Definition of differential in English:

differential

adjective ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)lˌdɪfəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l

technical

1attributive Of, showing, or depending on a difference; varying according to circumstances or relevant factors.
有差别的；视差别而定的；随环境（或相关因素）而变化的
the differential achievements of boys and girls
男孩和女孩所取得的不同成就。
Example sentencesExamples
- This seems realistic as we have no evidence to suggest that management of risk factors may have differential benefit according to ethnic origin.
- Moreover, the differential rates of risk factors predict a future increase in morbidity and mortality among underserved and disenfranchised groups.
- Prevention and intervention strategies, in order to be inclusive, will need to be mindful of the differential contributions of these factors in the lives of girls.
- Tests for interaction or trend, however, did not suggest differential benefits according to smoking habit in either trial.
- At present, it is unclear why there is a differential requirement for such factors.
- Thus, it appears that this relationship is accounted for by factors other than differential rates of incarceration or child welfare involvement.
- The first issue is that nongenetic factors can produce patterns of differential fitness, and create the illusion of local adaptation.
- I also want to make it clear that the literature is not completely consistent in the failure to find patterns of results which support the differential impact of sentences that vary in severity.
- The fact that nesting success was unrelated to features of the nest site excludes the influence of weather as major factor leading to differential success among macrohabitats.
- Differences in abiotic factors such as differential effects of glaciation and sea-level changes on land and in the sea may also greatly influence biogeographic patterns.
- This evidence, together with evidence of differential rates according to day and time of week, explain why local and regional policing and other crime prevention efforts need to focus on injury as well as offending.
- Changes in an explanatory variable will have differential impacts, depending on the category.
- Consequently, sprinkled through the book are references to differential effects of television, depending on class.
- These differential effects did not depend on the child's age or parents' level of education.
- This emphasizes isoform-specific functions in relation to tissue water permeation or growth as well as differential responses to varying extents of the same abiotic stressor.
- Such centres are subject to their own forms of social and spatial ordering, such as differential occupation and use of space according to factors such as age and gender.
- The differential expression of mammalian genes depending on the sex of the parent from which they are inherited is known as genomic imprinting.
- Another factor in this differential growth rate was out-migration from the South.
- After donation, all the blood is divided into its constituent parts by a 3,000-revolution per minute centrifuge according to differential density.
- Because I'm venturing outside my own area of work, and because time is short, I won't review all of the social factors producing differential success of men and women.
Synonyms
distinctive, different, dissimilar, contrasting, divergent, disparate, contrastive
distinguishing, discriminating, discriminatory
1. 1.1 Constituting a specific difference; distinctive.
  特别的；区别性的
  the differential features between benign and malignant tumours
  良性和恶性肿瘤的区别性特征。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Not only offering the means to achieving differential gradations of colour and opacity, the process can also achieve true colour reproduction of photographs and complex graphics.
  We then detail implemented measures that take into account common and differential features between words.
  By proteograph analysis, none of these met the criteria as differential features between the two cell types, yet many of these proteins will have key roles in fundamental breast biology.
  Fluorescence emission can provide a possible method to separate tissue constituents based on differential spectral features.
2. 1.2Mathematics Relating to infinitesimal differences or to the derivatives of functions.
  〔数〕微分的
  Example sentencesExamples
  This ‘index theorem’ had antecedents in algebraic geometry and led to important new links between differential geometry, topology and analysis.
  At Zurich, in addition to his work on set theory he also worked on differential geometry, number theory, probability theory and the foundations of mathematics.
  He contributed substantially to topology, differential geometry and complex analytic geometry.
  His second area of work was on differential geometry in particular the theory of quadratic differential quantics.
  He worked on quadratic differential forms and mechanics.
3. 1.3 Relating to a difference in a physical quantity.
  差动的；差速的；差示的；差分的
  a differential amplifier
  差分放大器。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Rather than measure temperature directly, a differential radiometer uses a pair of antennae to detect the difference in temperature between two separate parts of the sky.
  The signals from the Na + selective and voltage barrels were measured and simultaneously subtracted by the high impedance differential amplifier.
  An analytical differential refractive index detector was used.
  A differential amplifier with a band-pass up to 20 Hz was used to increase immunity to noise.
  A differential amplifier was used for signal amplification.
  The differential amplifier further includes first and second load devices coupled to the first and second collector regions.
  Examples of Type II devices are an inclinometer and a longitudinal differential floor profilometer which both have 12-inch sensor wheel spacing.
  A differential amplifier was constructed and has many advantages for a variety of applications.
  Each member of a pair of coils that sense the same component of the transmitted field is connected to a different input of a differential amplifier.
  A differential amplifier calculates a difference between the reference signal and the output signal from the sample and hold circuit.
  Shifts in the field of view directly affected displacement output, but density increment and strain, being differential quantities, were unaffected.
  Rail-to-rail input common mode range differential amplifier that operates with very low rail-to-rail voltages

noun ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)lˌdɪfəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l

