooted in, emanate from, issue from, flow from, proceed from, result from, be consequent on
be caused by, be brought on/about by, be produced by
2with object Remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves)
去掉（水果、烟叶的）干（或茎、梗）
her aunt and her mother were stemming currants on the side porch
Example sentencesExamples
- The perfect knife for hunting is different than the one used for stemming strawberries.
- Mint is not to be stemmed to keep the leaves from clogging the teapot spout.
- They will love making thumbprints in the cookies but might have trouble sitting still for less glamorous tasks like stemming cherry tomatoes.
3with object (of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current)
（船）逆流而行
if the wind will only freshen a little, we shall be able to stem the first of the flood
Example sentencesExamples
- To stem the tide, so to speak, the Pebble Beach Company has undertaken major projects at major expense.
- But he, like Canute, will not stem the spring tide

Phrases

from stem to stern

From the front to the back, especially of a ship.
从头到尾；从船头到船尾
surges of water rocked their boats from stem to stern
汹涌的潮水使船从头到尾摇晃起来。
Example sentencesExamples
- Lying in 20 metres of water she is perfect from stem to stern with the exception of her superstructure which has been wiped from the upper deck in its entirety.
- I followed sailors from both countries as tours were given from stem to stern on board HMS Portland.
- At that moment a heavy wave struck the ship, smashing plates in the mess and shaking the ship from stem to stern, causing much hilarity in the mess; but up on deck poor Winton had vanished.
- The harbor is filled every day with all manner of sleek vessels - from 10-foot kayaks, to 30-foot sloops, to oceangoing cargo ships that stretch almost 1,000 feet from stem to stern.
- Both handmaids bounced about the ship from stem to stern and port to starboard, finding myriad wonders in the azure blue sea: porpoises, jellyfish, the wave of the sea cut by the prow or the foam of the ship's wake.
- Then a massive explosion rips through the shuttle bay, rocking the ship from stem to stern.
- At twenty-five metres from stem to stern it wasn't a small vessel.
- On this first dive we wanted to do a general sweep from stem to stern to assess the wreck's condition.
- Slowly but steadily I work from stem to stern, seeking out all the tiny matted bits under her arms and down her tummy that have evaded the brush and set up colonies during the warm weather.
- We sailed on into the dreaded Bay of Biscay, anticipating the worst, expecting mountainous waves to wash down the decks from stem to stern and ourselves to be battened down below hatches.

Derivatives

stemless

adjective

The Haworthia attenuata has a stemless rosette of really tough dark green leaves that have bands of glistening white tubercles.
Example sentencesExamples
- The invertebrate fauna includes many planktonic forms, particularly jellyfish and the stemless crinoid Saccoma, and also nektonic organisms such as cephalopods.
- The flights are served in stemless glasses - three champagnes and a Perrier water - held by a silver stand.
- The popular vigorous variety ‘Superba’ can be invasive with large, rich violet flowers on stems up to 80 cm high, while C.glomerata acaulis is virtually stemless, growing to only 15 cm.
- The fruit is round, and almost stemless: light green when underripe, and ripening to a whitish or dull yellowish-green, or occasionally red.

stem-like

adjective

One hand was outstretched to support the instrument by the stem-like projection, the body half tucked under his arm while his fingers danced swiftly over the taut strings.
Example sentencesExamples
- For example, unlike vascular plants, mosses form simple leaf- and stem-like organs in their gametophyte generation.
- In some cases the leaf may be very stem-like.
- In terms of tumors, it's known that stem-like cells have characteristics much like cancer cells.
- As the ovary transformed into a fruit, the activity of the vascular cambium resulted in the formation of a stem-like structure with a woody central cylinder surrounded by secondary phloem.

Origin

Old English stemn, stefn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stam and German Stamm. sense 4 of the noun is related to Dutch steven, German Steven.

Rhymes

ahem, Belém, Clem, condemn, contemn, crème de la crème, em, gem, hem, Jem, LibDem, phlegm, pro tem, rem, Shem, them

stem²

verbstemming, stems, stemmed stɛmstɛm

1with object Stop or restrict (the flow of something)
堵住，塞住；制止（流动）
a nurse did her best to stem the bleeding
那护士竭尽全力来止血。
Example sentencesExamples
- Potter confessed City's second-half showing could not match that of the first but believed Radcliffe deserved credit for stemming the flow of goals conceded before grabbing a late consolation ten minutes from time.
- The UN Security Council approved a resolution permitting a US-led military intervention to stem the refugee flows and restore stability in northern Iraq.
- According to one British expert, had the Prestige been accompanied into a nearby port after its initial pleas, calmer seas would have stemmed the spill and allowed the oil to be removed from the tanker.
- We created an outside stop tap to stem the flow and then covered the hole over with boarding as a temporary measure.
- There should be a right of intervention where it is necessary to stem large scale loss of life and to provide urgent protection against brutality and ethnic cleansing.
- Yew Tree Tarn, near Coniston, is in line for a £37, 500 revamp which is aimed at stemming the flow of water from the dam - which has been built on a geological fault.
- Violent and disruptive pupils could be offered psychotherapy in a controversial new move to stem the rising tide of indiscipline in Scotland's schools.
- It is a low tech but highly effective way of stemming the flow of illegal immigrants into this country.
- Another area of co-operation was predicated on Bulgaria's strategic location as a gateway to Europe, meaning that it had a key role in stemming the illegal flows of drugs, arms and human trafficking.
- Nor should it be viewed as a matter of stemming the flow of scientists overseas, as Queensland's Premier, Peter Beattie, gratuitously implied.
- The Royal Navy will attempt to stem the flow of oil from the sunken Royal Oak battleship by carrying out tests on a replica of the vessel.
- But that only temporarily stemmed the flow of goals and Steve Carson made it four after 33 minutes before Rankin added a fifth minutes later.
- However the copious amount of alcohol flowing freely stemmed any negative thoughts on the day, and everyone had a top time.
- The French embassy said it was unbiased guidance for French companies who were thinking of moving; others, like Cadic, saw it as a thinly veiled attempt to stem the flow.
- Hawass says global efforts to stem illicit trade in antiquities are starting to bear fruit.
- It also suggests that they would be willing to put their money where their mouths are when it comes to stemming the flow of pollution from the 150 million plastic carrier bags used in the United Kingdom each week.
- First and the foremost, stem the population explosion, the mother of all ills.
- Two fine run-outs stemmed the flow and left the impression that the visitors' eventual 139/9 was ten runs short of a potentially winning total.
- Swan played a major role in stemming the flow of goals conceded at the end of last season and was rewarded with a new one-year contract over the summer.
- A new offence will also be created of using children or innocent parties to hide or carry knives or guns, in an attempt to stem the rising violent crime statistics.
Synonyms
staunch, stop, halt, check, hold back, restrain, restrict, control, contain, curb
block, dam
slow, lessen, reduce, diminish, retard
North American stanch
archaic stay
1. 1.1 Stop the spread or development of (something undesirable)
  遏制，制止
  an attempt to stem the rising tide of unemployment
  遏制失业势头上升的努力。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The spurious argument that Lewin was ineffective in stemming crime is so openly dishonest that Jamaicans like myself have started to tune out.
  To succeed, Mr. Obama said, the administration's plan must include bailing out banks to get credit flowing and stemming the tide of home foreclosures that have swept the country.
  The chair, a local journalist, fails to stem the tide of ever more dull questions.
  Yet there appears to be no effective means to stem its activities.
  The steelband movement is strategically poised to play a useful role in stemming the crime rate in T & T.
  The company is expected to announce an alliance with that company in an attempt to stem the defection of customers to the cable companies.
  Stemming this problem and the spread of HIV among black college students won't be easy.
  If giving advice, advisers will have to consider whether you can afford the mortgage, in an attempt to stem irresponsible lending.
  Sadly, my vet did not iodine the umbilical cords, and I lost three to bacterial septicemia before IV antibiotics stemmed the tide.
  Even "Trojan" buses packed with police failed to stem the problem.
  Christine Rankin alone will not be able to single-handedly stem the tide of political correctness at the Families Commission.
  Finding ways to control costs associated with healthcare delivery will be critical to Obama's efforts to stem the tide of the current global recession.
  Policy can and should be focused on stemming the tide of relationship breakdown.
  The budget was therefore crucial to the ruling coalition, particularly the JVP, to stem a collapse of popular support.
  For all their usefulness, Blackmore concedes his engineering marvels do little more than buy scientists the time to work out how to permanently stem the salt bleeding from the landscape.
  To stem the flow, AMD is expected to renegotiate millions in debt coming due over the next four years.
  But even these statements are generally qualified by the admission that such measures have thus far failed to stem the recurrence of such bloody incidents.
  The various state governments' reluctance to switch over to VAT was stemmed by the fear of loss of revenues.
2Skiing
no object Slide the tail of one ski or both skis outwards in order to turn or slow down.
〔滑雪〕向外转动（滑雪屐）以便转弯（或减速）
I side-slipped at first, grew tired of it, and stemmed for a while

Origin

Middle English (in the sense 'to stop, delay'): from Old Norse stemma, of Germanic origin. The skiing term (early 20th century) is from the German verb stemmen.

