Definition of stratigraphy in English:

stratigraphy

noun strəˈtɪɡrəfistrəˈtɪɡrəfi

mass noun

1The branch of geology concerned with the order and relative position of strata and their relationship to the geological timescale.
地层学
Example sentencesExamples
- Despite his expanding interest in biological questions, Weller remained a strong proponent of stratigraphy and practical geology, both in the classroom and in research.
- Much research has been of interest to, and sponsored by, the petroleum industry, and many facets of the research are as significant to stratigraphy and basin analysis as to palaeobiology
- Nearly three hundred years later, the rediscovery and elaboration of these principles would make possible modern stratigraphy and geological mapping.
- More than any other fossil collector in the western New York area, Tom paid attention to the scientific aspects of paleontology, stratigraphy, and geology in general.
- The sixty pages on palaeontology emphasize geology and stratigraphy and chiefly illustrate trilobites.
- Responding to Knight, he referred to stratigraphy as ‘the heart of geology’, and maintained that stratigraphy and paleontology were mutually dependent.
- With the new discipline of stratigraphy to hand, geological maps of both practical and academic value could be, and were, produced by surveyors and scholars towards the end of the eighteenth century.
1. 1.1 The analysis of the order and position of layers of archaeological remains.
  考古遗迹层次排列和位置的分析
  Example sentencesExamples
  In the final section Bosence and Wilson discuss the complexities of sequence stratigraphy in carbonate settings and introduce the use of numeric stratigraphic modeling for facies prediction.
  The geological mapping allowed a detailed revision of the regional stratigraphy.
  Inspiration is gained from the actions of the archaeologist, using stratigraphy as a recording practice, that records spacio-temporal paradigms.
  Such estimates of time-scale based on the stratigraphy of canyon fill will remain uncertain, however, until the nature of the fill is better understood.
  Tertiary stratigraphy throws considerable light on landform and river development.
  The up-to-date stratigraphy and earlier radiometric dates on these and other Late Precambrian rocks of this area are given in Pharaoh & Gibbons.
  Lysons did not fully understand stratigraphy, and he mistook the date of the villa.
  The water depths used for this calculation were established by adopting the pattern of relative sea-level variations inferred from sequence stratigraphy.
  This initial stratigraphy is used as the platform to investigate the lava flow faciès distribution in more detail and from there to construct a 3D geological model of the lava field heterogeneity.
  But unless you have already mastered vertebrate anatomy, Mesozoic stratigraphy, and phylogenetic analysis, it's probably not the place to begin.
  Although Lower Cambrian stratigraphy remains in a state of some uncertainty, therefore, it is possible at present to present a provisional view of the sequence of events in at least some areas of the world.
  The relative chronology derived from the radar stratigraphy clearly shows that the dune has migrated from east to west.
  Recent developments in Pleistocene stratigraphy have enabled a better correlation to be made of terrestrial sequences with the much more complete marine sequences.
  A combination of radar facies analysis and radar stratigraphy has been used to interpret the radar profiles and define a relative chronology.
  A series of new findings are now available, which permit the general Jurassic stratigraphy of Jabal Akhdar to be significantly refined.
2. 1.2 The structure of a particular set of strata.
  地层的结构
  you can find materials at the surface which are samples from the deeper stratigraphy
  Example sentencesExamples
  The overlying Pliocene reflections display a regular layer-cake stratigraphy of downwarped reflections defining a U-shaped depression.
  Despite the relatively coherent chronological stratigraphy demonstrated at the ice patches, temporal gaps are evident.
  The geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Cape Phillips Formation were noted by MacDonald.
  Due to the cave's deep, complex stratigraphy, the geological context of associated material culture has been particularly challenging to interpret.
  A second constraint on the timescale of canyon filling relates to the cyclic stratigraphy documented at the Umberatana syncline example.
  Completing the exhibitions is a diorama of the geology of the area north of Johannesburg, the Magaliesburg area, that shows details of the region's topography, geology, and stratigraphy.
  The late Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphy of northern Chile is shown in Figure 3.
  Conversely, there is during this time interval a general scarcity of erupted igneous rocks that can be reliably tied into relative stratigraphy.
  Oscillating reactions are thought to play key roles in biological morphogenesis and geologic stratigraphy.
  The accepted stratigraphy of the Dalradian block is presented in Figure 1.
  The volcanic stratigraphy, consisting dominantly of flood basalts with interbedded pyroclastic deposits, is well-exposed in East Greenland.
  The sills are structurally disrupted by the same tectonic features that imbricate other elements of the Bainang terrane stratigraphy.
  For details of reflection characteristics, especially in the Mesozoic stratigraphy, the reader is referred to the literature cited above.
  At the museum, Cooper worked in contact with U.S. Geological Survey paleontologists whose concerns were brachiopods and Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy.
  Several other interruptions within the Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Zagros region have long been attributed to epirogeny.
  The recognition of an orogenic unconformity at the base of the Easdale Subgroup allows for a more realistic overall interpretation of Dalradian stratigraphy.
  In this study we concentrate on the field relations and stratigraphy of the pyroclastic deposits within the lower volcanics.
  Recent work on Upper Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy in European basins has demonstrated that chalks provide valuable information on short- and long-term sea-level change.
  The ophiolite contains a complete igneous stratigraphy of serpentinized ultramafics, gabbro, sheeted dykes and pillow lavas, as described by Moores.
  These rocks are generally divided into two major types in view of their lithology, internal stratigraphy and contact relationships with surrounding rocks.

