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词汇 anaphora
释义

Definition of anaphora in English:

anaphora

nounəˈnaf(ə)rəəˈnæf(ə)rə
mass noun
  • 1Grammar
    The use of a word referring back to a word used earlier in a text or conversation, to avoid repetition, for example the pronouns he, she, it, and they and the verb do in I like it and so do they.

    〔语法〕(为避免重复而使用的)指代,前指,前照应。比较CATAPHORA

    Compare with cataphora
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Null complement anaphora refers to an elliptical construction in which a VP or IP complement of a verb is dropped.
    • Trying to make sense of this proposal leads to some interesting observations about grammaticality and anaphora.
    • In similar examples involving not coordination but anaphora (zero or overt), it's much easier to get away with this sort of denotation switching.
    • Not every theory of pronominal anaphora predicts this possibility.
    • Binding is concerned with the type of anaphora found with pronouns and reflexives, but the notion is greatly extended.
  • 2Rhetoric
    The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

    〔修辞〕首语重复法

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Through alliteration, anaphora, parallelism and slant-rhyme, Sleigh builds momentum into the eleven, rhythmic couplets and suggests a train's smooth travel.
    • The ultimate purpose of the poem is not to list the queen's virtues but to praise them; the exhortation in the opening ‘Praisd be’ is further emphasized by insistent anaphora and repeated trochees in the first seven lines.
    • Many of the poems in Lateness use anaphora as a vehicle against time because it allows for sensual expressions of textures.
    • This was a suite of six prose poems, mostly composed in an ironic and decorative biblical style replete with anaphora and the artificiality of thee's, thy's and thou's.
    • An analysis of this speech reveals that the student used varied repetition strategies, including anaphora, antithesis, chiasmus, and parallelism.
  • 3Christian Church
    The part of the Eucharist which contains the consecration, anamnesis, and communion.

    〔基督教〕奉献仪式(圣餐仪式的一部分,包括祝圣、追思和领受圣餐)

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The aspect of anaphora is developed by John Zizioulas, ‘Ministry,’ in contrast to its baptismal withdrawal from the world.
    • This is a far cry from Corbon's more simplistic description of the Eucharistic canon as prelude, liturgy of the word, anaphora, communion, and finale.
    • The paradigm which the Eucharist expresses can be usefully described, I think, in terms of a threefold succession of ideas: ecclesia, anaphora, and diaspora.
    • I say ‘surrounding’ as well as ‘focused in’ because the anaphora is but the centerpiece of a series of actions which precede and follow the anaphora itself.

Derivatives

  • anaphoric

  • adjectiveanəˈfɒrɪkˌænəˈfɔrɪk
    • But (I think) all of the examples in those earlier discussions involved some kind of null complement, where an object is omitted as generic or habitual or anaphoric or otherwise unneeded.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Text modifications that increase coherence range from low-level information, such as identifying anaphoric referents, synonymous terms, or connective ties, to supplying background information left unstated in the text.
      • When an expression referring to an antecedent utterance is substituted for ‘x’ in ‘x is true,’ the resulting claim will have the same content as its anaphoric antecedent.
      • Some authors have suggested that the right way to approach this problem is to opt for a dynamic conception of meaning, one that can encode anaphoric possibilities for subsequent sentences.
      • If you use as such in a passage that can't be analyzed this way, with a backwards connection to an anaphoric noun phrase, and a forward connection to a modified noun phrase in subject position, they'll be on your case.
  • anaphorically

  • adverbˌanəˈfɒrɪk(ə)lɪ
    • Even though these anaphorically used pronouns were not very frequent, it is interesting that they occur.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The pronoun form ‘they’ is anaphorically linked in the discourse to this person.
      • The above text has been part-of-speech tagged and skeleton parsed, as well as anaphorically annotated.
      • The title is repeated anaphorically at the beginning of each stanza to develop a series of domestic and natural images that express the pleasure of receiving a Christmas card from a far-flung friend.
      • He delves deeply into the linguistics literature on anaphorically used pronouns, especially the Discourse Representation Theory (of Heim and Kamp).

Origin

Late 16th century: sense 1, sense 2 via Latin from Greek, 'repetition', from ana- 'back' + pherein 'to bear'; sense 3 from late Greek.

Definition of anaphora in US English:

anaphora

nounəˈnaf(ə)rəəˈnæf(ə)rə
  • 1Grammar
    The use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence, to avoid repetition, such as do in I like it and so do they.

    〔语法〕(为避免重复而使用的)指代,前指,前照应。比较CATAPHORA

    Example sentencesExamples
    • In similar examples involving not coordination but anaphora (zero or overt), it's much easier to get away with this sort of denotation switching.
    • Not every theory of pronominal anaphora predicts this possibility.
    • Binding is concerned with the type of anaphora found with pronouns and reflexives, but the notion is greatly extended.
    • Null complement anaphora refers to an elliptical construction in which a VP or IP complement of a verb is dropped.
    • Trying to make sense of this proposal leads to some interesting observations about grammaticality and anaphora.
  • 2Rhetoric
    The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

    〔修辞〕首语重复法

    Example sentencesExamples
    • An analysis of this speech reveals that the student used varied repetition strategies, including anaphora, antithesis, chiasmus, and parallelism.
    • The ultimate purpose of the poem is not to list the queen's virtues but to praise them; the exhortation in the opening ‘Praisd be’ is further emphasized by insistent anaphora and repeated trochees in the first seven lines.
    • Through alliteration, anaphora, parallelism and slant-rhyme, Sleigh builds momentum into the eleven, rhythmic couplets and suggests a train's smooth travel.
    • Many of the poems in Lateness use anaphora as a vehicle against time because it allows for sensual expressions of textures.
    • This was a suite of six prose poems, mostly composed in an ironic and decorative biblical style replete with anaphora and the artificiality of thee's, thy's and thou's.

Origin

Late 16th century: anaphora (sense 1, via Latin from Greek, ‘repetition’, from ana- ‘back’ + pherein ‘to bear’; anaphora (sense 3) from late Greek.

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