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词汇 test
释义

test1

noun tɛsttɛst

  • 1A procedure intended to establish the quality, performance, or reliability of something, especially before it is taken into widespread use.

    试验；测试

    both countries carried out nuclear tests in May
    mass noun four fax modems are on test

    四台传真（格式）调制解调器正在调试中。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The system's performance in cyclic tests at the University of California, Berkeley, was also astonishing.
    • The alloy was then heated and rolled into half-inch-thick sheets, and subjected to strength and ductility tests.
    • Indeed, many of the assemblies have already passed reliability and quality tests needed to achieve FDA approval.
    • An array validation program represents the foundation of tests required to establish robust assay performance in a multiplexed environment.
    • This positive assessment must, however, be tempered by the acknowledgement that the tests establish bare minimum standards.
    • Sirius has launched all three of its satellites, but is still conducting on-ground performance tests.
    • The overall dimensions, damping system, bread carriage and marking fall under the tests for performance.
    • The preliminary tests indicated that the performance of epoxy asphalt was far superior to that of other systems.
    • Finally, we have omitted performance tests for the time being.
    • In short, numerous tests have proven that the enormous mass of these vehicles makes them more dangerous in a crash than smaller cars.
    • Those qualifications are best measured by performance tests.
    • It is his obligation to have the performance tests carried out.
    • To avoid mistakes they have to devise tests of reliability.
    • The results of the studies that measured reliability indicate that the test can be reliable if a standard procedure is used.
    • Well, we'll have some performance tests shortly, but we want to note another stipulation made in the documentation on the modules.
    • As one measure to do this, quality control tests should be performed to determine the degree of variability for each test.
    • All their Mercedes Benz engine parts have passed rigid quality tests for durability and performance as well as all the other car parts.
    • This approach to correct the continuum theories is being pursued elsewhere, but no explicit tests of its performance have been published.
    • On test there was certainly very little buffeting or wind noise.
    • We want you to enjoy our food at its very best and we carry out extensive tests to establish the natural life of each of our products.
    Synonyms
    trial, experiment, pilot study, try-out
    check, examination, assessment, evaluation, appraisal, investigation, inspection, analysis, scrutiny, scrutinization, study, probe, exploration
    screening
    audition, screen test
    technical assay
    1. 1.1 A short written or spoken examination of a person's proficiency or knowledge.
      测验；考查
      a spelling test

      拼写测验。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • We asked the parliamentary candidates for Wimbledon to tell us a bit about themselves and then we subjected them to a test of their knowledge of their area.
      • The final 26 were interviewed and ranked based on their combined performance in the test and interview.
      • Often the question about study in America centres around the performance in these tests.
      • Perhaps the most contentious issue in this debate is the use of standardized tests to measure school performance.
      • Child psychologists are being brought into a borough's schools in a bid to pull up performance in key tests and exams.
      • This young lad, since passing his test, has written off two cars in self inflicted accidents.
      • Written tests can assess knowledge acquisition and reasoning ability, but they cannot so easily measure skills
      • Valued added is the complex score the Department for Education and Skills uses to work out if pupils are reaching their full potential, based on performances in earlier tests.
      • I answered the question, took a seat, wrote the test, handed it in and left.
      • You were told what to learn and expected to repeat your knowledge in tests.
      • Validity standards are based on test content, not on which groups of students take the test.
      • Pressure to show big improvements on test scores forces teachers to spend weeks, and even months, drilling students on the tests.
      • Written tests and performance in one's courses are no longer the only route to higher education or the only index by which students are evaluated.
      • Some of these tests involve knowledge picked up from education, and some don't.
      • Students in the seventeen districts gradually improved their performance on standardized tests.
      • Do you want to compare answers with your buddies during the break and then start writing the test?
      • But it's up to states to establish their own tests and standards.
      • I paid close attention to everything he said, but still came up short on tests and quizzes.
      • Teachers can use the tests to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of pupils so they can identify areas to concentrate on.
      • Judging applicants must pass a written test, demonstrating their knowledge of these rules.
      Synonyms
      exam, examination
      paper, set of questions
      North American quiz
    2. 1.2 An event or situation that reveals the strength or quality of someone or something by putting them under strain.
      考验；检验
      this is the first serious test of the peace agreement

      这是对和平条约的第一次重大考验。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • They had had the element of surprise during the first attack, but now it was to be a real test of strength.
      • It was an unequalled test of courage, strength and endurance, technique being less important than character.
      • The boy seeks out the spirit and asks it how he can become a real bear, to which the spirit replies that he must pass three tests of great strength, endurance and solitude.
      • Overall, he believes the game will be a test for their reserve strength.
      • For the Canton government, the situation was a test of both its sincerity and its strength.
      • Adrian had endured the ultimate test of strength in a man, and here he was, alive and telling it all.
      • Marriages go through difficulties, friendships go through tests, and events can occur that are unexpected and grievous.
      • It is, unquestionably the greatest test of mental strength this present side has ever faced.
      • In fact, he usually finished last in training camp endurance and strength tests.
      • He began strength training last week but will not be allowed to play catch until he passes resistance-based strength tests from the team doctor.
      • It was called Man Vs Beast, and involved humans taking part in tests of speed, strength and endurance against animals.
      • Thus a potentially useful bargain spawned a serious crisis and test of strength and will between opposed alliance systems.
      • Maybe, but knowing, and knowing when to know is the true test of knowledge.
      • It will be a test of their strength, their mental toughness and their attitude.
      • The Dakar Rally is a serious test of endurance and adaptability.
      • Since the beast was invincible by arrow or club the contest was a test of physical strength and endurance.
      • The cola giant, Thums Up, is challenging youth all over the country to undertake gruelling tests of strength and stamina.
      • And events like shot-putting and weight-lifting are tests of brute strength.
      • We used to hold specific strength tests for as long as possible - the last one standing was the winner.
      • Davis' long arms were supposed to put him at a disadvantage in such tests of strength, which makes his total even more impressive.
    3. 1.3 An examination of part of the body or a body fluid for medical purposes, especially by means of a chemical or mechanical procedure rather than simple inspection.
      化验；检查
      researchers developed a test for the virus
      eye tests

      眼睛检查。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Subsequent tests revealed the ‘existence of cancerous tissue’ prompting specialists to recommend him for chemotherapy.
      • Patients with active HBV infection require liver function tests and further medical evaluation.
      • After an ultrasound test and a physical examination, ovarian cancer was diagnosed.
      • Echocardiographic examination and laboratory tests were performed on these children.
      • Your doctor may recommend X-rays along with these and other medical tests to make or confirm a diagnosis.
      • The initial investigations are a sensitive pregnancy test and ultrasonography.
      • So we did and when we got there were told that we would be there all morning, doing blood tests, pregnancy tests, examinations and an ultrasound scan.
      • The evaluation included a physical examination, laboratory tests, and an electrocardiogram.
      • New genetic tests would identify the exact risk of an individual developing heart disease or Parkinson's as he or she aged.
      • They also gave each child a full eye examination using established diagnostic examination procedures and tests.
      • Most advanced medical tests assess electrical impulses in the brain and elsewhere in the body to find areas of activity or lack of it that may be causing a problem.
      • Use of radiation for medical examinations and tests is the largest manmade source of radiation exposure.
      • The authors discuss clinical presentation of disease and diagnostic tests used to identify them.
      • The thyroid gland itself may be checked using a test called scintigraphy.
      • Results of kidney and liver function tests were within normal limits.
      • Others are demanding the introduction of a national prostate cancer screening programme, despite concerns about the reliability of current tests.
      • Although the tumour cannot be completely eradicated, Maxwell's surgeon has told her that tests have revealed it to be relatively benign, and her prognosis is good.
      • At 3 months we repeated physiotherapy and occupational therapy assessments and cardiovascular tests if they were abnormal.
      • Doctors carried out a series of other tests to establish the cause of her illness.
      • Diagnostic tests may include renal ultrasonography or an abbreviated intravenous pyelogram.
    4. 1.4Chemistry A procedure employed to identify a substance or to reveal the presence or absence of a constituent within a substance.
      〔化〕化验法
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The new test can identify the presence of anthrax in less than one hour instead of days.
      • Histochemical tests did not reveal the presence of sugars within the pseudopollen.
      • Emergency tests revealed traces of barbiturates, normally prescribed to aid sleep or calm anxiety.
      • One test for the presence of silver ions in solution is to add chloride ions to the solution.
      • To identify the presence of a ketone functional group several tests must be carried out.
    5. 1.5 The result of a medical examination or analytical procedure.
      化验结果
      a positive test for protein