technical

1A difference between amounts of things.
差额
the differential between petrol and diesel prices
汽油和柴油的价差。
Example sentencesExamples
- Accountants in large firms are more accustomed to a power differential between different levels of management than are accountants in small firms.
- And profit is a function of the differential between real costs and possible prices.
- They also noted seasonal variation in the differential between the two groups.
- The result included some desirable elements, such as the differential between urban and non-urban taxes and diesel fuel, but was fatally flawed by the commitment that the price of fuel would not increase.
- A very high proportion of th e workforce is lowly paid, the differential between the very high income of a small minority and the remarkably low income of the majority of Irish workers being among the highest in the Western world.
- The differential between interest earned and interest paid out by a bank is called the net interest margin.
- In a study carried out last year, it emerged that the differential between the cost of books for a first standard pupil can be between £19.48 and £28.97.
- The differential between male and female earnings increased over the period as well.
- A majority of American states either mandate or permit manual recounting when the differential between the machine vote totals for opposing candidates is within a certain margin.
- The differential between public sector union employees and the rest of the working class in wages, benefits, and job security makes a joke of the very concept of working class solidarity.
- The Government hopes the move will help slash the differential between country and city fuel prices.
- The result has been a sharp widening in the differential between the wages of highly skilled and low-skilled labor in the United States and other advanced countries.
- The differential between the New Zealand and Australian corporate tax regimes needed to be addressed as a ‘matter of priority’.
- The differential between the reserve rate and the market rate on treasury bills could decline to make up for the declining demand for reserves derived from the demand for checking accounts.
- In most countries, the differential between urban and rural wages is quite pronounced, and this was - and is - certainly the case in Thailand.
- Would you explain the differential between those two sums?
- Certainly, the differential between the amount of American workers and Chinese workers will shrink.
- Well, unquestionably, I ran closest to the president of any of the other Republican candidates that won in terms of the differential between his vote and mine.
- However, the use of the exchange rate as a nominal anchor also led to its real appreciation - as it takes time for the differential between domestic and foreign inflation to fall.
- The primary turnover measurement is the differential between takeaways and giveaways.
Synonyms
difference, gap, gulf, divergence, disparity, discrepancy, imbalance, inequality, contrast, distinction
1. 1.1British A difference in wages between industries or between categories of employees in the same industry.
  〈英〉（不同行业间或同行业不同类别的雇员间的）工资差
  regional differentials in pay
  地区性的酬薪差别。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Pay differentials in a capitalist society are stark, but the alternative - everybody getting the same - is Marxism, which never works anyway.
  And it isn't motivated by just wage differentials.
  Employees have voted to take action due to pay differentials between workers in London and Kent.
  First she says there ought to be a rational justification for pay differentials.
  The Central Bank, like many other government bodies, has suffered from a transfer of resources to private industry driven largely by salary differentials.
  The wage differentials curbed to reasonable limits.
  If the widening of the wage differential is allowed to proceed unchecked, it threatens to create within our own country a social problem of major proportions.
  German unions maintain rigid wage differentials for skills in order to protect their poorest workers.
  Small firms are also under pressure to maintain pay differentials between their junior and more experienced staff to create a career path.
  These include the recognition of regional wage differentials.
  Regional differentials should be introduced or re-introduced into award rates of pay.
  Factors of production do not move easily across national boundaries in response to wage price differentials.
  Authenticity means hammering on about growing inequality and doing something about gross pay differentials.
  If they are allowed to explain pay differentials, they only perpetuate that past discrimination.
  The court stated that a number of criteria used by employers to justify incremental pay differentials will have to be justified.
  And it is also true that wage differentials between the public and private sector pay have increased.
  We have only to note the way groups of workers use widening or narrowing differentials in the pay structure to argue for wage increases to see the truth of George's statement.
  The dispute concerns night-shift and day-shift pay differentials.
  The situation is worsened by distorted pay differentials.
  Negotiations over reducing pay differentials have broken down.
  Synonyms
  imbalance, inequity, unevenness, disproportion, inconsistency, variation, variability
2. 1.2Mathematics An infinitesimal difference between successive values of a variable.
  〔数〕微分
  Example sentencesExamples
  He published a series of works on combinatorial mathematics, in particular probability, series and formulas for higher differentials.
  It investigates the use of some functional equations in order to calculate the differentials of logarithmic and trigonometrical functions as well as the binomial expansion and Taylor formula.
  He used differentials in his courses, which he supplemented with a special one on difference equations and numerical mathematics because engineers often work on discrete data.
  Here the Fréchet differential plays a decisive role.
  He had shown when certain elliptic differentials could be integrated in logarithms but his methods was of little practical use.
3. 1.3 A set of gears allowing a motor vehicle's driven wheels to revolve at different speeds when going around corners.
  差动齿轮，差速器行星齿轮
  Example sentencesExamples
  A propeller shaft transferred the power from the gearbox to the differential.
  Power exits the transmission through a custom metal matrix composite aluminum driveshaft into a race-specification differential with a 4.56: 1 final drive ratio.
  One application of this is in the combined gearbox and differential.
  It's just a bunch of tiny things rather than big engines, differentials, heavy wheels, that comes out during the race, blocks made of wax in the springs that crush when the race starts.
  By applying brake pressure to a slipping wheel, torque is transferred across that axle's differential to the other wheel.
  The additional weight is attributed to the brake system, which will consist of an aluminum brake caliper, steel rotor and pad as specified by the IRL, as well as the limited slip differential in the gearbox.
  There is a viscous coupling in the front axle, a self-locking differential in the rear and the whole thing alters torque seamlessly from front to rear as required.
  This same product also secures the crown wheel to the differential to prevent fretting (wear caused by small metal particles generated on assembly).
  He then locked up the differential on his rear axles, tried it again, got a bit of traction, pulled forward, thought he could then back in, tried that, and got stuck again.
  The transfer cases feature an open center differential which absorbs the speed difference between axles and the front-axle drive.
  And the final drive differential linked to the output pulley with a pair of transfer gears is the third.
  When so engaged, the clutch pack completes the link between the spinning prop shaft and the rear differential, dispatching engine torque to the rear wheels.
  That could explain why so many u-joints, clutches, transmissions, differentials and brakes were used up.
  Meanwhile other educators having understood the merits of the round wheel, have moved on to the complexities of the axle and the differential.
  Unfortunately, this is only available on the 3.7 litre petrol version, which gets an extra differential in the driveline.
  There will be components like axles, differentials, for certain products that are very similar in architecture to ours.
  Instead, if the driver pushes the accelerator to the floor, the differential cuts the power until the front wheels can find traction, then it allows all the power through.
  The Race Logic traction control and limited slip differential allows all areas access to the machine's mighty torque.
  That would include the engine, the transmission, the differential and the axles.
  Torque transfer is a function of the internal gearing, which generates frictional resistance to differentiation through the axial and radial thrust forces of the gears in the differential.

