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词汇 back
释义

Definition of back in English:

back

noun bakbæk

  • 1The rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips.

    （人的）背；背部

    he lay on his back

    他仰面躺着。

    as modifier back pain
    Example sentencesExamples
    • They were leaning on each other's shoulders, with their backs to the tombstone.
    • One way to do this is to place your baby in an upright position against your shoulder and pat his back gently.
    • Vijay was an older gentleman, large for his size with broad shoulders and a strong back.
    • At times I was unable to walk and had severe pain in the lower back, neck and shoulders all the time.
    • Most of the local women harvest seaweed for which they bend at the waist for long hours with poor body posture, and the men also strain their backs working as fishermen or in construction.
    • Some protesters applied face and body paint while others attached angel wings to their backs.
    • As they worked, no one complained of the pain in their backs or hands, but no one talked either.
    • Women wear long cotton or woolen scarves that cover their heads, ears, backs, and shoulders.
    • All healthy babies under 1 year old should sleep on their backs.
    • He had huge shoulders and a broad back which tapered to an extraordinarily small waist.
    • If you get a bad back or do a shoulder in, they just want to give you the sack.
    • Through this great teacher I have learned how to keep my back free from pain.
    • Not only was his back pain a physical problem, it had stopped him working and meant his finances were low.
    • The design of each chair inside the library is perfect for the rest of the back and the spinal cord.
    • She did not think she had seen him touching or stroking the small of the back or shoulders.
    • I smiled, putting one hand on his shoulder and tapping the back of some tall guy in front of us.
    • After multiple grand adventures, the two finally settled down to eat their lunch with their backs resting against a fallen tree.
    • Of the thousands of yoga postures, I'd like to recommend three that are good for backs and spines.
    • Her long hair fell down her back and over her shoulders as she just stood almost as still as stone.
    • Melanomas can occur anywhere on the body but are most frequently found on the upper backs and legs.
    1. 1.1 The upper surface of an animal's body that corresponds to a person's back.
      the adults have white bodies with grey backs
      Example sentencesExamples
      • However the caps of Chestnut-backs are brown rather than black, and their backs, shoulders, and sides are a deep chestnut color.
      • The bees have wonderful habits, including a trick to keep warm: they have hairs on their backs and gather together so that the hairs form a kind of duvet over them.
      • Their backs are covered with spots larger and farther apart than those on the head.
      • Pangolins are conspicuous and remarkable because their backs are covered with large, overlapping scales made up of agglutinated hairs.
      • It contains venom in the spines on its back and so a person can be stung by inadvertently stepping on it.
      • High above, two sea eagles swoop and dive, the light flashing bronze tints off their backs.
      • I wonder who can tell me what you would call that ugly animal with a great big hump on its back that is condemned to live in a desert.
      • Males grow humped backs and hooked jaws, and females keep their sleeker shape.
      • By analogy with modern amphipods it is thought that these animals may have swum on their backs and fed on suspended particles.
      • They are similar to large mousetraps and are designed to break the back of an animal.
      • Fences were put up, but shelter and feed were lacking; during the harsh winters, snow would pile high on the animals' backs.
      • The beetles' backs are covered with bumps - under a microscope, they resemble a landscape of peaks and valleys.
      • They get their name from the large numbers of thorns or spines evident on the back and tail.
    2. 1.2 The spine of a person or animal.
      （人或动物的）脊骨，脊柱
      Example sentencesExamples
      • He was placed on a spine board after damaging his back, neck and head in the crash.
      • MacManaway diagnosed a trapped nerve in the middle of her back and manipulated her spine to ease the pain.
      • I thought at the very least I must have broken my back, the pain was that bad.
      • While the accident left her with a broken back and severed spine, it did not stifle her sense of adventure.
      • He had cracked three vertebrae in his back but has been told he will make a full recovery.
      • Tests showed that he had broken a vertebrae in his back and cracked a rib and will be out for several weeks at least.
      Synonyms
      spine, backbone, spinal column, vertebral column
      technical dorsum, rachis
    3. 1.3 The main structure of a ship's hull or an aircraft's fuselage.
      船体；（飞机）机身
      Demetrius broke its back on the rocks in a force 11 gale
      Example sentencesExamples
      • In the process it swung in the tide and broke its back as it settled across its own previous scour in the seabed.
      • Small vessels had been sunk outright, huge slabs of stone breaking their backs, while larger ships had been cratered and shattered by the rocks.
    4. 1.4 The part of a chair against which the sitter's back rests.
      椅背
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Place a dining chair with its back against the wall to give you a firm base.
      • Learn to tie fanciful bows or just tie a simple bow to the backs of dining chairs, around stemware or around your silverware.
      • When the sun becomes strong in summer, people can simply swivel so that they are shaded from it by the chair backs.
      • She rested her upper arms along the backs of the chair, resting her head against one hand.
      • He has poured himself a glass of champagne and put his arm around her, resting his hand on the back of her wooden chair.
      • Still nobody had offered to take our coats, so we draped them over the back of the chairs.
      • His ancestors were cobblers but diversified into making vividly embroidered leather bags, wallets and chair backs.
      • You may put your arms out in front of you or hold the back of a sturdy chair for balance.
      • Still, even for the rich, chair backs were straight and clothes were tight because politeness mattered more than comfort.
      • Their legs were tucked up in front of them, and their arms rested over the back of the chair.
      • The large, single room is cleverly broken up into small sections by folding screens and even the chairs have carved backs featuring Chinese scenes.
      • The walls were plastered in expensive paintings and the couches were long and fancy with wooden arm rests and intricately carved backs.
      • Ample walnut chairs had high backs and were painted, finished a mecca, or left in the natural walnut color.
      • Cuyler's furniture ranges from chairs with flowers for backs to stools with the child's name painted on them.
      • Friends and family bound into the house, tracking in mud or snow, stashing coats in already overstuffed closets or heaping them over the backs of chairs.
      • Actors love sitting on tables for the same reason they love gripping the backs of chairs - it makes them look more relaxed on stage.
      • The restaurant has heavy starched white linen tablecloths and huge antique Siamese chairs with mother-of-pearl inlaid backs.
      • He looked around the small room and found his jacket and shirt draped over the back of a chair.
      • The jacket is on the back of the chair and the security pass lies on the desk next to piles of paperwork.
      • Handbags, mobile phones on tables, coats on backs of chairs are all easy pickings for light-fingered thieves.
    5. 1.5 The part of a garment that covers a person's back.
      （衣服的）背面
      a top with a scooped neckline and a low back
      Example sentencesExamples
      • He had a ring in left eyebrow, and wore jeans and a grey anorak with writing on the back.
      • Sleek low backs look good, but they can make you feel exposed and uncomfortable.
      • Take the dresses as examples: From the front they were basic, flowing dresses, but the backs were cut low in an elegant way.
      • Bowlers involved will wear sponsor logos on their shirt backs and right sleeves.
      • His eyes widen in fear and surprise, and then he strides round the empty house with it tucked into the back of his jeans.
      • The offensive slogan is written is written in letters six inches high on the back of the garment.
      • In the second, he wore a fluorescent yellow jacket with security written across the back.
      • With low backs and plunging necklines, this fashion has become more and more popular among teenagers and adults alike and local swimwear stores say sales are booming.
      • For evening, the collection is a procession of gathers, plunging necklines and backs, irregular lines.
    6. 1.6 A person's back regarded as carrying a load or bearing an imposition.
      （人的）背；身体（就负重或承担不便而言）
      the Press are on my back

      出版社的担子落在了我身上。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • They have told their neighbours to get off their backs.
      • I mean, I guess she's still meddling, but at least she's off our backs.
      • They'd be happy to get him off their backs.
      • They just wanted people to get off their backs and so they did something fast.
      • Vote to get government off our backs.
      • The one thing Reagan was right about is that there are areas where we should get the Federal government off our backs.
      • It was council's decision at the time that put this burden on my back and the backs of my neighbors.
      • Get off their backs, and get the rest of the gurus and government know-alls off their backs at the same time.
      • We went to a nearby restaurant and ate our fill and we were making the most noise cheering and laughing away for our massive success and the great load off our backs.
      • Of course the others had figured out that there was something between us again pretty quickly but we'd managed to keep the media off our backs.
      • They wanted the state off their backs and the enlargement of civil society in the sense of those institutions and practices that were not the responsibility of the state.
      • We are committed to getting Nanny State off our backs, out of our pockets and out of our lives!
      • We had worked hard for two years to get them off our backs.
      • And I think they're starting to work together as a coalition now, to get these guys off their backs.
      • Tonight, is it enough to get the paparazzi off their backs?
      • Who wouldn't like the chance to get the boss off their backs?
      • The bank are on their back, and it would be prudent not to deny the possibility of a quick sale at the right price.
      • And it can be difficult to let it roll off our backs when someone is nasty or ignorant.
      • In general terms, Reagan pledged to return, or advance, to a free market and to ‘get government off our backs.’
      • Perhaps, we should endure this meeting once to get your mother off our backs about it.

  • 2The side or part of something that is away from the spectator or from the direction in which it moves or faces; the rear.

    背面，反面；后面

    at the back of the hotel is a secluded garden

    酒店的后面是一个静僻的花园。

    a rubber dinghy with an engine at the back
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Sulkily, the publicist moves to the back of the bar but Sinclair is still scowling.
    • He moved out and bought a rundown place in the town centre round the back of the station.
    • With the radiator out of the way now it was time to move on to the back of the truck and the motherboard mounting.
    • Then he stands up and moves to the back of the room, by the door they come in and out of.
    • If it needs changing after qualifying starts, the driver will be moved to the back of the grid.
    • I move to the back of the room, sitting against the wall and staring at the cute cow.
    • Residents are kept up till late at night and people like my neighbour have to move to the back of their houses to get sleep.
    • He's certainly made a big move from the back of the pack, and is looking more like a winner.
    • The night was such a success that spectators paid to stand at the back of the hall after all the seats were filled.
    • The main bedroom is at the back of the house and has two sash windows and an 18th century pine fireplace.
    • The supermodel and her companion then stood up and moved to the back of the bar.
    • There are residential facilities, but most pitch a tent on land at the back of the centre.
    • The bus is practically empty, so they move to the back as the bus lurches forwards.
    • He quickly moved to the back of the tour bus where we were sitting and spoke softly.
    • Charlton and Pegg said they weren't taking any chances and moved to the back of the plane.
    • A more streamlined car would have six small wheels, two at the front and four powered at the back.
    • Young children have also been putting their lives at risk by hanging on the back of fire engines while they are on the move.
    • She swiftly moved to the back of the car, making sure that there was no one behind to see them.
    • There could even be room for a modest theme park at the back of the site, so family fun would be assured.
    • When this failed they moved around to the back and tried to unsuccessfully open the kitchen window.
    Synonyms
    rear, rear side, other side
    Nautical stern
    end, tail end, rear end, tail, far end
    North American tag end
    1. 2.1 The position directly behind someone or something.
      背后；正后方
      she unbuttoned her dress from the back

      她从背后解开连衣裙纽扣。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Liverpool had that same feeling last season, and it helps to have a bit of luck and the wind at your back.
      • Walking into the wind is much more difficult and painful than walking with the wind at your back.
      • The moon was at their back, and the enemy used mortar-fire, Very lights and fire-bombs, setting the corn alight.
      • Hearts were now surging forward with a strong wind at their back and they swept further into the lead six minutes later.
      • At least for the last four or five miles today the wind was at our back.
      • We did the interview, and then I saw his eyes widen, and I felt a presence at my back.
      • You just can't go out and not perform in the first half in an All-Ireland semi-final and that's what we did with the wind at our back.
      • We would have paddled farther yesterday with the wind at our back but we were all wet and tired and ready for some rest.
      • Try to fish with the breeze at your back so that your bait gradually drifts away from you and towards the fish.
      • They had the solace of having the driving wind at their back for the second period and went about reducing the deficit with considerable urgency.
      • Three wins at their back, they'll fear no one next time out.
    2. 2.2 The side or part of an object that is not normally seen or used.
      the back of a postcard

      写在明信片的背面。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Some of the messages written on the back of the tulip postcards are so sweet and encouraging.
      • First, all three of these are great exercises for firming up the backs of your upper arms.
      • Inside was a thick stack of 8x10s. Lipton looked through the stack slowly, reading the notes he had written on the backs of each photo.
      • When police examined his car, left on the motorway, they found a note written on the back of a bus timetable.
      • Scrub all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers and under your fingernails.
      • I felt a sharp pain in the back of my leg which got much worse when I fell down.
      • Information about threatened animals turns up on toy packaging or the backs of cereal boxes, even in children's songs.
      • Each star was dedicated to someone and messages of remembrance were written on the back.
      • It sent a sympathetic, shivery rush from my spine to the backs of my knees.
      • I wanted to surprise my friend Chris with a postcard and I knew what I wanted to write on the back.
      • Name and age should be written on the back, with a contact address and home telephone number.
      • I have a series of photos of the family that I like very much because someone wrote on the backs of them describing the subject and where the photo was taken.
      • How about reaching back over your shoulder and touching the back of your neck?
      • He thinks his day rucksack saved his life, protecting his spine and the back of his neck during the fall.
      Synonyms
      reverse, reverse side, other side, underside
      verso
      informal flip side

  • 3A player in a team game who plays in a defensive position behind the forwards.

