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词汇 torsion
释义

Definition of torsion in English:

torsion

noun ˈtɔːʃ(ə)nˈtɔrʃən
mass noun
  • 1The action of twisting or the state of being twisted, especially of one end of an object relative to the other.

    扭,反扭

    Example sentencesExamples
    • A torsion typical of anamorphosis twists the image, crumples it and alters it, attempting to introduce the eccentrical into the field of view.
    • The major reason for this was that the barrier joints were weak in torsion and when impacted by a vehicle, instead of sliding over, the barrier pitched allowing the vehicle to readily ride up the side.
    • The overall conformational energy of a molecular system is presented as the sum of van-der-Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, and torsion energies.
    • Axial, shear, and torsion stresses were relatively low compared with bending stresses for both species.
    • Hydrophobic interactions and other geometrically nonspecific interactions are lumped together and modeled using effective torsion, v, and H-bond to solvent, u, energy terms.
    • The intramolecularly averaged torsion angles Î and Î are related quantities because these torsions control the glucose tilt angles.
    • These structures are highly polymorphic and the strand polarity and glycosidic torsion angles are affected by the nature of the cations, the connecting loops, the capping bases, and the presence of other bases.
    • If the pole has not got sufficient strength, there is a tendency to torsion or slight movement which renders the installation futile.
    • Our few preserved large bronze statues make a striking contrast to the many extant statuettes, whose complex movements and marked torsion make them strongly three-dimensional.
    • The downward shift is attributed to a decrease of the bond order of C 13 = C 14 due to its torsion.
    • We have indicated that the salt-bridge stretching mechanism involves solely reorientation of the positively charged polarized bonds due to torsion of the polyene chain at the linkage to Lys - 296.
    • As the cantilever executes small torsion resonant oscillations by twisting about its long axis, the cantilever's free end and the AFM tip rotate a very small angle about that axis.
    • In the human lumbar spine their angulation limits torsion, at a single intervertebral joint, to about 30.
    • The main difference is that in the present case there is no free rotation around the linker, and so torsion is transmitted.
    • As only library rotamers are used for heavy atom conformers, these are near torsion minima and their torsion energies are set to zero.
    • The VVA team leaned toward using self-piercing rivets to join components, but after testing the method under impacts and torsion loads found that the rivets alone wouldn't be enough.
    • Perhaps the length of the girdle elements was designed precisely to prevent and dampen torsion while making the most of the relatively small vertical motions possible with a lizard-like leg structure.
    • In turn, every backbone torsion angle was tested as a potential hinge point.
    • In addition, the Ramachandran Z-score, which measures deviation of backbone torsion angles from commonly seen distributions, was well within the normal range of values.
    • The hollow-section aluminum control arms, highly rigid in torsion and flex, absorb a large portion of the forces acting on the wheels.
    1. 1.1 The twisting of the cut end of an artery after surgery to impede bleeding.
      (手术后为止血而)将割断的动脉扭转
    2. 1.2Mathematics The extent to which a curve departs from being planar.
      〔数〕挠率
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The first application as a numerical method, however, was given by Courant in 1943 in his solution of a torsion problem.
      • And, yes, the frame is a whole lot stiffer than the predecessor: 2.5 times better in bending, and 2.8 times better in torsion.
      • The Ferrari measured just under 16,000 ib.ft. per degree of torsion.
      • A deeper characterization of a helix is that it is the unique curve in 3-space for which the ratio of curvature to torsion is a constant, a result known as Lancret's Theorem.
      • The torsion of the distal plane relative to the proximal plane is about 60 degrees.
      • Bending and torsional stiffness are 31% greater than the baseline, with a natural frequency of 25.0 Hz in torsion and 27.8 Hz in vertical bending.
      • The slope of the plot from the absolute temperature against the mean square angular displacements of Trp residues determines an averaged value of the elastic torsion that the protein exerts on its Trp residues.
      • This situation rather suggests that the fluorescence spectrum is an ensemble average over molecules with different degrees of torsion.
      • Because the present calculation is based on the force field method, the calculated result should be taken as expressing the qualitative feature of the torsion potential even if we sometimes mention numerical values.
      • Thus, the local curvature and torsion of the ribbon are dependent on the local chemical state.
      • The fourth and final step is an inspection of each one-dimensional representation, which will therefore reveal the optimum value for the respective torsion.
    3. 1.3Zoology (in a gastropod mollusc) the spontaneous twisting of the visceral hump through 180° during larval development.
      〔动〕扭转
      Example sentencesExamples
      • They also questioned the relationship between torsion and muscle scar position by noting that retractor muscles form after torsion on at least some gastropods.
      • This is because, unlike gastropods, ‘Tergomyans’ have not undergone torsion.
      • The columellar location of the gastropod retractor muscle is thought to be an effect of torsion.
      • Numerous hypotheses exist positing torsion as either a larval or adult adaptation, but none are entirely satisfactory.
      • The combination of hinge teeth with a cementing habit is interpreted as a defense strategy inhibiting torsion of the valves as well as manipulation of the animal as a whole.
      • A major characteristic of gastropods is the torsion of their bodies: the posterior part of the mantle cavity is rotated laterally and anteriorly so that it comes to lie above the head.
      • Using a functional definition, with Gastropoda defined solely by the presence of torsion, this is the clade that represents the class as defined by Cuvier.
      • Some species reverse torsion, but evidence of having passed through a twisted phase can be seen in the anatomy of these forms.
      • The relatively small single aperture forces the anus to lie close to the mouth, and the gut is bent into a ‘U’ shape or (with gastropods) twisted on account of torsion.
      • Figure 4 shows a fiber in a single lamella being stretched by torsion.
      • Of all molluscan clades, only the gastropods undergo torsion.

