1The tough outer part of a loaf of bread.

一个切掉了外皮的三明治。

我从面包上撕下了几块皮。

1. 1.1 A hard, dry scrap of bread.
   干面包片
   a kindly old woman might give her a crust

   一位仁慈的老太太可能会给她一片干面包。

   Example sentencesExamples

   • How often have restaurant forgotten that bread is part of the meal and have given their customers stale, hard crusts.
   • Who do you think is really responsible for the legions of ragged students begging for crusts of bread in Cambridge and Berkeley?
   • Others let their babies chomp down on their fingers, or offer dried crusts of bread or peeled carrot sticks (stay nearby in case of choking).
   • Before long he had me saving scraps of bacon and stray crusts.
   • No one shook with more anger than when they glimpsed a rat contentedly gnawing on a slice of carrot or crust of bread.
2. 1.2 A layer of pastry covering a pie.
   馅饼皮
   Example sentencesExamples

   • So does the lobster pot pie, which contains an assortment of vegetables, a dose of heavy cream, plus a crumbly pastry crust.
   • The potato was badly discoloured and the pastry crust was decidedly soggy.
   • Its pastry crust speaks to a diner of infinite potential, obscuring what's within and defying conventional conceptions of identity.
   • Baked in the oven under a pastry crust and served hot with boiled potatoes and a green vegetable it's a dish fit for a king.
   • You may already be familiar with its crispy crust pastry and mildly spiced creamy filling but now you can prepare this tasty French delicacy in your own kitchen.
   • It was not lacking any salt, and the crust was superb.
   • Sometimes this was encased in a rich crust of pastry or dough similar to saffron bread, a form reminiscent of the Scottish black bun.
   • As with the 18th century version, the dish will be finished off with a pastry crust.
   • Whether you serve a fruity deep-dish cobbler draped with a homemade pastry crust or a lush pumpkin cheesecake, keep the servings small.
3. 1.3 A hardened layer, coating, or deposit on the surface of something, especially something soft.
   （尤指软物表面的）硬外皮，外壳
   a crust of snow

   雪壳。

   Example sentencesExamples

   • We walked on and on, yet I felt no weariness, just a little discomfort as the filth that clung to me began to harden into a crust.
   • The lowlands of the island are blanketed with muskeg, a type of bog up to 3 feet deep with a hard crust on top.
   • Additional signs include itchy skin located around ears, head and neck as well as thick crusts around the outer ear and possible crusts and scales on the neck, rump and tail.
   • The soil, it found, has the consistency of wet sand or clay and is covered by a thin crust… of something.
   • The great gray is extremely powerful, able to crash through thick crusts of snow to seize rodents scurrying beneath.
   • Many canopy trees have protruding crowns, and light availability at the surface of the canopy crust should also differ depending on the position relative to the apex of the crown.
   • After a late start due to a very wet spring, a combination of more rain and a mini-heatwave baked the soil to a hard crust, capping over the seedlings and killing them.
   • It is as if the lava from an erupting volcano had hardened into a crust just before it engulfed the neighborhood.
   • A thin crust of coral is rooted in the sea bed by a fixture of limestone.
   • Making a judgement based on his outer crust you might assume he could be facile and lightweight in a clever kind of way.
   • Lines as corny as this can have someone in the audience break into laughter, and the thin crust of magic that keeps the film afloat will fall into splinters.
   • At first it seems like we are going to make good progress because the top crust of the snow is frozen enough to hold our body weight.
   • Despite its thin crust of moderate strength, the clay becomes much softer with depth.
   • For example, terms exist for powdery snow, snow that fell yesterday, and snow that is soft underneath with a hard crust on top.
   • Cementitious products form a crust over the soil surface once they have set.
   • What's under threat here is simply civilization, the thin crust we lay across the seething magma of nature, including human nature.
   • With each step, their hooves press lightly, then break through the icy crust atop the shallow snow.
   • At this point, the ulcers may develop thin crusts or verrucous changes or may continuously drain serous fluid.
   • It is never more than around half a metre deep, and below it sits a hard crust of limestone, a stratum of free-draining limestone clay, then gravel and finally an enormous water table.
   • I had the warm chocolate tart, with a soft crust hiding its delectable molten interior, while a chocolate sauce kept the whole mélange from being cloying.