Origin

Mid 17th century: from medieval Latin differentialis, from Latin differentia 'difference' (see differentia).

Rhymes

cadential, confidential, consequential, credential, deferential, essential, evidential, existential, experiential, exponential, influential, intelligential, irreverential, jurisprudential, penitential, pestilential, potential, preferential, presidential, providential, prudential, quintessential, referential, residential, reverential, sapiential, sciential, sentential, sequential, tangential, torrential

Definition of differential in US English:

differential

adjectiveˌdifəˈren(t)SH(ə)lˌdɪfəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l

technical

1attributive Of, showing, or depending on a difference; differing or varying according to circumstances or relevant factors.
有差别的；视差别而定的；随环境（或相关因素）而变化的
the differential achievements of boys and girls
男孩和女孩所取得的不同成就。
Example sentencesExamples
- The differential expression of mammalian genes depending on the sex of the parent from which they are inherited is known as genomic imprinting.
- These differential effects did not depend on the child's age or parents' level of education.
- At present, it is unclear why there is a differential requirement for such factors.
- Changes in an explanatory variable will have differential impacts, depending on the category.
- I also want to make it clear that the literature is not completely consistent in the failure to find patterns of results which support the differential impact of sentences that vary in severity.
- Differences in abiotic factors such as differential effects of glaciation and sea-level changes on land and in the sea may also greatly influence biogeographic patterns.
- Prevention and intervention strategies, in order to be inclusive, will need to be mindful of the differential contributions of these factors in the lives of girls.
- Thus, it appears that this relationship is accounted for by factors other than differential rates of incarceration or child welfare involvement.
- Moreover, the differential rates of risk factors predict a future increase in morbidity and mortality among underserved and disenfranchised groups.
- The first issue is that nongenetic factors can produce patterns of differential fitness, and create the illusion of local adaptation.
- The fact that nesting success was unrelated to features of the nest site excludes the influence of weather as major factor leading to differential success among macrohabitats.
- Tests for interaction or trend, however, did not suggest differential benefits according to smoking habit in either trial.
- After donation, all the blood is divided into its constituent parts by a 3,000-revolution per minute centrifuge according to differential density.
- This evidence, together with evidence of differential rates according to day and time of week, explain why local and regional policing and other crime prevention efforts need to focus on injury as well as offending.
- Because I'm venturing outside my own area of work, and because time is short, I won't review all of the social factors producing differential success of men and women.
- Consequently, sprinkled through the book are references to differential effects of television, depending on class.
- This seems realistic as we have no evidence to suggest that management of risk factors may have differential benefit according to ethnic origin.
- Another factor in this differential growth rate was out-migration from the South.
- Such centres are subject to their own forms of social and spatial ordering, such as differential occupation and use of space according to factors such as age and gender.
- This emphasizes isoform-specific functions in relation to tissue water permeation or growth as well as differential responses to varying extents of the same abiotic stressor.
Synonyms
distinctive, different, dissimilar, contrasting, divergent, disparate, contrastive
1. 1.1 Constituting a specific difference; distinctive.
  特别的；区别性的
  the differential features between benign and malignant tumors
  良性和恶性肿瘤的区别性特征。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Not only offering the means to achieving differential gradations of colour and opacity, the process can also achieve true colour reproduction of photographs and complex graphics.
  By proteograph analysis, none of these met the criteria as differential features between the two cell types, yet many of these proteins will have key roles in fundamental breast biology.
  We then detail implemented measures that take into account common and differential features between words.
  Fluorescence emission can provide a possible method to separate tissue constituents based on differential spectral features.
2. 1.2Mathematics Relating to infinitesimal differences or to the derivatives of functions.
  〔数〕微分的
  Example sentencesExamples
  At Zurich, in addition to his work on set theory he also worked on differential geometry, number theory, probability theory and the foundations of mathematics.
  This ‘index theorem’ had antecedents in algebraic geometry and led to important new links between differential geometry, topology and analysis.
  He contributed substantially to topology, differential geometry and complex analytic geometry.
  His second area of work was on differential geometry in particular the theory of quadratic differential quantics.
  He worked on quadratic differential forms and mechanics.
3. 1.3 Relating to a difference in a physical quantity.
  差动的；差速的；差示的；差分的
  a differential amplifier
  差分放大器。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Shifts in the field of view directly affected displacement output, but density increment and strain, being differential quantities, were unaffected.
  A differential amplifier calculates a difference between the reference signal and the output signal from the sample and hold circuit.
  The differential amplifier further includes first and second load devices coupled to the first and second collector regions.
  An analytical differential refractive index detector was used.
  A differential amplifier was used for signal amplification.
  Each member of a pair of coils that sense the same component of the transmitted field is connected to a different input of a differential amplifier.
  Rather than measure temperature directly, a differential radiometer uses a pair of antennae to detect the difference in temperature between two separate parts of the sky.
  A differential amplifier with a band-pass up to 20 Hz was used to increase immunity to noise.
  The signals from the Na + selective and voltage barrels were measured and simultaneously subtracted by the high impedance differential amplifier.
  A differential amplifier was constructed and has many advantages for a variety of applications.
  Examples of Type II devices are an inclinometer and a longitudinal differential floor profilometer which both have 12-inch sensor wheel spacing.
  Rail-to-rail input common mode range differential amplifier that operates with very low rail-to-rail voltages