    （团队运动中的）卫

    their backs showed some impressive running and passing
    Example sentencesExamples
    • He also included some first team backs who held the key to the result since the forwards were reasonably well matched.
    • In the first two games, the defensive backs seemed indecisive, perhaps the result of playing off receivers.
    • It they stay put, the Saints will eye a wide receiver or defensive end because the draft is thin for defensive backs, the team's primary need.
    • There was some good inter-passing between backs and forwards.
    • He invited Lewis to join the team's defensive backs for happy hour every Friday at a local restaurant.
    • Now it's paying off… The team's defensive backs struggled against Philadelphia.
    • Too many times, the defensive backs simply hit players and seem to be hoping they will fail.
    • He started well and looked on for an early score as both backs and forwards took the game to Tigers.
    • For the past two games, the defensive backs have smothered opposing receivers, which in turn has helped the suddenly resurgent pass rush.
    • His 17.9-yard average per catch gets the undivided attention of defensive backs around the league.
    • The team's defensive backs no longer are being picked on.
    • After the restart, gaps were beginning to open on both sides with only a wet ball and lack of game time preventing the backs from both teams putting on a show.
    • Communication between corners and safeties needs to improve, and the team is using defensive backs that don't complement each other.
    • He can get behind defensive backs, but he is very good at catching a quick hitch, breaking tackles and making a big play.
    • But don't be surprised if the team passes on defensive backs in the first round and takes a wide receiver.
    • He still can shadow the game's best receivers and is an excellent role model for the team's young defensive backs.
    • But he's also been one of the most inconsistent defensive backs in the league.
    • Great ball handling skills from backs and forwards alike resulted in a full back scoring a try in the corner, a move which saw Town go the full length of the field in three tackles.
    • The Browns have played much more cover - 2 than in years past, and the team's defensive backs have responded very well.
    • Now he's not even on the field when the team uses seven defensive backs.
    Synonyms
    full back, sweeper

  • 4The grounds of Cambridge colleges which back on to the River Cam.

    （背向剑河的）剑桥大学后园

adverb bakbæk

  • 1In the opposite direction from the one that one is facing or travelling towards.

    向后地

    he moved back a pace

    她向后退了一步。

    she walked away without looking back

    她头也不回地走掉了。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Fifty minutes of the interview have elapsed and Eddie Jordan has pushed back his chair and jumped to his feet.
    • With that said Duncan pushed back his chair with a loud scrape and left the room with long strides.
    • The foreshortened platform encouraged the actors to move back toward the scenic area of the stage.
    • He told the room in general, and pushed his chair back, clearing his place at the table.
    • He closed more of the distance, pushed me so that there was no room to move back.
    • Is it not better to take one step in the right direction than two back into destruction.
    • Nichole was jerked back towards Tristan as he grabbed the wrist on her other arm.
    Synonyms
    backwards, behind one, to one's rear, rearwards
    away, off
    1. 1.1 Expressing movement of the body into a reclining position.
      向后仰（或靠）地
      he leaned back in his chair

      他身体向后仰坐在椅子里。

      sit back and relax

      靠着椅背坐，放松。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • With a bit of a sigh she sat down at the base of a tree and leaned back against the trunk.
      • He leans back, the point made, obviously feeling the figures speak for themselves.
      • There was nothing to do but sit very still on the perfect settee without leaning back so as not to dent it.
      • After he had got the car on the highway, he relaxed, closing his eyes and leaning back.
      • It was there that I found him, leaning back in his chair, one foot propped on Connie's lap.
      • Some camped it up, some got sleazy, others sat very far back in their cushions paralysed with fear.
      • I lean back in my chair like a director and order the most fattening food I've had in weeks.
      • Steve sat down again and leaned back in his chair, tucking his hands behind his balding head.
      • I smiled at Josh as he leaned back into his chair, hands crossed behind his head.
      • Have him lean back in a comfortable chair or suggest he lie down in the bedroom.
      • She leaned back in her chair and propped her feet into the basket under the chair in front of her.
      • With my neck craned back, I can count the screws in the shelves on the far side of the room.
      • I lean back in my chair, feet up on the edge of the table and give the paper a flick.
      • I don the headset, close my notebook, turn off the overhead light and lean back to enjoy the movie.
      • The job was done in reasonably quick order and I leaned back to relax, panic over.
      • He sits down at the head of the long board table, leans back and lights a large Cohiba cigar.
      • Pouring himself a glass of juice, he reclined back in the dining chair and sipped at his drink.
      • It permitted him to relax, lean back in the big comfortable seat and watch the scenery go by.
      • As the link screen went blank, Van Tonder leaned back in his chair and sighed deeply.
      • Kan leaned back against his office chair and crossed both feet at the corner of his desk.
      • Rankin leans back in his seat in the club canteen after training and extols the team spirit at his new home.
    2. 1.2 At a distance away.
      在远处
      keep back from the roadside

      远离路边。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • I can see four or five rigids a few miles back thermalling up at my level and a couple higher.
      • It may be best to make the type very large and to sit far back from the screen.
      • At rush hour times, queues stretched back in the Braintree direction to the bypass roundabout.
      • Cars were slowly working through the single lane open, and traffic queued back in each direction.
      • Within half an hour traffic tailed back 10 miles as far back as the West Yorkshire border.
      • Shortly before dawn, the police began pushing back the crowd from the centre of the square.
      • He had left the village some miles back and was deep in the English countryside now.
      • The queues stretched back in both directions for hundreds of years the whole time I was there.
      • Sam patted his back in fake sympathy before pushing back her chair to leave the table.
      Synonyms
      away, at a distance
    3. 1.3back ofNorth American informal Behind.
      he knew that other people were back of him

      他知道其他人在他后面。

    4. 1.4North American informal Losing by a specified margin.
      〈北美〉（落）后
      the team was five points back

      这支队落后五分。

  • 2So as to return to an earlier or normal position or condition.

    回到先前的位置（或状况）；恢复正常

    she put the book back on the shelf

    她把书放回书架上。

    he drove to Glasgow and back in a day
    things were back to normal

    一切恢复了正常。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • They have faced five months of not knowing whether they would get their jobs back.
    • Three months have passed and everything seems to have gone back to normal.
    • He did not enjoy retirement at all so he loved being back in his normal daily routine.
    • It was the middle of February before he got back into normal training, he says.
    • He also contacted the police once he got back to mainland Australia but was told they could not help.
    • Miraculously all he seems to require is a quick hug and a kiss where he bumped his head and he goes straight back to sleep.
    • The secretary won her job back and the city has since been trying to do the same for its reputation.
    • Once back in the office they find themselves trapped in a cycle of long hours and sleepless nights.
    • Once the floodwaters had peaked, it was still days before water levels were back to normal.
    • According to one press report, a union lawyer told him that there was no way for him to get his job back.
    • It is difficult to know, when, if ever, she can get her life back to normal.
    • Three years later her weight is back to normal and she has started to rebuild her life.
    • Marcia is not interested in getting her job back, but wishes to warn others.
    • Getting back to normal is the best thing I can hope for, but it'll be a different normal than it was before.
    • Once back in Paris, the unrecognized Napoleon sets about mounting his comeback.
    • Her reading, writing and concentration are improving and her diet is virtually back to normal.
    • I just know that if the girls hadn't been coming over I would have rolled over and gone back to sleep.
    • We note on the other hand that the applicant made it clear what he really wanted was his job back.
    • I am afraid, but I am also relieved that we will be able to get our lives back to normal again.
    • Once back in the UK, it is usually possible to get things sorted out to our satisfaction.
    1. 2.1 At a place previously left or mentioned.
      在原处
      the folks back home are counting on him

      家乡的人们现在都指望他了。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Meanwhile back in reality Kate, Locke and Michael have decided to brave the forest to hunt for food.
      • Meanwhile, back in Kansas Ananova has pictures of the world's most expensive shoes.
      • Meanwhile back in the real world Clive has published his new pamphlet.
      • We even went crawling back to our previous hovel but our beds had already been filled.
      • Certainly, once our emotions landed back to earth, we felt we should have won the game by more.
      • Meanwhile back at the London press conference, reactions were a little more muted.
      • Meanwhile, back in the ring, Ferguson has come round and slowly stumbles to his feet.
      • The good folks back home would never know the difference.
      • So they never actually see just how stupefyingly dull this sport can be for the folks back home.
      • What is certain is that it will be very hard for the three men to slip back into their previous lives.
      • Meanwhile, back at the camp Sara sat in her tent and ran her fingers through her hair.
      • Meanwhile, back at Castle Leslie, the lack of heat affected every aspect of how we lived.
      • Wouldn't it be a good thing for the folks back home to be told this?
    2. 2.2 Fashionable again.
      再度流行
      sideburns are back

      短连鬓胡子再度流行起来。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Then we were in a band called Flared Generation, where we tried to bring flares back into fashion.
      • First time round it was terribly trendy, but it's horrific that it's actually back in fashion.
      • We are trying to make the point that fur is never going to be back in fashion.
      • Flat caps are back in fashion, you know!
      • Now we live in a more crowded, environmentally aware age and trains are back in fashion.
      • Nowhere else in Scotland has exploded back into fashion like the Park area of Glasgow.
      • Today tying the knot is back in fashion, although the ceremony is as likely to take place in a stately home as a church.
      • Small companies, where many a retail punter likes to invest, are also back in fashion.

  • 3In or into the past.

    在过去；回到过去

    he made his fortune back in 1955

    早在1955年他就发了财。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Many times, historical fiction does the best job of leading the mind's eye back to past monarchs.
    • I think I may have heard him speak once, back then, but I don't remember it too clearly.
    • Go back a few years and past examples of new indices and trackers don't inspire much confidence either.
    • A few weeks back I mentioned this to Tom Smith and asked whether Williams had changed his ways.
    • It is pretty poor not to get a response to an MP's letter that was written back in December.
    • That was just a fortune to me back in the 1960s, so for a week or so I was a high roller.
    • Now, does anyone have any objection to my doing what I mentioned a few posts back?
    • I went there once a couple years back, and had pretty much the same encounter.
    • The dead of the recent Boer War and all the wars back to Waterloo and beyond became figures of the past.
    • Then last Friday they delivered a bunch of letters and packages some dating back to the past two years.
    • They want to get off the sales cycle and return to the glorious past that existed back at the dawn of the computing age.
    • In the centre is a minuscule island housing a former monastery which dates back to the ninth century.
    • When Grant first conceived the film project a decade back he wrote to her.

  • 4In return.

    作为答复（或回报）

    they wrote back to me

    他们给我回了信。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • I invited him to visit us but he wrote back very nicely to say he couldn't come just at the moment.
    • We wrote back and gave them our correct address, and invited them to drop by whenever was convenient.
    • She smiles, I smile back, pick up the red wine I've bought her, and we make our way to a table.
    • I want to shout back but I just smile from under my umbrella and carry on up the street.
    • Michele wrote back and said that she would be delighted to attend the prize-giving.
    • She smiled back at him, as he brought her hands to his lips and kissed her knuckles gently.
    • He wrote back and said he hopes that they hear from me as the inquiry progresses.
    • So I emailed him the whole idea and he wrote back saying he wanted to read the script.
    • He sent the publisher a letter asking for a real contract and the publisher never wrote back.
    • He replied simply as he smiled at me which caused me to give a slight smile back at him.
    • I waved at her just as she looked up from her task and she smiled and waved back.
    • You find it very hard to follow my letter, yet you somehow found the time to write me back.
    • I stood up and smiled back, gave Jim a nod and calmly began to make my way over to the exit.
    • I smiled back at him, a little confused, but followed the direction of his gaze.
    • He wrote back agreeing it was a serious matter and would keep me informed as plans developed.
    • Since I had, as usual, gone to almost obsessive lengths to get my facts right, I wrote back.
    • It made the heart strings go just watching her and seeing her smile back at me.
    • I wrote back and asked if he was still married, or if he'd grown out of that phase, but got no reply.
    • Mowbray sometimes barks at Burley on the training ground, but the manager smiles back.
    • He must've thought I was grinning at him, so he smiled back and even gave me a little wave.
verb bakbæk

  • 1with object Give financial, material, or moral support to.