STEM³

abbreviation

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (as an educational category)
the academy is seeking to appoint a Teaching and Learning Coordinator for STEM subjects
Example sentencesExamples
- In executive/managerial, professional and STEM occupations, however, the trend is the opposite; the wage gap between men and women actually grew between 1995 and 2003.
- Women and minorities are distinguished by their lack of presence in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines.
- Between 1985 and 2000 the number of baccalaureate degrees in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields, excluding biology, fell by 18.6 percent.
- Specifically, we concentrate on K-12 science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) learning experiences for students and teachers.
- Young people need to have clear awareness of the wide range of worthwhile and remunerative careers to which STEM subjects can lead.
- We must encourage more students to choose STEM options at 14, 16 and 18.
- There is tremendous interest in the STEM community in working with Government to encourage more young people to opt for STEM, and we are responding to this.
- Perhaps most notable is the lower representation of these groups in doctoral degrees overall, but particularly in the STEM disciplines.
- The under-representation of girls in physics post-16 is a serious issue for the UK and in particular for the STEM community.
- One of the major initiatives of the Institute is to encourage more blind people to study and pursue careers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).

stem¹

nounstemstɛm

1The main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.
（植物、灌木的）茎，干
Example sentencesExamples
- Both the blue and the yellow have the classic, satiny translucent petals of the poppy tribe, both, characteristically, are held on wiry stems above the parent plant.
- Part of the price cut stems from a new body welding line at the Kentucky plant that Toyota is adopting worldwide.
- Cut back around a third of the oldest stems to just above ground level to encourage the production of new growth from the base of the plant.
- Older studies noted that runners, stolons or prostrate stems of many plants became more erect when shaded.
- Keep the mulch two to three inches away from tree and shrub stems to prevent stem decay and pest problems.
- If the shrub is still too tall, cut back the stems to just above a strong side shoot.
- The cultivated plant is a small shrub with numerous stems (not a tree with a rounded head as it grows in the wild).
- Egyptian papyrus was formed by cutting strips from the stems of the papyrus plant, placing them in layers, pounding, then drying them.
- We conclude that number of stem segments on longest stems of plants was a good predictor of force necessary to remove terminal segments.
- Once plants had built strong stems and trunks, they could stand upright and reach for the sun.
- Variables included the number of stems and percent plant cover in the shrub, subcanopy, and canopy layers.
- For formal hedges, shorten main and secondary stems just before the plants begin their second season of growth.
- Each of the crises listed above stems in some way from that willingness to think of our own particular interest as somehow divorced from that of everyone around us.
- Trim the leaves from the lower part of the stem, dip the end in rooting hormone powder or liquid and bury in the soil with about 8cm of stem showing above the ground.
- In late autumn, cut down the stems to 6in above ground level when the leaves turn brown and lift the tubers as required.
- For best results apply mulch to a depth of least 15 cm thick, avoiding the area immediately around plant stems and tree trunks.
- The damage usually starts out near the end of the branch and works its way toward the main stem of the plant.
- Botanists have long noted the phenomenon of sap accumulation in tissue above a girdle or major wound in the woody stems of plants.
- Cut back the old stems to around ground level then, and give the plants a feed.
- What really hurts is if they lay eggs on the ground under the plant or on the stem at ground level.
Synonyms
trunk, stalk, stock, cane
1. 1.1 The stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk.
  （支撑果实、花朵、叶子的）梗
  Example sentencesExamples
  The stems had one leaf at each node and apart from the flower branches the stems had no side shoots.
  This evergreen clematis is covered in perfumed, pink suffused white flowers in spring and needs a sheltered wall where stems, leaves and flowers can be in full sun with roots in shade.
  Middle portions of the stem show branch and leaf scars, which are disposed together in nodes.
  Koalas inhabit eucalyptus woodlands where they feed on eucalyptus leaves, stems, flowers, and bark.
  It relates to the disposition of leaves on a stem and seeds in a flower head.
  The six common foliar diseases shown here affect primarily leaves and sometimes the fruits and stems.
  Mature specimens develop a thick trunk and stems with leaves and flowers at the top of the plant, often too high for the gardener to enjoy.
  Symptoms include small black spots on leaves, petioles and stems of new shoots.
  Well, I was outside the shop sweeping the dead leaves and flower stems away into the street gutter, and He walked by.
  Long stems of summer flowering hardy jasmine that protrude from their support can be cut back to tidy them up.
  Vine with heart-shaped leaves attaches itself to a support by clasping leaf stems.
  Avoid pruning leaves or stems while the fruit is ripening, and consider shading the fruit.
  As they ooze from the pycnidia, they are splashed by rain onto the leaves, petioles and stems of newly emerged shoots.
  The female Thrypticus deposits an egg in a water-hyacinth petiole - the stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem.
  They have alternate, elliptical, smooth-edged leaves growing on smooth stems bearing two or more flowers.
  Like all grasses, sugar cane has a jointed stem, and its leaves and branches come from the shoots at each joint.
  Shoots were cut, divided into stems with broad leaves, tendrils, flowers, and fruits, dried and weighed separately.
  Erythronium dens-canis is the true dog's tooth violet, the name comes from the shape of the corm, and has rose coloured flowers on 10 cm stems and purple marked leaves.
  A few members, such as Asparagus and Solomon's seal have leaves attached along the stem.
  I watched one bee make a bad landing, slip off, fall backwards, bounce off a branch in the stem of the flower, and land on her back on the ground.
  Synonyms
  stalk, shoot, twig
2A long, thin supportive or main section of something.
把，柄；干
the main stem of the wing feathers
翅膀羽毛的主干。
Example sentencesExamples
- And too, in the smallest of sizes, the rigid stem cams were easy to get stuck.
- Basically, it is mainly pace and turbulence that determines whether a traditional stick or a wire stem is used.
- Slide the nose of a rivet gun over the stem and squeeze the handle only until the rivet is secure.
- Hold the bar with your other hand near the stem to limit swerving as you reach down.
- The radiation of birds from the theropod stem may be an example of this sort of thing.
1. 2.1 The slender part of a wineglass between the base and the bowl.
  （酒杯杯身与底座之间的）柄脚
  Example sentencesExamples
  The form of this glass is characterized by an inverted perfect squat cone with ornamental glasswork where the cone meets the stem and the stem meets the base.
  The oldest surviving wine glass with a stem and foot are 15th century enameled goblets that holds more than four ounces of liquid.
  Kim sits across from me at the table, fingering the stem of her wineglass and giving me The Look.
  Mark shakes his head and looks away, running a finger up the stem of his empty wine glass.
  Recalling that dismal time, Iris stared at the crystal stem of her wine glass.
  She fingered the stem of the wine glass and slowly brought her eyes up to his.
  The wine glasses are very thin and delicate, with elegant slender stems and a simple, clean design.
  Wine glasses with green and cranberry-coloured bowls on clear stems also became popular at this time.
  On cut glass the foot may be so ornate that the mark may be placed at the top of the stem of a wineglass or at the base of a jog's handle.
  He lowered his eyes to the table, anxiously fiddling with the stem of his wine glass.
  Dani's fingers tighten around the stem of the wineglass she's holding.
  Broodingly, she twirled the stem of the wine glass between her fingers as the crimson wine twirled around dangerously close to rim of the glass.
  The wine and champagne glasses start from the geometric lines of a triangular diamond cut base, leading through to a bowl that mirrors the angles of the stem and triangular base.
  These little charms, when hung around the stem of a wine glass, personalize the drink and make it easy to decipher which wine glass is yours on a crowded cluttered party table.
  I fiddle with the stem of my wineglass, glancing around the restaurant at all the other happy couples.
  Using acrylic paint and glass medium, paint a pattern along the stem and base of the glass and let it dry well before using.
2. 2.2 The tube of a tobacco pipe.
  烟斗柄
  Example sentencesExamples
  It originally hails from America where Native Americans used its hollowed-out stems as tobacco pipes and tubes.
3. 2.3 A rod or cylinder in a mechanism, for example the sliding shaft of a bolt or the winding pin of a watch.
  （机械装置的）阀杆，导杆，棒
  Example sentencesExamples
  Hold a container under the valve and turn the valve stem about a half turn or until air and water flows out.
  It does not improve the mechanical characteristics of the stem, but does improve shock damping.
  Carbon fiber cranks, wheels, handlebars, stems and saddles also abounded, and Campagnolo even has a carbon headset top cup.
  The normal transfer of motion from a cam lobe to a valve stem is there by interrupted.
  I then cut and filed the excess length off the bolts so that the stems and nuts are not apparent any more.
  The wheel is balanced when it spins down to a stop at random spots, rather than with the valve stem up.
  Orange scaffolding then appeared, looking much like oversized staples, either stem bolted into a brick.
  All four heads use a patented feeding mechanism that keeps the feed rollers centred on the stem as the diameter changes.
  The adjustment of the system allows for flexibility and use on a wide range of valve stems with various stroke lengths.
  It uses a by-now obligatory two-bolt detachable faceplate for easy bar swapping, and a unique opposing bolt clamp on the stem.
  The simplistic rubber plug for the presta only valve stems makes it so easy to use.
  The left valve became an elongate stem anchored in the sea floor.
  However, it sounds like the valve stem is worn and needs to be replaced.
  The change stems in part from mechanical adjustments.
  The stem makes a nice little handle to hold on to.
  In a second position of the valve stem, the amount of aerosol disposed in the metering chamber is released.
  The red dot signifies that it's at the light spot, so line up the red dot with your valve stem.
  The electrical switches are initialized by an adjustable system, according to the random position of the valve stem when it is opened or closed.
  It does not improve the mechanical characteristics of the stem, but it does improve shock damping.
  Just wanted to say thanks for your help - it worked and I've ordered new bolts for my salvaged stem.
4. 2.4 A vertical stroke in a letter or musical note.
  （文字的）干线；（音符的）符干
  Example sentencesExamples
  LiquidTrax provides music editors with the ability to mix their own custom score using four stems from a stock piece of music.
  For example, the addition of a stem carries no essential meaning that requires a minim to last half as long as a semibreve, but convention dictates it.
  The writing is never less than neat, but sometimes the vertical strokes - stems and long rests - waver as if written by a shaking hand.
3Grammar
The root or main part of a noun, adjective, or other word, to which inflections or formative elements are added.
〔语法〕词干
Example sentencesExamples
- This is a scientific term derived by making an English plural from octopod, which is the bare stem of the Greek word, not its singular.
- Vary site descriptions by using word stems and related keywords.
- A typical Ojibwa sentence contains a multipart verb, the core meaning of which is carried by a verb stem, itself composed of meaningful elements.
- There are a few other English words (neither, nor, none) which appear to consist of a stem prefixed with the negative morpheme n.
1. 3.1literary, archaic The main line of descent of a family or nation.
  〈古或诗/文〉家谱，系谱；血统
  the Hellenic tribes were derived from the Aryan stem
  那些希腊部落起源于雅利安血统。
4The main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship, to which the ship's sides are joined.
船头，艏；艏材，艏柱
Example sentencesExamples
- The political outrage over the choice of shipyard stems from the fact that it is in the backyard of the former senate majority leader Trent Lott.
- The rescue lasted for about two hours and the crew worked for much of the time waist deep in water as the waves broke over the stem of the lifeboat.
- From stem to stern, your ship will be held together by a thick cable woven from the most tenacious strands of grass we can find.
- We would then come up the stem of the ship for a landing.
- These will be carried on two cargo decks designed for roll-on, roll-off cargo handling through the stem.
- So a team from the dock came on-board and inspected the ship, stem to stern.
- Experts who have been diving to the wreck off Portsmouth for the last month have excavated a five-metre-long piece of wood which they believe is the front stem of the ship's keel.
- Standing at the stem and watching her wide wake stretch to the horizon is a favorite pastime.
5US informal A pipe used for smoking crack or opium.
〈美，非正式〉鸦片烟枪