nounˌdifəˈren(t)SH(ə)lˌdɪfəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l

technical

1A difference between amounts of things.
差额
the differential between gasoline and diesel prices
汽油和柴油的价差。
Example sentencesExamples
- In most countries, the differential between urban and rural wages is quite pronounced, and this was - and is - certainly the case in Thailand.
- Accountants in large firms are more accustomed to a power differential between different levels of management than are accountants in small firms.
- A very high proportion of th e workforce is lowly paid, the differential between the very high income of a small minority and the remarkably low income of the majority of Irish workers being among the highest in the Western world.
- However, the use of the exchange rate as a nominal anchor also led to its real appreciation - as it takes time for the differential between domestic and foreign inflation to fall.
- The differential between male and female earnings increased over the period as well.
- The differential between interest earned and interest paid out by a bank is called the net interest margin.
- The primary turnover measurement is the differential between takeaways and giveaways.
- The differential between the New Zealand and Australian corporate tax regimes needed to be addressed as a ‘matter of priority’.
- A majority of American states either mandate or permit manual recounting when the differential between the machine vote totals for opposing candidates is within a certain margin.
- And profit is a function of the differential between real costs and possible prices.
- The Government hopes the move will help slash the differential between country and city fuel prices.
- The differential between public sector union employees and the rest of the working class in wages, benefits, and job security makes a joke of the very concept of working class solidarity.
- Certainly, the differential between the amount of American workers and Chinese workers will shrink.
- In a study carried out last year, it emerged that the differential between the cost of books for a first standard pupil can be between £19.48 and £28.97.
- They also noted seasonal variation in the differential between the two groups.
- The differential between the reserve rate and the market rate on treasury bills could decline to make up for the declining demand for reserves derived from the demand for checking accounts.
- Would you explain the differential between those two sums?
- The result has been a sharp widening in the differential between the wages of highly skilled and low-skilled labor in the United States and other advanced countries.
- The result included some desirable elements, such as the differential between urban and non-urban taxes and diesel fuel, but was fatally flawed by the commitment that the price of fuel would not increase.
- Well, unquestionably, I ran closest to the president of any of the other Republican candidates that won in terms of the differential between his vote and mine.
Synonyms
difference, gap, gulf, divergence, disparity, discrepancy, imbalance, inequality, contrast, distinction
1. 1.1Mathematics An infinitesimal difference between successive values of a variable.
  〔数〕微分
  Example sentencesExamples
  Here the Fréchet differential plays a decisive role.
  He had shown when certain elliptic differentials could be integrated in logarithms but his methods was of little practical use.
  It investigates the use of some functional equations in order to calculate the differentials of logarithmic and trigonometrical functions as well as the binomial expansion and Taylor formula.
  He published a series of works on combinatorial mathematics, in particular probability, series and formulas for higher differentials.
  He used differentials in his courses, which he supplemented with a special one on difference equations and numerical mathematics because engineers often work on discrete data.
2. 1.2 A set of gears allowing a motor vehicle's driven wheels to revolve at different speeds when going around corners.
  差动齿轮，差速器行星齿轮
  Example sentencesExamples
  Meanwhile other educators having understood the merits of the round wheel, have moved on to the complexities of the axle and the differential.
  The transfer cases feature an open center differential which absorbs the speed difference between axles and the front-axle drive.
  He then locked up the differential on his rear axles, tried it again, got a bit of traction, pulled forward, thought he could then back in, tried that, and got stuck again.
  That could explain why so many u-joints, clutches, transmissions, differentials and brakes were used up.
  There is a viscous coupling in the front axle, a self-locking differential in the rear and the whole thing alters torque seamlessly from front to rear as required.
  A propeller shaft transferred the power from the gearbox to the differential.
  Torque transfer is a function of the internal gearing, which generates frictional resistance to differentiation through the axial and radial thrust forces of the gears in the differential.
  Unfortunately, this is only available on the 3.7 litre petrol version, which gets an extra differential in the driveline.
  And the final drive differential linked to the output pulley with a pair of transfer gears is the third.
  That would include the engine, the transmission, the differential and the axles.
  The Race Logic traction control and limited slip differential allows all areas access to the machine's mighty torque.
  It's just a bunch of tiny things rather than big engines, differentials, heavy wheels, that comes out during the race, blocks made of wax in the springs that crush when the race starts.
  One application of this is in the combined gearbox and differential.
  Power exits the transmission through a custom metal matrix composite aluminum driveshaft into a race-specification differential with a 4.56: 1 final drive ratio.
  The additional weight is attributed to the brake system, which will consist of an aluminum brake caliper, steel rotor and pad as specified by the IRL, as well as the limited slip differential in the gearbox.
  This same product also secures the crown wheel to the differential to prevent fretting (wear caused by small metal particles generated on assembly).
  There will be components like axles, differentials, for certain products that are very similar in architecture to ours.
  When so engaged, the clutch pack completes the link between the spinning prop shaft and the rear differential, dispatching engine torque to the rear wheels.
  By applying brake pressure to a slipping wheel, torque is transferred across that axle's differential to the other wheel.
  Instead, if the driver pushes the accelerator to the floor, the differential cuts the power until the front wheels can find traction, then it allows all the power through.