    （经济、物质或道德上）支持

    he had a newspaper empire backing him

    他有一个报纸王国在支持他。

    his mother backed him up on everything
    Example sentencesExamples
    • I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the supporters who over the years have backed the team and personally showed me much kindness and loyalty.
    • But most union locals active in the race backed Ryan.
    • By giving them two years to improve - backed by financial and practical help - more than 750 failing schools were turned around.
    • And the Executive has still not committed to backing the project financially.
    • At least 37 newspapers backed the president.
    • They will not nominate her but may consider backing her if she manages to enter the race.
    • And now that the City of Toronto is officially and financially backing a study of green roofs, Toronto may finally be able to get a leg up in the market.
    • Each account was backed by the financial integrity of the U. S. Government.
    • The truth is that we have cash in the bank, that first 8.0 sales are looking fantastic, and we are backed by our investors.
    • Having been backed with government finance since its genesis two years ago funding has been secured for the next two years.
    • Such appeals, backed by suitable financial compensation, can be very effective.
    • He is now a professional triathlete with 11 major sponsors backing him.
    • Besides financial backing, he believes that amateur boxers need the service of a psychologist to keep them level-headed.
    • This has led to a price war and regional airlines, which are backed by strong financing, are able to offer cheaper tickets than domestic airlines.
    • Against the odds he set up the choir, financially backed by Manchester city council.
    • He was a protégé and friend until he backed a rival in the 1995 presidential race.
    • The US, Britain and other Western powers backed the group financially and militarily.
    • In total 19 financial firms in the UK have backed the fund and pledged to match their employees' donations, pound for pound.
    • In all presidential elections but one since 1900, Missouri has backed the winning candidate.
    • Added to this, the movie was shot largely on location in Ireland, with American money backing an Australian actor.
    Synonyms
    sponsor, finance, put up the money for, fund, subsidize, underwrite, promote, lend one's name to, be a patron of, act as guarantor of, support
    informal foot the bill for, pick up the tab for
    North American informal bankroll, stake
    support, endorse, sanction, approve of, give one's blessing to, smile on, favour, advocate, promote, uphold, champion
    vote for, ally oneself with, stand behind, side with, be on the side of, defend, take up the cudgels for
    second
    informal throw one's weight behind
    support, stand by, give one's support to, side with, be on someone's side, take someone's side, take someone's part
    vouch for
    help, assist, aid
    1. 1.1 Supplement in order to strengthen.
      增援（以加强）
      firefighters, backed up by helicopters and planes, fought to bring the flames under control
      Example sentencesExamples
      • But I believe the resolutions must be backed with the credible threat of military action.
      • The instruction was backed by veiled threats that their careers would be at risk if they did not comply.
      • Every law, edict, ruling, decree, or regulation that a government issues is backed by the threat of physical force - even to the point of killing whoever does not obey it.
      • However, these statements were general in nature and were not backed by material evidence to support them.
      • Legal norms are generally backed by threats, which can ultimately be carried out by the state in its police role.
      • There is a lot of consensus in Zambia about the need to woo investment and induce growth in the economy, but this must be backed with concrete support measures.
      • This supplement is built on science and backed by results.
      • More than 30,000 troops have been massed in the region backed by 23 naval vessels, warplanes, tanks, armoured vehicles and artillery.
      • Public education campaigning and enforcement, backed by industry support, has made drink driving unacceptable.
      • And backed by this powerful strength we can accomplish achievements beyond our expectations.
      • That is, there is no such thing as a law, administrative ruling, edict, decree, or government order of any kind that is not backed by the threat to use physical force to compel obedience to it.
      • Political stability is maintained through the maintenance of social stability, backed by the threat or use of force should it break down.
      • All of the information had been vetted, supported, and backed by at least three sources.
      • Therefore he adopted a strategy of diplomacy backed with the threat of military force if required.
      • Papua New Guinea troops, backed by Australian logistical support, put down the insurrection.
      • He also said the ‘old doctrine of deterrence’ was no longer enough and United Nations resolutions must now be backed by the threat of military force.
      • He has simply got on with the job and his district have built a firm and vocal support base backed by intelligent marketing.
      • When dealing with a brutal regime, diplomacy must be backed by credible force.
      • It was supported globally and was backed by RoadPeace, the national charity for road traffic victims.
      • India's military strength, backed by a nuclear deterrent, is growing.
      • Penetrating social analysis, backed by concrete examples, is the pamphlet's strength.
    2. 1.2 Be in favour of.
      赞成，赞同
      over 97 per cent backed the changes
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The ban on smoking in pubs, backed by 70 percent of the population, is indicative of this.
      • The GMB union said today 53 per cent backed industrial action.
      • The next favourite option for improving the town centre was building a new library, which 22 per cent of people backed.
      • Eighty-five per cent of voters backed plans to split the co-operative into two new entities - a processor co-op and a supply co-op.
      • More than sixty percent of California voters backed Proposition 36.
      • As for the issue in general, an ABC / Washington Post poll found that only 17 percent of respondents backed the proposal.
      • Voters in California backed a $6bn measure aimed at financing stem cell research, an initiative flying in the face of White House opposition to the science.
      • Editorials in local newspapers backed the charter.
      • The estate could now see a new pub or licensed social club after almost 90 percent of residents backed the idea.
      • The newspaper series is backing a campaign to ban the sale of monster fireworks to the public.
      • The union announced that its 270,000 members had backed strikes by 67 per cent which could mean stoppages at courts across the district.
      • On Monday the finance and general purposes committee backed a suggestion from the former mayor that a list of all of the council's valuable possessions should be drawn up.
      • But 99 per cent of those who backed the idea said they would like to see the regional assembly located in York.
      • The questionnaire showed 48 per cent of those surveyed backed the plan to test both types of vehicles over three years of age every six months.
      • A recent poll found that 62 percent of Spaniards backed the legislation.
      • But in a newspaper poll earlier this week, only 28 per cent of voters questioned backed the Tories.
      • During consultation, more than 80 per cent of respondents backed the scheme.
      • Nevertheless, 70 percent of teachers backed the strike.
      • In a CNN viewers poll 80 percent said they backed his decision to place the state on alert.
      • The council put out a questionnaire to 2,600 residents and road users about the roundabout and 90 per cent backed it.
    3. 1.3 (in popular music) provide musical accompaniment to (a singer or musician)
      （尤指流行音乐中）为（歌手，音乐家）伴奏
      on his new album he is backed by an American group

      他的这张专辑由一支美国乐队担任伴奏。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Mariah Carey and Neil Young were backed by gospel singers and Alicia Keys was joined by several gospel stars.
      • Yep, aggressive lyrics and guitar riffs, all backed by the trademark thumping drums, with only moments of calm to provide a respite from the headbanging.
      • This track's got it all: rhythmic, sharp guitar riffs backed by pounding kick drum and throbbing bass - and the cowbell!
      • Central Band's rhythm section also backed singer/songwriter Drew McAlister and the horn section joined in with The Choirboys.
      • Wouldn't it have been good to see Starr backing Sir Paul McCartney at Hyde Park?
      • The focus of Low Kick And Hard Bop is the harmonizing of vocals backed by an electronic-tinged music.
      • The music business is bolstered by thousands of musicians backing more popular performers.
      • The recorded narration begins, a booming voice backed with dramatic music; all in French.
      • They backed a singer called Johnny Gentle in 1960 at Alloa town hall, the Shea stadium of the northeast.
      • The bizarre inventions featured in the series have been assembled into a seven-minute featurette and backed with narration and music.
      • The other side of Cuban music was the romantic ballads of people like Beny Moré - florid, sentimental stories backed by the sensual music of Oriente.
      • The album also features a sentimental speech by Ozzy Osbourne, and a spoken-word by the late Strait, about addiction, backed with very melancholic music.
      Synonyms
      play a musical accompaniment for, play with, play for, support
    4. 1.4 Bet money on (a person or animal) winning a race or contest.
      赌（参加比赛的人或动物）赢
      he backed the horse at 33–1

      他以33赔1赌那匹马赢。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Then again, no horse as won the Melbourne Cup two years in a row, and I backed the winning horse this year.
      • You can always back a horse trained by Johnston in the knowledge that it is there to try and win
      • It takes the pressure off and you can be more selective about which races you back horses in.
      • Punters believing the flashy chestnut son of Lord Ballina to be as unbeatable as Sunline backed him in to just short of odds-on favorite.
      • If you back the wrong horse at the start of the race, as any bookmaker will tell you, your chances of gaining a favourable return are slim.
      • I saw Kris Kin win at Chester and backed him after that for the Derby at 20-1.
      • It gives viewers good idea of the factors that go into backing successful racehorses
      • On that occasion, the 25-year-old Morley was backing the Bulls.
      • I backed him last year when he won, so I stayed with him this year.
      • For most of us, picking an investment fund is like backing a horse.
      • I didn't back him in the Irish Derby, but at those odds on Saturday, he was an unbelievable bet.
      • Before the National, our co-worker e-mailed his friend to say he was backing a horse to win the Grand National as a tribute to his girl.
      • You may have been a great gambler but you've backed the wrong horse this time.
      • Those who had backed him, and there were plenty, were never in any real doubt.
      • There are so many ways of losing a race, and if someone has backed a horse to lose, in order to ‘throw’ that race you only have to ‘fix’ one horse.
      • I don't have a huge understanding of the markets and would consider it akin to backing a horse.
      • For the overwhelming majority it is harmless fun on a par with backing a horse in the Grand National.
      • Backing the wrong horse is no disgrace, providing you had good reason to put your money on it.
      • But no one much is backing him to land the title - at 33/1 that seems batty to me.
      • Some owners won't put girls up on horses, and some people wouldn't back a horse with a girl riding.
      • We all backed her and obviously had a very quiet night after she romped home at 14-1!
      Synonyms
      bet on, place a bet on, gamble on, stake money on

  • 2with object Cover the back of (an article) in order to support, protect, or decorate it.

    给…装背衬

    a mirror backed with tortoiseshell

    以玳瑁作背衬的镜子。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The large mirror was backed with silver.
    • Candlestick stems are topped with silk shades, wall lights are backed with Venetian mirrors and slender brass stems are capped by plated shades.
    • It was a tiny piece of glass backed with a layer of silver that was peeling in spots.
    • This is a thin film that's been coated onto a flexible plastic material backed by a strong glue.
    Synonyms
    cover, put a lining in, put a backing on, interline, face, panel, inlay, reinforce, encase

  • 3no object, with adverbial of direction Walk or drive backwards.

    倒车；后退

    she tried to back away

    她想要朝后退。

    figurative the government backed away from the plan

    〈喻〉政府退出了那个计划。

    with object he backed the Mercedes into the yard

    他把那辆梅塞德斯车倒进院子里。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Manufacturers have backed away from making flu vaccines simply because it isn't profitable.
    • He moved around her and backed toward the left side of the room.
    • He has rarely backed away from a challenge.
    • She backed away from him, walking a short distance away.
    • Kiara slowly backed away from the door and walked towards her desk.
    • The mayor said it was disappointing that the Government had backed away from the deal.
    • We backed away from the building as it collapsed, and I looked around at the others.
    • A block away, he passed two men sitting in a car backed into a dirt side road.
    • Forlock stretched out and backed against the the side of the wall.
    • He started walking towards her and she backed away from him and left the room without realizing it.
    • Recently, however, the Government has backed away from its claims that the purpose of mandatory sentencing was to reduce crime.
    • Tori glared daggers at him, and she looked so mad that his hands fell to his sides and he backed away in fear.
    • Raiana slowly let go of Damon's arm, and backed to the side as King Dominic approached them.
    • The government has backed away from its plans to decriminalise consensual sexual behaviour between teenagers.
    • Marle backed up and Gohan grabbed her arms as she backed into him.
    • The Government has backed away from imposing a total ban on 4x4 vehicles from the 6,000 year old Ridgeway trail.
    • The government has backed away from announcing changes to its controversial policy in a move that has angered both farming and green groups.
    • Today he backed away from that statement, saying he was misinformed by exit polls.
    • He was grinning and he immediately invaded her personal space, backing her against the locker beside hers.
    • I backed away from the door, more frightened than comforted.
    Synonyms
    reverse, move/drive backwards
    backtrack, retrace one's steps
    1. 3.1no object (of the wind) change direction anticlockwise around the points of the compass.
      （风）逆时针转向
      the wind had backed to the north-west

      风向逆时针转为西北。VEER 1的反义词。

      The opposite of veer
      Example sentencesExamples
      • But when the wind is backed slightly towards the northwest the winds come over a longer stretch of the North Sea bringing more cloud.
      • With winds backing to the south and the southwest the fall-out from nuclear explosions would be driven into Afghanistan and China.
      Synonyms
      veer, alter, change, vary, fluctuate, turn, swing, change direction
    2. 3.2Sailing with object Put (a sail) aback in order to slow the vessel down or assist in turning through the wind.
      〔航海〕收（帆）
      Example sentencesExamples
      • With smooth proficiency, the trimmers backed the jib, and the mainsail was eased, swinging the bow around.
      • Hornblower watched as both ships backed the mainsails, turned the helm hard over, and took up the prescribed position.
      • The captain backs the vessel's huge dive platform up to the sites.