      蛋白质化验结果呈阳性。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • When her chemotherapy finished in March 2003 she hoped to regain a normal life but she and her family were devastated when tests revealed she had relapsed.
      • The test is positive if both samples grow bacteria and if the catheter sample grows at least three times as many bacteria as the peripheral blood sample.
      • I have seen positive tests in either leg in regional enteritis, and in the left leg in colonic diverticulitis.
      • On the other hand, there may be potential adverse psychological effects from a positive test.
      • One month later, Fred Hargreave and Jack demonstrated positive inhalation tests in three of these workers.
      • If only one of the three clinical tests is positive, imaging is indicated.
      • Potential harms from screening include the consequences of false positive tests, but evidence regarding these is lacking.
      • Women who have a positive test result for the human papilloma virus are also at increased risk of cervical cancer.
      • In eight cases, the skin prick tests were positive, although only one serological test was in agreement with the skin test.
      • Anticoagulation therapy was withheld unless the ultrasound test was positive.
      • The actual probability depends not only on the reliability of the test, but also the number of infections in the population to begin with.
      • If tests are positive, this will be only the second recorded case of human foot and mouth disease in Britain.
      • The rates of positive skin prick tests were similar at age 10 but higher in the index group at age 6.
      • This test is often positive in forms of blood vessel inflammation such as vasculitis.
      • If the HPV test is positive for the high risk type, then the patient warrants a closer look.
      • Electrodiagnostic tests may be positive, but false-negative test results are common.
      • All patients were atopic, as defined by two or more positive skin prick tests to common allergens.
      • Inclusion variables were declared for exposure measures to explore predictors of positive skin prick tests.
      • A woman has received treatment after being bitten by a bat that initial tests show has a strain of rabies which, in rare cases, can affect humans.
      • We've said in the pilot that if you have a positive test, colonoscopy must be made available within four weeks.
    6. 1.6 A means of establishing whether an action, item, or situation is an instance of a specified quality, especially one held to be undesirable.
      准则，标准
      a statutory test of obscenity

      法律判定色情的标准。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Research is needed to establish whether computerised tests of vigilance are useful predictors of safety at the wheel in people with narcolepsy.
      • They found that in control subjects, larger caudate nucleus areas were associated with a worse performance on tests of attention.
      Synonyms
      criterion, proof, indication, yardstick, touchstone, standard, measure, litmus test, barometer

  • 2

    the first Test against New Zealand
    short for Test match
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Gower thought the balance of England's attack, in the last couple of Tests, had been a great asset.
    • Matthew Hayden scored a century in his first Test against three different opponents.
    • The man was the Kent swing bowler Richard Ellison, brought in for his first Test of the summer.
    • This was his second century in two Tests, and the team needs this kind of consistency and responsibility.
    • There are four Tests to go, that is a lot of cricket to be played over the next six weeks.
    • Although crowds for Tests in England remain excellent, elsewhere it is a different story.
    • Can you give some more details of the innings when Don Bradman made 300 in a day in a Test?
    • Under his guidance, South Africa have won four Tests, lost three and drawn four.
    • Hamilton and Wellington will each stage two Tests while Auckland will host the remaining match.
    • A grafting right-handed batsman, he made two of his three centuries in his first seven Tests.
    • The contracts were signed by the players on the opening day of the first Test against West Indies.
    • By the time the Tests began, the boy, with all of two previous matches under his belt, already had the feel of a pro.
    • The last two Tests of the most recent Ashes series showed why the one-day game can never be Test cricket.
    • If required, changes would be made in the team for the two Tests to be played at Barbados and Jamaica.
    • We may have run the world champions close in all three Tests but that is little consolation right at this moment.
    • Australia won the first and last Tests at a canter, but had no answer to Lara's genius in the middle two.
    • At the end of last summer he called for fewer Tests to make way for more one-day games to give the players decent breaks.
    • The Test also marks the return of Brian Lara, who was rested for the one-day series.
    • We tried to regroup for the next two Tests, but both those matches were severely affected by rain.
    • An irresistible force when the mood takes him, he was irrepressible in the two Tests he played.

  • 3Metallurgy
    A movable hearth in a reverberating furnace, used for separating gold or silver from lead.

    〔冶〕烤钵，灰皿

    Example sentencesExamples
    • When fully prepared, the test is allowed to dry, and is then placed in a furnace, constructed in all respects like a common reverberator)' furnace, except that a space is left open in the bed of it to receive the test, and that the width of the arch is much reduced.
    • The test, when placed in position, forms the bed of the furnace, with the long diameter transversely.
    • When introducing a fresh cupel or test, the fire must be low and heat must be applied with great caution, or otherwise the bone ash will split to pieces; and for the same reason the bone ash must be dried very gently.
verb tɛsttɛst
[with object]

  • 1Take measures to check the quality, performance, or reliability of (something), especially before putting it into widespread use or practice.

    试验；测试

    this range has not been tested on animals

    这个范围尚未在动物身上试验过。

    several trial runs were carried out to test the special brakes
    Example sentencesExamples
    • This substance has never been tested on humans for safety nor has it been licensed for use as a medicine.
    • Mr Littleboy said his water supply was regularly tested and the most recent screening in the spring had shown no pollution.
    • The rifle would be tested for accuracy at 50 yards by firing five, five-shot groups from the bench.
    • The coming years are going to be difficult, and everyone will have to assess their own business, to test its viability before proceeding.
    • The aim during the practice match, besides testing the combinations, was quick distribution of passes in match-like situation and fast taking of set pieces.
    • Neither the questionnaire nor the quiz were tested for validity or reliability.
    • Once the system was up and running, it was tested for optimum performance and then used as prototype for the rest of the installations.
    • The agency has also announced sweeping measures to tag and test US cattle and other steps to boost confidence.
    • Excavations of the ditch have recovered antlers that were left behind and after their age was tested it was revealed that the first henge was built over 50 centuries ago.
    • They created their machine, which didn't have a name, and proceeded testing it with remote probes.
    • I think the quality of security products should be tested just as the quality of automobiles is tested.
    • Cosmetics are tested on animals to check if a product such as shampoo may work on a human with no harmful effects.
    • The accuracy of electronic voting can be tested by comparing paper records to digital votes but not to recount an entire election.
    • The substances will be tested over the next seven years by independent scientists working for the new European Food Safety Authority.
    • Pre-cast concrete slabs are being assembled to build the compound wall; all material are tested at a quality lab at the airport site.
    • At least 14 other drugs have been tested in controlled clinical trials and found to be ineffective.
    • We also thank Harparkash Kaur for testing the contents and quality of the study drugs.
    • Their work aims to provide valid exposure data and to develop reliable methods to test different types of mobile phones.
    • These varieties have been tested in gardens in all climates and have been judged to be good performers in all parts of the country.
    • But the original building was opened in 1867 by Bradford Corporation to test the weight and quality of wool.
    Synonyms
    try out, trial, carry out trials on, put to the test, put through its paces, experiment with, pilot
    check, examine, assess, evaluate, appraise, investigate, analyse, scrutinize, study, probe, explore
    sample
    screen
    technical assay
    1. 1.1 Give (someone) a short written or oral examination of their proficiency or knowledge.
      测验；考查
      all children are tested at eleven

