Definition of trial in English:

trial

nounPlural trials ˈtrʌɪəlˈtraɪ(ə)l

1A formal examination of evidence by a judge, typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings.
讯问，审讯，审理
the newspaper accounts of the trial
报纸对审判的报导。
mass noun the editor was summoned to stand trial for libel
该编辑因诽谤而被传讯。
Example sentencesExamples
- In contrast, in many civil law systems, trials in absentia are admissible, that is the defendant may be tried even if he has never appeared in court and is on the run or in hiding.
- Federal patents may be the same nationwide but under our Constitution, federal criminal jury trials are meant to differ state by state to some extent.
- Also, at the end of the trial, the judge said to the jury that evidence was only to be taken notice of from the witness box.
- The presumption of innocence is a requirement that applies only to the members of a jury in a criminal trial.
- Your complaint seems to be about the way the trial judge directed the jury.
- There are four problems with this evidentiary basis for the trial judge's conviction.
- They can hold people in contempt of court, and when litigants consent, magistrate judges can preside at civil jury trials.
- It's an edited version of a real criminal trial before a real judge and jury.
- Yes, but they are dealing with the respective functions of judge and jury at a criminal trial.
- That trial proceeded, I prosecuted, and the jury duly convicted him of perjury.
- Nullification is a byproduct of the robust right of criminal defendants to a trial by jury.
- In both civil and criminal trials, appeals courts strongly defer to a jury's decision to believe one witness rather than another.
- It cannot be violated to uphold criminal proceedings or to be used as evidence in a criminal trial.
- But realistically it obviously would have an intensely huge impact upon the number of civil jury trials for example that might have been held in Queensland.
- It is for the jury in a criminal trial to draw inferences from the evidence as the trier of fact, not the witness.
- When jury trials were common in civil litigation this was a matter for the jury to decide, and so it was regarded as a question of fact.
- Had the evidence been available to the trial judge the verdict may have been different.
- The right to a fair trial in criminal proceedings, as embodied in Article 6, holds a prominent place in a democratic society.
- As Ontario is a province which has maintained civil jury trials, the Juries Act also applies to the gathering of juries for civil trials.
- They also examined evidence referred to them from commercial, criminal and civil trial proceedings.
Synonyms
court case, case, lawsuit, suit, hearing, enquiry, tribunal, litigation, judicial proceedings, legal proceedings, proceedings, legal action
court martial
appeal, retrial
2A test of the performance, qualities, or suitability of someone or something.
考验，试验，测试
clinical trials must establish whether the new hip replacements are working
临床测试必须确定髋关节替代物是否有效。
Example sentencesExamples
- Most randomised trials allocate individual participants to different treatments.
- Clinical trials must use similar protocols to interpret positive results.
- A high quality metaanalysis cannot resurrect poor quality clinical trials.
- Then it designed clinical trials to test whether its drugs could extend life, an unequivocal proof of efficacy.
- However, this has not been established in a clinical trial.
- In our view one month into the trial period is too soon to have a valid comment.
- Clinical trials must require the consent of the patient.
- Instead they voted for a full gyratory system for a trial period of three months.
- Grading systems are needed to determine the quality of various clinical trials.
- But it was discovered during trials that individuals were able to improve relaxation levels over a period of several weeks by progressing from the faster to slower CDs.
- And this is how the situation will stay until a clinical trial is performed.
- Those results will reveal whether the drug is suitable for human clinical trials.
- Similar problems of interpretation arise in the evaluation of clinical trials to test the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs.
- Individual trials have been inconclusive, probably because of small sample sizes.
- In two of the trials, the focal individual's relative dominance status was not as intended, and in one trial the focal individual was highly inactive.
- These analyses cannot substitute fully for the critical review of individual trials.
- Ideally, all drugs used to treat children would be subject to quality clinical research and trials to be authorised for use in children.
- Methodological quality of all trials was evaluated using the standard scoring system developed by Jadad and colleagues.
- One of my favourite scenes is when Lauren interviews Graeme to test his suitability for a drug trial.
- Researchers found only two randomized controlled trials comparing individuals wearing surgical masks with those not wearing surgical masks.
Synonyms
test, try-out, experiment, pilot study
examination, check, assessment, evaluation, appraisal
trial/test period, trial/test run, probation, testing, dummy run
audition, screen test
informal dry run
technical assay
1. 2.1 A sports match to test the ability of players eligible for selection to a team.
  预赛，选拔赛
  he cracked his ankle the week before the final trial
  Example sentencesExamples
  It's become an issue for Australian track and field athletes, whose final Olympic trials are scheduled to be held at Stadium Australia in August.
  He was not among the 50-plus collegians invited to this summer's U.S. national team trials.
  Lane and the national selectors confirmed the squad on Saturday evening after the trial match involving 41 players.
  The quartet are expected to participate in tomorrows's selection trials, among other athletes from across Zambia.
  The winner of the selection trials will go to the Olympic Qualification Regatta in June in Lucerne, Switzerland, to try to earn a spot at the Games.
  Rather than naming the full team at trials, the five-man selection committee asked seven gymnasts to come to this week's camp and compete for the remaining two spots.
  Team selection trials will be held during September / October.
  Unlike Olympic trials in individual sports, a hockey team is chosen by a committee.
  Some players were selected after trials while one province named its team after conducting an inter-divisional tournament.
  In fact, the national championships and Olympic trials are consistently held there.
  Marambe appealed to clubs to release their players to attend trials to be held on August 21, 23 and 28 at Longden Place.
  Another Aboriginal athlete vying for selection at the Olympic trials in August will be Patrick Johnson from the Umpila tribe of north Queensland.
  I was pleased with the contribution of the 46 players at the trials.
  The selection trials clashed with the Allstar tournament, but I explained my position and expressed my willingness to play.
  Both teams are treating today's match at Northpower Stadium in Gosford as a trial for test selection.
  He had won the World championship and had qualified for Athens too, but did not make the Australian team after the selection trials.
  The named individuals have resorted to coaxing players to quit after encountering stumbling blocks with the clubs in securing the release of the players for trials abroad.
  The recent Australian National Championships and Olympic swimming trials give a strange story to the world of swimming.
  After encountering stumbling blocks with Nkana in securing the release of the player for trials in Belgium, the named individuals convinced Mwanza to quit.
  It hindered him so much, he finished second to Dremiel Byers at the national championships and missed the automatic berth in the finals of the Olympic trials.
2. 2.2 A test of individual ability on a motorcycle over rough ground or on a road.
  （检验车手技能的）摩托车障碍检验赛
  Example sentencesExamples
  The aim is to discover Britain's best over four fields: trials, motocross, supermoto and road racing.
  Nicole currently holds world junior titles in trial, road race and mountain, and is also Senior British Road Race Champion.
  After the war, I started racing motorcycles and riding in trials, but while I was reasonable I wasn't good enough to satisfy myself, and so I concentrated on my business.
  A bike-mad youngster who was geared up to compete against adults in motorcycle trials has had his dreams shattered by thieves.
  A leading footpath campaigner said the motorcycle trials was a separate issue but still needed to be considered by the inspector.
  Addingham Moorside is a well-used venue for both bike and motorcycle trials.
  There are also issues with people damaging land with trials motor cycles and four-wheel drive vehicles.
  By the time he entered Lightbowne Road he estimated the trials bike was about 300-yards in front of him.
  He competed as an international swimmer and was Scottish motorcycle trials champion twice before he switched to pedal bikes.
3. 2.3trials An event in which horses, dogs, or other animals compete or perform.
  （马、狗等的）动物比赛；动物表演
  horse trials
  马赛。
  Example sentencesExamples
  His interests are walking, boating and watching horse trials.
  The animals used in these trials were very similar in age, size, and breed type.
  The bulls have to compete in feed efficiency trials as young animals before they get into the bull studs.
  Bramham Park is home to major three-day international horse trials and its rural setting is synonymous with countryside pursuits.
  The purity of seed for the last round of GM crop trials for winter oil seed rape has been confirmed, reports the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
  The team aim to perform trials in animals that are naturally infected with HBV-like viruses.
  The Queen's granddaughter, 23, was competing in trials in Dorset on Friday when she fell from her horse.
  Her parents, Sandy and Mike, were delighted at her selection for the British Eventing Team in her first full year of horse trials.
  Thousands swarmed to Badminton last weekend to watch the prestigious three-day horse trials.
  Our stands appear at point-to-points, country fairs, horse trials and game fairs.
  This will be Haka's first time competing at Badminton, although he has previously competed in the three-day Burghley horse trials.
  A big day two for New Zealander Andrew Nicholson at the Burghley horse trials in England.
  During the supplemental portion of all trials, heifers were maintained in 0.2-ha pens.
  Johnston won three of this year's recognised trials with horses who were not entered for the big race.
  She made her yearly trek east in February, to compete in horse trials leading up to the big three-days.
  Equestrian stars frequent horse trials staged on our doorstep, while sporting royals are among those taking part at polo events at Ansty and Tidworth.
  Synonyms
  contest, tournament, match, game, round, heat, fixture, event, meet, encounter
3A person, experience, or situation that tests a person's endurance or forbearance.
（对人的忍耐、自制力的）考验，磨练
the trials and tribulations of married life
婚姻生活的磨难。
Example sentencesExamples
- They had been married for over forty five years and had gone through the trials and tribulations of the Partition of India in which they had lost everything.
- Whether you wish it or not, you need to undergo the trials and tribulations of the sunny days and sultry nights as there is no escape from it.
- Forget about the trials and tribulations of dealing with the complex emotions of the average human (or, even worse, having to deal with your own emotional mood swings).
- They were nostalgic, so to say, about the trials and tribulations they underwent to realise their dream of a bridge across the tributary of the Periyar at Manjummel.
- At some point in our lives, the trials and tribulations of love and romance become a constant - even if we aren't dating, we usually wish we were.
- Tracey herself knows first-hand about the trials and tribulations of putting on shows that are both erotic and comic.
- Staying focused on what's important has ensured her success as she skillfully avoids the trials and tribulations of the pressures that surround her.
- In addition, Malaysia will be a severe trial for race engines, which will, for the first time, be tested over a second consecutive GP weekend.
- News anchors and reporters couldn't make enough references to the trials and tribulations that they faced throughout the day.
- Each episode will ‘reveal the trials and tribulations of these writers on their journey to literary success.’
- He has become familiar with the trials and tribulations that have tortured Ireland over the years but still says that the people and splendour of the country make it a bit special.
- For the last several years, Pat and I have shared a good many of the trials and tribulations in our lives, as well as the joys and successes.
- The trials and tribulations that the college faced and the tortuous path it traversed are deeply etched in the memories of those who are associated with it.
- And it's not just about cricket; it focuses on the trials and tribulations and passions one has to go through to achieve one's dreams.
- Despite the trials and tribulations, all ends reasonably happily in this tale of duty and sacrifice, with the Gods being placated and Idamante living and getting his girl.
- After the trials and tribulations of the past couple of years, the embarrassments and the ugliness, how could anyone at Leeds United have thought that Stan Boardman was acceptable as a star turn?
- My own work is about the trials and tribulations of what it is to be a human being.
- I had the pleasure of speaking to Schneider and inquiring about the trials and tribulations that he's experienced in his career.
- I cannot help but contend that they have failed to demonstrate an appreciation of the history of the trials and tribulations of the various groups that shaped this society.
- Here's a rapper who's capable of making a sincere connection with his audience, so much so that he can get you on his side even when bemoaning the trials and tribulations of excessive wealth.
Synonyms
nuisance, pest, bother, irritant, source of irritation/annoyance, worry, problem, inconvenience, vexation, plague, source of aggravation, thorn in one's flesh, the bane of one's life, one's cross to bear
bore
informal pain, pain in the neck, pain in the backside, headache, drag, pill, nightmare
Scottish informal skelf
North American informal pain in the butt, nudnik, burr under/in someone's saddle
Australian informal fair cow
British informal, dated blister
vulgar slang pain in the arse
trouble, worry, anxiety, burden, affliction, ordeal, tribulation, adversity, hardship, tragedy, trauma, reverse, setback, difficulty, problem, misfortune, bad luck, stroke of bad luck, ill fortune, mishap, misadventure
suffering, distress, misery, wretchedness, unhappiness, sadness, woe, grief, pain
informal hassle
archaic travails