  • 4back on" /"on tono object (of a building or other structure) have its back facing or adjacent to.

    （建筑物等）背对着；背连着

    his garage wall backs on to the neighbouring property

    他车库的墙背连着邻居家。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Demolition is planned for a disused printworks called the McCormick Building, which backs on to the Mas nightclub in Royal Exchange Square, in the centre of the city's shopping district.
    • The site, which backs on to two residential streets, is also worrying residents who say the area is an eyesore and has become a breeding ground for rats.
    • The firm wants to demolish the furniture centre and put up a horseshoe-shaped building facing Matalan and backing on to Drake Street.
    • Just off the N11, about 5km from Bray, the house backs on to what is currently a building site, but will soon be home to Dun Laoghaire Golf Club.
    • Police were called to the one-bedroomed property, which backs on to the city walls at Moatside Court, by neighbours complaining about a bad smell.
    • Priciest of them - at £475,000-is a three-storey brick-built building backing on to the city walls.
    • The counter appears longer and slightly lower and now backs on to a solid wall rather than the doorway into a mysterious treasure room as in the previous set up.
    • Police say some of the homes have suffered up to a metre of flood water after a stream, which the area backs on to, broke its banks.
    • The enclosure - an area of grass the size of a small room surrounded by a 3.5m-high wire fence backing on to a demountable building - had been purpose-built for Neil.
    1. 4.1with object Lie behind or at the back of.
      在…后面
      the promenade is backed by lots of cafes

      在海滨人行道后面有很多咖啡馆。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The Camai stage in the school gym was backed with six large panels decorated with masks and sculptures.
      • The highlight of the gig was Superhero Music, backed with fantastic visuals on the cinema screen - the tune whisks you off to another world.
      • We went to the south, which I found very gracious, with its beautiful beaches backed by mountains covered with tea and spice plantations.
    2. 4.2 Put a piece of music on the less important side of (a vinyl recording)
      收录在（录制品）的次要面；附带收录进（录制品）
      the new single is backed with a track from the LP

      这张新单曲里附带收录了LP唱片里的一首歌。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • For the purists and strays who like to compare remix treatments with the originals, this is backed by the original album version.
adjective bakbæk

  • 1attributive Of or at the back of something.

    （在）后面的

    the back garden

    后（花）园。

    the back pocket of his jeans

    他牛仔裤的后袋。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The boys have dyed hair, keychains dangling from their back pockets and black nail polish.
    • It was my mum who introduced me to gardening, even if it was something as simple as pottering in the back garden.
    • Mrs Gaspar grabbed at her arm as she ran past her and out onto the back verandah.
    • There were orchards along the terrace and we had a back garden with trees and a view of the River Dodder.
    • We need a fourth bedroom, an office, a downstairs toilet, a bigger back garden and a driveway.
    • No doubt he steered clear of the back garden view as night fell on Caledonian Stadium.
    • The suspects took the second victim's mobile phone from his back pocket before fleeing.
    • Varying amounts of the poison have been thrown into the back gardens of some of the houses.
    • You hesitate for a few seconds and your new friend Bob starts fumbling in his back pocket.
    • The master bedroom is painted in cream and has great views of the colourful back garden.
    • I was just passing by the main bedroom when this dark figure shot past me towards the back bedroom.
    • Your back garden may well not be a public place by the legal definition.
    • Even on Sundays, people would be looking at cars and have full view into our back garden.
    • About 5 years ago I had some doors made for my house to lead out to the back garden.
    • When the rain started coming down, the back garden just filled up and started seeping into the house.
    • The family's new drive became a mudbath and water seeped through the house and garage into the back garden.
    • Mr Coen had been thrown to the rear of the cab and partially out the back window.
    • The man then remembered he had a ticket in his back pocket that had been through the wash a few times.
    • When I reserved back, they threw a big rock out of my garden through the back window.
    • The first thing I am going to do is tear up the back driveway and plant grass to finish out the rear lawn.
    • Your back garden is full of majestic redwood trees, towering high above you.
    • Basically, it pays to read the back label if you want an idea of how it's going to taste.
    Synonyms
    rear
    end, hind, hindmost, rearmost
    dorsal, posterior
    1. 1.1 In a remote or subsidiary position.
      边远的；偏僻的
      back roads

      偏僻的小路。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Mr Wilkins had to use back roads to get home from the market where he had been doing his shopping.
      • From a length of back road we could see tributaries splashing down through woods.
      • Soon we reached Elm Ledge, a very quiet back road that offers an easy shortcut route.
      • He walked westward and out of the village by the back way to avoid the Roman sentry on the road.
      • The back road between Earby and Lothersdale was clogged with struggling vehicles.
      • There are many little back roads and alleyways that are usually used as shortcuts into the town centre.
      • A back road took us through Rudland, a name most associated with the nearby Rudland Rigg.
      • She had found Rissa stranded out on the back roads of Bennett at the age of three.
      • That was when I realised that it is a long, steady rise from the back road across the fen to our village.
      • The drivers go down the back road and use their air brakes, pressing their horns all the way down to the bottom.
      • A full moon lit their way as they slipped down a back road and slit the chain-link fence with bolt cutters.
      • I've ambled down quiet back roads where tiny children laugh their way home from school.
      • He claimed there was a lack of urgency to tackle safety problems on the A64 and also local back roads.
      • They approached the side road that took them around to the back entrance.
      • There are dozens of tech success stories hidden down back roads all over the country.
      • Double yellow lines to be introduced in some back roads to improve access to properties
      • This is the back road from Old Byland to Hawnby that is closed at the moment at a ford.
      • They rode in silence most of the way to his house, until they reached the back road that lead to his home.
      • Local people know how to get there down the back roads because they are looking for it but passing traffic is missing it.
      • This space is a maze of back roads, a pattern of small hills, fine houses and pretty little villages.

  • 2attributive From or relating to the past.

    在过去；回到过去

    she was owed back pay

    她被拖欠薪水。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • It has to be applied for and if left longer than three months after the retirement birthday, no back pay will be given.
    • The bus drivers union organized the job action to demand back pay owed to the drivers.
    • They must pay off their back tax and show that the vehicles are properly insured before they can be driven away.
    • Registration books and all the back registration to pay are a few of the hassles.
    Synonyms
    past, old, previous, earlier, former, out of date

  • 3attributive Directed towards the rear or in a reversed course.

    向后的；相反的

    a back header

    一个头球回传。

  • 4Phonetics
    attributive (of a sound) articulated at the back of the mouth.

    〔语音〕（音）后位的；舌后的

    a long back vowel, as in 'dance' or 'bath'
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Finnish is well known for possessing a front-back vowel harmony system.
    • Canadian back vowels are pronounced with the tongue bunched slightly.
    • Back vowels have their name because the sound resonates at the back of the mouth.

Phrases

  • at someone's back

    • In pursuit or support of someone.

      追求；支持（某人）

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The country is secure, no longer having its neighbor's tank armies and radical nationalist influence at its back.
      • Now that I've got the will of the people at my back, I'm going to start enforcing the one-question rule.
      • I just jumped down into this crevice, behind this big boulder and then there's a god almighty ‘bang’ as the forth RPG comes in at my back.
      • ‘I've got the will of the people at my back,’ he said at the moment of victory.
      • You get the ball and you give it straight away as you have a man at your back.

  • back and forth

    • To and fro.

      来回地

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Ms. Keagan's mom looked from her son to Trey, then back and forth again several times.
      • Cars were parked everywhere and everyone was rushing back and forth, in and out of the driveway.
      • They held a conversation that was made up entirely of subtle expressions passed back and forth.
      • We walked over to the Liverpool fans, a ball was thrown over the fence and we kicked it back and forth with them.
      • The chapters move back and forth over time, but in the masterly hands of Littell this is not a problem.
      • Mrs Holmes says so many lorries come back and forth that it can be dangerous walking through the area.
      • Radio messages flew back and forth to Moscow asking what to do before the situation was resolved.
      • It clouded over while I showered and then flipped back and forth between sunny and gloomy.
      • Having the team split between the two buildings meant they had to go back and forth between the two.
      • Both had to hold onto the shaky rails as they headed down, for the ship was swaying back and forth with the waves.
      • I sat on the floor and rocked back and forth, crying until he called out to me.
      • When you move your eyes quickly back and forth and read a book you have an emotional response and imagery.
      • She wanted to see the horse in his true magnificence, to rock back and forth on his broad back.
      • The three high clerics looked at each other, leaning over to whisper thoughts back and forth.
      • He drives back and forth at night in order to spend two full days with Jeremy on each visit.
      • We go back and forth like this until one of us gets bored or offended by what the other said.
      • Endless recounts saw power shift back and forth between the Tory and Labour groups.
      • It works just fine - you can easily bring the tone up and down by moving your hand back and forth.
      • The best way to involve a reader is to start at the beginning of a story and go on to the end, and not whizz back and forth.
      • The football was frantic and in the stands the chants bounced back and forth.
      Synonyms
      from place to place, around, about, to and fro, hither and thither, back and forth, in all directions, from pillar to post

  • back in the day

    • In the past; some time ago.

      在过去，在以前

      back in the day, he'd had one of the greatest minds I'd ever come across

      从前他曾是我所遇到过的最有头脑的人之一。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • This was back in the day where blenders whirled and the luxury of premixes and slurpee machines were unknown.
      • Incidentally, he told me that poor people in the rural areas used to use that plant as a Christmas tree, back in the day!
      • Back in the day, we didn't have all these choices: you just went down to the corner store and got what they had, and you put it in a sack and you went home.
      • Now, back in the day, it was really cheap to take a bus and 50 cents could probably get you most places you needed to go.
      • Western culture was marrying off girls at 13 to older men back in the day (being the long ago past).
      • Didn't Freud run into a lot of trouble for his ‘infantile sexuality’ theories back in the day?
      • This addiction crept up on me - back in the day, face wash and moisturiser was the sum total of my beauty regime.
      • But she had worked on some serious productions back in the day, so it was cool that some one like that would do such a tiny little film like this.
      • Perhaps the biggest reason that so many rebellious types are fond of the band is that they were genuinely dangerous back in the day.
      • Wow, I miss a lot off my mates from back in the day who I used to ride with.
      • Is it true your Dad was a Grass Speedway Champ back in the day?
      • I don't recall him ever being evil and manipulative back in the day.
      • It's a fantastic tune, and really, whatever your thoughts of the man now, he really was peerlessly talented back in the day.
      • Yes, if you'd known her back in the day, you would think this would never happen.
      • You have to admit that he was really a looker back in the day.
      • It wasn't so hard for women to ask each other to dance back in the day when the city's bars played cha-cha-chas and Big Band.
      • But none of these battles had the ferocity that battles had back in the day, and most were very subliminal.
      • In fact some of my fondest memories of hanging with my dad are going to Shell Shield cricket matches back in the day.
      • That stock is now worth only a fraction of what it was back in the day.
      • There was all the flippant humor that made the show so much fun back in the day, and I loved it.
      Synonyms
      previously, earlier, earlier on, before, until now, until then, hitherto, née, once, as was, once upon a time, at one time, at an earlier time, in the past, in days gone by, back in the day, in years gone by, in times gone by, in bygone days, in times past, in former times, in earlier times, time was when

  • one's back is turned

    • One's attention is elsewhere.

      某人的注意力在别处

      he kissed her quickly, when the landlady's back was turned

      趁女房东注意别的地方的时候，他很快地吻了她一下。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The lone superpower can bribe, bully, or impose its will almost anywhere in the world, but when its back is turned, its potency wanes.
      • Though I might help keep you alive here, there is no telling what the men will do to you when my back is turned.
      • I'm not so sure what they say when my back is turned.
      • As soon as Eddie 's back is turned he'll be the first one to plot his downfall.
      • But they are unfailingly polite, listen for as long as is decently necessary and do not immediately hurl my pledge-card into the nearest bin - at least not until my back is turned.
      • When the resident 's back is turned, she steals a purse and runs off.
      • ‘Yeah, just like what a great girlfriend you are that you're off snuggling up to one of his friends while his back is turned,’ I snarled back.
      • Dogs slip free of their leases whenever your back is turned.
      • Mothers are, of course, notorious for clearing your most favourite possessions out of your bedroom the moment your back is turned.
      • I told her not to say a word, and while my back is turned she rushes off to tell him.
      • I have no respect for cowards who strike when the enemy 's back is turned.
      • I'm not the type of person to attack while someone's back is turned.
      • She likens instant messaging, for example, to notes passed at the back of the classroom when the teacher 's back is turned: there is no premium on proper spelling.
      • They would be my friends when I'm with them, but my enemies when my back is turned.
      • At least everyone knows who I despise - you're the one acting as if you adore Anna and then you start gossiping about her the moment her back is turned.
      • But she also reserves a place in the bedroom altar for a small portrait of the Dalai Lama, a picture that, when our back is turned, is quietly put away.
      • Then soon as your back is turned he goes and does it.
      • There is no honour in defeating a foe when his back is turned.
      • I don't want to be spoken of less than fondly whenever my back is turned; deep down, I know you care too, even if it's just a little.
      • Of course you will have to trust the country not to attack you as soon as your back is turned.