      所有儿童都在11岁接受测试。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • She tests us on her weekly columns, gives sudden projects and papers and orals due the next day, and asks impossible things.
      • Our classes are more rigorous than advanced placement and we are tested by international standards.
      • Nor is he merely sight-reading based on familiarity, as he was tested by writing down some simple phrases which he could not have known in advance.
      • I now know to read my lecture notes soon after writing them, again a few days later then yet again before I am tested on this knowledge.
      • So, he was testing me to see if I ever really learned how to - if I had ever even tried to learn how to use it, I think.
      • At times, even when he was offering the audience the hope of real power, he sounded as if he was working his way through the coal-mining regions of Belgium and would be testing us on them later.
      • After the tests, the students were given an assessment of their accuracy, complete with corrections, before being tested again at a later date.
      • Start testing yourself with old exam papers as you go along.
      • Students are now tested on their verbal, mathematical and written composition instead of just verbal and mathematical.
      • Although a limited number of teachers were tested, the score revealed the level of their English capabilities.
      • On subject with that, I was helping Natalie study for her history finals on Friday, testing her on world leaders.
      • Duh, that's why they are testing you in the final weeks of the school.
      • This week's What's Your Decision will really test you and show you just how hard umpiring can be.
      • The students were tested on their knowledge of forms, sets and self defence techniques.
      • No one disputes that pupils need to be tested in exams, but they must have both the time to develop in other areas and, just as importantly, be encouraged to use that time profitably.
      • At the ages of 11 and 14, children are tested in reading and writing and maths - including mental arithmetic - plus science.
      • I happened to have been in New York at the NBC studios a week before, and I was tested Friday, got the test back yesterday.
      • The Bishop came to test us on our knowledge and woe betide the boy who failed to give an instant answer to his theological queries.
      • Students were tested on measures of reading skill at the end of each year of intervention, and again 1 year after the intervention concluded.
      • We replaced the detailed oral counselling before testing with a shorter, written explanation of the salient points.
    2. 1.2 Judge or measure (someone's proficiency or knowledge) by means of a test.
      考查（熟练程度，知识）
      the exam will test accuracy and neatness
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Her CV secured her an invite to an audition which would test her flexibility, strength, floor work and aerial skills.
      • And it extends to independent thinking, which can't easily be tested by exams.
      • Accuracy should be tested in people who are closer to this threshold because they are the type of patient for whom the clinical decision about drug treatment is to be made in practice.
      • I got 92% in the numerical tests, but that skill won't be tested.
      • Your worth as a person is not tested by an examination.
      • In mist or under a covering of snow, however, navigational skills will be tested.
      • It involves a series of activities designed to test the knowledge and skills of the recruits.
      • Game booths tested skeptical skills and knowledge.
      • The exam tested the basic knowledge and skills students acquired by the end of a two-year professional nursing program.
      • Various skills of the student are tested in an entrance examination.
      • The competition tested the knowledge and expertise of 30 of Ireland's most imaginative bartenders.
      • I think students are working a great deal harder and I think exam papers are testing different skills.
      • Firstly the exam is to test the teacher's ability not the students.
      • Geoff Parks, head of admissions at Cambridge University, warned A-level exams were testing the wrong skills.
      • They'll be testing your putting skills in 160 venues, with 10 lucky semi finalists going forward to the final in June to play a shot for
      • The good Dr. Gupta tests his own driving skills and physical endurance on the racetrack.
      • An earlier agricultural contest, the ploughing match, tested both the ploughman's skill and the plough's efficiency.
      • The contestants took a multiple-choice exam testing their knowledge of the subject.
      • It was meant to be a crucial exam to test the basic skills of ambulance workers who wanted to step up the career ladder and become paramedics.
      • If students learn something a week before finals then what they are being tested on is their short term memory version of their knowledge of the material.
    3. 1.3 Reveal the strengths or capabilities of (someone or something) by putting them under strain.
      考验；检验
      such behaviour would severely test any marriage

      此类行为会对任何婚姻构成严峻的考验。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • So begins a harrowing adventure that tests the young girl's mettle, revealing hidden strengths she didn't know she had.
      • It's a safe bet that any lingering Lord of the Rings fans will find their patience severely tested by Emile.
      • No NFL player's courage is tested more severely than the receiver who willingly patrols the middle of the field.
      • He was currently testing them and their strength, they would need to be strong to take on any of the Dream Weaver's guardians, and he had seen their power.
      • You should inquire about testing her for her strengths.
      • The match was played in a wonderful spirit, as befits two friends, although the patience of both players was severely tested by some erratic umpiring.
      • It pointed out that a number of small fires at the centre had ‘severely tested the fire response capability’ there.
      • But spending so much time on the water tested everyone's physical limits.
      • The newly formed friendship is severely tested and I won't give the ending away, but it is indeed an astonishing twist of fate for all three men.
      • This severely tested their friendship, before being resolved - with an offer of Polaris - in a way unlikely between two men less close.
      • He was, again as mentioned yesterday, a member of the Arts Club, though his drinking and other habits severely tested the patience of the members.
      • Nöel-Picq clearly gets a kick out of pushing his story to the limits of what is socially acceptable, testing his audience, daring them to be offended.
      • Their defence was severely tested at times and they have goalkeeper Jonathan Stack to thank for keeping the score somewhat respectable.
      • Her inner strength was tested early in her marriage when tragedy struck.
      • Although tied to the same markets and products, their ability to cooperate was severely tested by crises that revealed different interests.
      • I grabbed it, presuming he was testing it for strength.
      • The character of the team was severely tested and they came through with honours.
      • The seaworthiness of the vessel was severely tested on the Atlantic crossing from Newfoundland but she came through without damage or loss.
      • The year ahead will test our political establishment to the limit.
      • And it is the daunting measuring stick to test a rower's physical capabilities.
      Synonyms
      put a strain on, strain, tax, try, make demands on, stretch
      drain, sap
      challenge
      difficult, challenging, tough, hard
      stressful, trying, wearing, taxing, demanding, exacting, onerous, arduous
    4. 1.4 Carry out a medical test on (a person, a part of the body, or a body fluid)
      化验，分析（人、人体或体液）
      he's been tested for drugs
      Example sentencesExamples
      • All mothers had been tested for HIV antibodies and were HIV seronegative.
      • Their blood serum was tested for traces of antibodies against the influenza virus.
      • If you or the baby's father has a family history of cystic fibrosis or congenital hearing loss, you might be tested to see if you carry one of these traits.
      • After the birth of a child with congenital malformations, one way of looking for the cause is by testing the father's body fluids for organic solvents.
      • At the end of the seminar, 51 officers submitted urine samples to be tested for drugs.
      • At half-time in the match, drug collection officers representing Uefa drew names out of a hat to determine which two players from each side would be tested for banned substances.
      • Skin tests aren't always accurate when it comes to drug allergies, and you can't be tested for all drugs this way.
      • Since 1964, every baby born in Taranaki Base Hospital's maternity unit has been tested by an orthopaedic surgeon.
      • Athletes at the Sydney Olympics will be tested for abuse of marijuana.
      • Fetal cells contained in the amniotic fluid will be tested for Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.
      • The blood and urine will be tested for substances such as blood sugar, calcium, and potassium.
      • I went to get my eyes examined, and they tested me for colorblindness.
      • Forty people who are thought to have come into contact with the substance have been tested and all results have been negative, Selebi said in a statement.
      • Before a transfusion, the donated blood is tested for infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis.
      • Members of the Defence Forces are not tested for alcohol but officers keep an eye out for drink abuse and a soldier could be thrown out of the Forces if the problem persists.
      • Almost one half of U.S. women under age 45 have been tested for human immunodeficiency virus.
      • Before pregnancy, a woman should be tested for rubella and vaccinated if needed.
      • A small sample of blood must be tested by a doctor.
      • The source individual's blood must be tested for hepatitis B virus and HIV as soon as feasible.
      • Blood is also tested for anaemia, iron and vitamin deficiency and liver problems.
    5. 1.5no object, with complement Produce a specified result in a medical test, especially a drugs test or AIDS test.
      （尤指药检或艾滋病检查的）测试结果
      he tested positive for steroids during the race