Derivatives

stratigrapher

noun

He taught and supervised the work of an entire generation of Chinese stratigraphers and palaeontologists.
Example sentencesExamples
- Those key ingredients were reinforced and nurtured by an impressive array of paleontologists, stratigraphers, and others first in high school, and then in college.
- For seismic stratigraphers, the combined high-resolution images and associated sampling control offer crucial information about the history of sea level changes over the last 50,000 years.
- The students of these obscure phosphatic scraps were thus much in demand as petroleum stratigraphers.
- The stratigrapher is expected to recognize patterns, similarities and difference between scales from different locations, matrices, portions of the fish's body, and states of preservation.

stratigraphic

adjective stratɪˈɡrafɪkˌstrædəˈɡræfɪk

The study area contains two regions with different Mesozoic stratigraphic successions and structures of different dimensions.
Example sentencesExamples
- Subsurface control on stratigraphic thicknesses and structural geometries is provided by rare well penetrations.
- The well data were used for stratigraphic and lithological analysis, for correlation of the depositional units and time to depth conversion.
- There is no stratigraphic or other geological evidence here for a break between the two volcanic episodes.
- In the following section, the results of the new field study and stratigraphic and volcanological interpretations are described.

stratigraphical

adjective stratɪˈɡrafɪk(ə)l

Second, there are many stratigraphical and palaeontological similarities in the Palaeogene successions of the Hampshire and London basins.
Example sentencesExamples
- The age of the Whin Sill complex and the associated dykes can be narrowed down to Late Carboniferous to Early Permian by stratigraphical evidence.
- The integration of palynology with stratigraphical analysis represents a significant advance, by facilitating a detailed chronostratigraphic chart of the Iberian Pyrite Belt.
- In the course of this work, Clark introduced the Ordovician stratigraphical terminology that is still in use in the Saint Lawrence Lowlands today.
- Two endmember scenarios are defined as possible models to explain the different mineral-chemical stratigraphical styles shown by turbidite sandstones.

stratigraphically

adverb stratɪˈɡrafɪkli

All these fossils are stratigraphically below the Siesta palaeosol in a glacial sequence deposited on the lower Oliver Platform.
Example sentencesExamples
- The ranges of the stratigraphically significant species can be integrated with the ranges of other species from different environments.
- Such a conclusion was to be expected for the Phyllite-Quartzite Group sample 1 because this is stratigraphically well below the Volcano-Sedimentary Complex.
- Petrographic and geochemical contrasts between sedimentary rocks and intercalated, or stratigraphically lower, primary volcanic facies are common in the Volcano-Sedimentary Complex.
- The results provide a useful reminder that the onshore regions (geological ‘highs’) are in fact atypical stratigraphically and are thus not the best places to define type sections.