verbstemstɛm

1stem fromno object Originate in or be caused by.
起源于
many of the universities' problems stem from rapid expansion
大学的许多问题来源于快速扩张。
Example sentencesExamples
- A great part of the student misgivings may stem from a difference between people's preconceptions of what co-op is like and what they actually experience.
- While being kind to animals sometimes springs from having a gentle heart, it can also stem from a fear of being punished if animals are treated badly.
- I had my best results at a grand slam and my best memories stem from Wimbledon.
- It is not a coincidence that suddenly today more and more children are turning up with reading disabilities that stem from a difficulty to process language.
- Part of the disaffection with the local Labour campaign also seems to stem from a feeling in some quarters, reported to this website, that it was ‘intimidatory’.
- The band's origins stem from Edwards wanting to create a big band to perform improvised or free music, which is still anchored in some way, by a structure.
- Do her fears stem from difficulties inherent in conducting a relationship in the public eye?
- Both peoples continue to draw on traditional Balkan stereotypes, which were reinforced in the recent Socialist era but which stem from much older folk memories.
- But the Home Office's difficulties here will stem from its belated discovery of the need to bolt aspects of the right kind of ID system onto the wrong one.
- It is time Canadians demand that governments stop pretending that these policies stem from economic facts and influence only economic issues.
- The problems stem from the need to have detailed security checks made on paid staff and volunteers at schemes run by the charity, which comes into contact with thousands of youngsters across the county.
- Its origins stem from 1898, when a Maj Davidson of the US army bolted a machine gun to a 3-cylinder car.
- The university has said its problems stem from a lack of Government funding.
- Val Pellice produces a speciality cheese, the origins of which stem from the early Middle Ages when occasional Saracenic groups ventured into the Alps.
- The university has said any problems stem from a lack of Government funding.
- This result could stem from the landlord's perception of having contracted a good manager.
- This surprising result could possibly stem from the fact that the latter placed higher emphasis on internationalization in general.
- Many of the difficulties stem from continually falling prices.
- The first and most common reason for recycling, that we need to conserve landfill capacity, seems to stem from the misconception that we are running out of space in which to bury our rubbish.
- The interest in gaining control of Jurys is thought to stem from its valuable land bank, particularly a seven acre site in the Ballsbridge area of Dublin, which is home to three hotels.
Synonyms
have its origins in, arise from, originate from, spring from, derive from, come from, be rooted in, emanate from, issue from, flow from, proceed from, result from, be consequent on
2with object Remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves).
去掉（水果、烟叶的）干（或茎、梗）
Example sentencesExamples
- Mint is not to be stemmed to keep the leaves from clogging the teapot spout.
- They will love making thumbprints in the cookies but might have trouble sitting still for less glamorous tasks like stemming cherry tomatoes.
- The perfect knife for hunting is different than the one used for stemming strawberries.
3with object (of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current).
（船）逆流而行
Example sentencesExamples
- But he, like Canute, will not stem the spring tide
- To stem the tide, so to speak, the Pebble Beach Company has undertaken major projects at major expense.

Phrases

from stem to stern

1From the front to the back, especially of a ship.
从头到尾；从船头到船尾
surges of water rocked their boats from stem to stern
汹涌的潮水使船从头到尾摇晃起来。
Example sentencesExamples
- We sailed on into the dreaded Bay of Biscay, anticipating the worst, expecting mountainous waves to wash down the decks from stem to stern and ourselves to be battened down below hatches.
- Then a massive explosion rips through the shuttle bay, rocking the ship from stem to stern.
- I followed sailors from both countries as tours were given from stem to stern on board HMS Portland.
- Both handmaids bounced about the ship from stem to stern and port to starboard, finding myriad wonders in the azure blue sea: porpoises, jellyfish, the wave of the sea cut by the prow or the foam of the ship's wake.
- Lying in 20 metres of water she is perfect from stem to stern with the exception of her superstructure which has been wiped from the upper deck in its entirety.
- At that moment a heavy wave struck the ship, smashing plates in the mess and shaking the ship from stem to stern, causing much hilarity in the mess; but up on deck poor Winton had vanished.
- At twenty-five metres from stem to stern it wasn't a small vessel.
- The harbor is filled every day with all manner of sleek vessels - from 10-foot kayaks, to 30-foot sloops, to oceangoing cargo ships that stretch almost 1,000 feet from stem to stern.
- On this first dive we wanted to do a general sweep from stem to stern to assess the wreck's condition.
- Slowly but steadily I work from stem to stern, seeking out all the tiny matted bits under her arms and down her tummy that have evaded the brush and set up colonies during the warm weather.
1. 1.1Along the entire length of something; throughout.
  the album is a joy from stem to stern
  Example sentencesExamples
  Not only is it needle-like from stem to stern, but also it has an awful lot of length both in front and back of where the crew sits.
  Not only is it needle-like from stem to stern, but it has an awful lot of length both in front and back of where the crew sits.

Origin

Old English stemn, stefn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stam and German Stamm. stem (sense 4 of the noun) is related to Dutch steven, German Steven.