  • the back of beyond

    〈北美〉在后面

    • A very remote or inaccessible place.

      偏僻处

      Example sentencesExamples
      • I've stopped daydreaming of moving to a rural barn in the back of beyond, with roses round the door and a goat at the end of the garden.
      • ‘It did seem very ironic that my life was saved in the back of beyond, but when I returned to Scotland, nothing could be done to help me,’ says Robb, now 44.
      • He sent in four legions to the strange, soaking wet, mist-shrouded island at the back of beyond.
      • If you live in the back of beyond in rural Bihar you can be safely assumed to be well out of reach of the media marketeers as we know them, right?
      • My wife has been pretty good about my fishing expeditions into the back of beyond, but when I told her that I fancied a trip up the Zaire river in search of Goliath tigerfish, she finally put her foot down.
      • That's what got him sent beyond the back of beyond to pull a completely devastated land into flourishing prosperity in less than a decade.
      • But we can tell that the town the lads left on their way to fight the Scots was a flourishing little place and not just some hole in the back of beyond.
      • Kubu Island sits on the southernmost tip of the Makgadikgadi Pan, Botswana: if you've ever wanted to know what lies behind the back of beyond, this is probably it…
      • It took some courage, six years ago, for Steve Reynolds to take on a tiny village pub in the back of beyond and, defying all odds, become a Herefordshire hero.
      • However, Justin wished he was in the back of beyond again with his old team.
      • Many of her explorations took place in the Waikawau and Nukuhakari districts - places in the back of beyond where secrets were waiting to be discovered.
      • Two babies died young, and when her fifth was due she went to ‘civilisation’ in Menindee - still the back of beyond.
      • I don't know where it is, but the name he gave me - ‘La Providence ‘, sounds like some village way out in the back of beyond.’
      • Maybe if we moved to the back of beyond we'd stand a better chance’.
      • The third, a stone house, is worth £60,000 [it is in the back of beyond, hence the low asking price].
      • These trees would live in myriad habitats from soggy coasts to the driest deserts, deep valleys to the shoulders of alpine peaks, backyards to the back of beyond.
      • Meanwhile, this makes me smile far too much and brings back memories of riding bikes around the back of beyond in Hoi An.
      • It's in the back of beyond in Bahia's ranch country, accessible only by boat or plane.
      • If you live in a little village in the back of beyond, people still hiss at you in the street if you display signs of being remotely unusual.
      • But I thought I had come to the back of beyond as the train took us across this great country.
      Synonyms
      the middle of nowhere, the backwoods, the wilds, the hinterland, a backwater

  • back o'Bourke

    • informal The outback.

      〈澳，非正式〉内地

  • the back of one's mind

    • Used to express that something is in one's mind but is not consciously thought of or remembered.

      下意识

      she had a little nagging worry at the back of her mind

      下意识里她还存有顾虑。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • But it's always there in the back of your mind and you just sort of live with it.
      • But, she said, there was always the worry at the back of your mind about future flooding.
      • Mrs Patel added: ‘We are getting on with our lives but there is always that fear in the back of your mind.’
      • In the back of her mind, she would have to remember who she truly was, and who she truly loved.
      • Lia had pushed the remembrance of hers in the back of her mind so it couldn't affect her any more.
      • There are a few worries in the back of your mind but you shut them out - you have a job to do and so you get on and do it.
      • It's kind of in the back of your mind all the time.
      • You've always got the risk in the back of your mind but if you're told to get on with a job, you just do it.
      • You've just got to put that to the back of your mind and make sure it doesn't restrict you.
      • There was something nagging him in the back of his mind, and he just couldn't figure it out.
      • He admitted that Benny is constantly on his mind, and Joe is often in the back of his mind.
      • Sitting on a crowded train, one overheard conversation might catch your attention and remain in the back of your mind for the rest of the day.
      • It occurred to her that though she didn't think of it consciously, it was at the back of her mind.
      • Even when you had successfully performed every other task, the problem of money always remained, a persistent, nagging worry at the back of one's mind.
      • You do always, in the back of your mind, know that there's a possibility they're not coming home.
      • I had these small worries in the back of my mind that I didn't want to grow and haunt me.
      • But, as I said to someone the other day, there is always a ‘maybe’ in the back of your mind.
      • I consciously try and push it to the back of my mind while I savour a bit of relaxation.
      • I'm out of contract at the end of the season and you try not to think about that but it's at the back of your mind.
      • It all nagged at the back of my mind and was beginning to really eat into me when, on Thursday, the phone finally rang.

  • back someone into a corner

    • Force someone into a difficult situation.

      I was backed into a corner—there was no way out
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Such manoeuvres, however, are perhaps the inevitable consequence of scientists who are backed into a corner.
      • Simply put, Washington has backed Pyongyang into a corner.
      • The mayor's staff, suddenly backed into a corner, went ballistic.
      • They have actually had to be virtually backed into a corner.
      • Backed into a corner, the publishers finally made a desperate gamble.
      • During the last two decades of his life, Arafat found himself backed into a corner.
      • Having backed himself into a corner he still wasn't big enough to admit he was wrong.
      • Thompson has in some ways been backed into a corner.
      • It is a desperate act of brinkmanship from Barak, a soldier turned politician, who finds himself backed into a corner.
      • Absolute compassion - whereby any form of killing is forbidden - backs us into a corner.

  • back to front

    • With the back at the front and the front at the back.

      〈英〉前后颠倒

      the exhausts had been fitted back to front

      排气管前后装倒了。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The fellow had his cap on back to front just as you did when you were milking by hand as it meant your head fitted more snugly into the cow's flank without the cap neb being in the way.
      • Three times I was woken by the buzzer noise, half dressed, twice put on my hooded top back to front, fell over my slippers and stumbled to the door to be of help.
      • Pupils at at Southbroom Junior School came up with a different fundraising twist when they wore their clothes back to front to help raise money.
      • The jury had heard that Mr Roberts said in a statement to police that he might have looked at Mr Reeves's X-rays back to front before the operation.
      • She later underwent a ten-hour operation to correct a fault where the heart chambers were back to front.
      • Kirsty, who was born with her heart back to front and other organs misplaced, was given only six weeks to live in 1999.
      • Just because young people listen to loud music and wear baseball caps back to front, it does not mean they are on drugs.
      • The library books had been shelved back to front.
      • Any new leader will find it completely impossible to lead a party that is split from back to front, from left to right and from side to centre.
      • But get this, the policy does cover out patient treatment of the same kind, which seems a bit back to front to me.
      • Then he put a kilt on for the first time in his life and managed to wear it back to front.
      • SIR - Am I living in a parallel universe, where everything is back to front?
      • Yet he inadvertently put his top on back to front, wearing No 19 on his chest for a few minutes before realising.
      • The whole thing seemed upside down, back to front.
      • ‘You know, the baseball caps on back to front, mobile phone glued to the ear, the unbridled arrogance,’ he recalled.
      • The top is a unique reversible front to back, back to front style.
      • I was holding it back to front so the logo couldn't be seen.
      • Faults included wires hanging out of walls, holes in the ceilings, door handles fitted back to front and broken tiles.
      • Kirsty, who was born with her heart back to front and with other major organs misplaced, will compete in her wheelchair in a three kilometres junior race.
      • This time I was going to do something I already knew, inside out, back to front, sideways.

  • back water

    • Reverse the action of a boat's oars to slow down or stop.

      倒桨

      the exhausted crews backed water and the fleet fell apart
      Example sentencesExamples
      • After a successful ram, ships could back water and go after another enemy, but one wonders how many such shocks a ship could take.

  • back the wrong horse

    • Make a wrong or inappropriate choice.

      下错了赌注；做错了选择

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Are we going to back the wrong horse sometimes?
      • On that occasion he most certainly backed the wrong horse.
      • I think most of the critics are backing the wrong horse in seeing the issue of testing for recreational drugs as a make or break issue.
      • With the calling of parliament in 1640 it became apparent that Huntingdon had backed the wrong horse.
      • This harshness will doubtless be exacerbated by the fact that they backed the wrong horse in the telecoms market.
      • Most are dedicated, caring men who just happen to have backed the wrong horse.
      • The majority of intelligent, sensitive artists, writers, painters, musicians backed the wrong horse for a long time in the 20th century.
      • Any reader who doesn't itch to pick up a pencil at this point is perhaps backing the wrong horse.
      • The diversification should help to reduce the risk in case you back the wrong horse.
      • But time has shown that the government backed the wrong horse.
      • Is it time to say sorry for backing the wrong horse?
      • In the latter case, I think he backed the wrong horse, but we'll come to that later.
      • In exploring the rhetoric of singularity, then, I might seem to be backing the wrong horse.
      • A jumble of investments created as an alternative to losing all one's money backing a single horse.
      • Then he got down on one knee and said, ‘I'm sorry we backed the wrong horse.'

  • behind someone's back

    • Without a person's knowledge and in an unfair way.

      在某人背后，背着某人

      Carla made fun of him behind his back

      卡拉在他背后取笑他。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • In Wales they all speak behind your back in their mother tongue and you don't know what they're saying.
      • We're telling jokes about you behind your back.
      • They may agree that everyone's doing it nowadays, but they're still laughing behind your back.
      • It can help when you need to brag or blow off steam or tell a secret or even talk behind someone's back.
      • But while your friends snigger behind your back, all you worry about - initially, at any rate - is sleep and how to get some.
      • In fact he had done many a vile thing behind her back without her knowledge.
      • It's all very well to dress to please yourself, but you wouldn't want to hear what they say about you behind your back when you do.
      • Someone close to you has done something behind your back, knowing that it would hurt you deeply if you found out.
      • But what's worse than people speaking rudely to your face is doing so behind your back, especially when it's not true.
      • Your friend is being honest with you, which is a good thing: it would be worse for her to go behind your back and flirt with him.
      • She didn't go skulking around behind your back.
      • He was wearing green silk pajamas that we all secretly teased him for behind his back.
      • Your friends are smoking behind your back and not telling you.
      • Who is more critical of you and more likely to pass comments on how you look/what you wear and gossip behind your back?
      • Find out what people are saying about you behind your back.
      • Do you often feel that many people are talking about you behind your back?
      • How can you trust them with the children in your charge when they are breaking rules and laws behind your back.
      • There is one thing about people talking about you behind your back; it is quite another thing being humiliated in a newsletter.
      • We're having a secret rendezvous behind Droven 's back.
      • Friends and family will comment on the difference immediately - if only behind your back.
      Synonyms
      secretly, without someone's knowledge, on the sly, deceitfully, slyly, sneakily, covertly, surreptitiously, furtively

  • get (or put) someone's back up

    • Make someone annoyed or angry.

      惹恼（或惹怒）某人

      Example sentencesExamples
      • It just put my back up and made me more and more determined that I was going to speak out.
      • David's post really got my back up.
      • If there's one phrase that gets my back up, it's people talking about ‘dumping the kids at the creche.’
      • Of course this gets her back up completely, but I'm past caring now.
      • He immediately got Patricia 's back up by promising to fight harder for funds.
      • And his questions were exactly the kind that would get my back up.
      • It was a statement, not a question, spoken in an arrogant, challenging way that immediately put Diana 's back up.
      • That's something that's almost guaranteed to get my back up.
      • Throughout the evening girls had been coming up to Gavin and flirting with him, which understandably got Charlotte 's back up.
      • Lund said: ‘It was a spur-of-the-moment thing, but this ban has really got my back up.’
      • So when I got this letter asking us to contribute a few days ago, it really got my back up.
      • I must admit to finding his tone of writing to being rather condescending, which initially put my back up.
      • It is not easy to be inclusive, but it is your obligation to not only try, but to not get your back up when people call you on things.
      • Lecturing and name-calling tends to put my back up.
      • Something seems to have got his back up.
      • There's no point in getting your back up over something which is an honest mistake.
      • If someone approaches in an aggressive manner then it puts your back up, but we have bent over backwards to help people.
      • I can tell when people are smoking nearby and I'm out in the open air and it just puts my back up.
      • The reverse side of this is favouritism, which also gets my back up.
      • Her only mistake was in over-playing her hand and getting my back up.
      Synonyms
      annoy, irritate, vex, make angry, make cross, anger, exasperate, irk, gall, pique, put out, displease, antagonize, get on someone's nerves, rub up the wrong way, ruffle, ruffle someone's feathers, make someone's hackles rise, raise someone's hackles

  • have (got) someone's back

    • Be prepared to offer support or assistance to someone.

      my parents always have my back
      Example sentencesExamples
      • He had written, in tiny, impeccable handwriting, "I know you'll always have my back."
      • I have always been the little sister that has his back.
      • I'm his friend and I've got his back.
      • There's nothing like being able to spend down-time with the people who have your back.
      • Unfortunately when she sticks her neck out, no one has got her back.
      • What she needs is to know that you've got her back if things get rough for her, that you're looking out for her best interest.
      • I can trust that my wife will have my back.
      • As a person with enough journalists as friends, I know many of them bless the copy editors for having their backs.
      • We have to show the president we have his back.
      • I've got your back because I know what you're going through.