Origin

Mid 19th century: from stratum + -graphy.

Definition of stratigraphy in US English:

stratigraphy

nounstrəˈtɪɡrəfistrəˈtiɡrəfē

1The branch of geology concerned with the order and relative position of strata and their relationship to the geological time scale.
地层学
Example sentencesExamples
- More than any other fossil collector in the western New York area, Tom paid attention to the scientific aspects of paleontology, stratigraphy, and geology in general.
- Despite his expanding interest in biological questions, Weller remained a strong proponent of stratigraphy and practical geology, both in the classroom and in research.
- Responding to Knight, he referred to stratigraphy as ‘the heart of geology’, and maintained that stratigraphy and paleontology were mutually dependent.
- Nearly three hundred years later, the rediscovery and elaboration of these principles would make possible modern stratigraphy and geological mapping.
- Much research has been of interest to, and sponsored by, the petroleum industry, and many facets of the research are as significant to stratigraphy and basin analysis as to palaeobiology
- With the new discipline of stratigraphy to hand, geological maps of both practical and academic value could be, and were, produced by surveyors and scholars towards the end of the eighteenth century.
- The sixty pages on palaeontology emphasize geology and stratigraphy and chiefly illustrate trilobites.
1. 1.1 The analysis of the order and position of layers of archaeological remains.
  考古遗迹层次排列和位置的分析
  Example sentencesExamples
  Lysons did not fully understand stratigraphy, and he mistook the date of the villa.
  In the final section Bosence and Wilson discuss the complexities of sequence stratigraphy in carbonate settings and introduce the use of numeric stratigraphic modeling for facies prediction.
  Such estimates of time-scale based on the stratigraphy of canyon fill will remain uncertain, however, until the nature of the fill is better understood.
  A series of new findings are now available, which permit the general Jurassic stratigraphy of Jabal Akhdar to be significantly refined.
  Although Lower Cambrian stratigraphy remains in a state of some uncertainty, therefore, it is possible at present to present a provisional view of the sequence of events in at least some areas of the world.
  A combination of radar facies analysis and radar stratigraphy has been used to interpret the radar profiles and define a relative chronology.
  Inspiration is gained from the actions of the archaeologist, using stratigraphy as a recording practice, that records spacio-temporal paradigms.
  The water depths used for this calculation were established by adopting the pattern of relative sea-level variations inferred from sequence stratigraphy.
  The geological mapping allowed a detailed revision of the regional stratigraphy.
  The relative chronology derived from the radar stratigraphy clearly shows that the dune has migrated from east to west.
  This initial stratigraphy is used as the platform to investigate the lava flow faciès distribution in more detail and from there to construct a 3D geological model of the lava field heterogeneity.
  Recent developments in Pleistocene stratigraphy have enabled a better correlation to be made of terrestrial sequences with the much more complete marine sequences.
  But unless you have already mastered vertebrate anatomy, Mesozoic stratigraphy, and phylogenetic analysis, it's probably not the place to begin.
  The up-to-date stratigraphy and earlier radiometric dates on these and other Late Precambrian rocks of this area are given in Pharaoh & Gibbons.
  Tertiary stratigraphy throws considerable light on landform and river development.
2. 1.2 The structure of a particular set of strata.
  地层的结构
  you can find materials at the surface which are samples from the deeper stratigraphy
  Example sentencesExamples
  At the museum, Cooper worked in contact with U.S. Geological Survey paleontologists whose concerns were brachiopods and Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy.
  Oscillating reactions are thought to play key roles in biological morphogenesis and geologic stratigraphy.
  Completing the exhibitions is a diorama of the geology of the area north of Johannesburg, the Magaliesburg area, that shows details of the region's topography, geology, and stratigraphy.
  The accepted stratigraphy of the Dalradian block is presented in Figure 1.
  The sills are structurally disrupted by the same tectonic features that imbricate other elements of the Bainang terrane stratigraphy.
  Conversely, there is during this time interval a general scarcity of erupted igneous rocks that can be reliably tied into relative stratigraphy.
  In this study we concentrate on the field relations and stratigraphy of the pyroclastic deposits within the lower volcanics.
  These rocks are generally divided into two major types in view of their lithology, internal stratigraphy and contact relationships with surrounding rocks.
  The late Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphy of northern Chile is shown in Figure 3.
  The overlying Pliocene reflections display a regular layer-cake stratigraphy of downwarped reflections defining a U-shaped depression.
  The volcanic stratigraphy, consisting dominantly of flood basalts with interbedded pyroclastic deposits, is well-exposed in East Greenland.
  Despite the relatively coherent chronological stratigraphy demonstrated at the ice patches, temporal gaps are evident.
  For details of reflection characteristics, especially in the Mesozoic stratigraphy, the reader is referred to the literature cited above.
  Recent work on Upper Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy in European basins has demonstrated that chalks provide valuable information on short- and long-term sea-level change.
  The recognition of an orogenic unconformity at the base of the Easdale Subgroup allows for a more realistic overall interpretation of Dalradian stratigraphy.
  Several other interruptions within the Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Zagros region have long been attributed to epirogeny.
  A second constraint on the timescale of canyon filling relates to the cyclic stratigraphy documented at the Umberatana syncline example.
  The ophiolite contains a complete igneous stratigraphy of serpentinized ultramafics, gabbro, sheeted dykes and pillow lavas, as described by Moores.
  Due to the cave's deep, complex stratigraphy, the geological context of associated material culture has been particularly challenging to interpret.
  The geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Cape Phillips Formation were noted by MacDonald.