stem²

verbstemstɛm

1with object Stop or restrict (the flow of something)
堵住，塞住；制止（流动）
a nurse did her best to stem the bleeding
那护士竭尽全力来止血。
Example sentencesExamples
- However the copious amount of alcohol flowing freely stemmed any negative thoughts on the day, and everyone had a top time.
- It is a low tech but highly effective way of stemming the flow of illegal immigrants into this country.
- We created an outside stop tap to stem the flow and then covered the hole over with boarding as a temporary measure.
- Swan played a major role in stemming the flow of goals conceded at the end of last season and was rewarded with a new one-year contract over the summer.
- Hawass says global efforts to stem illicit trade in antiquities are starting to bear fruit.
- There should be a right of intervention where it is necessary to stem large scale loss of life and to provide urgent protection against brutality and ethnic cleansing.
- A new offence will also be created of using children or innocent parties to hide or carry knives or guns, in an attempt to stem the rising violent crime statistics.
- Potter confessed City's second-half showing could not match that of the first but believed Radcliffe deserved credit for stemming the flow of goals conceded before grabbing a late consolation ten minutes from time.
- According to one British expert, had the Prestige been accompanied into a nearby port after its initial pleas, calmer seas would have stemmed the spill and allowed the oil to be removed from the tanker.
- The UN Security Council approved a resolution permitting a US-led military intervention to stem the refugee flows and restore stability in northern Iraq.
- First and the foremost, stem the population explosion, the mother of all ills.
- Two fine run-outs stemmed the flow and left the impression that the visitors' eventual 139/9 was ten runs short of a potentially winning total.
- But that only temporarily stemmed the flow of goals and Steve Carson made it four after 33 minutes before Rankin added a fifth minutes later.
- Another area of co-operation was predicated on Bulgaria's strategic location as a gateway to Europe, meaning that it had a key role in stemming the illegal flows of drugs, arms and human trafficking.
- The Royal Navy will attempt to stem the flow of oil from the sunken Royal Oak battleship by carrying out tests on a replica of the vessel.
- It also suggests that they would be willing to put their money where their mouths are when it comes to stemming the flow of pollution from the 150 million plastic carrier bags used in the United Kingdom each week.
- Yew Tree Tarn, near Coniston, is in line for a £37, 500 revamp which is aimed at stemming the flow of water from the dam - which has been built on a geological fault.
- The French embassy said it was unbiased guidance for French companies who were thinking of moving; others, like Cadic, saw it as a thinly veiled attempt to stem the flow.
- Violent and disruptive pupils could be offered psychotherapy in a controversial new move to stem the rising tide of indiscipline in Scotland's schools.
- Nor should it be viewed as a matter of stemming the flow of scientists overseas, as Queensland's Premier, Peter Beattie, gratuitously implied.
Synonyms
staunch, stop, halt, check, hold back, restrain, restrict, control, contain, curb
1. 1.1 Stop the spread or development of (something undesirable)
  遏制，制止
  an attempt to stem the rising tide of unemployment
  遏制失业势头上升的努力。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Finding ways to control costs associated with healthcare delivery will be critical to Obama's efforts to stem the tide of the current global recession.
  Policy can and should be focused on stemming the tide of relationship breakdown.
  Christine Rankin alone will not be able to single-handedly stem the tide of political correctness at the Families Commission.
  To stem the flow, AMD is expected to renegotiate millions in debt coming due over the next four years.
  The budget was therefore crucial to the ruling coalition, particularly the JVP, to stem a collapse of popular support.
  The company is expected to announce an alliance with that company in an attempt to stem the defection of customers to the cable companies.
  The various state governments' reluctance to switch over to VAT was stemmed by the fear of loss of revenues.
  Stemming this problem and the spread of HIV among black college students won't be easy.
  But even these statements are generally qualified by the admission that such measures have thus far failed to stem the recurrence of such bloody incidents.
  Yet there appears to be no effective means to stem its activities.
  The chair, a local journalist, fails to stem the tide of ever more dull questions.
  Even "Trojan" buses packed with police failed to stem the problem.
  For all their usefulness, Blackmore concedes his engineering marvels do little more than buy scientists the time to work out how to permanently stem the salt bleeding from the landscape.
  To succeed, Mr. Obama said, the administration's plan must include bailing out banks to get credit flowing and stemming the tide of home foreclosures that have swept the country.
  If giving advice, advisers will have to consider whether you can afford the mortgage, in an attempt to stem irresponsible lending.
  Sadly, my vet did not iodine the umbilical cords, and I lost three to bacterial septicemia before IV antibiotics stemmed the tide.
  The steelband movement is strategically poised to play a useful role in stemming the crime rate in T & T.
  The spurious argument that Lewin was ineffective in stemming crime is so openly dishonest that Jamaicans like myself have started to tune out.
2Skiing
no object Slide the tail of one ski or both skis outward in order to turn or slow down.
〔滑雪〕向外转动（滑雪屐）以便转弯（或减速）

Origin

Middle English (in the sense ‘to stop, delay’): from Old Norse stemma, of Germanic origin. The skiing term (early 20th century) is from the German verb stemmen.

STEM³

abbreviation

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (as an educational category)
the academy is seeking to appoint a Teaching and Learning Coordinator for STEM subjects
Example sentencesExamples
- There is tremendous interest in the STEM community in working with Government to encourage more young people to opt for STEM, and we are responding to this.
- Specifically, we concentrate on K-12 science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) learning experiences for students and teachers.
- Women and minorities are distinguished by their lack of presence in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines.
- We must encourage more students to choose STEM options at 14, 16 and 18.
- Young people need to have clear awareness of the wide range of worthwhile and remunerative careers to which STEM subjects can lead.
- In executive/managerial, professional and STEM occupations, however, the trend is the opposite; the wage gap between men and women actually grew between 1995 and 2003.
- One of the major initiatives of the Institute is to encourage more blind people to study and pursue careers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).
- The under-representation of girls in physics post-16 is a serious issue for the UK and in particular for the STEM community.
- Between 1985 and 2000 the number of baccalaureate degrees in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields, excluding biology, fell by 18.6 percent.
- Perhaps most notable is the lower representation of these groups in doctoral degrees overall, but particularly in the STEM disciplines.