verbtrials, trialling, trialed, trialing, trialled ˈtrʌɪəlˈtraɪ(ə)l

1with object Test (something, especially a new product) to assess its suitability or performance.
试验，测试（尤指新产品）
teachers all over the UK are trialling the materials
全英国的老师都在试用这些教材。
Example sentencesExamples
- It is initially trialing its product with 1,000 rural users and has a 10,000 users expansion target.
- Manchester is one of 14 new areas to trial the scheme after it was piloted in six other parts of the country.
- He trialed a half-dozen varieties on a rocky, elevated field with poor soils and an unpromising northeasterly aspect.
- He is also trialling new tyres which he expects a good performance from.
- It says it has been trialing the product with rival operators for some months now.
- The three-year pilot project is being trialed at a small number of other schools in the county and is funded by Hampshire County Council and central government.
- ‘The Super Series will be our first opportunity to trial this process in Test match cricket,’ he said.
- Before final publication approximately 300 children and their teachers at ten schools piloted the ideas in the pack, and 21 schools have trialled the finished product.
- Our experience of trialing the scheme for Wandsworth schools is that it has significantly speeded up the offer process for the majority of parents.
- But the future is looking brighter after Holly was tested in New York for her suitability to trial a radical gene therapy for the disease.
- This month the hospital began trialling a pilot scheme to give older patients a quiet window in the afternoons when they can eat their evening meal without interruption.
- Leeds is one of nine pilot areas in England trialling new approaches to identify and improve the literacy and numeracy skills of people on Jobseekers Allowance.
- The system echoes a scheme due to be trialled in Leeds this autumn, which will see volunteers testing the equipment without being charged.
- The Caseys should pick one or two of their export markets to test and trial new formulas.
- This will enable advertisers such as Churchill to trial a variety of ads with different types of customer.
- We are trialling it for commercial growing for the first time in this country.
- Members of the user group influence what products and services the company launches and can trial them before they go on general release.
- It is being trialled on a pilot commercial basis in Germany.
- The bittersweet combination could save the council as much as £21,000 from its winter maintenance budget, but opponents today questioned whether the product should be trialled in a small area first.
- The team trialled the test on 243 patients with infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
Synonyms
test, try out, carry out trials on, put to the test, put through its paces, experiment with
pilot
technical assay
2no object (of a horse, dog, or other animal) compete in trials.
（马、狗等动物）参加比赛
the pup trialled on Saturday
小狗周六参加了比赛。
Example sentencesExamples
- But Westmorland Gazette sheep dog correspondent Elaine Hill said it was very rare that dog trialling interfered with wildlife and that few if any people were genuinely concerned about the impact of the Hunting Bill on the sport.
- This sheep-creature is the biggest single difference between sheepdog trialing and dog events like obedience and agility.
- This is a ‘must have’ book for anyone who has an interest in sheep dog trialling.
- Whangamomona also sees endurance riding, dog trialling, and the Great New Zealand Horse Trek which was held last year.
- Cover said the nation's stubborn Merino sheep make Australian trials the toughest in the world and a class above competitions in New Zealand, Britain and South Africa - the other nations who take sheepdog trialing seriously.

Phrases

on trial

1Being tried in a court of law.
受审中
two men have gone on trial for the murder
Example sentencesExamples
- The set-up of the court is different from that for adults so the youth on trial feels more a part of the process.
- The six celebrity housemates have been on trial in the court of public popularity all week.
- Last week they also briefly occupied the court where Kulayev is on trial.
- At most, he may wind up on trial in a real court rather than merely in the press.
- Three men are on trial at Swindon Crown Court charged with affray involving a baseball bat and a brick.
- The suspect's case is being reviewed by a family court judge who will decide whether to put her on trial.
- The court acquitted six of the defendants, while the soldiers on trial were all cashiered.
- You know, I've not been held up on trial in a court of law as a criminal, so no, I don't think I'm a criminal.
- Though the press spinners are not on trial in Court 73, there are plenty who think they should be.
2Being tested for performance or suitability.
water metering has been on trial in England and Wales
计量用水已在英格兰和威尔士试行。
Example sentencesExamples
- An electronic ‘eye’ that can tell if a driver is unfit to be behind the wheel went on trial today.
- He put the show on ice for an extended break in 1985, then literally put Colin Baker on trial to see if ratings improved.
- It is currently on trial at Hampton Community College and Whitton School.
- De Vries, who was on trial with Millwall, had no idea just how much influence the two would bring to bear on his immediate future.
- Du Wei, the Chinese international, will be watched like a hawk at Celtic Park, where he spends this week on trial.
- Maybe it does look a bit bigger than anticipated, but it's only on trial.
- The centre is currently on trial at two clubs in Leeds and Bushey.
- He was placed on the transfer list the season before last and went on trial at Lincoln but returned to City and earned a first team recall.
- The menu is on trial at the chain's bars in Greater Manchester this month.
- It is about to go on trial and has received a highly enthusiastic response from British train operating companies.