      比赛期间他的类固醇测试结果为阳性。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Six of his patients tested positive for the virus.
      • He is also a convicted felon who tested positive for drugs in 2003 and was fired from a job earlier this year for allegedly threatening a co-worker's son with a gun.
      • One quarter of all male drivers under the age of 25 years tested positive for drugs, with being cannabis the most common drug.
      • All 10 of the gastric specimens tested positive for pepsin, and all 10 of the tracheal specimens were negative.
      • But his hopes of reaching the top in the game came shuddering to a halt when he tested positive for drugs and was banned from football for six months.
      • Clients who tested positive or equivocal had a high degree of compliance regarding treatment.
      • For most of the drugs, only about half the people who tested positive admitted using drugs.
      • She also is subject to further action for four other horses in her care that tested positive for the drug at Rockingham Park earlier in the year.
      • Four teachers tested positive for tuberculosis at the end of the first week of April; tuberculosis had been diagnosed in 19 pupils and teachers earlier in the week.
      • All cancer relatives who tested positive for H. pylori infection were treated with eradication therapy.
      • I explained that there had been no cases of human anthrax in south Texas and nothing we had sent to Houston had tested positive for anthrax.
      • Arrestees who tested positive for at least one drug were significantly more likely to have had a prior arrest as compared to arrestees who did not test positive for drugs.
      • The operation began on Friday night after two samples of geese imported from China tested positive for the bird-flu virus.
      • He admitted he had tested positive for drugs arising out of the medication he's been taking for his dislocated shoulder.
      • The studies in question took samples of women who tested positive for either of these mutations.
      • Figures provided by the Medical Bureau of Road Safety show that 48 drivers tested positive for the drug last year.
      • During the six-hour surprise road check, more than 100 drivers of cars, trucks and busses tested positive for illegal drugs.
      • All three patients of laryngeal papilloma who tested positive for HPV are symptomatic after year follow up.
      • Although investigators say drug tests show that some of the witnesses in the case had tested positive for drug use, they refused to say who.
      • This led to two utterly unpredictable scenarios: Johnny never tested positive for drugs again, and he boxed better than ever.
    6. 1.6Chemistry Examine (a substance) by means of a reagent.
      〔化〕（用试剂）化验
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The cells were also tested with nitrogen dioxide, a by-product of gas cooking, which may reach levels of 1000 parts per billion or more in kitchens.
      • To avoid these troubles, the substrate must be tested for alkalinity, water vapor and moisture emission.
      • But CAA spokesman Bill Sommer said until a sample of the green and brown substance had been tested it was impossible to tell if it was from an aircraft or some other source.
      • Among the gaseous emissions, samples we tested for included hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen fluoride, isocyanides, and styrene.
      • The quality of lipids was tested by thin layer chromatography.
    7. 1.7 Touch or taste (something) to check that it is acceptable before proceeding further.
      尝；（触）试
      she tested the water with the tip of her elbow

      她用肘尖试了试水。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • To test for taste, make a small patty of the meat mixture and sauté until cooked.
      • Quite naturally, Harris is always testing and tasting recipes.
      • The best way to test a chilli for strength is to munch a bit before cooking.
      • The contest is arranged in collaboration with the Institute of Hotel Management and the dishes would be tested for authentic French taste.
      • He bit his food and chewed, testing the texture and taste.
      • As he leaned ahead and tested the temperature of the air-stream with his hand, he froze.
      • Some little while after Dolly had tested the ground he came suddenly to realise that the door was open and freedom was only a short step away.
      • Using the same pan, fry a small patty of the meat mixture and taste to test the seasoning.
      • Because she had many remedies in court, all these remedies were checked and then tested and tasted by her physicians before she consumed them.
      • To test for overheating, touch your bare wrist to the barrel, near its end.

Phrases

  • put someone/something to the test

    • Find out how useful, strong, or effective someone or something is.

      使经受考验；检验；试验

      complementary medicines should be put to the test in the same way as conventional medicines
      Example sentencesExamples
      • They say laughter is the best medicine and therapists are putting this theory to the test at a laughter workshop being held in Billericay on Saturday.
      • Vehicle recovery specialists were put to the test in Trowbridge on Saturday after two accidents within the space of an hour.
      • You've put in weeks, maybe months of training, and today your hard work is put to the test.
      • Few of us know how we will react in a sudden and life-threatening emergency situation until we are put to the test.
      • The result is an escalating spiral of suspicion, greed and betrayal, in which family and friendships are put to the test.
      • Now his claim is put to the test when he is given 72 hours to treat 40 people who all suffer from an extreme fear of flying.
      • Roddick and Federer were put to the test on Thursday when both competitors had to play twice to make up for a near-washout on Tuesday.
      • We currently have three to four first-year players on the court at any one time, putting our limited experience to the test.
      • I would like to see properly controlled studies where herbal remedies are put to the test.
      • The loyalty, and purses, of Scottish golf fans will be put to the test in future years when it is conceivable that three of the biggest tournaments in Europe could be held here within a five-week span.

  • stand the test of time

    • Last or remain popular for a long time.

      经得起时间的考验（或检验等）

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Whittier started playing the flute some time in the late sixties and his dedication to the bamboo flute has stood the test of time.
      • His piano methods have stood the test of time, but one might wonder why his compositions have not.
      • Majestic and imposing, the monuments have stood the test of time, witness to the ebb and flow of social and political life in the capital.
      • Children from a Horwich primary school danced around the Maypole - maintaining a tradition which has stood the test of time.
      • Some of his works have stood the test of time, but the uninitiated reader would have difficulty in knowing where to start.
      • It is a classic piece of TV comedy that has stood the test of time but most of the other 82 episodes were completely forgettable.
      • At a time when the world is changing quickly and we are moving ever faster to keep up with the flux, it's refreshing to know that some things stand the test of time and remain unchanged by it.
      • It is a remarkable piece of work which has stood the test of time and is still shown in cinemas around the world regularly.
      • The late Thadie Gowran is dead now for almost 80 years but the songs he composed have stood the test of time.
      • Calry sports is one of the few events of its kind that have stood the test of time and all followers of athletics should come next Sunday.

  • test the water

    • Judge people's feelings or opinions before taking further action.

      试探，摸底

      Example sentencesExamples
      • A multinational company and a landowner have been testing the water on plans to bring a £100 million development to the area.
      • Olsen, the German fashion house, has just opened its first shop in Glasgow after testing the water with its own concession in a department store.
      • It was basically a trial product that Nokia, the world's No.1 cell phone maker, was using to test the water.
      • Where better to test the water than Hawick, traditionally a hotbed of rugby and perhaps the Scottish town most associated with the sport?
      • Susie Rae, of Ski Scotland, said: ‘We have limited the tickets because we are just testing the water to see if there is a demand out there.’
      • Dubliner Ronnie Carroll tested the water in the city last year and feels the initiative will pay off handsomely for the Irish game.
      • A spokesman from the trust said: ‘The advert has been placed to test the water and we will monitor any interest.’
      • We have a few thoughts about where he could be moved to but the proceedings are at a very early stage and we are effectively testing the water.
      • As it happens, the French government will test the water, making our government's decision on when to jump that much easier.
      • Everton boss David Moyes is also an admirer of the 27-year-old and may test the water with a bid this summer as he looks to increase the size of his squad.

Derivatives

  • testability

    • nountɛstəˈbɪlɪti
    • If it is agreed that one of the greatest attributes of science is testability through prediction, the application of Occam's razor often makes such testing possible.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • ‘The criterion of the scientific status of a theory is its falsifiability, or refutability, or testability,’ wrote Popper in Conjectures and Refutations in 1963.
      • Traditions of technological practice, and the associated communities of practice, also rely on higher-level traditions of testability, including their accepted tools, procedures and values.
      • Popper defined the sharpest demarcation between science and metaphysics, defining testability as the criterion of demarcation.
      • The project shall ensure that each software requirement be evaluated for accuracy, completeness, consistency, testability, correctness, and clarity.

  • testee

    • nountɛsˈtiː
    • At a TV quiz last weekend, testees were asked where was the biggest McDonald's franchise in the world before 1992: Chicago, Tokyo, or Beijing.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • First, the questions were ‘inane,’ then it turned out many testees had been tipped off to the answers.
      • This is one of those things that can be as much of an ordeal for the tester as the testee.
      • Usually the tables will tell you what percentage of the population would have scored better and worse than the score that your testee obtained.
      • I agree, though, that the test is fairly obviously rigged to move testees in a left-libertarian direction scorewise.