词汇	stem
释义	stem¹ nounPlural stems stɛmstɛm 1The main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean. （植物、灌木的）茎，干 Example sentencesExamples The cultivated plant is a small shrub with numerous stems (not a tree with a rounded head as it grows in the wild). What really hurts is if they lay eggs on the ground under the plant or on the stem at ground level. Keep the mulch two to three inches away from tree and shrub stems to prevent stem decay and pest problems. Cut back the old stems to around ground level then, and give the plants a feed. The damage usually starts out near the end of the branch and works its way toward the main stem of the plant. Egyptian papyrus was formed by cutting strips from the stems of the papyrus plant, placing them in layers, pounding, then drying them. Trim the leaves from the lower part of the stem, dip the end in rooting hormone powder or liquid and bury in the soil with about 8cm of stem showing above the ground. For best results apply mulch to a depth of least 15 cm thick, avoiding the area immediately around plant stems and tree trunks. Both the blue and the yellow have the classic, satiny translucent petals of the poppy tribe, both, characteristically, are held on wiry stems above the parent plant. Botanists have long noted the phenomenon of sap accumulation in tissue above a girdle or major wound in the woody stems of plants. For formal hedges, shorten main and secondary stems just before the plants begin their second season of growth. Part of the price cut stems from a new body welding line at the Kentucky plant that Toyota is adopting worldwide. Each of the crises listed above stems in some way from that willingness to think of our own particular interest as somehow divorced from that of everyone around us. Once plants had built strong stems and trunks, they could stand upright and reach for the sun. Older studies noted that runners, stolons or prostrate stems of many plants became more erect when shaded. In late autumn, cut down the stems to 6in above ground level when the leaves turn brown and lift the tubers as required. If the shrub is still too tall, cut back the stems to just above a strong side shoot. We conclude that number of stem segments on longest stems of plants was a good predictor of force necessary to remove terminal segments. Variables included the number of stems and percent plant cover in the shrub, subcanopy, and canopy layers. Cut back around a third of the oldest stems to just above ground level to encourage the production of new growth from the base of the plant. Synonyms trunk, stalk, stock, cane technical peduncle 1.1 The stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk. （支撑果实、花朵、叶子的）梗 Example sentencesExamples The six common foliar diseases shown here affect primarily leaves and sometimes the fruits and stems. As they ooze from the pycnidia, they are splashed by rain onto the leaves, petioles and stems of newly emerged shoots. Avoid pruning leaves or stems while the fruit is ripening, and consider shading the fruit. This evergreen clematis is covered in perfumed, pink suffused white flowers in spring and needs a sheltered wall where stems, leaves and flowers can be in full sun with roots in shade. I watched one bee make a bad landing, slip off, fall backwards, bounce off a branch in the stem of the flower, and land on her back on the ground. They have alternate, elliptical, smooth-edged leaves growing on smooth stems bearing two or more flowers. Erythronium dens-canis is the true dog's tooth violet, the name comes from the shape of the corm, and has rose coloured flowers on 10 cm stems and purple marked leaves. Well, I was outside the shop sweeping the dead leaves and flower stems away into the street gutter, and He walked by. Koalas inhabit eucalyptus woodlands where they feed on eucalyptus leaves, stems, flowers, and bark. The female Thrypticus deposits an egg in a water-hyacinth petiole - the stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem. Middle portions of the stem show branch and leaf scars, which are disposed together in nodes. It relates to the disposition of leaves on a stem and seeds in a flower head. Symptoms include small black spots on leaves, petioles and stems of new shoots. The stems had one leaf at each node and apart from the flower branches the stems had no side shoots. Mature specimens develop a thick trunk and stems with leaves and flowers at the top of the plant, often too high for the gardener to enjoy. Long stems of summer flowering hardy jasmine that protrude from their support can be cut back to tidy them up. Like all grasses, sugar cane has a jointed stem, and its leaves and branches come from the shoots at each joint. Shoots were cut, divided into stems with broad leaves, tendrils, flowers, and fruits, dried and weighed separately. Vine with heart-shaped leaves attaches itself to a support by clasping leaf stems. A few members, such as Asparagus and Solomon's seal have leaves attached along the stem. Synonyms stalk, shoot, twig technical bine, pedicel, petiole, peduncle, axis 2A long, thin supportive or main section of something. 把，柄；干 the main stem of the wing feathers 翅膀羽毛的主干。 Example sentencesExamples And too, in the smallest of sizes, the rigid stem cams were easy to get stuck. Slide the nose of a rivet gun over the stem and squeeze the handle only until the rivet is secure. Basically, it is mainly pace and turbulence that determines whether a traditional stick or a wire stem is used. Hold the bar with your other hand near the stem to limit swerving as you reach down. The radiation of birds from the theropod stem may be an example of this sort of thing. 2.1 The slender part of a wine glass between the base and the bowl. （酒杯杯身与底座之间的）柄脚 her fingers tightened on the stem of her glass Example sentencesExamples He lowered his eyes to the table, anxiously fiddling with the stem of his wine glass. I fiddle with the stem of my wineglass, glancing around the restaurant at all the other happy couples. Recalling that dismal time, Iris stared at the crystal stem of her wine glass. Using acrylic paint and glass medium, paint a pattern along the stem and base of the glass and let it dry well before using. The form of this glass is characterized by an inverted perfect squat cone with ornamental glasswork where the cone meets the stem and the stem meets the base. The oldest surviving wine glass with a stem and foot are 15th century enameled goblets that holds more than four ounces of liquid. Broodingly, she twirled the stem of the wine glass between her fingers as the crimson wine twirled around dangerously close to rim of the glass. These little charms, when hung around the stem of a wine glass, personalize the drink and make it easy to decipher which wine glass is yours on a crowded cluttered party table. The wine glasses are very thin and delicate, with elegant slender stems and a simple, clean design. She fingered the stem of the wine glass and slowly brought her eyes up to his. Dani's fingers tighten around the stem of the wineglass she's holding. The wine and champagne glasses start from the geometric lines of a triangular diamond cut base, leading through to a bowl that mirrors the angles of the stem and triangular base. Mark shakes his head and looks away, running a finger up the stem of his empty wine glass. Kim sits across from me at the table, fingering the stem of her wineglass and giving me The Look. Wine glasses with green and cranberry-coloured bowls on clear stems also became popular at this time. On cut glass the foot may be so ornate that the mark may be placed at the top of the stem of a wineglass or at the base of a jog's handle. 2.2 The tube of a tobacco pipe. 烟斗柄 Stanley eyed his father over the stem of his pipe Example sentencesExamples It originally hails from America where Native Americans used its hollowed-out stems as tobacco pipes and tubes. 2.3 A rod or cylinder in a mechanism, for example the sliding shaft of a bolt or the winding pin of a watch. （机械装置的）阀杆，导杆，棒 the stem of the bolt edged clear Example sentencesExamples The wheel is balanced when it spins down to a stop at random spots, rather than with the valve stem up. The red dot signifies that it's at the light spot, so line up the red dot with your valve stem. In a second position of the valve stem, the amount of aerosol disposed in the metering chamber is released. The electrical switches are initialized by an adjustable system, according to the random position of the valve stem when it is opened or closed. It does not improve the mechanical characteristics of the stem, but does improve shock damping. However, it sounds like the valve stem is worn and needs to be replaced. Carbon fiber cranks, wheels, handlebars, stems and saddles also abounded, and Campagnolo even has a carbon headset top cup. Orange scaffolding then appeared, looking much like oversized staples, either stem bolted into a brick. The simplistic rubber plug for the presta only valve stems makes it so easy to use. The change stems in part from mechanical adjustments. The normal transfer of motion from a cam lobe to a valve stem is there by interrupted. The stem makes a nice little handle to hold on to. The adjustment of the system allows for flexibility and use on a wide range of valve stems with various stroke lengths. All four heads use a patented feeding mechanism that keeps the feed rollers centred on the stem as the diameter changes. I then cut and filed the excess length off the bolts so that the stems and nuts are not apparent any more. Hold a container under the valve and turn the valve stem about a half turn or until air and water flows out. The left valve became an elongate stem anchored in the sea floor. Just wanted to say thanks for your help - it worked and I've ordered new bolts for my salvaged stem. It does not improve the mechanical characteristics of the stem, but it does improve shock damping. It uses a by-now obligatory two-bolt detachable faceplate for easy bar swapping, and a unique opposing bolt clamp on the stem. 2.4 A vertical stroke in a letter or musical note. （文字的）干线；（音符的）符干 Example sentencesExamples For example, the addition of a stem carries no essential meaning that requires a minim to last half as long as a semibreve, but convention dictates it. LiquidTrax provides music editors with the ability to mix their own custom score using four stems from a stock piece of music. The writing is never less than neat, but sometimes the vertical strokes - stems and long rests - waver as if written by a shaking hand. 3Grammar The root or main part of a word, to which inflections or formative elements are added. 〔语法〕词干 Example sentencesExamples This is a scientific term derived by making an English plural from octopod, which is the bare stem of the Greek word, not its singular. A typical Ojibwa sentence contains a multipart verb, the core meaning of which is carried by a verb stem, itself composed of meaningful elements. Vary site descriptions by using word stems and related keywords. There are a few other English words (neither, nor, none) which appear to consist of a stem prefixed with the negative morpheme n. 3.1archaic, literary The main line of descent of a family or nation. 〈古或诗/文〉家谱，系谱；血统 the Hellenic tribes were derived from the Aryan stem 那些希腊部落起源于雅利安血统。 4The main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship, to which the ship's sides are joined at the front end. 船头，艏；艏材，艏柱 the spines and bow stems of abandoned hulks Example sentencesExamples Experts who have been diving to the wreck off Portsmouth for the last month have excavated a five-metre-long piece of wood which they believe is the front stem of the ship's keel. These will be carried on two cargo decks designed for roll-on, roll-off cargo handling through the stem. We would then come up the stem of the ship for a landing. The political outrage over the choice of shipyard stems from the fact that it is in the backyard of the former senate majority leader Trent Lott. From stem to stern, your ship will be held together by a thick cable woven from the most tenacious strands of grass we can find. The rescue lasted for about two hours and the crew worked for much of the time waist deep in water as the waves broke over the stem of the lifeboat. Standing at the stem and watching her wide wake stretch to the horizon is a favorite pastime. So a team from the dock came on-board and inspected the ship, stem to stern. 5US informal A pipe used for smoking crack or opium. 〈美，非正式〉鸦片烟枪 verbstemming, stems, stemmed stɛmstɛm 1stem fromno object Originate in or be caused by. 起源于 many of the universities' problems stem from rapid expansion 大学的许多问题来源于快速扩张。 