trial and error

The process of experimenting with various methods of doing something until one finds the most successful.
反复试验，试错法
pupils learn by trial and error
as modifier analyses conducted on a trial-and-error basis
Example sentencesExamples
- It was a process of trial and error that took me two months to figure out.
- Foraging and experimenting by trial and error would be natural, even if often lethal.
- For many artists, then, re-engaging with the old processes meant a degree of trial and error.
- I went through a process of trial and error and found that with either drive plugged in, it wouldn't start up.
- This method relies too much on the student's trial and error process and results in broken aluminum or worse.
- Others find the process to be one of trial and error, until they stumble upon one that fits.
- After a couple of days of practice, learning the job by trial and error method, they work like experts.
- We have always learned from trial and error with all innovations.
- When her judgement failed, she had tried an elaborate process of trial and error.
- It is certainly a difficult task for it works on the basis of trial and error.

Origin

Late Middle English (as a noun): from Anglo-Norman French, or from medieval Latin triallum. The verb dates from the 1980s.

try from Middle English:
From Old French trier ‘to sift’, source also of trial (early 16th century). In rugby an act of touching the ball down behind the opposing goal line has been called a try since the 1840s. It got its name because a try gives the scoring side the right to try to kick a goal. The cliché try anything once, dates from the 1920s. The British conductor Sir Thomas Beecham (1879–1961) is generally credited with ‘You should try everything once except incest and morris dancing’, but the composer Sir Arnold Bax reported a similar comment in a 1943 autobiography.

Rhymes

denial, dial, espial, Lyall, mistrial, myall, Niall, phial, vial, viol

Definition of trial in US English:

trial

nounˈtraɪ(ə)lˈtrī(ə)l

1A formal examination of evidence before a judge, and typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings.
讯问，审讯，审理
the newspaper accounts of the trial
报纸对审判的报导。
the editor was summoned to stand trial for libel
该编辑因诽谤而被传讯。
Example sentencesExamples
- The presumption of innocence is a requirement that applies only to the members of a jury in a criminal trial.
- As Ontario is a province which has maintained civil jury trials, the Juries Act also applies to the gathering of juries for civil trials.
- The right to a fair trial in criminal proceedings, as embodied in Article 6, holds a prominent place in a democratic society.
- They can hold people in contempt of court, and when litigants consent, magistrate judges can preside at civil jury trials.
- They also examined evidence referred to them from commercial, criminal and civil trial proceedings.
- Federal patents may be the same nationwide but under our Constitution, federal criminal jury trials are meant to differ state by state to some extent.
- Yes, but they are dealing with the respective functions of judge and jury at a criminal trial.
- In both civil and criminal trials, appeals courts strongly defer to a jury's decision to believe one witness rather than another.
- When jury trials were common in civil litigation this was a matter for the jury to decide, and so it was regarded as a question of fact.
- It cannot be violated to uphold criminal proceedings or to be used as evidence in a criminal trial.
- There are four problems with this evidentiary basis for the trial judge's conviction.
- It's an edited version of a real criminal trial before a real judge and jury.
- Had the evidence been available to the trial judge the verdict may have been different.
- Your complaint seems to be about the way the trial judge directed the jury.
- In contrast, in many civil law systems, trials in absentia are admissible, that is the defendant may be tried even if he has never appeared in court and is on the run or in hiding.
- Also, at the end of the trial, the judge said to the jury that evidence was only to be taken notice of from the witness box.
- That trial proceeded, I prosecuted, and the jury duly convicted him of perjury.
- But realistically it obviously would have an intensely huge impact upon the number of civil jury trials for example that might have been held in Queensland.
- It is for the jury in a criminal trial to draw inferences from the evidence as the trier of fact, not the witness.
- Nullification is a byproduct of the robust right of criminal defendants to a trial by jury.
Synonyms
court case, case, lawsuit, suit, hearing, enquiry, tribunal, litigation, judicial proceedings, legal proceedings, proceedings, legal action
2A test of the performance, qualities, or suitability of someone or something.
考验，试验，测试
clinical trials must establish whether the new hip replacements are working
临床测试必须确定髋关节替代物是否有效。
Example sentencesExamples
- One of my favourite scenes is when Lauren interviews Graeme to test his suitability for a drug trial.
- In two of the trials, the focal individual's relative dominance status was not as intended, and in one trial the focal individual was highly inactive.
- Grading systems are needed to determine the quality of various clinical trials.
- Researchers found only two randomized controlled trials comparing individuals wearing surgical masks with those not wearing surgical masks.
- A high quality metaanalysis cannot resurrect poor quality clinical trials.
- Methodological quality of all trials was evaluated using the standard scoring system developed by Jadad and colleagues.
- Clinical trials must require the consent of the patient.
- Individual trials have been inconclusive, probably because of small sample sizes.
- However, this has not been established in a clinical trial.
- But it was discovered during trials that individuals were able to improve relaxation levels over a period of several weeks by progressing from the faster to slower CDs.
- Ideally, all drugs used to treat children would be subject to quality clinical research and trials to be authorised for use in children.
- Most randomised trials allocate individual participants to different treatments.
- In our view one month into the trial period is too soon to have a valid comment.
- Clinical trials must use similar protocols to interpret positive results.
- Instead they voted for a full gyratory system for a trial period of three months.
- Similar problems of interpretation arise in the evaluation of clinical trials to test the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs.
- Then it designed clinical trials to test whether its drugs could extend life, an unequivocal proof of efficacy.
- And this is how the situation will stay until a clinical trial is performed.
- These analyses cannot substitute fully for the critical review of individual trials.
- Those results will reveal whether the drug is suitable for human clinical trials.
Synonyms
test, try-out, experiment, pilot study
1. 2.1 An athletic contest to test the ability of players eligible for selection to a team.
  预赛，选拔赛
  Example sentencesExamples
  The winner of the selection trials will go to the Olympic Qualification Regatta in June in Lucerne, Switzerland, to try to earn a spot at the Games.
  Both teams are treating today's match at Northpower Stadium in Gosford as a trial for test selection.
  The named individuals have resorted to coaxing players to quit after encountering stumbling blocks with the clubs in securing the release of the players for trials abroad.
  The selection trials clashed with the Allstar tournament, but I explained my position and expressed my willingness to play.
  I was pleased with the contribution of the 46 players at the trials.
  Team selection trials will be held during September / October.
  He was not among the 50-plus collegians invited to this summer's U.S. national team trials.
  He had won the World championship and had qualified for Athens too, but did not make the Australian team after the selection trials.
  It hindered him so much, he finished second to Dremiel Byers at the national championships and missed the automatic berth in the finals of the Olympic trials.
  After encountering stumbling blocks with Nkana in securing the release of the player for trials in Belgium, the named individuals convinced Mwanza to quit.
  The recent Australian National Championships and Olympic swimming trials give a strange story to the world of swimming.
  In fact, the national championships and Olympic trials are consistently held there.
  Rather than naming the full team at trials, the five-man selection committee asked seven gymnasts to come to this week's camp and compete for the remaining two spots.
  The quartet are expected to participate in tomorrows's selection trials, among other athletes from across Zambia.
  Another Aboriginal athlete vying for selection at the Olympic trials in August will be Patrick Johnson from the Umpila tribe of north Queensland.
  Lane and the national selectors confirmed the squad on Saturday evening after the trial match involving 41 players.
  It's become an issue for Australian track and field athletes, whose final Olympic trials are scheduled to be held at Stadium Australia in August.
  Some players were selected after trials while one province named its team after conducting an inter-divisional tournament.
  Marambe appealed to clubs to release their players to attend trials to be held on August 21, 23 and 28 at Longden Place.
  Unlike Olympic trials in individual sports, a hockey team is chosen by a committee.
2. 2.2trials An event in which horses, dogs, or other animals compete or perform.
  （马、狗等的）动物比赛；动物表演
  horse trials
  马赛。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Thousands swarmed to Badminton last weekend to watch the prestigious three-day horse trials.
  The team aim to perform trials in animals that are naturally infected with HBV-like viruses.
  Johnston won three of this year's recognised trials with horses who were not entered for the big race.
  His interests are walking, boating and watching horse trials.
  The bulls have to compete in feed efficiency trials as young animals before they get into the bull studs.
  Bramham Park is home to major three-day international horse trials and its rural setting is synonymous with countryside pursuits.
  During the supplemental portion of all trials, heifers were maintained in 0.2-ha pens.
  She made her yearly trek east in February, to compete in horse trials leading up to the big three-days.
  Her parents, Sandy and Mike, were delighted at her selection for the British Eventing Team in her first full year of horse trials.
  The purity of seed for the last round of GM crop trials for winter oil seed rape has been confirmed, reports the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
  A big day two for New Zealander Andrew Nicholson at the Burghley horse trials in England.
  Our stands appear at point-to-points, country fairs, horse trials and game fairs.
  The animals used in these trials were very similar in age, size, and breed type.
  This will be Haka's first time competing at Badminton, although he has previously competed in the three-day Burghley horse trials.
  The Queen's granddaughter, 23, was competing in trials in Dorset on Friday when she fell from her horse.
  Equestrian stars frequent horse trials staged on our doorstep, while sporting royals are among those taking part at polo events at Ansty and Tidworth.
  Synonyms
  contest, tournament, match, game, round, heat, fixture, event, meet, encounter
3A person, thing, or situation that tests a person's endurance or forbearance.
（对人的忍耐、自制力的）考验，磨练
the trials and tribulations of married life
婚姻生活的磨难。
Example sentencesExamples
- Whether you wish it or not, you need to undergo the trials and tribulations of the sunny days and sultry nights as there is no escape from it.
- After the trials and tribulations of the past couple of years, the embarrassments and the ugliness, how could anyone at Leeds United have thought that Stan Boardman was acceptable as a star turn?
- Staying focused on what's important has ensured her success as she skillfully avoids the trials and tribulations of the pressures that surround her.
- Here's a rapper who's capable of making a sincere connection with his audience, so much so that he can get you on his side even when bemoaning the trials and tribulations of excessive wealth.
- He has become familiar with the trials and tribulations that have tortured Ireland over the years but still says that the people and splendour of the country make it a bit special.
- My own work is about the trials and tribulations of what it is to be a human being.
- In addition, Malaysia will be a severe trial for race engines, which will, for the first time, be tested over a second consecutive GP weekend.
- Tracey herself knows first-hand about the trials and tribulations of putting on shows that are both erotic and comic.
- News anchors and reporters couldn't make enough references to the trials and tribulations that they faced throughout the day.
- At some point in our lives, the trials and tribulations of love and romance become a constant - even if we aren't dating, we usually wish we were.
- I cannot help but contend that they have failed to demonstrate an appreciation of the history of the trials and tribulations of the various groups that shaped this society.
- The trials and tribulations that the college faced and the tortuous path it traversed are deeply etched in the memories of those who are associated with it.
- Each episode will ‘reveal the trials and tribulations of these writers on their journey to literary success.’
- Despite the trials and tribulations, all ends reasonably happily in this tale of duty and sacrifice, with the Gods being placated and Idamante living and getting his girl.
- For the last several years, Pat and I have shared a good many of the trials and tribulations in our lives, as well as the joys and successes.
- Forget about the trials and tribulations of dealing with the complex emotions of the average human (or, even worse, having to deal with your own emotional mood swings).
- I had the pleasure of speaking to Schneider and inquiring about the trials and tribulations that he's experienced in his career.
- They had been married for over forty five years and had gone through the trials and tribulations of the Partition of India in which they had lost everything.
- They were nostalgic, so to say, about the trials and tribulations they underwent to realise their dream of a bridge across the tributary of the Periyar at Manjummel.
- And it's not just about cricket; it focuses on the trials and tribulations and passions one has to go through to achieve one's dreams.
Synonyms
nuisance, pest, bother, irritant, source of annoyance, source of irritation, worry, problem, inconvenience, vexation, plague, source of aggravation, thorn in one's flesh, the bane of one's life, one's cross to bear
trouble, worry, anxiety, burden, affliction, ordeal, tribulation, adversity, hardship, tragedy, trauma, reverse, setback, difficulty, problem, misfortune, bad luck, stroke of bad luck, ill fortune, mishap, misadventure