Origin

Mid 17th century: from medieval Latin differentialis, from Latin differentia ‘difference’ (see differentia).

词汇	differential
释义	Definition of differential in English: differential adjective ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)lˌdɪfəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l technical 1attributive Of, showing, or depending on a difference; varying according to circumstances or relevant factors. 有差别的；视差别而定的；随环境（或相关因素）而变化的 the differential achievements of boys and girls 男孩和女孩所取得的不同成就。 Example sentencesExamples This seems realistic as we have no evidence to suggest that management of risk factors may have differential benefit according to ethnic origin. Moreover, the differential rates of risk factors predict a future increase in morbidity and mortality among underserved and disenfranchised groups. Prevention and intervention strategies, in order to be inclusive, will need to be mindful of the differential contributions of these factors in the lives of girls. Tests for interaction or trend, however, did not suggest differential benefits according to smoking habit in either trial. At present, it is unclear why there is a differential requirement for such factors. Thus, it appears that this relationship is accounted for by factors other than differential rates of incarceration or child welfare involvement. The first issue is that nongenetic factors can produce patterns of differential fitness, and create the illusion of local adaptation. I also want to make it clear that the literature is not completely consistent in the failure to find patterns of results which support the differential impact of sentences that vary in severity. The fact that nesting success was unrelated to features of the nest site excludes the influence of weather as major factor leading to differential success among macrohabitats. Differences in abiotic factors such as differential effects of glaciation and sea-level changes on land and in the sea may also greatly influence biogeographic patterns. This evidence, together with evidence of differential rates according to day and time of week, explain why local and regional policing and other crime prevention efforts need to focus on injury as well as offending. Changes in an explanatory variable will have differential impacts, depending on the category. Consequently, sprinkled through the book are references to differential effects of television, depending on class. These differential effects did not depend on the child's age or parents' level of education. This emphasizes isoform-specific functions in relation to tissue water permeation or growth as well as differential responses to varying extents of the same abiotic stressor. Such centres are subject to their own forms of social and spatial ordering, such as differential occupation and use of space according to factors such as age and gender. The differential expression of mammalian genes depending on the sex of the parent from which they are inherited is known as genomic imprinting. Another factor in this differential growth rate was out-migration from the South. After donation, all the blood is divided into its constituent parts by a 3,000-revolution per minute centrifuge according to differential density. Because I'm venturing outside my own area of work, and because time is short, I won't review all of the social factors producing differential success of men and women. Synonyms distinctive, different, dissimilar, contrasting, divergent, disparate, contrastive distinguishing, discriminating, discriminatory 1.1 Constituting a specific difference; distinctive. 特别的；区别性的 the differential features between benign and malignant tumours 良性和恶性肿瘤的区别性特征。 Example sentencesExamples Not only offering the means to achieving differential gradations of colour and opacity, the process can also achieve true colour reproduction of photographs and complex graphics. We then detail implemented measures that take into account common and differential features between words. By proteograph analysis, none of these met the criteria as differential features between the two cell types, yet many of these proteins will have key roles in fundamental breast biology. Fluorescence emission can provide a possible method to separate tissue constituents based on differential spectral features. 1.2Mathematics Relating to infinitesimal differences or to the derivatives of functions. 〔数〕微分的 Example sentencesExamples This ‘index theorem’ had antecedents in algebraic geometry and led to important new links between differential geometry, topology and analysis. At Zurich, in addition to his work on set theory he also worked on differential geometry, number theory, probability theory and the foundations of mathematics. He contributed substantially to topology, differential geometry and complex analytic geometry. His second area of work was on differential geometry in particular the theory of quadratic differential quantics. He worked on quadratic differential forms and mechanics. 1.3 Relating to a difference in a physical quantity. 差动的；差速的；差示的；差分的 a differential amplifier 差分放大器。 Example sentencesExamples Rather than measure temperature directly, a differential radiometer uses a pair of antennae to detect the difference in temperature between two separate parts of the sky. The signals from the Na + selective and voltage barrels were measured and simultaneously subtracted by the high impedance differential amplifier. An analytical differential refractive index detector was used. A differential amplifier with a band-pass up to 20 Hz was used to increase immunity to noise. A differential amplifier was used for signal amplification. The differential amplifier further includes first and second load devices coupled to the first and second collector regions. Examples of Type II devices are an inclinometer and a longitudinal differential floor profilometer which both have 12-inch sensor wheel spacing. A differential amplifier was constructed and has many advantages for a variety of applications. Each member of a pair of coils that sense the same component of the transmitted field is connected to a different input of a differential amplifier. A differential amplifier calculates a difference between the reference signal and the output signal from the sample and hold circuit. Shifts in the field of view directly affected displacement output, but density increment and strain, being differential quantities, were unaffected. Rail-to-rail input common mode range differential amplifier that operates with very low rail-to-rail voltages noun ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃ(ə)lˌdɪfəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l technical 1A difference between amounts of things. 差额 the differential between petrol and diesel prices 汽油和柴油的价差。 