Origin

Late Middle English (denoting a cupel used to treat gold or silver alloys or ore): via Old French from Latin testu, testum 'earthen pot', variant of testa 'jug, shell'. Compare with test2. The verb dates from the early 17th century.

  • During medieval times a test was another name for what is now called a cupel, a shallow, porous container in which gold or silver can be refined or tested. The word goes back to Latin testu or testum ‘earthen pot’. The original function of the container lies behind phrases like put to the test and stand the test. See also acid. The first cricket matches to be called Test matches seem to have been those played between Australia and the touring English team in 1861–62. The term probably arose from the idea that the matches were a test of strength between the sides. If someone reproaches an irritable friend for being testy they are using a word which first meant ‘headstrong, impetuous’ and goes back to Old French teste ‘head’. The words are linked by the fact that teste (modern French tête) goes back to testum. In popular Latin ‘pot’ was used as a slang term for head in the way we might employ ‘use your loaf’ today. Tetchy has the same meaning but is unrelated—it is probably a variant of the old Scots word tache ‘blotch, fault’, from French.

Rhymes

abreast, arrest, attest, beau geste, behest, bequest, best, blessed, blest, breast, Brest, Bucharest, Budapest, celeste, chest, contest, crest, digest, divest, guest, hest, infest, ingest, jest, lest, Midwest, molest, nest, northwest, pest, prestressed, protest, quest, rest, self-addressed, self-confessed, self-possessed, southwest, suggest, Trieste, unaddressed, unexpressed, unimpressed, unpressed, unstressed, vest, west, wrest, zest

test2

noun tɛsttɛst
Zoology

  • The shell or integument of some invertebrates and protozoans, especially the chalky shell of a foraminiferan or the tough outer layer of a tunicate.

    〔动〕（一些无脊椎动物和原生动物的）甲壳；（有孔虫等的）介壳；（被囊动物的）被囊

    Example sentencesExamples
    • From such studies as those of Be and Spero and Wilde, we know that foraminifera sometimes regenerate their tests after injury.
    • The tests of the shells are recrystallized, but the original ornamentation is preserved in very good detail.
    • Despite the astonishing abundance of echinoid spines in the coral reef horizon, echinoid tests were not found here.
    • Although phylogenetic tests in ostracods are relatively clear, morphological evidence is somewhat ambiguous.

Origin

Mid 19th century: from Latin testa 'tile, jug, shell'. Compare with test1.

noun.1
phr.
noun.2

test1

nountɛsttest

  • 1A procedure intended to establish the quality, performance, or reliability of something, especially before it is taken into widespread use.

    试验；测试

    no sparking was visible during the tests

    测试过程中看不到火花。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Those qualifications are best measured by performance tests.
    • In short, numerous tests have proven that the enormous mass of these vehicles makes them more dangerous in a crash than smaller cars.
    • The system's performance in cyclic tests at the University of California, Berkeley, was also astonishing.
    • Indeed, many of the assemblies have already passed reliability and quality tests needed to achieve FDA approval.
    • The results of the studies that measured reliability indicate that the test can be reliable if a standard procedure is used.
    • Sirius has launched all three of its satellites, but is still conducting on-ground performance tests.
    • Well, we'll have some performance tests shortly, but we want to note another stipulation made in the documentation on the modules.
    • To avoid mistakes they have to devise tests of reliability.
    • We want you to enjoy our food at its very best and we carry out extensive tests to establish the natural life of each of our products.
    • All their Mercedes Benz engine parts have passed rigid quality tests for durability and performance as well as all the other car parts.
    • It is his obligation to have the performance tests carried out.
    • This approach to correct the continuum theories is being pursued elsewhere, but no explicit tests of its performance have been published.
    • Finally, we have omitted performance tests for the time being.
    • An array validation program represents the foundation of tests required to establish robust assay performance in a multiplexed environment.
    • On test there was certainly very little buffeting or wind noise.
    • The alloy was then heated and rolled into half-inch-thick sheets, and subjected to strength and ductility tests.
    • As one measure to do this, quality control tests should be performed to determine the degree of variability for each test.
    • The overall dimensions, damping system, bread carriage and marking fall under the tests for performance.
    • The preliminary tests indicated that the performance of epoxy asphalt was far superior to that of other systems.
    • This positive assessment must, however, be tempered by the acknowledgement that the tests establish bare minimum standards.
    Synonyms
    trial, experiment, pilot study, try-out
    1. 1.1 A short written or spoken examination of a person's proficiency or knowledge.
      测验；考查
      a spelling test

      拼写测验。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Often the question about study in America centres around the performance in these tests.
      • Students in the seventeen districts gradually improved their performance on standardized tests.
      • I paid close attention to everything he said, but still came up short on tests and quizzes.
      • Child psychologists are being brought into a borough's schools in a bid to pull up performance in key tests and exams.
      • Written tests can assess knowledge acquisition and reasoning ability, but they cannot so easily measure skills
      • This young lad, since passing his test, has written off two cars in self inflicted accidents.
      • Valued added is the complex score the Department for Education and Skills uses to work out if pupils are reaching their full potential, based on performances in earlier tests.
      • We asked the parliamentary candidates for Wimbledon to tell us a bit about themselves and then we subjected them to a test of their knowledge of their area.
      • Written tests and performance in one's courses are no longer the only route to higher education or the only index by which students are evaluated.
      • Pressure to show big improvements on test scores forces teachers to spend weeks, and even months, drilling students on the tests.
      • Do you want to compare answers with your buddies during the break and then start writing the test?
      • Perhaps the most contentious issue in this debate is the use of standardized tests to measure school performance.
      • Judging applicants must pass a written test, demonstrating their knowledge of these rules.
      • Validity standards are based on test content, not on which groups of students take the test.
      • Teachers can use the tests to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of pupils so they can identify areas to concentrate on.
      • The final 26 were interviewed and ranked based on their combined performance in the test and interview.
      • But it's up to states to establish their own tests and standards.
      • Some of these tests involve knowledge picked up from education, and some don't.
      • You were told what to learn and expected to repeat your knowledge in tests.
      • I answered the question, took a seat, wrote the test, handed it in and left.
      Synonyms
      exam, examination
    2. 1.2 An event or situation that reveals the strength or quality of someone or something by putting them under strain.
      考验；检验
      this is the first serious test of the peace agreement

      这是对和平条约的第一次重大考验。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Overall, he believes the game will be a test for their reserve strength.
      • It will be a test of their strength, their mental toughness and their attitude.
      • Maybe, but knowing, and knowing when to know is the true test of knowledge.
      • The boy seeks out the spirit and asks it how he can become a real bear, to which the spirit replies that he must pass three tests of great strength, endurance and solitude.
      • They had had the element of surprise during the first attack, but now it was to be a real test of strength.
      • Since the beast was invincible by arrow or club the contest was a test of physical strength and endurance.
      • It was called Man Vs Beast, and involved humans taking part in tests of speed, strength and endurance against animals.
      • In fact, he usually finished last in training camp endurance and strength tests.
      • Adrian had endured the ultimate test of strength in a man, and here he was, alive and telling it all.
      • It was an unequalled test of courage, strength and endurance, technique being less important than character.
      • We used to hold specific strength tests for as long as possible - the last one standing was the winner.
      • The cola giant, Thums Up, is challenging youth all over the country to undertake gruelling tests of strength and stamina.
      • For the Canton government, the situation was a test of both its sincerity and its strength.
      • Marriages go through difficulties, friendships go through tests, and events can occur that are unexpected and grievous.
      • And events like shot-putting and weight-lifting are tests of brute strength.
      • Thus a potentially useful bargain spawned a serious crisis and test of strength and will between opposed alliance systems.
      • Davis' long arms were supposed to put him at a disadvantage in such tests of strength, which makes his total even more impressive.
      • He began strength training last week but will not be allowed to play catch until he passes resistance-based strength tests from the team doctor.
      • It is, unquestionably the greatest test of mental strength this present side has ever faced.
      • The Dakar Rally is a serious test of endurance and adaptability.
    3. 1.3 An examination of part of the body or a body fluid for medical purposes, especially by means of a chemical or mechanical procedure rather than simple inspection.
      化验；检查
      researchers developed a test for the virus
      eye tests