Derivatives

  • torsional

  • adjective ˈtɔːʃ(ə)n(ə)lˈtɔrʃ(ə)n(ə)l
    • Relating to or resulting from torsion.

      torsional stress
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The annulus has overlapping radial bands, not unlike the plies of a radial tire, and this allows torsional stresses to be distributed through the annulus under normal loading without rupture.
      • The extra length is achieved simply by using longer extrusions in the construction of the body without any loss in torsional rigidity.
      • The torsional stiffness of the 75 Tourer body is far higher than most equivalent class saloons and sets new standards for estates.
  • torsionally

  • adverb
    • But when they oscillate both torsionally - twisting - and horizontally, the bridge breaks.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Those of you who relish a spirited drive will appreciate the fact that the current car's chassis is three times more torsionally rigid than the rather noodle-like old 9-3.
      • This lightweight sportscar shares the strong, torsionally stiff construction of the XJ executive saloon.
  • torsionless

  • adjective
    • In this paper we study a condition right FGTF on a ring R, namely when all finitely generated torsionless right R-modules embed in a free module.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The transfer sheet is wound around the torsionless pipe such that stencil characters are directly inwardly.
      • Gis the Einstein tensor in curved spacetime and T is an unknown tensor with mixed symmetry (of the known Riemann tensor for a torsionless manifold) which is actually specified by that vertical bar.
      • The conclusion is that reinforced concrete flat slabs could be designed using torsionless moment fields using the discontinuity line analysis.

Origin

Late Middle English (as a medical term denoting colic or in the sense 'twisting' (especially of a loop of the intestine)): via Old French from late Latin torsio(n-), variant of tortio(n-) 'twisting, torture', from Latin torquere 'to twist'.

Rhymes

abortion, apportion, caution, contortion, distortion, extortion, portion, proportion, retortion

Definition of torsion in US English:

torsion

nounˈtɔrʃənˈtôrSHən
  • 1The action of twisting or the state of being twisted, especially of one end of an object relative to the other.