   Synonyms

   covering, layer, coating, cover, coat, sheet, thickness, film, skin
4. 1.4 The outermost layer of rock of which a planet consists, especially the part of the earth above the mantle.
   （尤指地球等行星的）地壳
   the earth's crust

   地球的地壳。

   at the midocean ridge new crust is formed

   新的地壳在洋中脊形成。

   Example sentencesExamples

   • Below the crust is the mantle, a dense, hot layer of semi-solid rock approximately 2,900 km thick.
   • The anorthosite rock then cooled to form a solid crust above the hot, liquid mantle.
   • In these areas of the Earth's crust, magmatic rocks lie only a short distance below the sea floor.
   • These include silicon dioxide, or silica, the most abundant mineral in Earth's mantle and crust.
   • These seismic waves in the crust are what people feel when they experience an earthquake.
   • Applied over time, these stresses cause the rocks of the crust to fold and fracture.
   • Earth's crust essentially floats on the denser mantle that behaves as a very viscous fluid.
   • We know that around this time a huge wound opened up in the crust of the Earth; it was like a volcano only very, very much bigger.
   • This will allow scientists to study Mercury's mass distribution, including variations in the thickness of its crust.
   • Slab pull is the theory in which subduction of the earth's crust is thought to pull the plates apart.
   • More than a hundred hotspots beneath the Earth's crust have been active during the past 10 million years.
   • Geochemistry generally concerns the study of the distribution and cycling of elements in the crust of the earth.
   • Also during this time, the Earth's crust cooled enough that rocks and continental plates began to form.
   • It is also possible that upper mantle mafic plumes acted as a heat source for, and made some contribution to, the melting of more felsic rocks in the lower crust.
   • The rising sea level will only be partly offset by geological changes in the crust of the earth, which are pushing up parts of the island's land mass.
   • Oxygen is the most abundant element in the crust of the Earth.
   • So, if there was an early origin of life on the earth one expects that anything which was living in the upper layers of the crust to have been essentially sterilised.
   • I am talking about the crust of the Earth moving.
   • Magmas erupted in continental volcanic arcs typically contain components from many sources in the crust, lithospheric mantle and asthenosphere.
   • If the cracks extend deep enough, the seawater can come into contact with mantle rocks that underlie the crust.
5. 1.5 A deposit of tartrates and other substances formed in wine aged in the bottle, especially port.
   （尤指波尔图葡萄酒瓶中的）酸式酒石酸钾沉淀

1Form into a hard outer layer.

水疱终于结痂了。

1. 1.1with object Cover with a hard outer layer.
   形成（或结成）硬皮（或硬壳）
   the burns crusted his cheek

   他的脸上长满了络腮胡子。

   Example sentencesExamples

   • Posh chefs would crust the top with a blow torch but I don't trust myself with a blow torch when I've lost count of the wine I've drunk.
   • When I got tired of that I took up fire-gazing, watching the flames crusting the coals with rosy spark edgings.
   • Next morning the valley is crusted in frost as I find the turn-off and wind up 11 km through 135 bends, nine of them hairpins, to reach Snow Farm.
   • Fresh fish, vegetables with their roots still crusted with dirt, red tomatoes, oranges, lemons, beans, peas, greens and salad leaves grown in the sun.
   • The latter are four pink-centered morsels lightly crusted in flour, attended by a mix of earthy mushrooms in a translucent gold Marsala sauce.
   • The boy was battered as well, scratches and bruises showing through the pajamas he wore and blood crusting the corner of his mouth.
   • They crusted it really well with a salty garlic mixture.
   • I stood up and after brushing away the dirt crusting my clothes followed her lead.
   • He loved it when the snow started to fall, and he loved the way the ice crusted the fallen leaves like a shower of crystals.
   • Harbor seals haul out in hidden coves, and the fog drifts through a grove of rare Monterey cypress, where lace lichen dangles from the branches and an orange algae crusts the trunks.
   • The and rain and hail came with strong winds which will crust the soil, making emergence of new plants difficult in some fields.
   • I'm a grouchy teenager afraid to get my band t-shirt crusted with flour.
   • Sheets of ice crusted the water, especially closer to the shore.
   • It had taken us longer than expected to make the trip back and we were both a total mess with a thick layer of dirt crusting our clothes and flowers stuck in our hair, which was probably every where by now.
   • There is a tendency to use far too much oil in meat and vegetable stir-fries and indeed, there are too many foods that are heavily crusted and deep-fried.
   • The blue-silver metal was cast in an ornate fashion, and white diamonds spotted with emeralds, beryls and emeralds crusted the edges of the metal.
   • The manaesh, a slightly thicker bread crusted with sour crushed sumac and wild Armenian thyme, was pretty great too, especially when you toast it at home and have it with your coffee in the morning.