Example sentencesExamples The university has said its problems stem from a lack of Government funding. Val Pellice produces a speciality cheese, the origins of which stem from the early Middle Ages when occasional Saracenic groups ventured into the Alps. The interest in gaining control of Jurys is thought to stem from its valuable land bank, particularly a seven acre site in the Ballsbridge area of Dublin, which is home to three hotels. Do her fears stem from difficulties inherent in conducting a relationship in the public eye? The university has said any problems stem from a lack of Government funding. It is time Canadians demand that governments stop pretending that these policies stem from economic facts and influence only economic issues. The problems stem from the need to have detailed security checks made on paid staff and volunteers at schemes run by the charity, which comes into contact with thousands of youngsters across the county. The band's origins stem from Edwards wanting to create a big band to perform improvised or free music, which is still anchored in some way, by a structure. This result could stem from the landlord's perception of having contracted a good manager. Both peoples continue to draw on traditional Balkan stereotypes, which were reinforced in the recent Socialist era but which stem from much older folk memories. Its origins stem from 1898, when a Maj Davidson of the US army bolted a machine gun to a 3-cylinder car. While being kind to animals sometimes springs from having a gentle heart, it can also stem from a fear of being punished if animals are treated badly. I had my best results at a grand slam and my best memories stem from Wimbledon. Part of the disaffection with the local Labour campaign also seems to stem from a feeling in some quarters, reported to this website, that it was ‘intimidatory’. A great part of the student misgivings may stem from a difference between people's preconceptions of what co-op is like and what they actually experience. It is not a coincidence that suddenly today more and more children are turning up with reading disabilities that stem from a difficulty to process language. This surprising result could possibly stem from the fact that the latter placed higher emphasis on internationalization in general. The first and most common reason for recycling, that we need to conserve landfill capacity, seems to stem from the misconception that we are running out of space in which to bury our rubbish. Many of the difficulties stem from continually falling prices. But the Home Office's difficulties here will stem from its belated discovery of the need to bolt aspects of the right kind of ID system onto the wrong one. Synonyms have its origins in, arise from, originate from, spring from, derive from, come from, be rooted in, emanate from, issue from, flow from, proceed from, result from, be consequent on be caused by, be brought on/about by, be produced by 2with object Remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves) 去掉（水果、烟叶的）干（或茎、梗） her aunt and her mother were stemming currants on the side porch Example sentencesExamples The perfect knife for hunting is different than the one used for stemming strawberries. Mint is not to be stemmed to keep the leaves from clogging the teapot spout. They will love making thumbprints in the cookies but might have trouble sitting still for less glamorous tasks like stemming cherry tomatoes. 3with object (of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current) （船）逆流而行 if the wind will only freshen a little, we shall be able to stem the first of the flood Example sentencesExamples To stem the tide, so to speak, the Pebble Beach Company has undertaken major projects at major expense. But he, like Canute, will not stem the spring tide Phrases from stem to stern From the front to the back, especially of a ship. 从头到尾；从船头到船尾 surges of water rocked their boats from stem to stern 汹涌的潮水使船从头到尾摇晃起来。 Example sentencesExamples Lying in 20 metres of water she is perfect from stem to stern with the exception of her superstructure which has been wiped from the upper deck in its entirety. I followed sailors from both countries as tours were given from stem to stern on board HMS Portland. At that moment a heavy wave struck the ship, smashing plates in the mess and shaking the ship from stem to stern, causing much hilarity in the mess; but up on deck poor Winton had vanished. The harbor is filled every day with all manner of sleek vessels - from 10-foot kayaks, to 30-foot sloops, to oceangoing cargo ships that stretch almost 1,000 feet from stem to stern. Both handmaids bounced about the ship from stem to stern and port to starboard, finding myriad wonders in the azure blue sea: porpoises, jellyfish, the wave of the sea cut by the prow or the foam of the ship's wake. Then a massive explosion rips through the shuttle bay, rocking the ship from stem to stern. At twenty-five metres from stem to stern it wasn't a small vessel. On this first dive we wanted to do a general sweep from stem to stern to assess the wreck's condition. Slowly but steadily I work from stem to stern, seeking out all the tiny matted bits under her arms and down her tummy that have evaded the brush and set up colonies during the warm weather. We sailed on into the dreaded Bay of Biscay, anticipating the worst, expecting mountainous waves to wash down the decks from stem to stern and ourselves to be battened down below hatches. Derivatives stemless adjective The Haworthia attenuata has a stemless rosette of really tough dark green leaves that have bands of glistening white tubercles. Example sentencesExamples The invertebrate fauna includes many planktonic forms, particularly jellyfish and the stemless crinoid Saccoma, and also nektonic organisms such as cephalopods. The flights are served in stemless glasses - three champagnes and a Perrier water - held by a silver stand. The popular vigorous variety ‘Superba’ can be invasive with large, rich violet flowers on stems up to 80 cm high, while C.glomerata acaulis is virtually stemless, growing to only 15 cm. The fruit is round, and almost stemless: light green when underripe, and ripening to a whitish or dull yellowish-green, or occasionally red. stem-like adjective One hand was outstretched to support the instrument by the stem-like projection, the body half tucked under his arm while his fingers danced swiftly over the taut strings. Example sentencesExamples For example, unlike vascular plants, mosses form simple leaf- and stem-like organs in their gametophyte generation. In some cases the leaf may be very stem-like. In terms of tumors, it's known that stem-like cells have characteristics much like cancer cells. As the ovary transformed into a fruit, the activity of the vascular cambium resulted in the formation of a stem-like structure with a woody central cylinder surrounded by secondary phloem. Origin Old English stemn, stefn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stam and German Stamm. sense 4 of the noun is related to Dutch steven, German Steven. Rhymes ahem, Belém, Clem, condemn, contemn, crème de la crème, em, gem, hem, Jem, LibDem, phlegm, pro tem, rem, Shem, them stem² verbstemming, stems, stemmed stɛmstɛm 1with object Stop or restrict (the flow of something) 堵住，塞住；制止（流动） a nurse did her best to stem the bleeding 那护士竭尽全力来止血。 Example sentencesExamples Potter confessed City's second-half showing could not match that of the first but believed Radcliffe deserved credit for stemming the flow of goals conceded before grabbing a late consolation ten minutes from time. The UN Security Council approved a resolution permitting a US-led military intervention to stem the refugee flows and restore stability in northern Iraq. According to one British expert, had the Prestige been accompanied into a nearby port after its initial pleas, calmer seas would have stemmed the spill and allowed the oil to be removed from the tanker. We created an outside stop tap to stem the flow and then covered the hole over with boarding as a temporary measure. There should be a right of intervention where it is necessary to stem large scale loss of life and to provide urgent protection against brutality and ethnic cleansing. Yew Tree Tarn, near Coniston, is in line for a £37, 500 revamp which is aimed at stemming the flow of water from the dam - which has been built on a geological fault. Violent and disruptive pupils could be offered psychotherapy in a controversial new move to stem the rising tide of indiscipline in Scotland's schools. It is a low tech but highly effective way of stemming the flow of illegal immigrants into this country. Another area of co-operation was predicated on Bulgaria's strategic location as a gateway to Europe, meaning that it had a key role in stemming the illegal flows of drugs, arms and human trafficking. Nor should it be viewed as a matter of stemming the flow of scientists overseas, as Queensland's Premier, Peter Beattie, gratuitously implied. The Royal Navy will attempt to stem the flow of oil from the sunken Royal Oak battleship by carrying out tests on a replica of the vessel. But that only temporarily stemmed the flow of goals and Steve Carson made it four after 33 minutes before Rankin added a fifth minutes later. However the copious amount of alcohol flowing freely stemmed any negative thoughts on the day, and everyone had a top time. The French embassy said it was unbiased guidance for French companies who were thinking of moving; others, like Cadic, saw it as a thinly veiled attempt to stem the flow. Hawass says global efforts to stem illicit trade in antiquities are starting to bear fruit. It also suggests that they would be willing to put their money where their mouths are when it comes to stemming the flow of pollution from the 150 million plastic carrier bags used in the United Kingdom each week. First and the foremost, stem the population explosion, the mother of all ills. Two fine run-outs stemmed the flow and left the impression that the visitors' eventual 139/9 was ten runs short of a potentially winning total. Swan played a major role in stemming the flow of goals conceded at the end of last season and was rewarded with a new one-year contract over the summer. A new offence will also be created of using children or innocent parties to hide or carry knives or guns, in an attempt to stem the rising violent crime statistics. Synonyms staunch, stop, halt, check, hold back, restrain, restrict, control, contain, curb block, dam slow, lessen, reduce, diminish, retard North American stanch archaic stay 1.1 Stop the spread or development of (something undesirable) 遏制，制止 an attempt to stem the rising tide of unemployment 遏制失业势头上升的努力。 Example sentencesExamples The spurious argument that Lewin was ineffective in stemming crime is so openly dishonest that Jamaicans like myself have started to tune out. To succeed, Mr. Obama said, the administration's plan must include bailing out banks to get credit flowing and stemming the tide of home foreclosures that have swept the country. The chair, a local journalist, fails to stem the tide of ever more dull questions. Yet there appears to be no effective means to stem its activities. The steelband movement is strategically poised to play a useful role in stemming the crime rate in T & T. The company is expected to announce an alliance with that company in an attempt to stem the defection of customers to the cable companies. Stemming this problem and the spread of HIV among black college students won't be easy. If giving advice, advisers will have to consider whether you can afford the mortgage, in an attempt to stem irresponsible lending. Sadly, my vet did not iodine the umbilical cords, and I lost three to bacterial septicemia before IV antibiotics stemmed the tide. Even "Trojan" buses packed with police failed to stem the problem. Christine Rankin alone will not be able to single-handedly stem the tide of political correctness at the Families Commission. Finding ways to control costs associated with healthcare delivery will be critical to Obama's efforts to stem the tide of the current global recession. Policy can and should be focused on stemming the tide of relationship breakdown. The budget was therefore crucial to the ruling coalition, particularly the JVP, to stem a collapse of popular support. For all their usefulness, Blackmore concedes his engineering marvels do little more than buy scientists the time to work out how to permanently stem the salt bleeding from the landscape. To stem the flow, AMD is expected to renegotiate millions in debt coming due over the next four years. But even these statements are generally qualified by the admission that such measures have thus far failed to stem the recurrence of such bloody incidents. The various state governments' reluctance to switch over to VAT was stemmed by the fear of loss of revenues. 2Skiing no object Slide the tail of one ski or both skis outwards in order to turn or slow down. 