Example sentencesExamples Accountants in large firms are more accustomed to a power differential between different levels of management than are accountants in small firms. And profit is a function of the differential between real costs and possible prices. They also noted seasonal variation in the differential between the two groups. The result included some desirable elements, such as the differential between urban and non-urban taxes and diesel fuel, but was fatally flawed by the commitment that the price of fuel would not increase. A very high proportion of th e workforce is lowly paid, the differential between the very high income of a small minority and the remarkably low income of the majority of Irish workers being among the highest in the Western world. The differential between interest earned and interest paid out by a bank is called the net interest margin. In a study carried out last year, it emerged that the differential between the cost of books for a first standard pupil can be between £19.48 and £28.97. The differential between male and female earnings increased over the period as well. A majority of American states either mandate or permit manual recounting when the differential between the machine vote totals for opposing candidates is within a certain margin. The differential between public sector union employees and the rest of the working class in wages, benefits, and job security makes a joke of the very concept of working class solidarity. The Government hopes the move will help slash the differential between country and city fuel prices. The result has been a sharp widening in the differential between the wages of highly skilled and low-skilled labor in the United States and other advanced countries. The differential between the New Zealand and Australian corporate tax regimes needed to be addressed as a ‘matter of priority’. The differential between the reserve rate and the market rate on treasury bills could decline to make up for the declining demand for reserves derived from the demand for checking accounts. In most countries, the differential between urban and rural wages is quite pronounced, and this was - and is - certainly the case in Thailand. Would you explain the differential between those two sums? Certainly, the differential between the amount of American workers and Chinese workers will shrink. Well, unquestionably, I ran closest to the president of any of the other Republican candidates that won in terms of the differential between his vote and mine. However, the use of the exchange rate as a nominal anchor also led to its real appreciation - as it takes time for the differential between domestic and foreign inflation to fall. The primary turnover measurement is the differential between takeaways and giveaways. Synonyms difference, gap, gulf, divergence, disparity, discrepancy, imbalance, inequality, contrast, distinction 1.1British A difference in wages between industries or between categories of employees in the same industry. 〈英〉（不同行业间或同行业不同类别的雇员间的）工资差 regional differentials in pay 地区性的酬薪差别。 Example sentencesExamples Pay differentials in a capitalist society are stark, but the alternative - everybody getting the same - is Marxism, which never works anyway. And it isn't motivated by just wage differentials. Employees have voted to take action due to pay differentials between workers in London and Kent. First she says there ought to be a rational justification for pay differentials. The Central Bank, like many other government bodies, has suffered from a transfer of resources to private industry driven largely by salary differentials. The wage differentials curbed to reasonable limits. If the widening of the wage differential is allowed to proceed unchecked, it threatens to create within our own country a social problem of major proportions. German unions maintain rigid wage differentials for skills in order to protect their poorest workers. Small firms are also under pressure to maintain pay differentials between their junior and more experienced staff to create a career path. These include the recognition of regional wage differentials. Regional differentials should be introduced or re-introduced into award rates of pay. Factors of production do not move easily across national boundaries in response to wage price differentials. Authenticity means hammering on about growing inequality and doing something about gross pay differentials. If they are allowed to explain pay differentials, they only perpetuate that past discrimination. The court stated that a number of criteria used by employers to justify incremental pay differentials will have to be justified. And it is also true that wage differentials between the public and private sector pay have increased. We have only to note the way groups of workers use widening or narrowing differentials in the pay structure to argue for wage increases to see the truth of George's statement. The dispute concerns night-shift and day-shift pay differentials. The situation is worsened by distorted pay differentials. Negotiations over reducing pay differentials have broken down. Synonyms imbalance, inequity, unevenness, disproportion, inconsistency, variation, variability 1.2Mathematics An infinitesimal difference between successive values of a variable. 〔数〕微分 Example sentencesExamples He published a series of works on combinatorial mathematics, in particular probability, series and formulas for higher differentials. It investigates the use of some functional equations in order to calculate the differentials of logarithmic and trigonometrical functions as well as the binomial expansion and Taylor formula. He used differentials in his courses, which he supplemented with a special one on difference equations and numerical mathematics because engineers often work on discrete data. Here the Fréchet differential plays a decisive role. He had shown when certain elliptic differentials could be integrated in logarithms but his methods was of little practical use. 1.3 A set of gears allowing a motor vehicle's driven wheels to revolve at different speeds when going around corners. 差动齿轮，差速器行星齿轮 Example sentencesExamples A propeller shaft transferred the power from the gearbox to the differential. Power exits the transmission through a custom metal matrix composite aluminum driveshaft into a race-specification differential with a 4.56: 1 final drive ratio. One application of this is in the combined gearbox and differential. It's just a bunch of tiny things rather than big engines, differentials, heavy wheels, that comes out during the race, blocks made of wax in the springs that crush when the race starts. By applying brake pressure to a slipping wheel, torque is transferred across that axle's differential to the other wheel. The additional weight is attributed to the brake system, which will consist of an aluminum brake caliper, steel rotor and pad as specified by the IRL, as well as the limited slip differential in the gearbox. There is a viscous coupling in the front axle, a self-locking differential in the rear and the whole thing alters torque seamlessly from front to rear as required. This same product also secures the crown wheel to the differential to prevent fretting (wear caused by small metal particles generated on assembly). He then locked up the differential on his rear axles, tried it again, got a bit of traction, pulled forward, thought he could then back in, tried that, and got stuck again. The transfer cases feature an open center differential which absorbs the speed difference between axles and the front-axle drive. And the final drive differential linked to the output pulley with a pair of transfer gears is the third. When so engaged, the clutch pack completes the link between the spinning prop shaft and the rear differential, dispatching engine torque to the rear wheels. That could explain why so many u-joints, clutches, transmissions, differentials and brakes