verbˈtraɪ(ə)lˈtrī(ə)l

1with object Test (something, especially a new product) to assess its suitability or performance.
试验，测试（尤指新产品）
all seeds are carefully trialed in a variety of growing conditions
Example sentencesExamples
- It says it has been trialing the product with rival operators for some months now.
- This will enable advertisers such as Churchill to trial a variety of ads with different types of customer.
- The Caseys should pick one or two of their export markets to test and trial new formulas.
- He is also trialling new tyres which he expects a good performance from.
- This month the hospital began trialling a pilot scheme to give older patients a quiet window in the afternoons when they can eat their evening meal without interruption.
- But the future is looking brighter after Holly was tested in New York for her suitability to trial a radical gene therapy for the disease.
- The system echoes a scheme due to be trialled in Leeds this autumn, which will see volunteers testing the equipment without being charged.
- It is initially trialing its product with 1,000 rural users and has a 10,000 users expansion target.
- The team trialled the test on 243 patients with infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as bronchitis and pneumonia.
- Before final publication approximately 300 children and their teachers at ten schools piloted the ideas in the pack, and 21 schools have trialled the finished product.
- Members of the user group influence what products and services the company launches and can trial them before they go on general release.
- Our experience of trialing the scheme for Wandsworth schools is that it has significantly speeded up the offer process for the majority of parents.
- The three-year pilot project is being trialed at a small number of other schools in the county and is funded by Hampshire County Council and central government.
- It is being trialled on a pilot commercial basis in Germany.
- Leeds is one of nine pilot areas in England trialling new approaches to identify and improve the literacy and numeracy skills of people on Jobseekers Allowance.
- The bittersweet combination could save the council as much as £21,000 from its winter maintenance budget, but opponents today questioned whether the product should be trialled in a small area first.
- Manchester is one of 14 new areas to trial the scheme after it was piloted in six other parts of the country.
- He trialed a half-dozen varieties on a rocky, elevated field with poor soils and an unpromising northeasterly aspect.
- ‘The Super Series will be our first opportunity to trial this process in Test match cricket,’ he said.
- We are trialling it for commercial growing for the first time in this country.
Synonyms
test, try out, carry out trials on, put to the test, put through its paces, experiment with
2no object (of a horse, dog, or other animal) compete in trials.
（马、狗等动物）参加比赛
the pup trialed on Saturday
小狗周六参加了比赛。
Example sentencesExamples
- This is a ‘must have’ book for anyone who has an interest in sheep dog trialling.
- Whangamomona also sees endurance riding, dog trialling, and the Great New Zealand Horse Trek which was held last year.
- Cover said the nation's stubborn Merino sheep make Australian trials the toughest in the world and a class above competitions in New Zealand, Britain and South Africa - the other nations who take sheepdog trialing seriously.
- This sheep-creature is the biggest single difference between sheepdog trialing and dog events like obedience and agility.
- But Westmorland Gazette sheep dog correspondent Elaine Hill said it was very rare that dog trialling interfered with wildlife and that few if any people were genuinely concerned about the impact of the Hunting Bill on the sport.

Phrases

on trial

Being tried in a court of law.
受审中
Example sentencesExamples
- The set-up of the court is different from that for adults so the youth on trial feels more a part of the process.
- At most, he may wind up on trial in a real court rather than merely in the press.
- The court acquitted six of the defendants, while the soldiers on trial were all cashiered.
- Though the press spinners are not on trial in Court 73, there are plenty who think they should be.
- The six celebrity housemates have been on trial in the court of public popularity all week.
- The suspect's case is being reviewed by a family court judge who will decide whether to put her on trial.
- Three men are on trial at Swindon Crown Court charged with affray involving a baseball bat and a brick.
- You know, I've not been held up on trial in a court of law as a criminal, so no, I don't think I'm a criminal.
- Last week they also briefly occupied the court where Kulayev is on trial.

trial and error

The process of experimenting with various methods of doing something until one finds the most successful.
反复试验，试错法
Example sentencesExamples
- Others find the process to be one of trial and error, until they stumble upon one that fits.
- I went through a process of trial and error and found that with either drive plugged in, it wouldn't start up.
- For many artists, then, re-engaging with the old processes meant a degree of trial and error.
- We have always learned from trial and error with all innovations.
- Foraging and experimenting by trial and error would be natural, even if often lethal.
- It was a process of trial and error that took me two months to figure out.
- This method relies too much on the student's trial and error process and results in broken aluminum or worse.
- After a couple of days of practice, learning the job by trial and error method, they work like experts.
- It is certainly a difficult task for it works on the basis of trial and error.
- When her judgement failed, she had tried an elaborate process of trial and error.