〔滑雪〕向外转动（滑雪屐）以便转弯（或减速） I side-slipped at first, grew tired of it, and stemmed for a while Origin Middle English (in the sense 'to stop, delay'): from Old Norse stemma, of Germanic origin. The skiing term (early 20th century) is from the German verb stemmen. STEM³ abbreviation Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (as an educational category) the academy is seeking to appoint a Teaching and Learning Coordinator for STEM subjects Example sentencesExamples In executive/managerial, professional and STEM occupations, however, the trend is the opposite; the wage gap between men and women actually grew between 1995 and 2003. Women and minorities are distinguished by their lack of presence in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Between 1985 and 2000 the number of baccalaureate degrees in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields, excluding biology, fell by 18.6 percent. Specifically, we concentrate on K-12 science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) learning experiences for students and teachers. Young people need to have clear awareness of the wide range of worthwhile and remunerative careers to which STEM subjects can lead. We must encourage more students to choose STEM options at 14, 16 and 18. There is tremendous interest in the STEM community in working with Government to encourage more young people to opt for STEM, and we are responding to this. Perhaps most notable is the lower representation of these groups in doctoral degrees overall, but particularly in the STEM disciplines. The under-representation of girls in physics post-16 is a serious issue for the UK and in particular for the STEM community. One of the major initiatives of the Institute is to encourage more blind people to study and pursue careers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). noun.1 phr. verb.1 abbr.1 stem¹ nounstemstɛm 1The main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean. （植物、灌木的）茎，干 Example sentencesExamples Both the blue and the yellow have the classic, satiny translucent petals of the poppy tribe, both, characteristically, are held on wiry stems above the parent plant. Part of the price cut stems from a new body welding line at the Kentucky plant that Toyota is adopting worldwide. Cut back around a third of the oldest stems to just above ground level to encourage the production of new growth from the base of the plant. Older studies noted that runners, stolons or prostrate stems of many plants became more erect when shaded. Keep the mulch two to three inches away from tree and shrub stems to prevent stem decay and pest problems. If the shrub is still too tall, cut back the stems to just above a strong side shoot. The cultivated plant is a small shrub with numerous stems (not a tree with a rounded head as it grows in the wild). Egyptian papyrus was formed by cutting strips from the stems of the papyrus plant, placing them in layers, pounding, then drying them. We conclude that number of stem segments on longest stems of plants was a good predictor of force necessary to remove terminal segments. Once plants had built strong stems and trunks, they could stand upright and reach for the sun. Variables included the number of stems and percent plant cover in the shrub, subcanopy, and canopy layers. For formal hedges, shorten main and secondary stems just before the plants begin their second season of growth. Each of the crises listed above stems in some way from that willingness to think of our own particular interest as somehow divorced from that of everyone around us. Trim the leaves from the lower part of the stem, dip the end in rooting hormone powder or liquid and bury in the soil with about 8cm of stem showing above the ground. In late autumn, cut down the stems to 6in above ground level when the leaves turn brown and lift the tubers as required. For best results apply mulch to a depth of least 15 cm thick, avoiding the area immediately around plant stems and tree trunks. The damage usually starts out near the end of the branch and works its way toward the main stem of the plant. Botanists have long noted the phenomenon of sap accumulation in tissue above a girdle or major wound in the woody stems of plants. Cut back the old stems to around ground level then, and give the plants a feed. What really hurts is if they lay eggs on the ground under the plant or on the stem at ground level. Synonyms trunk, stalk, stock, cane 1.1 The stalk supporting a fruit, flower, or leaf, and attaching it to a larger branch, twig, or stalk. （支撑果实、花朵、叶子的）梗 Example sentencesExamples The stems had one leaf at each node and apart from the flower branches the stems had no side shoots. This evergreen clematis is covered in perfumed, pink suffused white flowers in spring and needs a sheltered wall where stems, leaves and flowers can be in full sun with roots in shade. Middle portions of the stem show branch and leaf scars, which are disposed together in nodes. Koalas inhabit eucalyptus woodlands where they feed on eucalyptus leaves, stems, flowers, and bark. It relates to the disposition of leaves on a stem and seeds in a flower head. The six common foliar diseases shown here affect primarily leaves and sometimes the fruits and stems. Mature specimens develop a thick trunk and stems with leaves and flowers at the top of the plant, often too high for the gardener to enjoy. Symptoms include small black spots on leaves, petioles and stems of new shoots. Well, I was outside the shop sweeping the dead leaves and flower stems away into the street gutter, and He walked by. Long stems of summer flowering hardy jasmine that protrude from their support can be cut back to tidy them up. Vine with heart-shaped leaves attaches itself to a support by clasping leaf stems. Avoid pruning leaves or stems while the fruit is ripening, and consider shading the fruit. As they ooze from the pycnidia, they are splashed by rain onto the leaves, petioles and stems of newly emerged shoots. The female Thrypticus deposits an egg in a water-hyacinth petiole - the stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem. They have alternate, elliptical, smooth-edged leaves growing on smooth stems bearing two or more flowers. Like all grasses, sugar cane has a jointed stem, and its leaves and branches come from the shoots at each joint. Shoots were cut, divided into stems with broad leaves, tendrils, flowers, and fruits, dried and weighed separately. Erythronium dens-canis is the true dog's tooth violet, the name comes from the shape of the corm, and has rose coloured flowers on 10 cm stems and purple marked leaves. A few members, such as Asparagus and Solomon's seal have leaves attached along the stem. I watched one bee make a bad landing, slip off, fall backwards, bounce off a branch in the stem of the flower, and land on her back on the ground. Synonyms stalk, shoot, twig 2A long, thin supportive or main section of something. 把，柄；干 the main stem of the wing feathers 翅膀羽毛的主干。 Example sentencesExamples And too, in the smallest of sizes, the rigid stem cams were easy to get stuck. Basically, it is mainly pace and turbulence that determines whether a traditional stick or a wire stem is used. Slide the nose of a rivet gun over the stem and squeeze the handle only until the rivet is secure. Hold the bar with your other hand near the stem to limit swerving as you reach down. The radiation of birds from the theropod stem may be an example of this sort of thing. 2.1 The slender part of a wineglass between the base and the bowl. （酒杯杯身与底座之间的）柄脚 Example sentencesExamples The form of this glass is characterized by an inverted perfect squat cone with ornamental glasswork where the cone meets the stem and the stem meets the base. The oldest surviving wine glass with a stem and foot are 15th century enameled goblets that holds more than four ounces of liquid. Kim sits across from me at the table, fingering the stem of her wineglass and giving me The Look. Mark shakes his head and looks away, running a finger up the stem of his empty wine glass. Recalling that dismal time, Iris stared at the crystal stem of her wine glass. She fingered the stem of the wine glass and slowly brought her eyes up to his. The wine glasses are very thin and delicate, with elegant slender stems and a simple, clean design. Wine glasses with green and cranberry-coloured bowls on clear stems also became popular at this time. On cut glass the foot may be so ornate that the mark may be placed at the top of the stem of a wineglass or at the base of a jog's handle. He lowered his eyes to the table, anxiously fiddling with the stem of his wine glass. Dani's fingers tighten around the stem of the wineglass she's holding. Broodingly, she twirled the stem of the wine glass between her fingers as the crimson wine twirled around dangerously close to rim of the glass. The wine and champagne glasses start from the geometric lines of a triangular diamond cut base, leading through to a bowl that mirrors the angles of the stem and triangular base. These little charms, when hung around the stem of a wine glass, personalize the drink and make it easy to decipher which wine glass is yours on a crowded cluttered party table. I fiddle with the stem of my wineglass, glancing around the restaurant at all the other happy couples. Using acrylic paint and glass medium, paint a pattern along the stem and base of the glass and let it dry well before using. 2.2 The tube of a tobacco pipe. 烟斗柄 Example sentencesExamples It originally hails from America where Native Americans used its hollowed-out stems as tobacco pipes and tubes. 2.3 A rod or cylinder in a mechanism, for example the sliding shaft of a bolt or the winding pin of a watch. （机械装置的）阀杆，导杆，棒 Example sentencesExamples Hold a container under the valve and turn the valve stem about a half turn or until air and water flows out. It does not improve the mechanical characteristics of the stem, but does improve shock damping. Carbon fiber cranks, wheels, handlebars, stems and saddles also abounded, and Campagnolo even has a carbon headset top cup. The normal transfer of motion from a cam lobe to a valve stem is there by interrupted. I then cut and filed the excess length off the bolts so that the stems and nuts are not apparent any more. The wheel is balanced when it spins down to a stop at random spots, rather than with the valve stem up. Orange scaffolding then appeared, looking much like oversized staples, either stem bolted into a brick. All four heads use a patented feeding mechanism that keeps the feed rollers centred on the stem as the diameter changes. The adjustment of the system allows for flexibility and use on a wide range of valve stems with various stroke lengths. It uses a by-now obligatory two-bolt detachable faceplate for easy bar swapping, and a unique opposing bolt clamp on the stem. The simplistic rubber plug for the presta only valve stems makes it so easy to use. The left valve became an elongate stem anchored in the sea floor. However, it sounds like the valve stem is worn and needs to be replaced. The change stems in part from mechanical adjustments. The stem makes a nice little handle to hold on to. In a second position of the valve stem, the amount of aerosol disposed in the metering chamber is released. The red dot signifies that it's at the light spot, so line up the red dot with your valve stem. The electrical switches are initialized by an adjustable system, according to the random position of the valve stem when it is opened or closed. It does not improve the mechanical characteristics of the stem, but it does improve shock damping. Just wanted to say thanks for your help - it worked and I've ordered new bolts for my salvaged stem. 2.4 A vertical stroke in a letter or musical note. （文字的）干线；（音符的）符干 Example sentencesExamples LiquidTrax provides music editors with the ability to mix their own custom score using four stems from a stock piece of music. For example, the addition of a stem carries no essential meaning that requires a minim to last half as long as a semibreve, but convention dictates it. The writing is never less than neat, but sometimes the vertical strokes - stems and long rests - waver as if written by a shaking hand. 3Grammar The root or main part of a noun, adjective, or other word, to which inflections or formative elements are added. 〔语法〕词干 Example sentencesExamples This is a scientific term derived by making an English plural from octopod, which is the bare stem of the Greek word, not its singular. Vary site descriptions by using word stems and related keywords. A typical Ojibwa sentence contains a multipart verb, the core meaning of which is carried by a verb stem, itself composed of meaningful elements. There are a few other English words (neither, nor, none) which appear to consist of a stem prefixed with the negative morpheme n. 3.1literary, archaic The main line of descent of a family or nation. 〈古或诗/文〉家谱，系谱；血统 the Hellenic tribes were derived from the Aryan stem 那些希腊部落起源于雅利安血统。 4The main upright timber or metal piece at the bow of a ship, to which the ship's sides are joined. 船头，艏；艏材，艏柱 Example sentencesExamples The political outrage over the choice of shipyard stems from the fact that it is in the backyard of the former senate majority leader Trent Lott. The rescue lasted for about two hours and the crew worked for much of the time waist deep in water as the waves broke over the stem of the lifeboat. From stem to stern, your ship will be held together by a thick cable woven from the most tenacious strands of grass we can find. We would then come up the stem of the ship for a landing. These will be carried on two cargo decks designed for roll-on, roll-off cargo handling through the stem. So a team from the dock came on-board and inspected the ship, stem to stern. Experts who have been diving to the wreck off Portsmouth for the last month have excavated a five-metre-long piece of wood which they believe is the front stem of the ship's keel. Standing at the stem and watching her wide wake stretch to the horizon is a favorite pastime. 5US informal A pipe used for smoking crack or opium. 〈美，非正式〉鸦片烟枪 verbstemstɛm 1stem fromno object Originate in or be caused by. 起源于 many of the universities' problems stem from rapid expansion 大学的许多问题来源于快速扩张。 