Origin

Mid 19th century: from stratum + -graphy.

词汇	stratigraphy
释义	Definition of stratigraphy in English: stratigraphy noun strəˈtɪɡrəfistrəˈtɪɡrəfi mass noun 1The branch of geology concerned with the order and relative position of strata and their relationship to the geological timescale. 地层学 Example sentencesExamples Despite his expanding interest in biological questions, Weller remained a strong proponent of stratigraphy and practical geology, both in the classroom and in research. Much research has been of interest to, and sponsored by, the petroleum industry, and many facets of the research are as significant to stratigraphy and basin analysis as to palaeobiology Nearly three hundred years later, the rediscovery and elaboration of these principles would make possible modern stratigraphy and geological mapping. More than any other fossil collector in the western New York area, Tom paid attention to the scientific aspects of paleontology, stratigraphy, and geology in general. The sixty pages on palaeontology emphasize geology and stratigraphy and chiefly illustrate trilobites. Responding to Knight, he referred to stratigraphy as ‘the heart of geology’, and maintained that stratigraphy and paleontology were mutually dependent. With the new discipline of stratigraphy to hand, geological maps of both practical and academic value could be, and were, produced by surveyors and scholars towards the end of the eighteenth century. 1.1 The analysis of the order and position of layers of archaeological remains. 考古遗迹层次排列和位置的分析 Example sentencesExamples In the final section Bosence and Wilson discuss the complexities of sequence stratigraphy in carbonate settings and introduce the use of numeric stratigraphic modeling for facies prediction. The geological mapping allowed a detailed revision of the regional stratigraphy. Inspiration is gained from the actions of the archaeologist, using stratigraphy as a recording practice, that records spacio-temporal paradigms. Such estimates of time-scale based on the stratigraphy of canyon fill will remain uncertain, however, until the nature of the fill is better understood. Tertiary stratigraphy throws considerable light on landform and river development. The up-to-date stratigraphy and earlier radiometric dates on these and other Late Precambrian rocks of this area are given in Pharaoh & Gibbons. Lysons did not fully understand stratigraphy, and he mistook the date of the villa. The water depths used for this calculation were established by adopting the pattern of relative sea-level variations inferred from sequence stratigraphy. This initial stratigraphy is used as the platform to investigate the lava flow faciès distribution in more detail and from there to construct a 3D geological model of the lava field heterogeneity. But unless you have already mastered vertebrate anatomy, Mesozoic stratigraphy, and phylogenetic analysis, it's probably not the place to begin. Although Lower Cambrian stratigraphy remains in a state of some uncertainty, therefore, it is possible at present to present a provisional view of the sequence of events in at least some areas of the world. The relative chronology derived from the radar stratigraphy clearly shows that the dune has migrated from east to west. Recent developments in Pleistocene stratigraphy have enabled a better correlation to be made of terrestrial sequences with the much more complete marine sequences. A combination of radar facies analysis and radar stratigraphy has been used to interpret the radar profiles and define a relative chronology. A series of new findings are now available, which permit the general Jurassic stratigraphy of Jabal Akhdar to be significantly refined. 1.2 The structure of a particular set of strata. 