Origin

Late Middle English (as a noun): from Anglo-Norman French, or from medieval Latin triallum. The verb dates from the 1980s.

词汇	trial
释义	Definition of trial in English: trial nounPlural trials ˈtrʌɪəlˈtraɪ(ə)l 1A formal examination of evidence by a judge, typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings. 讯问，审讯，审理 the newspaper accounts of the trial 报纸对审判的报导。 mass noun the editor was summoned to stand trial for libel 该编辑因诽谤而被传讯。 Example sentencesExamples In contrast, in many civil law systems, trials in absentia are admissible, that is the defendant may be tried even if he has never appeared in court and is on the run or in hiding. Federal patents may be the same nationwide but under our Constitution, federal criminal jury trials are meant to differ state by state to some extent. Also, at the end of the trial, the judge said to the jury that evidence was only to be taken notice of from the witness box. The presumption of innocence is a requirement that applies only to the members of a jury in a criminal trial. Your complaint seems to be about the way the trial judge directed the jury. There are four problems with this evidentiary basis for the trial judge's conviction. They can hold people in contempt of court, and when litigants consent, magistrate judges can preside at civil jury trials. It's an edited version of a real criminal trial before a real judge and jury. Yes, but they are dealing with the respective functions of judge and jury at a criminal trial. That trial proceeded, I prosecuted, and the jury duly convicted him of perjury. Nullification is a byproduct of the robust right of criminal defendants to a trial by jury. In both civil and criminal trials, appeals courts strongly defer to a jury's decision to believe one witness rather than another. It cannot be violated to uphold criminal proceedings or to be used as evidence in a criminal trial. But realistically it obviously would have an intensely huge impact upon the number of civil jury trials for example that might have been held in Queensland. It is for the jury in a criminal trial to draw inferences from the evidence as the trier of fact, not the witness. When jury trials were common in civil litigation this was a matter for the jury to decide, and so it was regarded as a question of fact. Had the evidence been available to the trial judge the verdict may have been different. The right to a fair trial in criminal proceedings, as embodied in Article 6, holds a prominent place in a democratic society. As Ontario is a province which has maintained civil jury trials, the Juries Act also applies to the gathering of juries for civil trials. They also examined evidence referred to them from commercial, criminal and civil trial proceedings. Synonyms court case, case, lawsuit, suit, hearing, enquiry, tribunal, litigation, judicial proceedings, legal proceedings, proceedings, legal action court martial appeal, retrial 2A test of the performance, qualities, or suitability of someone or something. 考验，试验，测试 clinical trials must establish whether the new hip replacements are working 临床测试必须确定髋关节替代物是否有效。 Example sentencesExamples Most randomised trials allocate individual participants to different treatments. Clinical trials must use similar protocols to interpret positive results. A high quality metaanalysis cannot resurrect poor quality clinical trials. Then it designed clinical trials to test whether its drugs could extend life, an unequivocal proof of efficacy. However, this has not been established in a clinical trial. In our view one month into the trial period is too soon to have a valid comment. Clinical trials must require the consent of the patient. Instead they voted for a full gyratory system for a trial period of three months. Grading systems are needed to determine the quality of various clinical trials. But it was discovered during trials that individuals were able to improve relaxation levels over a period of several weeks by progressing from the faster to slower CDs. And this is how the situation will stay until a clinical trial is performed. Those results will reveal whether the drug is suitable for human clinical trials. Similar problems of interpretation arise in the evaluation of clinical trials to test the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs. Individual trials have been inconclusive, probably because of small sample sizes. In two of the trials, the focal individual's relative dominance status was not as intended, and in one trial the focal individual was highly inactive. These analyses cannot substitute fully for the critical review of individual trials. Ideally, all drugs used to treat children would be subject to quality clinical research and trials to be authorised for use in children. Methodological quality of all trials was evaluated using the standard scoring system developed by Jadad and colleagues. One of my favourite scenes is when Lauren interviews Graeme to test his suitability for a drug trial. Researchers found only two randomized controlled trials comparing individuals wearing surgical masks with those not wearing surgical masks. Synonyms test, try-out, experiment, pilot study examination, check, assessment, evaluation, appraisal trial/test period, trial/test run, probation, testing, dummy run audition, screen test informal dry run technical assay 2.1 A sports match to test the ability of players eligible for selection to a team. 预赛，选拔赛 he cracked his ankle the week before the final trial Example sentencesExamples It's become an issue for Australian track and field athletes, whose final Olympic trials are scheduled to be held at Stadium Australia in August. He was not among the 50-plus collegians invited to this summer's U.S. national team trials. Lane and the national selectors confirmed the squad on Saturday evening after the trial match involving 41 players. The quartet are expected to participate in tomorrows's selection trials, among other athletes from across Zambia. The winner of the selection trials will go to the Olympic Qualification Regatta in June in Lucerne, Switzerland, to try to earn a spot at the Games. Rather than naming the full team at trials, the five-man selection committee asked seven gymnasts to come to this week's camp and compete for the remaining two spots. Team selection trials will be held during September / October. Unlike Olympic trials in individual sports, a hockey team is chosen by a committee. Some players were selected after trials while one province named its team after conducting an inter-divisional tournament. In fact, the national championships and Olympic trials are consistently held there. Marambe appealed to clubs to release their players to attend trials to be held on August 21, 23 and 28 at Longden Place. Another Aboriginal athlete vying for selection at the Olympic trials in August will be Patrick Johnson from the Umpila tribe of north Queensland. I was pleased with the contribution of the 46 players at the trials. The selection trials clashed with the Allstar tournament, but I explained my position and expressed my willingness to play. Both teams are treating today's match at Northpower Stadium in Gosford as a trial for test selection. He had won the World championship and had qualified for Athens too, but did not make the Australian team after the selection trials. The named individuals have resorted to coaxing players to quit after encountering stumbling blocks with the clubs in securing the release of the players for trials abroad. The recent Australian National Championships and Olympic swimming trials give a strange story to the world of swimming. After encountering stumbling blocks with Nkana in securing the release of the player for trials in Belgium, the named individuals convinced Mwanza to quit. It hindered him so much, he finished second to Dremiel Byers at the national championships and missed the automatic berth in the finals of the Olympic trials. 2.2 A test of individual ability on a motorcycle over rough ground or on a road. （检验车手技能的）摩托车障碍检验赛 Example sentencesExamples The aim is to discover Britain's best over four fields: trials, motocross, supermoto and road racing. Nicole currently holds world junior titles in trial, road race and mountain, and is also Senior British Road Race Champion. After the war, I started racing motorcycles and riding in trials, but while I was reasonable I wasn't good enough to satisfy myself, and so I concentrated on my business. A bike-mad youngster who was geared up to compete against adults in motorcycle trials has had his dreams shattered by thieves. A leading footpath campaigner said the motorcycle trials was a separate issue but still needed to be considered by the inspector. Addingham Moorside is a well-used venue for both bike and motorcycle trials. There are also issues with people damaging land with trials motor cycles and four-wheel drive vehicles. By the time he entered Lightbowne Road he estimated the trials bike was about 300-yards in front of him. He competed as an international swimmer and was Scottish motorcycle trials champion twice before he switched to pedal bikes. 2.3trials An event in which horses, dogs, or other animals compete or perform. （马、狗等的）动物比赛；动物表演 horse trials 马赛。 Example sentencesExamples His interests are walking, boating and watching horse trials. The animals used in these trials were very similar in age, size, and breed type. The bulls have to compete in feed efficiency trials as young animals before they get into the bull studs. Bramham Park is home to major three-day international horse trials and its rural setting is synonymous with countryside pursuits. The purity of seed for the last round of GM crop trials for winter oil seed rape has been confirmed, reports the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The team aim to perform trials in animals that are naturally infected with HBV-like viruses. The Queen's granddaughter, 23, was competing in trials in Dorset on Friday when she fell from her horse. Her parents, Sandy and Mike, were delighted at her selection for the British Eventing Team in her first full year of horse trials. Thousands swarmed to Badminton last weekend to watch the prestigious three-day horse trials. Our stands appear at point-to-points, country fairs, horse trials and game fairs. This will be Haka's first time competing at Badminton, although he has previously competed in the three-day Burghley horse trials. A big day two for New Zealander Andrew Nicholson at the Burghley horse trials in England. During the supplemental portion of all trials, heifers were maintained in 0.2-ha pens. Johnston won three of this year's recognised trials with horses who were not entered for the big race. She made her yearly trek east in February, to compete in horse trials leading up to the big three-days. Equestrian stars frequent horse trials staged on our doorstep, while sporting royals are among those taking part at polo events at Ansty and Tidworth. Synonyms contest, tournament, match, game, round, heat, fixture, event, meet, encounter 3A person, experience, or situation that tests a person's endurance or forbearance. （对人的忍耐、自制力的）考验，磨练 the trials and tribulations of married life 婚姻生活的磨难。 