      眼睛检查。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • They also gave each child a full eye examination using established diagnostic examination procedures and tests.
      • The authors discuss clinical presentation of disease and diagnostic tests used to identify them.
      • New genetic tests would identify the exact risk of an individual developing heart disease or Parkinson's as he or she aged.
      • At 3 months we repeated physiotherapy and occupational therapy assessments and cardiovascular tests if they were abnormal.
      • Echocardiographic examination and laboratory tests were performed on these children.
      • Others are demanding the introduction of a national prostate cancer screening programme, despite concerns about the reliability of current tests.
      • After an ultrasound test and a physical examination, ovarian cancer was diagnosed.
      • The initial investigations are a sensitive pregnancy test and ultrasonography.
      • So we did and when we got there were told that we would be there all morning, doing blood tests, pregnancy tests, examinations and an ultrasound scan.
      • Doctors carried out a series of other tests to establish the cause of her illness.
      • Diagnostic tests may include renal ultrasonography or an abbreviated intravenous pyelogram.
      • Most advanced medical tests assess electrical impulses in the brain and elsewhere in the body to find areas of activity or lack of it that may be causing a problem.
      • Your doctor may recommend X-rays along with these and other medical tests to make or confirm a diagnosis.
      • Use of radiation for medical examinations and tests is the largest manmade source of radiation exposure.
      • The thyroid gland itself may be checked using a test called scintigraphy.
      • Results of kidney and liver function tests were within normal limits.
      • Subsequent tests revealed the ‘existence of cancerous tissue’ prompting specialists to recommend him for chemotherapy.
      • Although the tumour cannot be completely eradicated, Maxwell's surgeon has told her that tests have revealed it to be relatively benign, and her prognosis is good.
      • Patients with active HBV infection require liver function tests and further medical evaluation.
      • The evaluation included a physical examination, laboratory tests, and an electrocardiogram.
    4. 1.4Chemistry A procedure employed to identify a substance or to reveal the presence or absence of a constituent within a substance.
      〔化〕化验法
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The new test can identify the presence of anthrax in less than one hour instead of days.
      • To identify the presence of a ketone functional group several tests must be carried out.
      • Emergency tests revealed traces of barbiturates, normally prescribed to aid sleep or calm anxiety.
      • One test for the presence of silver ions in solution is to add chloride ions to the solution.
      • Histochemical tests did not reveal the presence of sugars within the pseudopollen.
    5. 1.5 The result of a medical examination or analytical procedure.
      化验结果
      a positive test for protein

      蛋白质化验结果呈阳性。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The test is positive if both samples grow bacteria and if the catheter sample grows at least three times as many bacteria as the peripheral blood sample.
      • Women who have a positive test result for the human papilloma virus are also at increased risk of cervical cancer.
      • One month later, Fred Hargreave and Jack demonstrated positive inhalation tests in three of these workers.
      • All patients were atopic, as defined by two or more positive skin prick tests to common allergens.
      • Electrodiagnostic tests may be positive, but false-negative test results are common.
      • This test is often positive in forms of blood vessel inflammation such as vasculitis.
      • I have seen positive tests in either leg in regional enteritis, and in the left leg in colonic diverticulitis.
      • The rates of positive skin prick tests were similar at age 10 but higher in the index group at age 6.
      • The actual probability depends not only on the reliability of the test, but also the number of infections in the population to begin with.
      • If only one of the three clinical tests is positive, imaging is indicated.
      • If the HPV test is positive for the high risk type, then the patient warrants a closer look.
      • On the other hand, there may be potential adverse psychological effects from a positive test.
      • Inclusion variables were declared for exposure measures to explore predictors of positive skin prick tests.
      • Anticoagulation therapy was withheld unless the ultrasound test was positive.
      • A woman has received treatment after being bitten by a bat that initial tests show has a strain of rabies which, in rare cases, can affect humans.
      • We've said in the pilot that if you have a positive test, colonoscopy must be made available within four weeks.
      • Potential harms from screening include the consequences of false positive tests, but evidence regarding these is lacking.
      • If tests are positive, this will be only the second recorded case of human foot and mouth disease in Britain.
      • When her chemotherapy finished in March 2003 she hoped to regain a normal life but she and her family were devastated when tests revealed she had relapsed.
      • In eight cases, the skin prick tests were positive, although only one serological test was in agreement with the skin test.
    6. 1.6 A means of establishing whether an action, item, or situation is an instance of a specified quality, especially one held to be undesirable.
      准则，标准
      a statutory test of obscenity

      法律判定色情的标准。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Research is needed to establish whether computerised tests of vigilance are useful predictors of safety at the wheel in people with narcolepsy.
      • They found that in control subjects, larger caudate nucleus areas were associated with a worse performance on tests of attention.
      Synonyms
      criterion, proof, indication, yardstick, touchstone, standard, measure, litmus test, barometer

  • 2Metallurgy
    A movable hearth in a reverberating furnace, used for separating gold or silver from lead.

    〔冶〕烤钵，灰皿

    Example sentencesExamples
    • When fully prepared, the test is allowed to dry, and is then placed in a furnace, constructed in all respects like a common reverberator)' furnace, except that a space is left open in the bed of it to receive the test, and that the width of the arch is much reduced.
    • The test, when placed in position, forms the bed of the furnace, with the long diameter transversely.
    • When introducing a fresh cupel or test, the fire must be low and heat must be applied with great caution, or otherwise the bone ash will split to pieces; and for the same reason the bone ash must be dried very gently.
verbtɛsttest
[with object]

  • 1Take measures to check the quality, performance, or reliability of (something), especially before putting it into widespread use or practice.

    试验；测试

    this range has not been tested on animals

    这个范围尚未在动物身上试验过。

    the testing and developing of prototypes

    原型的测试和研制。

    figurative a useful way to test out ideas before implementation

    〈喻〉在实施前充分检验构思的一个有用方法。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The substances will be tested over the next seven years by independent scientists working for the new European Food Safety Authority.
    • I think the quality of security products should be tested just as the quality of automobiles is tested.
    • The accuracy of electronic voting can be tested by comparing paper records to digital votes but not to recount an entire election.
    • These varieties have been tested in gardens in all climates and have been judged to be good performers in all parts of the country.
    • The aim during the practice match, besides testing the combinations, was quick distribution of passes in match-like situation and fast taking of set pieces.
    • But the original building was opened in 1867 by Bradford Corporation to test the weight and quality of wool.
    • They created their machine, which didn't have a name, and proceeded testing it with remote probes.
    • Their work aims to provide valid exposure data and to develop reliable methods to test different types of mobile phones.
    • Mr Littleboy said his water supply was regularly tested and the most recent screening in the spring had shown no pollution.
    • The coming years are going to be difficult, and everyone will have to assess their own business, to test its viability before proceeding.
    • Once the system was up and running, it was tested for optimum performance and then used as prototype for the rest of the installations.
    • Neither the questionnaire nor the quiz were tested for validity or reliability.
    • We also thank Harparkash Kaur for testing the contents and quality of the study drugs.
    • Pre-cast concrete slabs are being assembled to build the compound wall; all material are tested at a quality lab at the airport site.
    • Excavations of the ditch have recovered antlers that were left behind and after their age was tested it was revealed that the first henge was built over 50 centuries ago.
    • At least 14 other drugs have been tested in controlled clinical trials and found to be ineffective.
    • This substance has never been tested on humans for safety nor has it been licensed for use as a medicine.
    • The rifle would be tested for accuracy at 50 yards by firing five, five-shot groups from the bench.
    • Cosmetics are tested on animals to check if a product such as shampoo may work on a human with no harmful effects.
    • The agency has also announced sweeping measures to tag and test US cattle and other steps to boost confidence.
    Synonyms
    try out, trial, carry out trials on, put to the test, put through its paces, experiment with, pilot
    1. 1.1 Give (someone) a short written or oral examination of their proficiency or knowledge.
      测验；考查
      all children are tested at eleven