地层的结构 you can find materials at the surface which are samples from the deeper stratigraphy Example sentencesExamples The overlying Pliocene reflections display a regular layer-cake stratigraphy of downwarped reflections defining a U-shaped depression. Despite the relatively coherent chronological stratigraphy demonstrated at the ice patches, temporal gaps are evident. The geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Cape Phillips Formation were noted by MacDonald. Due to the cave's deep, complex stratigraphy, the geological context of associated material culture has been particularly challenging to interpret. A second constraint on the timescale of canyon filling relates to the cyclic stratigraphy documented at the Umberatana syncline example. Completing the exhibitions is a diorama of the geology of the area north of Johannesburg, the Magaliesburg area, that shows details of the region's topography, geology, and stratigraphy. The late Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphy of northern Chile is shown in Figure 3. Conversely, there is during this time interval a general scarcity of erupted igneous rocks that can be reliably tied into relative stratigraphy. Oscillating reactions are thought to play key roles in biological morphogenesis and geologic stratigraphy. The accepted stratigraphy of the Dalradian block is presented in Figure 1. The volcanic stratigraphy, consisting dominantly of flood basalts with interbedded pyroclastic deposits, is well-exposed in East Greenland. The sills are structurally disrupted by the same tectonic features that imbricate other elements of the Bainang terrane stratigraphy. For details of reflection characteristics, especially in the Mesozoic stratigraphy, the reader is referred to the literature cited above. At the museum, Cooper worked in contact with U.S. Geological Survey paleontologists whose concerns were brachiopods and Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy. Several other interruptions within the Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Zagros region have long been attributed to epirogeny. The recognition of an orogenic unconformity at the base of the Easdale Subgroup allows for a more realistic overall interpretation of Dalradian stratigraphy. In this study we concentrate on the field relations and stratigraphy of the pyroclastic deposits within the lower volcanics. Recent work on Upper Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy in European basins has demonstrated that chalks provide valuable information on short- and long-term sea-level change. The ophiolite contains a complete igneous stratigraphy of serpentinized ultramafics, gabbro, sheeted dykes and pillow lavas, as described by Moores. These rocks are generally divided into two major types in view of their lithology, internal stratigraphy and contact relationships with surrounding rocks. Derivatives stratigrapher noun He taught and supervised the work of an entire generation of Chinese stratigraphers and palaeontologists. Example sentencesExamples Those key ingredients were reinforced and nurtured by an impressive array of paleontologists, stratigraphers, and others first in high school, and then in college. For seismic stratigraphers, the combined high-resolution images and associated sampling control offer crucial information about the history of sea level changes over the last 50,000 years. The students of these obscure phosphatic scraps were thus much in demand as petroleum stratigraphers. The stratigrapher is expected to recognize patterns, similarities and difference between scales from different locations, matrices, portions of the fish's body, and states of preservation. stratigraphic adjective stratɪˈɡrafɪkˌstrædəˈɡræfɪk The study area contains two regions with different Mesozoic stratigraphic successions and structures of different dimensions. Example sentencesExamples Subsurface control on stratigraphic thicknesses and structural geometries is provided by rare well penetrations. The well data were used for stratigraphic and lithological analysis, for correlation of the depositional units and time to depth conversion. There is no stratigraphic or other geological evidence here for a break between the two volcanic episodes. In the following section, the results of the new field study and stratigraphic and volcanological interpretations are described. stratigraphical adjective stratɪˈɡrafɪk(ə)l Second, there are many stratigraphical and palaeontological