were used up. Meanwhile other educators having understood the merits of the round wheel, have moved on to the complexities of the axle and the differential. Unfortunately, this is only available on the 3.7 litre petrol version, which gets an extra differential in the driveline. There will be components like axles, differentials, for certain products that are very similar in architecture to ours. Instead, if the driver pushes the accelerator to the floor, the differential cuts the power until the front wheels can find traction, then it allows all the power through. The Race Logic traction control and limited slip differential allows all areas access to the machine's mighty torque. That would include the engine, the transmission, the differential and the axles. Torque transfer is a function of the internal gearing, which generates frictional resistance to differentiation through the axial and radial thrust forces of the gears in the differential. Origin Mid 17th century: from medieval Latin differentialis, from Latin differentia 'difference' (see differentia). Rhymes cadential, confidential, consequential, credential, deferential, essential, evidential, existential, experiential, exponential, influential, intelligential, irreverential, jurisprudential, penitential, pestilential, potential, preferential, presidential, providential, prudential, quintessential, referential, residential, reverential, sapiential, sciential, sentential, sequential, tangential, torrential Definition of differential in US English: differential adjectiveˌdifəˈren(t)SH(ə)lˌdɪfəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l technical 1attributive Of, showing, or depending on a difference; differing or varying according to circumstances or relevant factors. 有差别的；视差别而定的；随环境（或相关因素）而变化的 the differential achievements of boys and girls 男孩和女孩所取得的不同成就。 Example sentencesExamples The differential expression of mammalian genes depending on the sex of the parent from which they are inherited is known as genomic imprinting. These differential effects did not depend on the child's age or parents' level of education. At present, it is unclear why there is a differential requirement for such factors. Changes in an explanatory variable will have differential impacts, depending on the category. I also want to make it clear that the literature is not completely consistent in the failure to find patterns of results which support the differential impact of sentences that vary in severity. Differences in abiotic factors such as differential effects of glaciation and sea-level changes on land and in the sea may also greatly influence biogeographic patterns. Prevention and intervention strategies, in order to be inclusive, will need to be mindful of the differential contributions of these factors in the lives of girls. Thus, it appears that this relationship is accounted for by factors other than differential rates of incarceration or child welfare involvement. Moreover, the differential rates of risk factors predict a future increase in morbidity and mortality among underserved and disenfranchised groups. The first issue is that nongenetic factors can produce patterns of differential fitness, and create the illusion of local adaptation. The fact that nesting success was unrelated to features of the nest site excludes the influence of weather as major factor leading to differential success among macrohabitats. Tests for interaction or trend, however, did not suggest differential benefits according to smoking habit in either trial. After donation, all the blood is divided into its constituent parts by a 3,000-revolution per minute centrifuge according to differential density. This evidence, together with evidence of differential rates according to day and time of week, explain why local and regional policing and other crime prevention efforts need to focus on injury as well as offending. Because I'm venturing outside my own area of work, and because time is short, I won't review all of the social factors producing differential success of men and women. Consequently, sprinkled through the book are references to differential effects of television, depending on class. This seems realistic as we have no evidence to suggest that management of risk factors may have differential benefit according to ethnic origin. Another factor in this differential growth rate was out-migration from the South. Such centres are subject to their own forms of social and spatial ordering, such as differential occupation and use of space according to factors such as age and gender. This emphasizes isoform-specific functions in relation to tissue water permeation or growth as well as differential responses to varying extents of the same abiotic stressor. Synonyms distinctive, different, dissimilar, contrasting, divergent, disparate, contrastive 1.1 Constituting a specific difference; distinctive. 特别的；区别性的 the differential features between benign and malignant tumors 良性和恶性肿瘤的区别性特征。 Example sentencesExamples Not only offering the means to achieving differential gradations of colour and opacity, the process can also achieve true colour reproduction of photographs and complex graphics. By proteograph analysis, none of these met the criteria as differential features between the two cell types, yet many of these proteins will have key roles in fundamental breast biology. We then detail implemented measures that take into account common and differential features between words. Fluorescence emission can provide a possible method to separate tissue constituents based on differential spectral features. 1.2Mathematics Relating to infinitesimal differences or to the derivatives of functions. 〔数〕微分的 Example sentencesExamples At Zurich, in addition to his work on set theory he also worked on differential geometry, number theory, probability theory and the foundations of mathematics. This ‘index theorem’ had antecedents in algebraic geometry and led to important new links between differential geometry, topology and analysis. He contributed substantially to topology, differential geometry and complex analytic geometry. His second area of work was on differential geometry in particular the theory of quadratic differential quantics. He worked on quadratic differential forms and mechanics. 1.3 Relating to a difference in a physical quantity. 差动的；差速的；差示的；差分的 a differential amplifier 差分放大器。 Example sentencesExamples Shifts in the field of view directly affected displacement output, but density increment and strain, being differential quantities, were unaffected. A differential amplifier calculates a difference between the reference signal and the output signal from the sample and hold circuit. The differential amplifier further includes first and second load devices coupled to the first and second collector regions. An analytical differential refractive index detector was used. A differential amplifier was used for signal amplification. Each member of a pair of coils that sense the same component of the transmitted field is connected to a different input of a differential amplifier. Rather than measure temperature directly, a differential radiometer uses a pair of antennae to detect the difference in temperature between two separate parts of the sky. A differential amplifier with a band-pass up to 20 Hz was used to increase immunity to noise. The signals from the Na + selective and voltage barrels were measured and simultaneously subtracted by the high impedance differential amplifier. A differential amplifier was constructed and has many advantages for a variety of applications. Examples of Type II devices are an inclinometer and a longitudinal differential floor profilometer which both have 12-inch sensor wheel spacing. Rail-to-rail input common mode range differential amplifier that operates with very low rail-to-rail voltages nounˌdifəˈren(t)SH(ə)lˌdɪfəˈrɛn(t)ʃ(ə)l technical 1A difference between amounts of things. 