      所有儿童都在11岁接受测试。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • She tests us on her weekly columns, gives sudden projects and papers and orals due the next day, and asks impossible things.
      • I happened to have been in New York at the NBC studios a week before, and I was tested Friday, got the test back yesterday.
      • At times, even when he was offering the audience the hope of real power, he sounded as if he was working his way through the coal-mining regions of Belgium and would be testing us on them later.
      • Duh, that's why they are testing you in the final weeks of the school.
      • On subject with that, I was helping Natalie study for her history finals on Friday, testing her on world leaders.
      • We replaced the detailed oral counselling before testing with a shorter, written explanation of the salient points.
      • I now know to read my lecture notes soon after writing them, again a few days later then yet again before I am tested on this knowledge.
      • So, he was testing me to see if I ever really learned how to - if I had ever even tried to learn how to use it, I think.
      • The students were tested on their knowledge of forms, sets and self defence techniques.
      • The Bishop came to test us on our knowledge and woe betide the boy who failed to give an instant answer to his theological queries.
      • After the tests, the students were given an assessment of their accuracy, complete with corrections, before being tested again at a later date.
      • Students are now tested on their verbal, mathematical and written composition instead of just verbal and mathematical.
      • Our classes are more rigorous than advanced placement and we are tested by international standards.
      • Start testing yourself with old exam papers as you go along.
      • Although a limited number of teachers were tested, the score revealed the level of their English capabilities.
      • Students were tested on measures of reading skill at the end of each year of intervention, and again 1 year after the intervention concluded.
      • At the ages of 11 and 14, children are tested in reading and writing and maths - including mental arithmetic - plus science.
      • No one disputes that pupils need to be tested in exams, but they must have both the time to develop in other areas and, just as importantly, be encouraged to use that time profitably.
      • This week's What's Your Decision will really test you and show you just how hard umpiring can be.
      • Nor is he merely sight-reading based on familiarity, as he was tested by writing down some simple phrases which he could not have known in advance.
    2. 1.2 Judge or measure (someone's proficiency or knowledge) by means of an examination.
      考查（熟练程度，知识）
      Example sentencesExamples
      • They'll be testing your putting skills in 160 venues, with 10 lucky semi finalists going forward to the final in June to play a shot for
      • Geoff Parks, head of admissions at Cambridge University, warned A-level exams were testing the wrong skills.
      • In mist or under a covering of snow, however, navigational skills will be tested.
      • I think students are working a great deal harder and I think exam papers are testing different skills.
      • The exam tested the basic knowledge and skills students acquired by the end of a two-year professional nursing program.
      • Game booths tested skeptical skills and knowledge.
      • I got 92% in the numerical tests, but that skill won't be tested.
      • Her CV secured her an invite to an audition which would test her flexibility, strength, floor work and aerial skills.
      • It involves a series of activities designed to test the knowledge and skills of the recruits.
      • An earlier agricultural contest, the ploughing match, tested both the ploughman's skill and the plough's efficiency.
      • The contestants took a multiple-choice exam testing their knowledge of the subject.
      • Various skills of the student are tested in an entrance examination.
      • And it extends to independent thinking, which can't easily be tested by exams.
      • Firstly the exam is to test the teacher's ability not the students.
      • If students learn something a week before finals then what they are being tested on is their short term memory version of their knowledge of the material.
      • The competition tested the knowledge and expertise of 30 of Ireland's most imaginative bartenders.
      • Your worth as a person is not tested by an examination.
      • Accuracy should be tested in people who are closer to this threshold because they are the type of patient for whom the clinical decision about drug treatment is to be made in practice.
      • It was meant to be a crucial exam to test the basic skills of ambulance workers who wanted to step up the career ladder and become paramedics.
      • The good Dr. Gupta tests his own driving skills and physical endurance on the racetrack.
    3. 1.3 Reveal the strengths or capabilities of (someone or something) by putting them under strain.
      考验；检验
      such behavior would severely test any marriage

      此类行为会对任何婚姻构成严峻的考验。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The year ahead will test our political establishment to the limit.
      • Although tied to the same markets and products, their ability to cooperate was severely tested by crises that revealed different interests.
      • Her inner strength was tested early in her marriage when tragedy struck.
      • You should inquire about testing her for her strengths.
      • Nöel-Picq clearly gets a kick out of pushing his story to the limits of what is socially acceptable, testing his audience, daring them to be offended.
      • And it is the daunting measuring stick to test a rower's physical capabilities.
      • He was currently testing them and their strength, they would need to be strong to take on any of the Dream Weaver's guardians, and he had seen their power.
      • The newly formed friendship is severely tested and I won't give the ending away, but it is indeed an astonishing twist of fate for all three men.
      • No NFL player's courage is tested more severely than the receiver who willingly patrols the middle of the field.
      • The character of the team was severely tested and they came through with honours.
      • It's a safe bet that any lingering Lord of the Rings fans will find their patience severely tested by Emile.
      • This severely tested their friendship, before being resolved - with an offer of Polaris - in a way unlikely between two men less close.
      • So begins a harrowing adventure that tests the young girl's mettle, revealing hidden strengths she didn't know she had.
      • It pointed out that a number of small fires at the centre had ‘severely tested the fire response capability’ there.
      • Their defence was severely tested at times and they have goalkeeper Jonathan Stack to thank for keeping the score somewhat respectable.
      • The seaworthiness of the vessel was severely tested on the Atlantic crossing from Newfoundland but she came through without damage or loss.
      • The match was played in a wonderful spirit, as befits two friends, although the patience of both players was severely tested by some erratic umpiring.
      • But spending so much time on the water tested everyone's physical limits.
      • He was, again as mentioned yesterday, a member of the Arts Club, though his drinking and other habits severely tested the patience of the members.
      • I grabbed it, presuming he was testing it for strength.
      Synonyms
      difficult, challenging, tough, hard
      put a strain on, strain, tax, try, make demands on, stretch
    4. 1.4 Carry out a medical test on (a person, a part of the body, or a body fluid).
      化验，分析（人、人体或体液）
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Almost one half of U.S. women under age 45 have been tested for human immunodeficiency virus.
      • If you or the baby's father has a family history of cystic fibrosis or congenital hearing loss, you might be tested to see if you carry one of these traits.
      • Fetal cells contained in the amniotic fluid will be tested for Down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities.
      • Members of the Defence Forces are not tested for alcohol but officers keep an eye out for drink abuse and a soldier could be thrown out of the Forces if the problem persists.
      • All mothers had been tested for HIV antibodies and were HIV seronegative.
      • Before pregnancy, a woman should be tested for rubella and vaccinated if needed.
      • I went to get my eyes examined, and they tested me for colorblindness.
      • After the birth of a child with congenital malformations, one way of looking for the cause is by testing the father's body fluids for organic solvents.
      • Blood is also tested for anaemia, iron and vitamin deficiency and liver problems.
      • Forty people who are thought to have come into contact with the substance have been tested and all results have been negative, Selebi said in a statement.
      • At half-time in the match, drug collection officers representing Uefa drew names out of a hat to determine which two players from each side would be tested for banned substances.
      • Since 1964, every baby born in Taranaki Base Hospital's maternity unit has been tested by an orthopaedic surgeon.
      • Before a transfusion, the donated blood is tested for infectious diseases such as AIDS and hepatitis.
      • A small sample of blood must be tested by a doctor.
      • The blood and urine will be tested for substances such as blood sugar, calcium, and potassium.
      • Their blood serum was tested for traces of antibodies against the influenza virus.
      • Skin tests aren't always accurate when it comes to drug allergies, and you can't be tested for all drugs this way.
      • Athletes at the Sydney Olympics will be tested for abuse of marijuana.
      • The source individual's blood must be tested for hepatitis B virus and HIV as soon as feasible.
      • At the end of the seminar, 51 officers submitted urine samples to be tested for drugs.
    5. 1.5no object, with complement Produce a specified result in a medical test, especially a drug test or AIDS test.
      （尤指药检或艾滋病检查的）测试结果
      he tested positive for steroids after the race