  • in back

    • At the back of something, especially a building.

      〈北美〉在后面（尤指在建筑物的后面）

      my dad demolished a shed in back of his barn

      父亲拆掉了仓库后面的一个旧棚。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The three cops got in back with many words of thanks and offered me an orange.
      • I could see a garden and path leading into the forest, which was in back of the building.
      • The conversation spread across the aisle, then to the seat in front, the row in back.
      • I felt my eyes roll in back of my head, the way it happens when you are falling asleep while watching TV.
      • He took the duffel bag from Kellie and threw it in back of one of the SUVs that was in Jones' driveway.
      • By then, the cars in back had almost caught up, and were trailing right behind us.
      • As we continued out to the ship, one of the crew in back told us the same thing had happened on the previous day.
      • The tight pant legs just touch the top of the boot heel in back and break one time on the instep.
      • Those in front of them were pushing them back, those in back of them were pushing them forward.
      • The manager at our local grocery keeps it locked up in the safe in back - you have to ask for it special.
      • Small fenced gardens were in back of most of the huts, and chickens seemed to be everywhere.
      • My right leg is a little sore in back, and that just came about today.
      • I tried offering the front seat to Anna, but he insisted she sit in back with Matt and Travis.
      • The window itself looks out on the track and football field in back of the school.
      • Boxer had dropped me off in back of the club, before heading inside and finding a table near the stage.
      • His hair was cut short in back, but long silver strands fell softly into his eyes.
      • They had been kept away because the trees that you see fallen in back of me had been on the roads.
      • The beast's whiskers touched the front of the tub and its tail curled up in back.
      • I sat in the passenger seat and Erik in the drivers seat with Dan and Jake in back.
      • When she woke up, the sun was setting in the western horizon, in back of the plane.

  • know something like the back of one's hand

    • Be entirely familiar with a place or route.

      对（某地或路线）了如指掌

      Example sentencesExamples
      • You'll know this place like the back of your hand in no time.
      • He knew the city like the back of his hand but tonight he couldn't see anything resembling a familiar landmark.
      • She knew the procedure like the back of her hand.
      • John races locally and knows the trails like the back of his hand, so keeping up with him was no easy task.
      • Not only that, but much of the land in this region of Wyoming is owned by ranchers who know the terrain like the back of their hand, and have become adept at spotting fossils.
      • He's also a great caddie who knows the course like the back of his hand.
      • Dracula undoubtedly knows this island like the back of his hand.
      • After all, this is his neighborhood, so he knows it like the back of his hand.
      • Casey didn't bother to turn on the light in this end of the room, knowing it like the back of her hand.
      • It has an owner who knows it like the back of his hand.
      • Their house is exactly the same inside as mine so I know it like the back of my hand.
      • ‘I know this village like the back of my hand,’ he says.
      • I'm sure Adam would've gone into the mountains - he knows them like the back of his hand.
      • I nodded as we began walking towards the stables, ‘Tori knows this place like the back of her hand.’
      • He has been working the land at Mersehead, on the Solway Firth, for 30 years, and knows it like the back of his hand.
      • Nearly all my riding is done in the country East Sussex and Kent and I know it like the back of my hand as I've been there so much.
      • I have been in the industry for 14 years and know it like the back of my hand.
      • But Waymaster Fintaal was raised in Elithanor, and he knows the woods like the back of his hand.
      • I'm sure you'll find something on the docks; you know them like the back of your hand after all.
      • He and his team know the area like the back of their hand; not much escapes their attention.

  • on one's back

    • In bed recovering from an injury or illness.

      卧床休养

      Example sentencesExamples
      • For the next six years, I spent most of my days flat on my back in unrelenting pain.
      • I found it hard to feel much joy for anything flat on my back after kidney surgery.
      • For the first six days after surgery, I had to lie flat on my back in the hospital bed.
      • As a patient, you spend a great deal of time, sometimes days at a time in severe situations, flat on your back and staring at stained acoustic tiles.
      • Exercise really hard and increase your training volume quickly, and you may end up flat on your back with an upper respiratory infection.
      • The latter two spent several years flat on their back unable to do anything.
      • A panicked man shot out of the carriage and ran to the back where I lay flat on my back, not moving.
      • Since Mom's still flat on her back in hospital, we can safely deduce she's not to blame.
      • Children with such injuries should be kept on their back with a protective shield over the eye if possible.

  • put one's back into

    • Approach (a task) with vigour.

      竭尽全力于

      Example sentencesExamples
      • He is the fastest bowler in the world, but he was not really putting his back into it.
      • And, it was the first time the Australians put their back into the promotion of the tour.
      • He put his back into it and I hope he gets the reward he deserves,’ says Fitzpatrick, 55, a trade unionist involved in the recent wage settlement.
      • You've got to put your back into it and head into the wind.
      • Staten put his back into the task now facing him with renewed vigour.
      • Rosamund Young is putting her back into her campaign by picking up litter from the hedgerows, lay-bys and verges of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
      • Radcliffe is shivering and covered in goosebumps, but no matter: as most of the world knows, she is a trouper, the kind of girl that puts her back into whatever she does.
      • Gregory only smiled, and put his back into helping lift the heavy tables.
      • She really puts her back into it, which is missing in the full screen version.
      Synonyms
      persevere with, persist with, keep at, work at, continue with, carry on with, go on with, not give up with, hammer away at, stay with, follow through, see through, go the distance, stay the course

  • turn one's back on

    • 1Ignore (someone) by turning away from them.

      对（某人）掉头不管；轻视（某人）

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Karina nearly turned her back on all this but she suddenly heard noises coming from her room.
      • I turned away quickly, jumping the stairs two at a time to my room, ignoring the screams of, ‘Don't you turn your back on me!’
      • Jessie's already in the gym, and when she sees me walk in with Eva she just turns her back on me and IGNORES me.
      • Don't turn your back on me, I won't be ignored!
      • Ms. Aiken scoffed slightly and turned her back on Tristyn to make her way back to the front of the class.
      • Without waiting for an answer, I turned my back on him again, trying to ignore the rather intimidating presence of Will standing behind me.
      • He went, and it cost him his life. You can almost hear her saying to his spirit, ‘How dare you spurn me and turn your back on me?’
      • Rather oddly, the fireman sporting a handlebar moustache about to sip a saucer of hot cocoa is ignoring the fire ragtag behind him and turns his back on two colleagues who are tackling it.
      • She froze, then turned her back on him and started walking towards the waterfall.
      • He turned his back on Brett, trying to ignore him.
      • I turn my back on Anja and her gang and walk away deciding to ignore them for the rest of the day.
      • You just had to walk away, turn your back on me, ignore me.
      • Before his hot temper could boil out wrongfully, Ryuko turned his back on the guardian and walked wordlessly off.
      Synonyms
      snub, slight, spurn, shun, disdain, look right through, look past, give someone the cold shoulder, cold-shoulder, freeze out, steer clear of
      1. 1.1Reject or abandon (a person or thing that one was previously involved with)
        否认；抛弃
        she turned her back on her career to devote her life to animals
        Example sentencesExamples
        • I turned my back on him, I had rejected him, I had walked away from him.
        • She turned her back on nine years of teaching and began the daunting task of learning a new profession.
        • ‘I have spent 20-odd years of my working life with the BBC and I don't turn my back on that lightly,’ the 69-year-old said.
        • He's American, but this Americanism is something he is turning his back on.
        • What we've done is turned our back on those people, we've abandoned them and said that ‘You're not worthy of having a news service.
        • But she had thrown them away, turned her back on them to chase heroism.
        • Now there is her British debut, which is more of a homecoming than people realise. ‘I love living in America, but I could never turn my back on who I am,’ she says.
        • He was turning his back on all these people that had worked for him and essentially, like a general abandoning his army in the field just before a decisive battle.
        • You couldn't help thinking of people at school who you'd turned your back on, when vicious cliques had made their days a misery.
        • But more importantly, you've got to turn your back on all this negative campaigning.
        • People share a real sense of purpose there and it's not an easy thing to turn your back on.
        • Here is a gentleman who wants to turn his back on his previous lifestyle and looks to the future with some hope.
        • Here, it seemed to be saying, is a party that stands for something that the others have turned their back on: real equality and the redistribution of wealth.
        • He's turned his back on what his duty was, to serve the public, not his buddies in government.
        • You know, the kind of guy you would never turn your back on in a million years.
        • Accept this, and be not afraid to turn your back on what you were in order to become something else.
        • I have got a job and have turned my back on my previous lifestyle.
        • Her grandmother had never, ever turned her back on anyone, not even the family that ignored her while she was alive.
        • His father turned his back on all requests for help.
        • He then turned his back on what he had always known and walked into a new life.
        Synonyms
        abandon, give up, have done with, throw up

  • with one's back to (or up against) the wall

    • In a desperate situation.

      走投无路；处于绝境

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Facing defeat and with his back to the wall, he played dirty.
      • But with his back to the wall, Milkins produced his best snooker.
      • But that he is on the defensive should send out a word of warning to all who cross his path: Hewitt with his back to the wall is a very dangerous creature indeed.
      • He has shown that he is a man who fights best with his back to the wall.
      • Yet he continues to manage Dell with the urgency and determination of a college kid with his back to the wall.
      • ‘He's got superb movement and first touch and when you play with your back to the wall you need that,’ said Hoddle.
      • He has often had to work with his back to the wall to find a consensus among his party colleagues.
      • He is always at his best with his back to the wall.
      • In fact the most terrifying scenario I could imagine is if the tyrant found himself with his back to the wall.

Phrasal Verbs

  • back down

    • Withdraw a claim or assertion in the face of opposition.

      （遭遇反对时）收回声明（或宣言）

      party leaders backed down and rescinded the resolution
      Example sentencesExamples
      • In return, he argues, he has backed down in response to the strong feelings in the party and the public generally.
      • The president also said he has no intention of backing down from his plan.
      • The Democrats refused to concede on the privatization scheme and the president backed down.
      • If she backs down from the fight with Washington, that might reassure business interests but disillusion his core supporters.
      • Burton, he added affectionately, ‘never backs down, whether the fight is within his own party or outside it.’
      • On the same day, management backed down, agreeing to withdraw the legal action.
      • Usually it's the weaker party that needs to save face when backing down from some untenable position.
      • The company backed down and withdrew the T-shirt uniform after a public outcry.
      • Last night there was no sign of the 17-member Police Authority or its Chief Constable backing down from its stand.
      • They can claim that Sonia backed down in the face of their threats.
      • You don't win a record eight Olympic medals by backing down.
      • He is not from a family that backs down, even if it means risking one's life.
      • Nor will we be intimidated into backing down from something we believe in very strongly.
      • Unless the management backs down, industrial action is inevitable.
      • She makes her opinion known, never backs down and never lets up.
      • Whether her views were right or wrong are immaterial to this post, and I do admire her for not backing down over what she said when there was probably a lot of pressure being put on her to do so.
      • However, neither the French nor Austrian governments showed any sign of backing down from their proposals.
      • We would hope that the revolt in his party will make the Minister see sense, but personally I can't see him backing down.
      • Friends say she has no intention of backing down, however.
      • While both countries are expressing a desire for peace, neither side is showing signs of backing down.
      Synonyms
      give in, concede defeat, surrender, yield, submit, climb down, concede, reconsider

  • back off

    • 1Draw back from action or confrontation.