Example sentencesExamples A great part of the student misgivings may stem from a difference between people's preconceptions of what co-op is like and what they actually experience. While being kind to animals sometimes springs from having a gentle heart, it can also stem from a fear of being punished if animals are treated badly. I had my best results at a grand slam and my best memories stem from Wimbledon. It is not a coincidence that suddenly today more and more children are turning up with reading disabilities that stem from a difficulty to process language. Part of the disaffection with the local Labour campaign also seems to stem from a feeling in some quarters, reported to this website, that it was ‘intimidatory’. The band's origins stem from Edwards wanting to create a big band to perform improvised or free music, which is still anchored in some way, by a structure. Do her fears stem from difficulties inherent in conducting a relationship in the public eye? Both peoples continue to draw on traditional Balkan stereotypes, which were reinforced in the recent Socialist era but which stem from much older folk memories. But the Home Office's difficulties here will stem from its belated discovery of the need to bolt aspects of the right kind of ID system onto the wrong one. It is time Canadians demand that governments stop pretending that these policies stem from economic facts and influence only economic issues. The problems stem from the need to have detailed security checks made on paid staff and volunteers at schemes run by the charity, which comes into contact with thousands of youngsters across the county. Its origins stem from 1898, when a Maj Davidson of the US army bolted a machine gun to a 3-cylinder car. The university has said its problems stem from a lack of Government funding. Val Pellice produces a speciality cheese, the origins of which stem from the early Middle Ages when occasional Saracenic groups ventured into the Alps. The university has said any problems stem from a lack of Government funding. This result could stem from the landlord's perception of having contracted a good manager. This surprising result could possibly stem from the fact that the latter placed higher emphasis on internationalization in general. Many of the difficulties stem from continually falling prices. The first and most common reason for recycling, that we need to conserve landfill capacity, seems to stem from the misconception that we are running out of space in which to bury our rubbish. The interest in gaining control of Jurys is thought to stem from its valuable land bank, particularly a seven acre site in the Ballsbridge area of Dublin, which is home to three hotels. Synonyms have its origins in, arise from, originate from, spring from, derive from, come from, be rooted in, emanate from, issue from, flow from, proceed from, result from, be consequent on 2with object Remove the stems from (fruit or tobacco leaves). 去掉（水果、烟叶的）干（或茎、梗） Example sentencesExamples Mint is not to be stemmed to keep the leaves from clogging the teapot spout. They will love making thumbprints in the cookies but might have trouble sitting still for less glamorous tasks like stemming cherry tomatoes. The perfect knife for hunting is different than the one used for stemming strawberries. 3with object (of a boat) make headway against (the tide or current). （船）逆流而行 Example sentencesExamples But he, like Canute, will not stem the spring tide To stem the tide, so to speak, the Pebble Beach Company has undertaken major projects at major expense. Phrases from stem to stern 1From the front to the back, especially of a ship. 从头到尾；从船头到船尾 surges of water rocked their boats from stem to stern 汹涌的潮水使船从头到尾摇晃起来。 Example sentencesExamples We sailed on into the dreaded Bay of Biscay, anticipating the worst, expecting mountainous waves to wash down the decks from stem to stern and ourselves to be battened down below hatches. Then a massive explosion rips through the shuttle bay, rocking the ship from stem to stern. I followed sailors from both countries as tours were given from stem to stern on board HMS Portland. Both handmaids bounced about the ship from stem to stern and port to starboard, finding myriad wonders in the azure blue sea: porpoises, jellyfish, the wave of the sea cut by the prow or the foam of the ship's wake. Lying in 20 metres of water she is perfect from stem to stern with the exception of her superstructure which has been wiped from the upper deck in its entirety. At that moment a heavy wave struck the ship, smashing plates in the mess and shaking the ship from stem to stern, causing much hilarity in the mess; but up on deck poor Winton had vanished. At twenty-five metres from stem to stern it wasn't a small vessel. The harbor is filled every day with all manner of sleek vessels - from 10-foot kayaks, to 30-foot sloops, to oceangoing cargo ships that stretch almost 1,000 feet from stem to stern. On this first dive we wanted to do a general sweep from stem to stern to assess the wreck's condition. Slowly but steadily I work from stem to stern, seeking out all the tiny matted bits under her arms and down her tummy that have evaded the brush and set up colonies during the warm weather. 1.1Along the entire length of something; throughout. the album is a joy from stem to stern Example sentencesExamples Not only is it needle-like from stem to stern, but also it has an awful lot of length both in front and back of where the crew sits. Not only is it needle-like from stem to stern, but it has an awful lot of length both in front and back of where the crew sits. Origin Old English stemn, stefn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stam and German Stamm. stem (sense 4 of the noun) is related to Dutch steven, German Steven. stem² verbstemstɛm 1with object Stop or restrict (the flow of something) 堵住，塞住；制止（流动） a nurse did her best to stem the bleeding 那护士竭尽全力来止血。 Example sentencesExamples However the copious amount of alcohol flowing freely stemmed any negative thoughts on the day, and everyone had a top time. It is a low tech but highly effective way of stemming the flow of illegal immigrants into this country. We created an outside stop tap to stem the flow and then covered the hole over with boarding as a temporary measure. Swan played a major role in stemming the flow of goals conceded at the end of last season and was rewarded with a new one-year contract over the summer. Hawass says global efforts to stem illicit trade in antiquities are starting to bear fruit. There should be a right of intervention where it is necessary to stem large scale loss of life and to provide urgent protection against brutality and ethnic cleansing. A new offence will also be created of using children or innocent parties to hide or carry knives or guns, in an attempt to stem the rising violent crime statistics. Potter confessed City's second-half showing could not match that of the first but believed Radcliffe deserved credit for stemming the flow of goals conceded before grabbing a late consolation ten minutes from time. According to one British expert, had the Prestige been accompanied into a nearby port after its initial pleas, calmer seas would have stemmed the spill and allowed the oil to be removed from the tanker. The UN Security Council approved a resolution permitting a US-led military intervention to stem the refugee flows and restore stability in northern Iraq. First and the foremost, stem the population explosion, the mother of all ills. Two fine run-outs stemmed the flow and left the impression that the visitors' eventual 139/9 was ten runs short of a potentially winning total. But that only temporarily stemmed the flow of goals and Steve Carson made it four after 33 minutes before Rankin added a fifth minutes later. Another area of co-operation was predicated on Bulgaria's strategic location as a gateway to Europe, meaning that it had a key role in stemming the illegal flows of drugs, arms and human trafficking. The Royal Navy will attempt to stem the flow of oil from the sunken Royal Oak battleship by carrying out tests on a replica of the vessel. It also suggests that they would be willing to put their money where their mouths are when it comes to stemming the flow of pollution from the 150 million plastic carrier bags used in the United Kingdom each week. Yew Tree Tarn, near Coniston, is in line for a £37, 500 revamp which is aimed at stemming the flow of water from the dam - which has been built on a geological fault. The French embassy said it was unbiased guidance for French companies who were thinking of moving; others, like Cadic, saw it as a thinly veiled attempt to stem the flow. Violent and disruptive pupils could be offered psychotherapy in a controversial new move to stem the rising tide of indiscipline in Scotland's schools. Nor should it be viewed as a matter of stemming the flow of scientists overseas, as Queensland's Premier, Peter Beattie, gratuitously implied. Synonyms staunch, stop, halt, check, hold back, restrain, restrict, control, contain, curb 1.1 Stop the spread or development of (something undesirable) 遏制，制止 an attempt to stem the rising tide of unemployment 遏制失业势头上升的努力。 Example sentencesExamples Finding ways to control costs associated with healthcare delivery will be critical to Obama's efforts to stem the tide of the current global recession. Policy can and should be focused on stemming the tide of relationship breakdown. Christine Rankin alone will not be able to single-handedly stem the tide of political correctness at the Families Commission. To stem the flow, AMD is expected to renegotiate millions in debt coming due over the next four years. The budget was therefore crucial to the ruling coalition, particularly the JVP, to stem a collapse of popular support. The company is expected to announce an alliance with that company in an attempt to stem the defection of customers to the cable companies. The various state governments' reluctance to switch over to VAT was stemmed by the fear of loss of revenues. Stemming this problem and the spread of HIV among black college students won't be easy. But even these statements are generally qualified by the admission that such measures have thus far failed to stem the recurrence of such bloody incidents. Yet there appears to be no effective means to stem its activities. The chair, a local journalist, fails to stem the tide of ever more dull questions. Even "Trojan" buses packed with police failed to stem the problem. For all their usefulness, Blackmore concedes his engineering marvels do little more than buy scientists the time to work out how to permanently stem the salt bleeding from the landscape. To succeed, Mr. Obama said, the administration's plan must include bailing out banks to get credit flowing and stemming the tide of home foreclosures that have swept the country. If giving advice, advisers will have to consider whether you can afford the mortgage, in an attempt to stem irresponsible lending. Sadly, my vet did not iodine the umbilical cords, and I lost three to bacterial septicemia before IV antibiotics stemmed the tide. The steelband movement is strategically poised to play a useful role in stemming the crime rate in T & T. The spurious argument that Lewin was ineffective in stemming crime is so openly dishonest that Jamaicans like myself have started to tune out. 2Skiing no object Slide the tail of one ski or both skis outward in order to turn or slow down. 〔滑雪〕向外转动（滑雪屐）以便转弯（或减速） Origin Middle English (in the sense ‘to stop, delay’): from Old Norse stemma, of Germanic origin. The skiing term (early 20th century) is from the German verb stemmen. STEM³ abbreviation Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (as an educational category) the academy is seeking to appoint a Teaching and Learning Coordinator for STEM subjects Example sentencesExamples There is tremendous interest in the STEM community in working with Government to encourage more young people to opt for STEM, and we are responding to this. Specifically, we concentrate on K-12 science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) learning experiences for students and teachers. Women and minorities are distinguished by their lack of presence in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines. We must encourage more students to choose STEM options at 14, 16 and 18. Young people need to have clear awareness of the wide range of worthwhile and remunerative careers to which STEM subjects can lead. In executive/managerial, professional and STEM occupations, however, the trend is the opposite; the wage gap between men and women actually grew between 1995 and 2003. One of the major initiatives of the Institute is to encourage more blind people to study and pursue careers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). The under-representation of girls in physics post-16 is a serious issue for the UK and in particular for the STEM community. Between 1985 and 2000 the number of baccalaureate degrees in the STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) fields, excluding biology, fell by 18.6 percent. Perhaps most notable is the lower representation of these groups in doctoral degrees overall, but particularly in the STEM disciplines. noun.1 phr. verb.1 abbr.1
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