    扭,反扭

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The hollow-section aluminum control arms, highly rigid in torsion and flex, absorb a large portion of the forces acting on the wheels.
    • As the cantilever executes small torsion resonant oscillations by twisting about its long axis, the cantilever's free end and the AFM tip rotate a very small angle about that axis.
    • These structures are highly polymorphic and the strand polarity and glycosidic torsion angles are affected by the nature of the cations, the connecting loops, the capping bases, and the presence of other bases.
    • Our few preserved large bronze statues make a striking contrast to the many extant statuettes, whose complex movements and marked torsion make them strongly three-dimensional.
    • As only library rotamers are used for heavy atom conformers, these are near torsion minima and their torsion energies are set to zero.
    • We have indicated that the salt-bridge stretching mechanism involves solely reorientation of the positively charged polarized bonds due to torsion of the polyene chain at the linkage to Lys - 296.
    • The VVA team leaned toward using self-piercing rivets to join components, but after testing the method under impacts and torsion loads found that the rivets alone wouldn't be enough.
    • A torsion typical of anamorphosis twists the image, crumples it and alters it, attempting to introduce the eccentrical into the field of view.
    • In turn, every backbone torsion angle was tested as a potential hinge point.
    • In the human lumbar spine their angulation limits torsion, at a single intervertebral joint, to about 30.
    • The downward shift is attributed to a decrease of the bond order of C 13 = C 14 due to its torsion.
    • The intramolecularly averaged torsion angles Î and Î are related quantities because these torsions control the glucose tilt angles.
    • The major reason for this was that the barrier joints were weak in torsion and when impacted by a vehicle, instead of sliding over, the barrier pitched allowing the vehicle to readily ride up the side.
    • The overall conformational energy of a molecular system is presented as the sum of van-der-Waals interactions, electrostatic interactions, and torsion energies.
    • Axial, shear, and torsion stresses were relatively low compared with bending stresses for both species.
    • If the pole has not got sufficient strength, there is a tendency to torsion or slight movement which renders the installation futile.
    • Hydrophobic interactions and other geometrically nonspecific interactions are lumped together and modeled using effective torsion, v, and H-bond to solvent, u, energy terms.
    • Perhaps the length of the girdle elements was designed precisely to prevent and dampen torsion while making the most of the relatively small vertical motions possible with a lizard-like leg structure.
    • In addition, the Ramachandran Z-score, which measures deviation of backbone torsion angles from commonly seen distributions, was well within the normal range of values.
    • The main difference is that in the present case there is no free rotation around the linker, and so torsion is transmitted.
    1. 1.1Mathematics The extent to which a curve departs from being planar.
      〔数〕挠率
      Example sentencesExamples
      • A deeper characterization of a helix is that it is the unique curve in 3-space for which the ratio of curvature to torsion is a constant, a result known as Lancret's Theorem.
      • The slope of the plot from the absolute temperature against the mean square angular displacements of Trp residues determines an averaged value of the elastic torsion that the protein exerts on its Trp residues.
      • Thus, the local curvature and torsion of the ribbon are dependent on the local chemical state.
      • The first application as a numerical method, however, was given by Courant in 1943 in his solution of a torsion problem.
      • The torsion of the distal plane relative to the proximal plane is about 60 degrees.
      • This situation rather suggests that the fluorescence spectrum is an ensemble average over molecules with different degrees of torsion.
      • Because the present calculation is based on the force field method, the calculated result should be taken as expressing the qualitative feature of the torsion potential even if we sometimes mention numerical values.
      • The Ferrari measured just under 16,000 ib.ft. per degree of torsion.
      • And, yes, the frame is a whole lot stiffer than the predecessor: 2.5 times better in bending, and 2.8 times better in torsion.
      • Bending and torsional stiffness are 31% greater than the baseline, with a natural frequency of 25.0 Hz in torsion and 27.8 Hz in vertical bending.
      • The fourth and final step is an inspection of each one-dimensional representation, which will therefore reveal the optimum value for the respective torsion.
    2. 1.2Zoology (in a gastropod mollusk) the spontaneous twisting of the visceral hump through 180° during larval development.
      〔动〕扭转
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Of all molluscan clades, only the gastropods undergo torsion.
      • This is because, unlike gastropods, ‘Tergomyans’ have not undergone torsion.
      • The columellar location of the gastropod retractor muscle is thought to be an effect of torsion.
      • A major characteristic of gastropods is the torsion of their bodies: the posterior part of the mantle cavity is rotated laterally and anteriorly so that it comes to lie above the head.
      • Some species reverse torsion, but evidence of having passed through a twisted phase can be seen in the anatomy of these forms.
      • Using a functional definition, with Gastropoda defined solely by the presence of torsion, this is the clade that represents the class as defined by Cuvier.
      • Figure 4 shows a fiber in a single lamella being stretched by torsion.
      • The relatively small single aperture forces the anus to lie close to the mouth, and the gut is bent into a ‘U’ shape or (with gastropods) twisted on account of torsion.
      • The combination of hinge teeth with a cementing habit is interpreted as a defense strategy inhibiting torsion of the valves as well as manipulation of the animal as a whole.
      • Numerous hypotheses exist positing torsion as either a larval or adult adaptation, but none are entirely satisfactory.
      • They also questioned the relationship between torsion and muscle scar position by noting that retractor muscles form after torsion on at least some gastropods.

Origin

Late Middle English (as a medical term denoting colic or in the sense ‘twisting’ (especially of a loop of the intestine)): via Old French from late Latin torsio(n-), variant of tortio(n-) ‘twisting, torture’, from Latin torquere ‘to twist’.

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