      撤退

      they backed off from fundamental reform of the system

      他们退出了基本的体制改革。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The newspapers have even backed off from reporting the stories, as they once were doing.
      • But, quite rightly, the union refused to back off until the company withdrew its plan in its entirety.
      • He was strong and dependable and never backed off from a fight.
      • Despite widespread international condemnation, the government shows no signs of backing off.
      • There are people who think we maybe we are doing way too much and we should be backing off.
      • Employers are backing off from commitments to health and retirement benefits.
      • If everyone just backs off a little, shows some patience, and endeavors to listen and learn from others, maybe some purpose greater than self-congratulation will ensue.
      • The average male is intimidated by my intelligence and strength of personality, and backs off, but I'm not interested in the average male, after all.
      • It is clear that some unions have backed off from any major confrontations.
      • He never backs off and has good credentials.
      • People don't do that and instead they start getting lawyers and backing off and saying I won't talk to the cops.
      • The brothers never backed off from a challenge.
      • Unwilling to jeopardize her marriage, Anna backed off from competing for a couple of years.
      • She backs off until Sam does something that convinces her he still needs her.
      • ‘We had to take a few more risks there today in the foggy conditions, and maybe the others were backing off. ‘he said.’
      • UP to 20,000 jobs are in danger of being lost in the construction sector in the months ahead if the Government backs off on the plan, an industry source warned last night.
      • If he backs off now, the limited respect he has gained already could contract to a negative footnote.
      • It looks like the leadership is slowly backing off from a confrontation.
      • I'm curious now, with war so close, are his critics backing off a little bit?
      • The leader of the union has consistently backed off from any confrontation with the government.
      Synonyms
      draw back, step back, move away, back off, retreat, withdraw, pull back, give ground
      1. 1.1North American Withdraw a claim or assertion in the face of opposition.
        （遭遇反对时）收回声明（或宣言）
        she has backed off on her earlier threat to shut down operations
        Example sentencesExamples
        • After that, they seemed to be backing off a little bit.
        • The key liberal interest groups aren't backing off.
        • I just received word that the union is backing off.
        • The White House spokesman rejected suggestions Wednesday that the president was backing off.
        • So, are Republican congressional leaders backing off?
        • She isn't really backing off; she says that her remarks were ‘off the cuff,’ but hasn't disavowed them.
        Synonyms
        retreat, withdraw, pull back, fall back, pull out, disengage, give way, give ground, flee, take flight, turn tail, beat a retreat, beat a hasty retreat

  • back out

    • Withdraw from a commitment.

      退出

      if he backs out of the deal they'll sue him

      如果他退出这笔交易，他们就会起诉他。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The excitement would die down soon enough, and the school would retreat back out of the public eye.
      • He never backed out of anything or shied away from any opponent, and he was prepared to put his career on the line every time he fought.
      • But I wanted to take this up as a challenge; it was such an exciting offer that I just couldn't think of backing out.
      • Originally a trio called Cub, the brave lads backed out on the verge of being signed.
      • I've made a public announcement about it now and there's no backing out.
      • The doctor backed out of his contractual responsibility to provide out of hours care for his patients.
      • I wasn't going to let her get away with backing out of the trip.
      • No doubt my constant backing out of doing stuff has earned me a reputation among my friends for being an unreliable flake.
      • When one of these countries wants to talk peace, the other backs out.
      • You can accuse him of many things - we'll get to that later - but you can't accuse him of backing out of a challenge.
      • No one wants to absorb the cost if someone in a group backs out.
      • He then backed out of plans to return to star in an Edmonton production of Romeo and Juliet.
      • So I went to the Marine recruiting station with two of my cousins who both backed out.
      • Subsequently, as many as three contractors who took up the project also backed out after doing only a part of the work.
      • A few years ago he was asked to be on a TV show, but backed out at the last minute because he felt weird.
      • Plans are all very loose at the moment and I think my co-organisers might be backing out, but I don't mind.
      • But I'm still in bed, feeling only a few degrees above death, and feeling bad about backing out.
      • The company had been a tentative sponsor of the first marathon before backing out.
      • She backed out of that role in order to instead play Anne Frank on Broadway.
      • Well, many legal experts speculated that when the civil suit was filed, that that might be a sign that she was backing out.
      Synonyms
      renege on, go back on, withdraw from, pull out of, retreat from, fail to honour, abandon, default on, repudiate

  • back up

    • 1(of vehicles) form into a queue due to congestion.

      （车辆）堵塞

      the traffic began to back up

      交通开始堵塞。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Diversions were set up along the A4 as traffic backed up to the Cross Keys Inn.
      • It was dusk when he began directing traffic, which was backing up at a nearby intersection.
      • You see, you take away half of the road and the traffic backs up.
      • Cars were parked across the road, and traffic was already beginning to back up.
      • Naturally, being an interstate highway and the only decent road in the state, there are lots of people to inspect, and the traffic backs up for several miles.
      • Traffic backed up on to Bradshawgate, Bolton, while he was treated at the scene.
      • It is hoped this will combat problems resulting from the queue of taxis backing up into Kings Road.
      • Cars and other vehicles queued for hours to reach the fair, backing up through Stow Square and up to the Fosseway.
      • Traffic typically backs up in both the morning and evening rush hours, but drivers are reporting that the new road markings have made the delays much longer than normal.
      • Too many stoplights are a nuisance, backing up traffic, making people late, annoying everyone.
      • And when that traffic backs up, the result is employee downtime and increasing frustration.
      • The result at peak times is that the traffic stops, backs up on to Queen Street bridge and into Blossom Street.
      • On the odd occasion during peak times traffic backs up but it seems to be OK most of the time.
      • Traffic on High Street wishing to turn left or right on to Church Street backs up due to the volume of vehicles at busy times.
      • This can become so congested that at peak times that traffic can back up as far as the motorway.
      • Traffic was backing up as far as the motorways as roads in and around the city centre were closed by police.
      • Contractors are due to start work on January 13 to put in place a series of initiatives that they hope will help to ease congestion at locations where traffic constantly backs up.
      • He said traffic was continually backing up around Wood Street and Curzon Street.
      • As traffic backed up around the barricades, dozens of onlookers stared inside.
      • Cars stop in the middle of the road to view wildlife, backing up traffic for miles.

    • 2(of running water) accumulate behind an obstruction.

      （流水）积聚

      Example sentencesExamples
      • There is a limit to the amount of water the River Thames can take, without it backing up and flooding new areas.
      • As more and more water backed up, a temporary lake formed and grew larger and larger.
      • In earlier testimony, I likened this process to water backing up against a dam that is finally breached.
      • The water began to back up and I had to seize a jug and begin bailing it out into the bath.
      • When the foul water sewer is overcharged, the foul water backs up and can force open the manhole cover in Mr. Marcic's front garden, thereby escaping into the garden.
      • When the sewers become overwhelmed with rainwater the overflows work to ensure water is prevented from backing up in the system.
      • Often the water backs up because the drains are clogged.
      • It's caused by the onset of the dry season, when the water backed up in the Tonie Sap lake begins to drain into the Mekong.

  • back something up

    • 1Computing
      Make a spare copy of data or a disk.

      〔计算机〕为…备份

      Example sentencesExamples
      • It will create image files to a second hard drive, and then you can use your favorite CD or DVD burning software to back your images up.
      • All replacement changes are backed up and an HTML report is generated in the end of the routine.
      • As a result, all data is backed up completely and without risk of corruption, even if the files are open and in use during the backup.
      • Whether the system is backed up to disk or tape is not really an issue; however, there is a cost and management issue regarding backing up data.
      • Short of exporting the entire database, and then backing that up, the ideal is to shut down each database, back it up, and then fire it up again, in sequence.
      • While a BestCrypt container is unmounted, it can be backed up, copied and otherwise treated like any other file.
      • I downloaded everything onto my computer here, then backed it up on disks.
      • Users can download the tracks to one computer and back them up on two other PCs.
      • Knowing the number and size of files and size is important if you need to make copies of data files and back them up to a floppy disk.
      • A cold backup is when an application is taken off line, which means there's no user access to the data, and the data is backed up.
      • In fact saving your work often (and backing it up to floppy disk, zip disk or writable CD) is a good idea if you have anything important on your PC.
      • Storing this content as if it's a simple computer file, and thus simply backing it up to disk, is not the optimal approach.
      • It was like spending hours on end typing a thesis on a laptop, forgetting to back it up on disk then dropping the thing two thirds of the way through and shattering the hard drive.
      • Now storage servers or workstations can be backed up on one single tape cartridge housed in the server itself.
      • Alternatively, you can configure the software to back the data up into one big file, with data compression enabled.
      • If identical copies of a 20 MB PowerPoint presentation exist on 10 different computers, only one copy of the presentation will be backed up.
      • The diskettes are recycled after a long, long interval in the cupboard, long after the hard disk files have been backed up.
      • By all means, back it up to a floppy or CD-ROM, but keep your backup in a safe place.
      • Users who want a more hands-on approach, can choose which files and folders are backed up, provide the software with scheduling information, and indicate how many generations of each item are to be kept.
      • Once the data is backed up to disk, business operations can proceed at a normal pace and important data protection operations can take place.

    • 2Cause vehicles to form into a queue due to congestion.

      （车辆）堵塞

      the traffic was backed up a mile in each direction

      各方向的车辆都堵了数英里。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • On several mornings, vehicles were backed up from the Park Hotel Roundabout to the Burgery at around 9 am, but conditions had improved by the end of the week.
      • Police were called to the scene with traffic backed up in both directions.
      • On the wrong day traffic can be backed up almost its entire dreary length giving the road its present bad reputation.
      • Sometimes the traffic is backed up so much you can't get on to the A19, other times the cars are going so fast it is a total deathtrap.
      • It's 5: 00 p.m., the thruway is backed up for miles, and you're trying to race your sick child to the pediatrician.
      • Traffic has been backed up around the area during rush hour ever since the work started.
      • There was no point setting off right away - all the cars were backed up as they queued to get out, so I sat for an hour reading The Guardian with the heater on full fan to dry my jeans.
      • Such was the crowd that traffic was backed up for the best part of 30 minutes on all roads in and out of the town.
      • I cycle down Bootham and the traffic can be backed up but I know exactly how long the journey is going to take me.
      • A few blocks away the traffic was backed up… they had closed off a bunch of roads to ‘non famous vehicles and their drivers.’
      • And another New Road shopkeeper added: ‘By 4.30 pm all the traffic is backed up right along the road.’
      • It is nothing unusual to find traffic backed up for a few miles south of the town.
      • Traffic heading east out of Manchester on the M60 was backed up as far as Eccles.
      • But motorists have complained that rush-hour traffic has been backed up on Tadcaster Road as drivers get to grips with the new lights.
      • The light ahead was green, but the traffic was backed up through the light.
      • Traffic was backed up all along Cutlery Road for half an hour as the convoy refused to move.
      • Not infrequently, vehicles are backed up beyond Arthur Road in Durnsford, Leopold in Gap, and Blackshaw in Plough.
      • Race day arrived and the traffic is backed up all the way around the race track.
      • Outside Atlanta, traffic into the city was backed up for more than 20 miles on Interstate 20 after two tractor-trailers spun out of control.
      • The traffic's all backed up and there are people shouting and fighting everywhere.

Derivatives

  • backmost

    • adjective ˈbakməʊstˈbækˌmoʊst

    • Furthest back.

      〈澳，非正式〉内地

      the backmost tooth on my top right side
      Example sentencesExamples
      • You can see it especially in the front, where the lights are almost an artistic feature, and in the rear of the side view where there's a very successful treatment of the backmost pillar.
      • I discovered a strange ridge on the backmost tooth on my top right side
      • This is a seven-seater, though the two backmost seats are strapped up to the sides when not in use rather than being folded into the floor, and this intrudes into luggage capacity.

Origin

Old English bæc, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch and Old Norse bak. The adverb use dates from late Middle English and is a shortening of aback.

  • Old English back has been prolific in forming compounds, phrases and popular expressions. If you get someone's back up you make them annoyed. The image is that of a cat arching its back when angry or threatened. The idea is recorded as early as 1728: a character in The Provok'd Husband, a comic play of that year by John Vanbrugh (c.1664–1726) and Colley Cibber (1671–1757), remarks, ‘How her back will be up then, when she meets me!’ Sir Walter Scott was the first to use the back of beyond, in 1816. In Australia the back of beyond is back o'Bourke, Bourke being a remote town in New South Wales. In America there have been backwoods since the early 18th century. Failure has sent people back to square one since the 1950s. This possibly comes from a board game such as Snakes and Ladders, in which the board has some squares that send a player who lands on them back to the beginning or to an earlier position. Back to the drawing board does not seem to have been used until the 1940s, though drawing boards themselves have been known by that name from the early 18th century. Andrew Johnson, the 17th president of the USA, gave us the phrase to take a back seat. He said in 1868 after the American Civil War that ‘in the work of Reconstruction traitors should take back seats’. In the 20th century the car brought with it the back-seat driver. By the 1950s the term appears in other contexts: in 1955 The Times reported a comment that ‘it was contrary to democracy for elected members to consult “pressure groups” and “back-seat drivers” ’. See also nimby

Rhymes

aback, alack, attack, black, brack, clack, claque, crack, Dirac, drack, flack, flak, hack, jack, Kazakh, knack, lack, lakh, mac, mach, Nagorno-Karabakh, pack, pitchblack, plaque, quack, rack, sac, sack, shack, shellac, slack, smack, snack, stack, tach, tack, thwack, track, vac, wack, whack, wrack, yak, Zack
noun.1
phr.
phr.v.