similarities in the Palaeogene successions of the Hampshire and London basins. Example sentencesExamples The age of the Whin Sill complex and the associated dykes can be narrowed down to Late Carboniferous to Early Permian by stratigraphical evidence. The integration of palynology with stratigraphical analysis represents a significant advance, by facilitating a detailed chronostratigraphic chart of the Iberian Pyrite Belt. In the course of this work, Clark introduced the Ordovician stratigraphical terminology that is still in use in the Saint Lawrence Lowlands today. Two endmember scenarios are defined as possible models to explain the different mineral-chemical stratigraphical styles shown by turbidite sandstones. stratigraphically adverb stratɪˈɡrafɪkli All these fossils are stratigraphically below the Siesta palaeosol in a glacial sequence deposited on the lower Oliver Platform. Example sentencesExamples The ranges of the stratigraphically significant species can be integrated with the ranges of other species from different environments. Such a conclusion was to be expected for the Phyllite-Quartzite Group sample 1 because this is stratigraphically well below the Volcano-Sedimentary Complex. Petrographic and geochemical contrasts between sedimentary rocks and intercalated, or stratigraphically lower, primary volcanic facies are common in the Volcano-Sedimentary Complex. The results provide a useful reminder that the onshore regions (geological ‘highs’) are in fact atypical stratigraphically and are thus not the best places to define type sections. Origin Mid 19th century: from stratum + -graphy. Definition of stratigraphy in US English: stratigraphy nounstrəˈtɪɡrəfistrəˈtiɡrəfē 1The branch of geology concerned with the order and relative position of strata and their relationship to the geological time scale. 地层学 Example sentencesExamples More than any other fossil collector in the western New York area, Tom paid attention to the scientific aspects of paleontology, stratigraphy, and geology in general. Despite his expanding interest in biological questions, Weller remained a strong proponent of stratigraphy and practical geology, both in the classroom and in research. Responding to Knight, he referred to stratigraphy as ‘the heart of geology’, and maintained that stratigraphy and paleontology were mutually dependent. Nearly three hundred years later, the rediscovery and elaboration of these principles would make possible modern stratigraphy and geological mapping. Much research has been of interest to, and sponsored by, the petroleum industry, and many facets of the research are as significant to stratigraphy and basin analysis as to palaeobiology With the new discipline of stratigraphy to hand, geological maps of both practical and academic value could be, and were, produced by surveyors and scholars towards the end of the eighteenth century. The sixty pages on palaeontology emphasize geology and stratigraphy and chiefly illustrate trilobites. 1.1 The analysis of the order and position of layers of archaeological remains. 考古遗迹层次排列和位置的分析 Example sentencesExamples Lysons did not fully understand stratigraphy, and he mistook the date of the villa. In the final section Bosence and Wilson discuss the complexities of sequence stratigraphy in carbonate settings and introduce the use of numeric stratigraphic modeling for facies prediction. Such estimates of time-scale based on the stratigraphy of canyon fill will remain uncertain, however, until the nature of the fill is better understood. A series of new findings are now available, which permit the general Jurassic stratigraphy of Jabal Akhdar to be significantly refined. Although Lower Cambrian stratigraphy remains in a state of some uncertainty, therefore, it is possible at present to present a provisional view of the sequence of events in at least some areas of the world. A combination of radar facies analysis and radar stratigraphy has been used to interpret the radar profiles and define a relative chronology. Inspiration is gained from the actions of the archaeologist, using stratigraphy as a recording practice, that records spacio-temporal paradigms. The water depths used for this calculation were established by adopting the pattern of relative sea-level variations inferred from sequence stratigraphy. The geological mapping allowed a detailed revision of the regional stratigraphy. The relative chronology derived from the radar stratigraphy clearly shows that the dune has migrated from east to west. This initial stratigraphy is used as the platform to investigate the lava flow faciès distribution in more detail and from there to construct a 3D geological model of the lava field heterogeneity. Recent developments in Pleistocene stratigraphy have enabled a better correlation to be made of terrestrial sequences with the much more complete marine sequences. But unless you have already mastered vertebrate anatomy, Mesozoic stratigraphy, and phylogenetic analysis, it's probably not the place to begin. The up-to-date stratigraphy and earlier radiometric dates on these and other Late Precambrian rocks of this area are given in Pharaoh & Gibbons. Tertiary stratigraphy throws considerable light on landform and river development. 1.2 The structure of a particular set of strata. 地层的结构 you can find materials at the surface which are samples from the deeper stratigraphy Example sentencesExamples At the museum, Cooper worked in contact with U.S. Geological Survey paleontologists whose concerns were brachiopods and Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy. Oscillating reactions are thought to play key roles in biological morphogenesis and geologic stratigraphy. Completing the exhibitions is a diorama of the geology of the area north of Johannesburg, the Magaliesburg area, that shows details of the region's topography, geology, and stratigraphy. The accepted stratigraphy of the Dalradian block is presented in Figure 1. The sills are structurally disrupted by the same tectonic features that imbricate other elements of the Bainang terrane stratigraphy. Conversely, there is during this time interval a general scarcity of erupted igneous rocks that can be reliably tied into relative stratigraphy. In this study we concentrate on the field relations and stratigraphy of the pyroclastic deposits within the lower volcanics. These rocks are generally divided into two major types in view of their lithology, internal stratigraphy and contact relationships with surrounding rocks. The late Mesozoic and Cenozoic stratigraphy of northern Chile is shown in Figure 3. The overlying Pliocene reflections display a regular layer-cake stratigraphy of downwarped reflections defining a U-shaped depression. The volcanic stratigraphy, consisting dominantly of flood basalts with interbedded pyroclastic deposits, is well-exposed in East Greenland. Despite the relatively coherent chronological stratigraphy demonstrated at the ice patches, temporal gaps are evident. For details of reflection characteristics, especially in the Mesozoic stratigraphy, the reader is referred to the literature cited above. Recent work on Upper Cretaceous sequence stratigraphy in European basins has demonstrated that chalks provide valuable information on short- and long-term sea-level change. The recognition of an orogenic unconformity at the base of the Easdale Subgroup allows for a more realistic overall interpretation of Dalradian stratigraphy. Several other interruptions within the Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Zagros region have long been attributed to epirogeny. A second constraint on the timescale of canyon filling relates to the cyclic stratigraphy documented at the Umberatana syncline example. The ophiolite contains a complete igneous stratigraphy of serpentinized ultramafics, gabbro, sheeted dykes and pillow lavas, as described by Moores. Due to the cave's deep, complex stratigraphy, the geological context of associated material culture has been particularly challenging to interpret. The geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Cape Phillips Formation were noted by MacDonald. Origin Mid 19th century: from stratum + -graphy.
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