      比赛期间他的类固醇测试结果为阳性。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Six of his patients tested positive for the virus.
      • During the six-hour surprise road check, more than 100 drivers of cars, trucks and busses tested positive for illegal drugs.
      • Figures provided by the Medical Bureau of Road Safety show that 48 drivers tested positive for the drug last year.
      • All cancer relatives who tested positive for H. pylori infection were treated with eradication therapy.
      • Four teachers tested positive for tuberculosis at the end of the first week of April; tuberculosis had been diagnosed in 19 pupils and teachers earlier in the week.
      • Although investigators say drug tests show that some of the witnesses in the case had tested positive for drug use, they refused to say who.
      • She also is subject to further action for four other horses in her care that tested positive for the drug at Rockingham Park earlier in the year.
      • The studies in question took samples of women who tested positive for either of these mutations.
      • All 10 of the gastric specimens tested positive for pepsin, and all 10 of the tracheal specimens were negative.
      • One quarter of all male drivers under the age of 25 years tested positive for drugs, with being cannabis the most common drug.
      • The operation began on Friday night after two samples of geese imported from China tested positive for the bird-flu virus.
      • He admitted he had tested positive for drugs arising out of the medication he's been taking for his dislocated shoulder.
      • But his hopes of reaching the top in the game came shuddering to a halt when he tested positive for drugs and was banned from football for six months.
      • Arrestees who tested positive for at least one drug were significantly more likely to have had a prior arrest as compared to arrestees who did not test positive for drugs.
      • All three patients of laryngeal papilloma who tested positive for HPV are symptomatic after year follow up.
      • I explained that there had been no cases of human anthrax in south Texas and nothing we had sent to Houston had tested positive for anthrax.
      • He is also a convicted felon who tested positive for drugs in 2003 and was fired from a job earlier this year for allegedly threatening a co-worker's son with a gun.
      • For most of the drugs, only about half the people who tested positive admitted using drugs.
      • Clients who tested positive or equivocal had a high degree of compliance regarding treatment.
      • This led to two utterly unpredictable scenarios: Johnny never tested positive for drugs again, and he boxed better than ever.
    6. 1.6Chemistry Examine (a substance) by means of a reagent.
      〔化〕（用试剂）化验
      Example sentencesExamples
      • But CAA spokesman Bill Sommer said until a sample of the green and brown substance had been tested it was impossible to tell if it was from an aircraft or some other source.
      • Among the gaseous emissions, samples we tested for included hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen fluoride, isocyanides, and styrene.
      • To avoid these troubles, the substrate must be tested for alkalinity, water vapor and moisture emission.
      • The cells were also tested with nitrogen dioxide, a by-product of gas cooking, which may reach levels of 1000 parts per billion or more in kitchens.
      • The quality of lipids was tested by thin layer chromatography.
    7. 1.7 Touch or taste (something) to check that it is acceptable before proceeding further.
      尝；（触）试
      she tested the water with the tip of her elbow

      她用肘尖试了试水。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • He bit his food and chewed, testing the texture and taste.
      • Quite naturally, Harris is always testing and tasting recipes.
      • The contest is arranged in collaboration with the Institute of Hotel Management and the dishes would be tested for authentic French taste.
      • The best way to test a chilli for strength is to munch a bit before cooking.
      • Some little while after Dolly had tested the ground he came suddenly to realise that the door was open and freedom was only a short step away.
      • Using the same pan, fry a small patty of the meat mixture and taste to test the seasoning.
      • Because she had many remedies in court, all these remedies were checked and then tested and tasted by her physicians before she consumed them.
      • To test for overheating, touch your bare wrist to the barrel, near its end.
      • To test for taste, make a small patty of the meat mixture and sauté until cooked.
      • As he leaned ahead and tested the temperature of the air-stream with his hand, he froze.

Phrases

  • put someone/something to the test

    • Find out how useful, strong, or effective someone or something is.

      使经受考验；检验；试验

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Roddick and Federer were put to the test on Thursday when both competitors had to play twice to make up for a near-washout on Tuesday.
      • Few of us know how we will react in a sudden and life-threatening emergency situation until we are put to the test.
      • We currently have three to four first-year players on the court at any one time, putting our limited experience to the test.
      • The loyalty, and purses, of Scottish golf fans will be put to the test in future years when it is conceivable that three of the biggest tournaments in Europe could be held here within a five-week span.
      • They say laughter is the best medicine and therapists are putting this theory to the test at a laughter workshop being held in Billericay on Saturday.
      • I would like to see properly controlled studies where herbal remedies are put to the test.
      • Now his claim is put to the test when he is given 72 hours to treat 40 people who all suffer from an extreme fear of flying.
      • The result is an escalating spiral of suspicion, greed and betrayal, in which family and friendships are put to the test.
      • You've put in weeks, maybe months of training, and today your hard work is put to the test.
      • Vehicle recovery specialists were put to the test in Trowbridge on Saturday after two accidents within the space of an hour.

  • stand the test of time

    • Last or remain popular for a long time.

      经得起时间的考验（或检验等）

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The late Thadie Gowran is dead now for almost 80 years but the songs he composed have stood the test of time.
      • It is a classic piece of TV comedy that has stood the test of time but most of the other 82 episodes were completely forgettable.
      • Whittier started playing the flute some time in the late sixties and his dedication to the bamboo flute has stood the test of time.
      • Calry sports is one of the few events of its kind that have stood the test of time and all followers of athletics should come next Sunday.
      • It is a remarkable piece of work which has stood the test of time and is still shown in cinemas around the world regularly.
      • Some of his works have stood the test of time, but the uninitiated reader would have difficulty in knowing where to start.
      • Children from a Horwich primary school danced around the Maypole - maintaining a tradition which has stood the test of time.
      • At a time when the world is changing quickly and we are moving ever faster to keep up with the flux, it's refreshing to know that some things stand the test of time and remain unchanged by it.
      • Majestic and imposing, the monuments have stood the test of time, witness to the ebb and flow of social and political life in the capital.
      • His piano methods have stood the test of time, but one might wonder why his compositions have not.

  • test the water

    • Judge people's feelings or opinions before taking further action.

      试探，摸底

      Example sentencesExamples
      • We have a few thoughts about where he could be moved to but the proceedings are at a very early stage and we are effectively testing the water.
      • It was basically a trial product that Nokia, the world's No.1 cell phone maker, was using to test the water.
      • Susie Rae, of Ski Scotland, said: ‘We have limited the tickets because we are just testing the water to see if there is a demand out there.’
      • Dubliner Ronnie Carroll tested the water in the city last year and feels the initiative will pay off handsomely for the Irish game.
      • Everton boss David Moyes is also an admirer of the 27-year-old and may test the water with a bid this summer as he looks to increase the size of his squad.
      • A multinational company and a landowner have been testing the water on plans to bring a £100 million development to the area.
      • A spokesman from the trust said: ‘The advert has been placed to test the water and we will monitor any interest.’
      • Where better to test the water than Hawick, traditionally a hotbed of rugby and perhaps the Scottish town most associated with the sport?
      • Olsen, the German fashion house, has just opened its first shop in Glasgow after testing the water with its own concession in a department store.
      • As it happens, the French government will test the water, making our government's decision on when to jump that much easier.

Origin

Late Middle English (denoting a cupel used to treat gold or silver alloys or ore): via Old French from Latin testu, testum ‘earthen pot’, variant of testa ‘jug, shell’. Compare with test. The verb dates from the early 17th century.

test2

nountɛsttest
Zoology

  • The shell or integument of some invertebrates and protozoans, especially the chalky shell of a foraminiferan or the tough outer layer of a tunicate.

    〔动〕（一些无脊椎动物和原生动物的）甲壳；（有孔虫等的）介壳；（被囊动物的）被囊

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The tests of the shells are recrystallized, but the original ornamentation is preserved in very good detail.
    • From such studies as those of Be and Spero and Wilde, we know that foraminifera sometimes regenerate their tests after injury.
    • Although phylogenetic tests in ostracods are relatively clear, morphological evidence is somewhat ambiguous.
    • Despite the astonishing abundance of echinoid spines in the coral reef horizon, echinoid tests were not found here.

Origin

Mid 19th century: from Latin testa ‘tile, jug, shell’. Compare with test.

noun.1
phr.
noun.2
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