Definition of back in US English:

back

nounbakbæk

  • 1The rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips.

    （人的）背；背部

    he lay on his back

    他仰面躺着。

    as modifier back pain
    Forbes slapped me on the back

    福布斯拍了一下我的背。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Melanomas can occur anywhere on the body but are most frequently found on the upper backs and legs.
    • Vijay was an older gentleman, large for his size with broad shoulders and a strong back.
    • They were leaning on each other's shoulders, with their backs to the tombstone.
    • Some protesters applied face and body paint while others attached angel wings to their backs.
    • After multiple grand adventures, the two finally settled down to eat their lunch with their backs resting against a fallen tree.
    • One way to do this is to place your baby in an upright position against your shoulder and pat his back gently.
    • He had huge shoulders and a broad back which tapered to an extraordinarily small waist.
    • Not only was his back pain a physical problem, it had stopped him working and meant his finances were low.
    • All healthy babies under 1 year old should sleep on their backs.
    • At times I was unable to walk and had severe pain in the lower back, neck and shoulders all the time.
    • If you get a bad back or do a shoulder in, they just want to give you the sack.
    • Through this great teacher I have learned how to keep my back free from pain.
    • The design of each chair inside the library is perfect for the rest of the back and the spinal cord.
    • Of the thousands of yoga postures, I'd like to recommend three that are good for backs and spines.
    • As they worked, no one complained of the pain in their backs or hands, but no one talked either.
    • I smiled, putting one hand on his shoulder and tapping the back of some tall guy in front of us.
    • Most of the local women harvest seaweed for which they bend at the waist for long hours with poor body posture, and the men also strain their backs working as fishermen or in construction.
    • Her long hair fell down her back and over her shoulders as she just stood almost as still as stone.
    • She did not think she had seen him touching or stroking the small of the back or shoulders.
    • Women wear long cotton or woolen scarves that cover their heads, ears, backs, and shoulders.
    1. 1.1 The upper surface of an animal's body that corresponds to a person's back.
      Example sentencesExamples
      • I wonder who can tell me what you would call that ugly animal with a great big hump on its back that is condemned to live in a desert.
      • The bees have wonderful habits, including a trick to keep warm: they have hairs on their backs and gather together so that the hairs form a kind of duvet over them.
      • They are similar to large mousetraps and are designed to break the back of an animal.
      • Males grow humped backs and hooked jaws, and females keep their sleeker shape.
      • They get their name from the large numbers of thorns or spines evident on the back and tail.
      • By analogy with modern amphipods it is thought that these animals may have swum on their backs and fed on suspended particles.
      • The beetles' backs are covered with bumps - under a microscope, they resemble a landscape of peaks and valleys.
      • Fences were put up, but shelter and feed were lacking; during the harsh winters, snow would pile high on the animals' backs.
      • High above, two sea eagles swoop and dive, the light flashing bronze tints off their backs.
      • Their backs are covered with spots larger and farther apart than those on the head.
      • Pangolins are conspicuous and remarkable because their backs are covered with large, overlapping scales made up of agglutinated hairs.
      • It contains venom in the spines on its back and so a person can be stung by inadvertently stepping on it.
      • However the caps of Chestnut-backs are brown rather than black, and their backs, shoulders, and sides are a deep chestnut color.
    2. 1.2 The spine of a person or animal.
      （人或动物的）脊骨，脊柱
      Example sentencesExamples
      • MacManaway diagnosed a trapped nerve in the middle of her back and manipulated her spine to ease the pain.
      • While the accident left her with a broken back and severed spine, it did not stifle her sense of adventure.
      • Tests showed that he had broken a vertebrae in his back and cracked a rib and will be out for several weeks at least.
      • He was placed on a spine board after damaging his back, neck and head in the crash.
      • He had cracked three vertebrae in his back but has been told he will make a full recovery.
      • I thought at the very least I must have broken my back, the pain was that bad.
      Synonyms
      spine, backbone, spinal column, vertebral column
    3. 1.3 The part of a chair against which the sitter's back rests.
      椅背
      Example sentencesExamples
      • He looked around the small room and found his jacket and shirt draped over the back of a chair.
      • Learn to tie fanciful bows or just tie a simple bow to the backs of dining chairs, around stemware or around your silverware.
      • Ample walnut chairs had high backs and were painted, finished a mecca, or left in the natural walnut color.
      • Place a dining chair with its back against the wall to give you a firm base.
      • The large, single room is cleverly broken up into small sections by folding screens and even the chairs have carved backs featuring Chinese scenes.
      • Their legs were tucked up in front of them, and their arms rested over the back of the chair.
      • His ancestors were cobblers but diversified into making vividly embroidered leather bags, wallets and chair backs.
      • Handbags, mobile phones on tables, coats on backs of chairs are all easy pickings for light-fingered thieves.
      • Still nobody had offered to take our coats, so we draped them over the back of the chairs.
      • Cuyler's furniture ranges from chairs with flowers for backs to stools with the child's name painted on them.
      • Actors love sitting on tables for the same reason they love gripping the backs of chairs - it makes them look more relaxed on stage.
      • The restaurant has heavy starched white linen tablecloths and huge antique Siamese chairs with mother-of-pearl inlaid backs.
      • Still, even for the rich, chair backs were straight and clothes were tight because politeness mattered more than comfort.
      • Friends and family bound into the house, tracking in mud or snow, stashing coats in already overstuffed closets or heaping them over the backs of chairs.
      • You may put your arms out in front of you or hold the back of a sturdy chair for balance.
      • She rested her upper arms along the backs of the chair, resting her head against one hand.
      • When the sun becomes strong in summer, people can simply swivel so that they are shaded from it by the chair backs.
      • He has poured himself a glass of champagne and put his arm around her, resting his hand on the back of her wooden chair.
      • The jacket is on the back of the chair and the security pass lies on the desk next to piles of paperwork.
      • The walls were plastered in expensive paintings and the couches were long and fancy with wooden arm rests and intricately carved backs.
    4. 1.4 The part of a garment that covers a person's back.
      （衣服的）背面
      Example sentencesExamples
      • He had a ring in left eyebrow, and wore jeans and a grey anorak with writing on the back.
      • Sleek low backs look good, but they can make you feel exposed and uncomfortable.
      • The offensive slogan is written is written in letters six inches high on the back of the garment.
      • In the second, he wore a fluorescent yellow jacket with security written across the back.
      • Take the dresses as examples: From the front they were basic, flowing dresses, but the backs were cut low in an elegant way.
      • For evening, the collection is a procession of gathers, plunging necklines and backs, irregular lines.
      • Bowlers involved will wear sponsor logos on their shirt backs and right sleeves.
      • His eyes widen in fear and surprise, and then he strides round the empty house with it tucked into the back of his jeans.
      • With low backs and plunging necklines, this fashion has become more and more popular among teenagers and adults alike and local swimwear stores say sales are booming.
    5. 1.5 A person's back regarded as carrying a load or bearing an imposition.
      （人的）背；身体（就负重或承担不便而言）
      they wanted the government off their backs
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Who wouldn't like the chance to get the boss off their backs?
      • The one thing Reagan was right about is that there are areas where we should get the Federal government off our backs.
      • In general terms, Reagan pledged to return, or advance, to a free market and to ‘get government off our backs.’
      • They just wanted people to get off their backs and so they did something fast.
      • We are committed to getting Nanny State off our backs, out of our pockets and out of our lives!
      • Vote to get government off our backs.
      • The bank are on their back, and it would be prudent not to deny the possibility of a quick sale at the right price.
      • I mean, I guess she's still meddling, but at least she's off our backs.
      • They'd be happy to get him off their backs.
      • And it can be difficult to let it roll off our backs when someone is nasty or ignorant.
      • Of course the others had figured out that there was something between us again pretty quickly but we'd managed to keep the media off our backs.
      • We had worked hard for two years to get them off our backs.
      • They wanted the state off their backs and the enlargement of civil society in the sense of those institutions and practices that were not the responsibility of the state.
      • And I think they're starting to work together as a coalition now, to get these guys off their backs.
      • It was council's decision at the time that put this burden on my back and the backs of my neighbors.
      • They have told their neighbours to get off their backs.
      • We went to a nearby restaurant and ate our fill and we were making the most noise cheering and laughing away for our massive success and the great load off our backs.
      • Tonight, is it enough to get the paparazzi off their backs?
      • Get off their backs, and get the rest of the gurus and government know-alls off their backs at the same time.
      • Perhaps, we should endure this meeting once to get your mother off our backs about it.

  • 2The side or part of something that is away from the spectator or from the direction in which it moves or faces; the rear.

    背面，反面；后面

    at the back of the hotel is a secluded garden

    酒店的后面是一个静僻的花园。

    an empty spot in the back of the plane
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Young children have also been putting their lives at risk by hanging on the back of fire engines while they are on the move.
    • He moved out and bought a rundown place in the town centre round the back of the station.
    • There could even be room for a modest theme park at the back of the site, so family fun would be assured.
    • The main bedroom is at the back of the house and has two sash windows and an 18th century pine fireplace.
    • I move to the back of the room, sitting against the wall and staring at the cute cow.
    • If it needs changing after qualifying starts, the driver will be moved to the back of the grid.
    • When this failed they moved around to the back and tried to unsuccessfully open the kitchen window.
    • He quickly moved to the back of the tour bus where we were sitting and spoke softly.
    • With the radiator out of the way now it was time to move on to the back of the truck and the motherboard mounting.
    • A more streamlined car would have six small wheels, two at the front and four powered at the back.
    • The bus is practically empty, so they move to the back as the bus lurches forwards.
    • Sulkily, the publicist moves to the back of the bar but Sinclair is still scowling.
    • Then he stands up and moves to the back of the room, by the door they come in and out of.
    • She swiftly moved to the back of the car, making sure that there was no one behind to see them.
    • There are residential facilities, but most pitch a tent on land at the back of the centre.
    • The supermodel and her companion then stood up and moved to the back of the bar.
    • The night was such a success that spectators paid to stand at the back of the hall after all the seats were filled.
    • Residents are kept up till late at night and people like my neighbour have to move to the back of their houses to get sleep.
    • He's certainly made a big move from the back of the pack, and is looking more like a winner.
    • Charlton and Pegg said they weren't taking any chances and moved to the back of the plane.
    Synonyms
    rear, rear side, other side
    end, tail end, rear end, tail, far end
    1. 2.1in singular The position directly behind someone or something.
      背后；正后方
      she unbuttoned her dress from the back

      她从背后解开连衣裙纽扣。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • They had the solace of having the driving wind at their back for the second period and went about reducing the deficit with considerable urgency.
      • Try to fish with the breeze at your back so that your bait gradually drifts away from you and towards the fish.
      • Hearts were now surging forward with a strong wind at their back and they swept further into the lead six minutes later.
      • At least for the last four or five miles today the wind was at our back.
      • You just can't go out and not perform in the first half in an All-Ireland semi-final and that's what we did with the wind at our back.
      • Three wins at their back, they'll fear no one next time out.
      • The moon was at their back, and the enemy used mortar-fire, Very lights and fire-bombs, setting the corn alight.
      • Liverpool had that same feeling last season, and it helps to have a bit of luck and the wind at your back.
      • We did the interview, and then I saw his eyes widen, and I felt a presence at my back.
      • Walking into the wind is much more difficult and painful than walking with the wind at your back.
      • We would have paddled farther yesterday with the wind at our back but we were all wet and tired and ready for some rest.
    2. 2.2 The side or part of an object opposed to the one that is normally seen or used; the less active, visible, or important part of something.
      背面；反面；隐蔽面
      write on the back of a postcard

      写在明信片的背面。

      he wiped his mouth with the back of his hand
      Example sentencesExamples
      • When police examined his car, left on the motorway, they found a note written on the back of a bus timetable.
      • I felt a sharp pain in the back of my leg which got much worse when I fell down.
      • I wanted to surprise my friend Chris with a postcard and I knew what I wanted to write on the back.
      • It sent a sympathetic, shivery rush from my spine to the backs of my knees.
      • Information about threatened animals turns up on toy packaging or the backs of cereal boxes, even in children's songs.
      • Scrub all surfaces, including the backs of your hands, wrists, between your fingers and under your fingernails.
      • