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词汇 till
释义

till1

conjunction & preposition tɪl
  • less formal way of saying until
    Example sentencesExamples
    • The have to order them so I can't start wearing them till next week.
    • It's not an easy pill to swallow for Canadians, but it's time to test the patience and just wait till next year.
    • The police refused till the previous owners were tracked down and said that would require too much police work.
    • From now till next spring the club will organise outings, competitions and fundraising events.
    • My case was different because I waited till my college graduation to take time off.
    • She may not even last till the end of her six-year term if she is weakened by any disenchantment.
    • Of course, because it's New Year, you're forced to stay out till at least 1am.
    • So back and forth went the stiff haggling till we reached a compromise.
    • As it happens, the lads are a little bleary-eyed today, having partied till late the previous night.
    • That is a sight I will remember till I die, long after the sight of the Hollywood sign has faded far from view.
    • He apologises for being a bit dazed; he was here till 3am the night before.
    • It's fixed up and polished till it proudly gleams again and catches the eye of yet another prospective owner.
    • Guess audiences will have to wait till the opening night to find out if the adaptation hooks them as much as it did the director.
    • On the whole, in Hollywood, they only hate you till they need you.
    • I'll carry on modelling until I get fed up with it, till I decide I want to do something a bit more with my life.
    • We sing for four to four-and-a-half hours, and everyone listens till the end.
    • This fast he would carry out till the end, or until the Government of India relented.
    • The revelers partied on till midnight, until everyone had their fill of food, drink and dancing.
    • Plenty of times he has sat up till over 4am with a sick person in the parish and would still be up for Mass the next morning.
    • I didn't think she was going to hang on till the end, but she did.
    Synonyms
    until, up to, up till, up until, as late as, up to the time of/that, until such time as, pending
    North American through
    before, prior to, previous to, up to, until, up until, up till, earlier than, in advance of, ante-, pre-

Usage

In most contexts, till and until have the same meaning and are interchangeable. The main difference is that till is generally considered to be more informal than until. Until occurs much more frequently than till in writing. In addition, until tends to be the natural choice at the beginning of a sentence: until very recently, there was still a chance of rescuing the situation. Interestingly, while it is commonly assumed that till is an abbreviated form of until (the spellings 'till and 'til reflect this), till is in fact the earlier form. Until appears to have been formed by the addition of Old Norse und (‘as far as’) several hundred years after the date of the first records for till

Origin

Old English til, of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse til 'to', also ultimately to till3.

Rhymes

bill, Brazil, brill, Camille, chill, cookchill, dill, distil (US distill), downhill, drill, Edgehill, Estoril, fill, freewill, frill, fulfil (US fulfill), Gill, goodwill, grill, grille, hill, ill, instil, kill, krill, mil, mill, nil, Phil, pill, quadrille, quill, rill, Seville, shill, shrill, sill, skill, spadille, spill, squill, still, stock-still, swill, thill, thrill, trill, twill, until, uphill, will

till2

noun tɪltɪl
  • A cash register or drawer for money in a shop, bank, or restaurant.

    (商店、银行或饭店的)现金出纳机;放钱的抽屉;钱柜

    there were queues at the till
    checkout tills
    Example sentencesExamples
    • The robbers forced the drawers from the two tills on the main counter and the drive-through and ran off with an undisclosed amount of money.
    • He said it probably belonged to an engineer who was repairing one of the service tills on Friday.
    • But when the shop assistant opened the till, the thief grabbed the notes and made off.
    • He then ordered an employee to turn over money from both of the shop's tills.
    • In some cases, retailers are also using advances in electronic technology to link tills to cigarette dispensing machines.
    • Whilst waiting for a member of staff to fetch the card, the man produced a gun, jumped over the counter and took money from both tills.
    • What follows is the city economy in decline, no money in the tills and shops closing.
    • That went fine until they opened the till to pull out the cash.
    • Thieves grabbed cash from a till in a wine shop and escaped with about £190.
    • The pair, both wearing black balaclavas, held three women at gunpoint with a small black pistol, while demanding money from the tills.
    • They took money from the till and a quantity of cigarettes after threatening staff.
    • The assistant had taken the money and opened the till, when the man jumped over the counter and pushed her.
    • Previously thriving tea rooms and the farm shops were empty and tills stood idle.
    • Shop staff have been warned to be on their guard after two men tried to steal money from a till.
    • Why not scrap all parking fees for, say, one month, and hear the shop tills ring?
    • Crowds of shoppers queued to get in shops and then queued at the tills.
    • As well as the money ringing in charity shop tills, they collect throughout the day, choosing a local good cause to benefit.
    • Questions were raised as to why barcodes were missing from stock and receipts were not used when money passed through the shop tills.
    • I would guess they just tot up the totals and check that the till has that much money in it.
    • I work harder than most people here, sell more beer, take more money, and my tills are always spot on at the end of the night.
    Synonyms
    cash register, cash box, cash drawer, strongbox
    checkout, cash desk, pay desk, counter

Phrases

  • have (or with) one's fingers (or hand) in the till

    • Used in reference to theft from one's place of work.

      在本单位行窃,作内贼

      he was caught with his hand in the till and sacked

      他在本单位行窃时被当场抓住并被解雇。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Similarly, recent years have seen Belgian politicians snared with their fingers in the till.
      • A bar worker at a the hotel was caught with his fingers in the till after management set up a covert surveillance system.
      • He has, in effect, been caught with his hand in the till.
      • A fish restaurant manageress falsely accused her employer of tax fraud when she was caught with her hand in the till, York Crown Court heard.
      • He ran a bank in Jordan in the 1980s, but had to flee Amman in 1989 when he allegedly was caught with his hand in the till.
      • Of course, then he was caught with his hand in the till.
      • Now his successor has been caught with his fingers in the till.
      • Instances abound of corrupt politicians, caught beyond a shadow of doubt with their hand in the till, comfortably re-elected in the very next election.
      • That poor bloke has been caught with his hand in the till over his EU expenses.
      • He got caught with his hand in the till so to speak.
      Synonyms
      steal, thieve, rob one's employer, help oneself, embezzle, misappropriate funds
      rare peculate, defalcate

Origin

Late Middle English (in the general sense 'drawer or compartment for valuables'): of unknown origin.

till3

verb tɪltɪl
[with object]
  • Prepare and cultivate (land) for crops.

    耕,犁

    no land was being tilled or crops sown

    土地都尚未耕,庄稼也未播种。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The Tongas whose major occupation has been agriculture used livestock for tilling the land, getting milk for sale and home consumption.
    • Just a quarter of the country's farm land is tilled under valid land use contracts.
    • This is because correct land selection is the most important aspect every grower should consider before tilling their land.
    • Marty and Clark have settled into their married life together, busily tilling the land and tending to their two youngest children.
    • But should we not remember who it was who broke the land and tilled the soil?
    • But the essence is to offer those local farmers and communities a different and better way of tilling their land, of growing things properly in a law abiding way.
    • Delia and Jimmy were farming people who tilled the land and looked after the livestock.
    • The participants also learnt that tilling their land every season was a bad practice which led to poor yields as the soil's chemistry and physics were destabilised.
    • Some land was tilled, mainly for the cultivation of oats that formed a staple part of the diet of the settler community.
    • They were farming people who worked and tilled the land and raised livestock.
    • Aggie and her husband Pat were farming people who tilled the land, harvested the crops and raised livestock.
    • Settlers tilled the land, maintained livestock, and fished along the shore.
    • More than 80 percent of Palestinians lived in villages and tilled the land of absentee landlords.
    • If all those workers had remained tilling the land, America would now be a lot poorer.
    • Land records are rarely updated, and people who have been tilling the land for years after inheriting it from their parents are not listed as co-sharers.
    • The British arrived from a land of neat farms, specific hedgerows, a regular cycle of tilling the land and a cultivation timetable based on seasons.
    • Consequently, the landless formulated a code of their own for agrarian reform, based on the principle that only those directly tilling the land had a right to own it.
    • The farmers tilled the arable land and the grazers fed their herds in land unfit for farming.
    • The fields can no longer be tilled because the crops won't grow any more.
    • The cave where their grandfather lived while he tilled the land for the first time stood behind us.
    Synonyms
    cultivate, work, farm, plough, dig, spade, turn over, turn up, break up, loosen, harrow, prepare, fertilize, plant
    literary delve

Derivatives

  • tillable

  • adjective ˈtɪləb(ə)lˈtɪləb(ə)l
    • It should be stated that the purchase of additional tillable land was not financed by the program.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • ‘Only about 5 acres were tillable,’ he recalls.
      • Less than 20 percent of its 31,000 square miles are tillable because of the rocky terrain.
      • The land consists of 30 acres of tillable fields, a creek, and hundreds of tall maple trees.
      • ‘It had just three acres of tillable ground on a beautiful mountain side, but very rocky, rough conditions,’ Andrew remembers.

Origin

Old English tilian 'strive for, obtain by effort', of Germanic origin; related to Dutch telen 'produce, cultivate' and German zielen 'aim, strive', also ultimately to till1. The current sense dates from Middle English.

till4

noun tɪltɪl
mass nounGeology
  • Boulder clay or other sediment deposited by melting glaciers or ice sheets.

    〔地质〕冰碛(物)

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Glacial tills (boulder clays) and their ancient equivalents, tillites, are of this type.

Origin

Late 17th century (originally Scots, denoting shale): of unknown origin.

till1

preposition & conjunctiontɪltil
  • less formal way of saying until
    Example sentencesExamples
    • On the whole, in Hollywood, they only hate you till they need you.
    • It's not an easy pill to swallow for Canadians, but it's time to test the patience and just wait till next year.
    • Plenty of times he has sat up till over 4am with a sick person in the parish and would still be up for Mass the next morning.
    • As it happens, the lads are a little bleary-eyed today, having partied till late the previous night.
    • The have to order them so I can't start wearing them till next week.
    • I didn't think she was going to hang on till the end, but she did.
    • This fast he would carry out till the end, or until the Government of India relented.
    • From now till next spring the club will organise outings, competitions and fundraising events.
    • The police refused till the previous owners were tracked down and said that would require too much police work.
    • We sing for four to four-and-a-half hours, and everyone listens till the end.
    • So back and forth went the stiff haggling till we reached a compromise.
    • I'll carry on modelling until I get fed up with it, till I decide I want to do something a bit more with my life.
    • Guess audiences will have to wait till the opening night to find out if the adaptation hooks them as much as it did the director.
    • The revelers partied on till midnight, until everyone had their fill of food, drink and dancing.
    • My case was different because I waited till my college graduation to take time off.
    • That is a sight I will remember till I die, long after the sight of the Hollywood sign has faded far from view.
    • Of course, because it's New Year, you're forced to stay out till at least 1am.
    • She may not even last till the end of her six-year term if she is weakened by any disenchantment.
    • It's fixed up and polished till it proudly gleams again and catches the eye of yet another prospective owner.
    • He apologises for being a bit dazed; he was here till 3am the night before.
    Synonyms
    until, up to, up till, up until, as late as, up to the time of, up to the time that, until such time as, pending
    before, prior to, previous to, up to, until, up until, up till, earlier than, in advance of, ante-, pre-
    before, prior to, previous to, up to, until, up until, up till, earlier than, in advance of, ante-, pre-
    until, up to, up till, up until, as late as, up to the time of, up to the time that, until such time as, pending

Usage

In most contexts, till and until have the same meaning and are interchangeable. The main difference is that till is generally considered to be more informal than until. Until occurs much more frequently than till in writing. In addition, until tends to be the natural choice at the beginning of a sentence: until very recently, there was still a chance of rescuing the situation. Interestingly, while it is commonly assumed that till is an abbreviated form of until (the spellings 'till and 'til reflect this), till is in fact the earlier form. Until appears to have been formed by the addition of Old Norse und (“as far as”) several hundred years after the date of the first records for till

Origin

Old English til, of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse til ‘to’, also ultimately to till.

till2

nountiltɪl
  • A cash register or drawer for money in a store, bank, or restaurant.

    (商店、银行或饭店的)现金出纳机;放钱的抽屉;钱柜

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The pair, both wearing black balaclavas, held three women at gunpoint with a small black pistol, while demanding money from the tills.
    • I work harder than most people here, sell more beer, take more money, and my tills are always spot on at the end of the night.
    • Previously thriving tea rooms and the farm shops were empty and tills stood idle.
    • Shop staff have been warned to be on their guard after two men tried to steal money from a till.
    • The robbers forced the drawers from the two tills on the main counter and the drive-through and ran off with an undisclosed amount of money.
    • He then ordered an employee to turn over money from both of the shop's tills.
    • The assistant had taken the money and opened the till, when the man jumped over the counter and pushed her.
    • Why not scrap all parking fees for, say, one month, and hear the shop tills ring?
    • In some cases, retailers are also using advances in electronic technology to link tills to cigarette dispensing machines.
    • As well as the money ringing in charity shop tills, they collect throughout the day, choosing a local good cause to benefit.
    • That went fine until they opened the till to pull out the cash.
    • But when the shop assistant opened the till, the thief grabbed the notes and made off.
    • Crowds of shoppers queued to get in shops and then queued at the tills.
    • Questions were raised as to why barcodes were missing from stock and receipts were not used when money passed through the shop tills.
    • What follows is the city economy in decline, no money in the tills and shops closing.
    • Thieves grabbed cash from a till in a wine shop and escaped with about £190.
    • He said it probably belonged to an engineer who was repairing one of the service tills on Friday.
    • They took money from the till and a quantity of cigarettes after threatening staff.
    • Whilst waiting for a member of staff to fetch the card, the man produced a gun, jumped over the counter and took money from both tills.
    • I would guess they just tot up the totals and check that the till has that much money in it.
    Synonyms
    cash register, cash box, cash drawer, strongbox

Phrases

  • have (or with) one's fingers (or hand) in the till

    • Used in reference to theft from one's place of work.

      在本单位行窃,作内贼

      he was caught with his hand in the till and sacked

      他在本单位行窃时被当场抓住并被解雇。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • He ran a bank in Jordan in the 1980s, but had to flee Amman in 1989 when he allegedly was caught with his hand in the till.
      • He has, in effect, been caught with his hand in the till.
      • Similarly, recent years have seen Belgian politicians snared with their fingers in the till.
      • He got caught with his hand in the till so to speak.
      • A fish restaurant manageress falsely accused her employer of tax fraud when she was caught with her hand in the till, York Crown Court heard.
      • Of course, then he was caught with his hand in the till.
      • That poor bloke has been caught with his hand in the till over his EU expenses.
      • Now his successor has been caught with his fingers in the till.
      • A bar worker at a the hotel was caught with his fingers in the till after management set up a covert surveillance system.
      • Instances abound of corrupt politicians, caught beyond a shadow of doubt with their hand in the till, comfortably re-elected in the very next election.
      Synonyms
      steal, thieve, rob one's employer, help oneself, embezzle, misappropriate funds

Origin

Late Middle English (in the general sense ‘drawer or compartment for valuables’): of unknown origin.

till3

verbtiltɪl
[with object]
  • Prepare and cultivate (land) for crops.

    耕,犁

    no land was being tilled or crops sown

    土地都尚未耕,庄稼也未播种。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Delia and Jimmy were farming people who tilled the land and looked after the livestock.
    • The fields can no longer be tilled because the crops won't grow any more.
    • Consequently, the landless formulated a code of their own for agrarian reform, based on the principle that only those directly tilling the land had a right to own it.
    • The participants also learnt that tilling their land every season was a bad practice which led to poor yields as the soil's chemistry and physics were destabilised.
    • The farmers tilled the arable land and the grazers fed their herds in land unfit for farming.
    • But should we not remember who it was who broke the land and tilled the soil?
    • If all those workers had remained tilling the land, America would now be a lot poorer.
    • More than 80 percent of Palestinians lived in villages and tilled the land of absentee landlords.
    • Marty and Clark have settled into their married life together, busily tilling the land and tending to their two youngest children.
    • The British arrived from a land of neat farms, specific hedgerows, a regular cycle of tilling the land and a cultivation timetable based on seasons.
    • Some land was tilled, mainly for the cultivation of oats that formed a staple part of the diet of the settler community.
    • Aggie and her husband Pat were farming people who tilled the land, harvested the crops and raised livestock.
    • The Tongas whose major occupation has been agriculture used livestock for tilling the land, getting milk for sale and home consumption.
    • But the essence is to offer those local farmers and communities a different and better way of tilling their land, of growing things properly in a law abiding way.
    • Settlers tilled the land, maintained livestock, and fished along the shore.
    • Land records are rarely updated, and people who have been tilling the land for years after inheriting it from their parents are not listed as co-sharers.
    • This is because correct land selection is the most important aspect every grower should consider before tilling their land.
    • The cave where their grandfather lived while he tilled the land for the first time stood behind us.
    • Just a quarter of the country's farm land is tilled under valid land use contracts.
    • They were farming people who worked and tilled the land and raised livestock.
    Synonyms
    cultivate, work, farm, plough, dig, spade, turn over, turn up, break up, loosen, harrow, prepare, fertilize, plant

Origin

Old English tilian ‘strive for, obtain by effort’, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch telen ‘produce, cultivate’ and German zielen ‘aim, strive’, also ultimately to till. The current sense dates from Middle English.

till4

nountiltɪl
Geology
  • A sediment consisting of particles of various sizes and deposited by melting glaciers or ice sheets.

    〔地质〕冰碛(物)

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Glacial tills (boulder clays) and their ancient equivalents, tillites, are of this type.

Origin

Late 17th century (originally Scots, denoting shale): of unknown origin.

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