差额 the differential between gasoline and diesel prices 汽油和柴油的价差。 Example sentencesExamples In most countries, the differential between urban and rural wages is quite pronounced, and this was - and is - certainly the case in Thailand. Accountants in large firms are more accustomed to a power differential between different levels of management than are accountants in small firms. A very high proportion of th e workforce is lowly paid, the differential between the very high income of a small minority and the remarkably low income of the majority of Irish workers being among the highest in the Western world. However, the use of the exchange rate as a nominal anchor also led to its real appreciation - as it takes time for the differential between domestic and foreign inflation to fall. The differential between male and female earnings increased over the period as well. The differential between interest earned and interest paid out by a bank is called the net interest margin. The primary turnover measurement is the differential between takeaways and giveaways. The differential between the New Zealand and Australian corporate tax regimes needed to be addressed as a ‘matter of priority’. A majority of American states either mandate or permit manual recounting when the differential between the machine vote totals for opposing candidates is within a certain margin. And profit is a function of the differential between real costs and possible prices. The Government hopes the move will help slash the differential between country and city fuel prices. The differential between public sector union employees and the rest of the working class in wages, benefits, and job security makes a joke of the very concept of working class solidarity. Certainly, the differential between the amount of American workers and Chinese workers will shrink. In a study carried out last year, it emerged that the differential between the cost of books for a first standard pupil can be between £19.48 and £28.97. They also noted seasonal variation in the differential between the two groups. The differential between the reserve rate and the market rate on treasury bills could decline to make up for the declining demand for reserves derived from the demand for checking accounts. Would you explain the differential between those two sums? The result has been a sharp widening in the differential between the wages of highly skilled and low-skilled labor in the United States and other advanced countries. The result included some desirable elements, such as the differential between urban and non-urban taxes and diesel fuel, but was fatally flawed by the commitment that the price of fuel would not increase. Well, unquestionably, I ran closest to the president of any of the other Republican candidates that won in terms of the differential between his vote and mine. Synonyms difference, gap, gulf, divergence, disparity, discrepancy, imbalance, inequality, contrast, distinction 1.1Mathematics An infinitesimal difference between successive values of a variable. 〔数〕微分 Example sentencesExamples Here the Fréchet differential plays a decisive role. He had shown when certain elliptic differentials could be integrated in logarithms but his methods was of little practical use. It investigates the use of some functional equations in order to calculate the differentials of logarithmic and trigonometrical functions as well as the binomial expansion and Taylor formula. He published a series of works on combinatorial mathematics, in particular probability, series and formulas for higher differentials. He used differentials in his courses, which he supplemented with a special one on difference equations and numerical mathematics because engineers often work on discrete data. 1.2 A set of gears allowing a motor vehicle's driven wheels to revolve at different speeds when going around corners. 差动齿轮，差速器行星齿轮 Example sentencesExamples Meanwhile other educators having understood the merits of the round wheel, have moved on to the complexities of the axle and the differential. The transfer cases feature an open center differential which absorbs the speed difference between axles and the front-axle drive. He then locked up the differential on his rear axles, tried it again, got a bit of traction, pulled forward, thought he could then back in, tried that, and got stuck again. That could explain why so many u-joints, clutches, transmissions, differentials and brakes were used up. There is a viscous coupling in the front axle, a self-locking differential in the rear and the whole thing alters torque seamlessly from front to rear as required. A propeller shaft transferred the power from the gearbox to the differential. Torque transfer is a function of the internal gearing, which generates frictional resistance to differentiation through the axial and radial thrust forces of the gears in the differential. Unfortunately, this is only available on the 3.7 litre petrol version, which gets an extra differential in the driveline. And the final drive differential linked to the output pulley with a pair of transfer gears is the third. That would include the engine, the transmission, the differential and the axles. The Race Logic traction control and limited slip differential allows all areas access to the machine's mighty torque. It's just a bunch of tiny things rather than big engines, differentials, heavy wheels, that comes out during the race, blocks made of wax in the springs that crush when the race starts. One application of this is in the combined gearbox and differential. Power exits the transmission through a custom metal matrix composite aluminum driveshaft into a race-specification differential with a 4.56: 1 final drive ratio. The additional weight is attributed to the brake system, which will consist of an aluminum brake caliper, steel rotor and pad as specified by the IRL, as well as the limited slip differential in the gearbox. This same product also secures the crown wheel to the differential to prevent fretting (wear caused by small metal particles generated on assembly). There will be components like axles, differentials, for certain products that are very similar in architecture to ours. When so engaged, the clutch pack completes the link between the spinning prop shaft and the rear differential, dispatching engine torque to the rear wheels. By applying brake pressure to a slipping wheel, torque is transferred across that axle's differential to the other wheel. Instead, if the driver pushes the accelerator to the floor, the differential cuts the power until the front wheels can find traction, then it allows all the power through. Origin Mid 17th century: from medieval Latin differentialis, from Latin differentia ‘difference’ (see differentia).
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