Example sentencesExamples They had been married for over forty five years and had gone through the trials and tribulations of the Partition of India in which they had lost everything. Whether you wish it or not, you need to undergo the trials and tribulations of the sunny days and sultry nights as there is no escape from it. Forget about the trials and tribulations of dealing with the complex emotions of the average human (or, even worse, having to deal with your own emotional mood swings). They were nostalgic, so to say, about the trials and tribulations they underwent to realise their dream of a bridge across the tributary of the Periyar at Manjummel. At some point in our lives, the trials and tribulations of love and romance become a constant - even if we aren't dating, we usually wish we were. Tracey herself knows first-hand about the trials and tribulations of putting on shows that are both erotic and comic. Staying focused on what's important has ensured her success as she skillfully avoids the trials and tribulations of the pressures that surround her. In addition, Malaysia will be a severe trial for race engines, which will, for the first time, be tested over a second consecutive GP weekend. News anchors and reporters couldn't make enough references to the trials and tribulations that they faced throughout the day. Each episode will ‘reveal the trials and tribulations of these writers on their journey to literary success.’ He has become familiar with the trials and tribulations that have tortured Ireland over the years but still says that the people and splendour of the country make it a bit special. For the last several years, Pat and I have shared a good many of the trials and tribulations in our lives, as well as the joys and successes. The trials and tribulations that the college faced and the tortuous path it traversed are deeply etched in the memories of those who are associated with it. And it's not just about cricket; it focuses on the trials and tribulations and passions one has to go through to achieve one's dreams. Despite the trials and tribulations, all ends reasonably happily in this tale of duty and sacrifice, with the Gods being placated and Idamante living and getting his girl. After the trials and tribulations of the past couple of years, the embarrassments and the ugliness, how could anyone at Leeds United have thought that Stan Boardman was acceptable as a star turn? My own work is about the trials and tribulations of what it is to be a human being. I had the pleasure of speaking to Schneider and inquiring about the trials and tribulations that he's experienced in his career. I cannot help but contend that they have failed to demonstrate an appreciation of the history of the trials and tribulations of the various groups that shaped this society. Here's a rapper who's capable of making a sincere connection with his audience, so much so that he can get you on his side even when bemoaning the trials and tribulations of excessive wealth. Synonyms nuisance, pest, bother, irritant, source of irritation/annoyance, worry, problem, inconvenience, vexation, plague, source of aggravation, thorn in one's flesh, the bane of one's life, one's cross to bear bore informal pain, pain in the neck, pain in the backside, headache, drag, pill, nightmare Scottish informal skelf North American informal pain in the butt, nudnik, burr under/in someone's saddle Australian informal fair cow British informal, dated blister vulgar slang pain in the arse trouble, worry, anxiety, burden, affliction, ordeal, tribulation, adversity, hardship, tragedy, trauma, reverse, setback, difficulty, problem, misfortune, bad luck, stroke of bad luck, ill fortune, mishap, misadventure suffering, distress, misery, wretchedness, unhappiness, sadness, woe, grief, pain informal hassle archaic travails verbtrials, trialling, trialed, trialing, trialled ˈtrʌɪəlˈtraɪ(ə)l 1with object Test (something, especially a new product) to assess its suitability or performance. 试验，测试（尤指新产品） teachers all over the UK are trialling the materials 全英国的老师都在试用这些教材。 Example sentencesExamples It is initially trialing its product with 1,000 rural users and has a 10,000 users expansion target. Manchester is one of 14 new areas to trial the scheme after it was piloted in six other parts of the country. He trialed a half-dozen varieties on a rocky, elevated field with poor soils and an unpromising northeasterly aspect. He is also trialling new tyres which he expects a good performance from. It says it has been trialing the product with rival operators for some months now. The three-year pilot project is being trialed at a small number of other schools in the county and is funded by Hampshire County Council and central government. ‘The Super Series will be our first opportunity to trial this process in Test match cricket,’ he said. Before final publication approximately 300 children and their teachers at ten schools piloted the ideas in the pack, and 21 schools have trialled the finished product. Our experience of trialing the scheme for Wandsworth schools is that it has significantly speeded up the offer process for the majority of parents. But the future is looking brighter after Holly was tested in New York for her suitability to trial a radical gene therapy for the disease. This month the hospital began trialling a pilot scheme to give older patients a quiet window in the afternoons when they can eat their evening meal without interruption. Leeds is one of nine pilot areas in England trialling new approaches to identify and improve the literacy and numeracy skills of people on Jobseekers Allowance. The system echoes a scheme due to be trialled in Leeds this autumn, which will see volunteers testing the equipment without being charged. The Caseys should pick one or two of their export markets to test and trial new formulas. This will enable advertisers such as Churchill to trial a variety of ads with different types of customer. We are trialling it for commercial growing for the first time in this country. Members of the user group influence what products and services the company launches and can trial them before they go on general release. It is being trialled on a pilot commercial basis in Germany. The bittersweet combination could save the council as much as £21,000 from its winter maintenance budget, but opponents today questioned whether the product should be trialled in a small area first. The team trialled the test on 243 patients with infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Synonyms test, try out, carry out trials on, put to the test, put through its paces, experiment with pilot technical assay 2no object (of a horse, dog, or other animal) compete in trials. （马、狗等动物）参加比赛 the pup trialled on Saturday 小狗周六参加了比赛。 Example sentencesExamples But Westmorland Gazette sheep dog correspondent Elaine Hill said it was very rare that dog trialling interfered with wildlife and that few if any people were genuinely concerned about the impact of the Hunting Bill on the sport. This sheep-creature is the biggest single difference between sheepdog trialing and dog events like obedience and agility. This is a ‘must have’ book for anyone who has an interest in sheep dog trialling. Whangamomona also sees endurance riding, dog trialling, and the Great New Zealand Horse Trek which was held last year. Cover said the nation's stubborn Merino sheep make Australian trials the toughest in the world and a class above competitions in New Zealand, Britain and South Africa - the other nations who take sheepdog trialing seriously. Phrases on trial 1Being tried in a court of law. 受审中 two men have gone on trial for the murder Example sentencesExamples The set-up of the court is different from that for adults so the youth on trial feels more a part of the process. The six celebrity housemates have been on trial in the court of public popularity all week. Last week they also briefly occupied the court where Kulayev is on trial. At most, he may wind up on trial in a real court rather than merely in the press. Three men are on trial at Swindon Crown Court charged with affray involving a baseball bat and a brick. The suspect's case is being reviewed by a family court judge who will decide whether to put her on trial. The court acquitted six of the defendants, while the soldiers on trial were all cashiered. You know, I've not been held up on trial in a court of law as a criminal, so no, I don't think I'm a criminal. Though the press spinners are not on trial in Court 73, there are plenty who think they should be. 2Being tested for performance or suitability. water metering has been on trial in England and Wales 计量用水已在英格兰和威尔士试行。 Example sentencesExamples An electronic ‘eye’ that can tell if a driver is unfit to be behind the wheel went on trial today. He put the show on ice for an extended break in 1985, then literally put Colin Baker on trial to see if ratings improved. It is currently on trial at Hampton Community College and Whitton School. De Vries, who was on trial with Millwall, had no idea just how much influence the two would bring to bear on his immediate future. Du Wei, the Chinese international, will be watched like a hawk at Celtic Park, where he spends this week on trial. Maybe it does look a bit bigger than anticipated, but it's only on trial. The centre is currently on trial at two clubs in Leeds and Bushey. He was placed on the transfer list the season before last and went on trial at Lincoln but returned to City and earned a first team recall. The menu is on trial at the chain's bars in Greater Manchester this month. It is about to go on trial and has received a highly enthusiastic response from British train operating companies. trial and error The process of experimenting with various methods of doing something until one finds the most successful. 反复试验，试错法 pupils learn by trial and error as modifier analyses conducted on a trial-and-error basis Example sentencesExamples It was a process of trial and error that took me two months to figure out. Foraging and experimenting by trial and error would be natural, even if often lethal. For many artists, then, re-engaging with the old processes meant a degree of trial and error. I went through a process of trial and error and found that with either drive plugged in, it wouldn't start up. This method relies too much on the student's trial and error process and results in broken aluminum or worse. Others find the process to be one of trial and error, until they stumble upon one that fits. After a couple of days of practice, learning the job by trial and error method, they work like experts. We have always learned from trial and error with all innovations. When her judgement failed, she had tried an elaborate process of trial and error. It is certainly a difficult task for it works on the basis of trial and error. Origin Late Middle English (as a noun): from Anglo-Norman French, or from medieval Latin triallum. The verb dates from the 1980s. try from Middle English: From Old French trier ‘to sift’, source also of trial (early 16th century). In rugby an act of touching the ball down behind the opposing goal line has been called a try since the 1840s. It got its name because a try gives the scoring side the right to try to kick a goal. The cliché try anything once, dates from the 1920s. The British conductor Sir Thomas Beecham (1879–1961) is generally credited with ‘You should try everything once except incest and morris dancing’, but the composer Sir Arnold Bax reported a similar comment in a 1943 autobiography. Rhymes denial, dial, espial, Lyall, mistrial, myall, Niall, phial, vial, viol noun.1 phr. Definition of trial in US English: trial nounˈtraɪ(ə)lˈtrī(ə)l 1A formal examination of evidence before a judge, and typically before a jury, in order to decide guilt in a case of criminal or civil proceedings. 讯问，审讯，审理 the newspaper accounts of the trial 报纸对审判的报导。 the editor was summoned to stand trial for libel 该编辑因诽谤而被传讯。 Example sentencesExamples The presumption of innocence is a requirement that applies only to the members of a jury in a criminal trial. As Ontario is a province which has maintained civil jury trials, the Juries Act also applies to the gathering of juries for civil trials. The right to a fair trial in criminal proceedings, as embodied in Article 6, holds a prominent place in a democratic society. They can hold people in contempt of court, and when litigants consent, magistrate judges can preside at civil jury trials. They also examined evidence referred to them from commercial, criminal and civil trial proceedings. Federal patents may be the same nationwide but under our Constitution, federal criminal jury trials are meant to differ state by state to some extent. Yes, but they are dealing with the respective functions of judge and jury at a criminal trial. In both civil and criminal trials, appeals courts strongly defer to a jury's decision to believe one witness rather than another. When jury trials were common in civil litigation this was a matter for the jury to decide, and so it was regarded as a question of fact. It cannot be violated to uphold criminal proceedings or to be used as evidence in a criminal trial. There are four problems with this evidentiary basis for the trial judge's conviction. It's an edited version of a real criminal trial before a real judge and jury. Had the evidence been available to the trial judge the verdict may have been different. Your complaint seems to be about the way the trial judge directed the jury. In contrast, in many civil law systems, trials in absentia are admissible, that is the defendant may be tried even if he has never appeared in court and is on the run or in hiding. Also, at the end of the trial, the judge said to the jury that evidence was only to be taken notice of from the witness box. That trial proceeded, I prosecuted, and the jury duly convicted him of perjury. But realistically it obviously would have an intensely huge impact upon the number of civil jury trials for example that might have been held in Queensland. It is for the jury in a criminal trial to draw inferences from the evidence as the trier of fact, not the witness. Nullification is a byproduct of the robust right of criminal defendants to a trial by jury. Synonyms court case, case, lawsuit, suit, hearing, enquiry, tribunal, litigation, judicial proceedings, legal proceedings, proceedings, legal action 2A test of the performance, qualities, or suitability of someone or something. 考验，试验，测试 clinical trials must establish whether the new hip replacements are working 临床测试必须确定髋关节替代物是否有效。 Example sentencesExamples One of my favourite scenes is when Lauren interviews Graeme to test his suitability for a drug trial. In two of the trials, the focal individual's relative dominance status was not as intended, and in one trial the focal individual was highly inactive. Grading systems are needed to determine the quality of various clinical trials. Researchers found only two randomized controlled trials comparing individuals wearing surgical masks with those not wearing surgical masks. A high quality metaanalysis cannot resurrect poor quality clinical trials. Methodological quality of all trials was evaluated using the standard scoring system developed by Jadad and colleagues. Clinical trials must require the consent of the patient. Individual trials have been inconclusive, probably because of small sample sizes. However, this has not been established in a clinical trial. But it was discovered during trials that individuals were able to improve relaxation levels over a period of several weeks by progressing from the faster to slower CDs. Ideally, all drugs used to treat children would be subject to quality clinical research and trials to be authorised for use in children. Most randomised trials allocate individual participants to different treatments. In our view one month into the trial period is too soon to have a valid comment. Clinical trials must use similar protocols to interpret positive results. Instead they voted for a full gyratory system for a trial period of three months. Similar problems of interpretation arise in the evaluation of clinical trials to test the efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs. Then it designed clinical trials to test whether its drugs could extend life, an unequivocal proof of efficacy. And this is how the situation will stay until a clinical trial is performed. These analyses cannot substitute fully for the critical review of individual trials. Those results will reveal whether the drug is suitable for human clinical trials. Synonyms test, try-out, experiment, pilot study 2.1 An athletic contest to test the ability of players eligible for selection to a team. 预赛，选拔赛 Example sentencesExamples The winner of the selection trials will go to the Olympic Qualification Regatta in June in Lucerne, Switzerland, to try to earn a spot at the Games. Both teams are treating today's match at Northpower Stadium in Gosford as a trial for test selection. The named individuals have resorted to coaxing players to quit after encountering stumbling blocks with the clubs in securing the release of the players for trials abroad. The selection trials clashed with the Allstar tournament, but I explained my position and expressed my willingness to play. I was pleased with the contribution of the 46 players at the trials. Team selection trials will be held during September / October. He was not among the 50-plus collegians invited to this summer's U.S. national team trials. He had won the World championship and had qualified for Athens too, but did not make the Australian team after the selection trials. It hindered him so much, he finished second to Dremiel Byers at the national championships and missed the automatic berth in the finals of the Olympic trials. After encountering stumbling blocks with Nkana in securing the release of the player for trials in Belgium, the named individuals convinced Mwanza to quit. The recent Australian National Championships and Olympic swimming trials give a strange story to the world of swimming. In fact, the national championships and Olympic trials are consistently held there. Rather than naming the full team at trials, the five-man selection committee asked seven gymnasts to come to this week's camp and compete for the remaining two spots. The quartet are expected to participate in tomorrows's selection trials, among other athletes from across Zambia. Another Aboriginal athlete vying for selection at the Olympic trials in August will be Patrick Johnson from the Umpila tribe of north Queensland. Lane and the national selectors confirmed the squad on Saturday evening after the trial match involving 41 players. It's become an issue for Australian track and field athletes, whose final Olympic trials are scheduled to be held at Stadium Australia in August. Some players were selected after trials while one province named its team after conducting an inter-divisional tournament. Marambe appealed to clubs to release their players to attend trials to be held on August 21, 23 and 28 at Longden Place. Unlike Olympic trials in individual sports, a hockey team is chosen by a committee. 2.2trials An event in which horses, dogs, or other animals compete or perform. （马、狗等的）动物比赛；动物表演 horse trials 马赛。 Example sentencesExamples Thousands swarmed to Badminton last weekend to watch the prestigious three-day horse trials. The team aim to perform trials in animals that are naturally infected with HBV-like viruses. Johnston won three of this year's recognised trials with horses who were not entered for the big race. His interests are walking, boating and watching horse trials. The bulls have to compete in feed efficiency trials as young animals before they get into the bull studs. Bramham Park is home to major three-day international horse trials and its rural setting is synonymous with countryside pursuits. During the supplemental portion of all trials, heifers were maintained in 0.2-ha pens. She made her yearly trek east in February, to compete in horse trials leading up to the big three-days. Her parents, Sandy and Mike, were delighted at her selection for the British Eventing Team in her first full year of horse trials. The purity of seed for the last round of GM crop trials for winter oil seed rape has been confirmed, reports the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. A big day two for New Zealander Andrew Nicholson at the Burghley horse trials in England. Our stands appear at point-to-points, country fairs, horse trials and game fairs. The animals used in these trials were very similar in age, size, and breed type. This will be Haka's first time competing at Badminton, although he has previously competed in the three-day Burghley horse trials. The Queen's granddaughter, 23, was competing in trials in Dorset on Friday when she fell from her horse. Equestrian stars frequent horse trials staged on our doorstep, while sporting royals are among those taking part at polo events at Ansty and Tidworth. Synonyms contest, tournament, match, game, round, heat, fixture, event, meet, encounter 3A person, thing, or situation that tests a person's endurance or forbearance. （对人的忍耐、自制力的）考验，磨练 the trials and tribulations of married life 婚姻生活的磨难。 Example sentencesExamples Whether you wish it or not, you need to undergo the trials and tribulations of the sunny days and sultry nights as there is no escape from it. After the trials and tribulations of the past couple of years, the embarrassments and the ugliness, how could anyone at Leeds United have thought that Stan Boardman was acceptable as a star turn? Staying focused on what's important has ensured her success as she skillfully avoids the trials and tribulations of the pressures that surround her. Here's a rapper who's capable of making a sincere connection with his audience, so much so that he can get you on his side even when bemoaning the trials and tribulations of excessive wealth. He has become familiar with the trials and tribulations that have tortured Ireland over the years but still says that the people and splendour of the country make it a bit special. My own work is about the trials and tribulations of what it is to be a human being. In addition, Malaysia will be a severe trial for race engines, which will, for the first time, be tested over a second consecutive GP weekend. Tracey herself knows first-hand about the trials and tribulations of putting on shows that are both erotic and comic. News anchors and reporters couldn't make enough references to the trials and tribulations that they faced throughout the day. At some point in our lives, the trials and tribulations of love and romance become a constant - even if we aren't dating, we usually wish we were. I cannot help but contend that they have failed to demonstrate an appreciation of the history of the trials and tribulations of the various groups that shaped this society. The trials and tribulations that the college faced and the tortuous path it traversed are deeply etched in the memories of those who are associated with it. Each episode will ‘reveal the trials and tribulations of these writers on their journey to literary success.’ Despite the trials and tribulations, all ends reasonably happily in this tale of duty and sacrifice, with the Gods being placated and Idamante living and getting his girl. For the last several years, Pat and I have shared a good many of the trials and tribulations in our lives, as well as the joys and successes. Forget about the trials and tribulations of dealing with the complex emotions of the average human (or, even worse, having to deal with your own emotional mood swings). I had the pleasure of speaking to Schneider and inquiring about the trials and tribulations that he's experienced in his career. They had been married for over forty five years and had gone through the trials and tribulations of the Partition of India in which they had lost everything. They were nostalgic, so to say, about the trials and tribulations they underwent to realise their dream of a bridge across the tributary of the Periyar at Manjummel. And it's not just about cricket; it focuses on the trials and tribulations and passions one has to go through to achieve one's dreams. Synonyms nuisance, pest, bother, irritant, source of annoyance, source of irritation, worry, problem, inconvenience, vexation, plague, source of aggravation, thorn in one's flesh, the bane of one's life, one's cross to bear trouble, worry, anxiety, burden, affliction, ordeal, tribulation, adversity, hardship, tragedy, trauma, reverse, setback, difficulty, problem, misfortune, bad luck, stroke of bad luck, ill fortune, mishap, misadventure verbˈtraɪ(ə)lˈtrī(ə)l 1with object Test (something, especially a new product) to assess its suitability or performance. 试验，测试（尤指新产品） all seeds are carefully trialed in a variety of growing conditions Example sentencesExamples It says it has been trialing the product with rival operators for some months now. This will enable advertisers such as Churchill to trial a variety of ads with different types of customer. The Caseys should pick one or two of their export markets to test and trial new formulas. He is also trialling new tyres which he expects a good performance from. This month the hospital began trialling a pilot scheme to give older patients a quiet window in the afternoons when they can eat their evening meal without interruption. But the future is looking brighter after Holly was tested in New York for her suitability to trial a radical gene therapy for the disease. The system echoes a scheme due to be trialled in Leeds this autumn, which will see volunteers testing the equipment without being charged. It is initially trialing its product with 1,000 rural users and has a 10,000 users expansion target. The team trialled the test on 243 patients with infections of the lower respiratory tract, such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Before final publication approximately 300 children and their teachers at ten schools piloted the ideas in the pack, and 21 schools have trialled the finished product. Members of the user group influence what products and services the company launches and can trial them before they go on general release. Our experience of trialing the scheme for Wandsworth schools is that it has significantly speeded up the offer process for the majority of parents. The three-year pilot project is being trialed at a small number of other schools in the county and is funded by Hampshire County Council and central government. It is being trialled on a pilot commercial basis in Germany. Leeds is one of nine pilot areas in England trialling new approaches to identify and improve the literacy and numeracy skills of people on Jobseekers Allowance. The bittersweet combination could save the council as much as £21,000 from its winter maintenance budget, but opponents today questioned whether the product should be trialled in a small area first. Manchester is one of 14 new areas to trial the scheme after it was piloted in six other parts of the country. He trialed a half-dozen varieties on a rocky, elevated field with poor soils and an unpromising northeasterly aspect. ‘The Super Series will be our first opportunity to trial this process in Test match cricket,’ he said. We are trialling it for commercial growing for the first time in this country. Synonyms test, try out, carry out trials on, put to the test, put through its paces, experiment with 2no object (of a horse, dog, or other animal) compete in trials. （马、狗等动物）参加比赛 the pup trialed on Saturday 小狗周六参加了比赛。 Example sentencesExamples This is a ‘must have’ book for anyone who has an interest in sheep dog trialling. Whangamomona also sees endurance riding, dog trialling, and the Great New Zealand Horse Trek which was held last year. Cover said the nation's stubborn Merino sheep make Australian trials the toughest in the world and a class above competitions in New Zealand, Britain and South Africa - the other nations who take sheepdog trialing seriously. This sheep-creature is the biggest single difference between sheepdog trialing and dog events like obedience and agility. But Westmorland Gazette sheep dog correspondent Elaine Hill said it was very rare that dog trialling interfered with wildlife and that few if any people were genuinely concerned about the impact of the Hunting Bill on the sport. Phrases on trial Being tried in a court of law. 受审中 Example sentencesExamples The set-up of the court is different from that for adults so the youth on trial feels more a part of the process. At most, he may wind up on trial in a real court rather than merely in the press. The court acquitted six of the defendants, while the soldiers on trial were all cashiered. Though the press spinners are not on trial in Court 73, there are plenty who think they should be. The six celebrity housemates have been on trial in the court of public popularity all week. The suspect's case is being reviewed by a family court judge who will decide whether to put her on trial. Three men are on trial at Swindon Crown Court charged with affray involving a baseball bat and a brick. You know, I've not been held up on trial in a court of law as a criminal, so no, I don't think I'm a criminal. Last week they also briefly occupied the court where Kulayev is on trial. trial and error The process of experimenting with various methods of doing something until one finds the most successful. 反复试验，试错法 Example sentencesExamples Others find the process to be one of trial and error, until they stumble upon one that fits. I went through a process of trial and error and found that with either drive plugged in, it wouldn't start up. For many artists, then, re-engaging with the old processes meant a degree of trial and error. We have always learned from trial and error with all innovations. Foraging and experimenting by trial and error would be natural, even if often lethal. It was a process of trial and error that took me two months to figure out. This method relies too much on the student's trial and error process and results in broken aluminum or worse. After a couple of days of practice, learning the job by trial and error method, they work like experts. It is certainly a difficult task for it works on the basis of trial and error. When her judgement failed, she had tried an elaborate process of trial and error. Origin Late Middle English (as a noun): from Anglo-Norman French, or from medieval Latin triallum. The verb dates from the 1980s. noun.1 phr.
随便看	awfully awfully awfulness awfulness awfulnesses AWG a whale of a a whale of a — a whale of a — a-wheels a-whet a while awhile a while a-whiles awhiles a-whir awhirl a-whirl a whisker a whisker a whit a whole bunch of a whole new ball game a whole 'nother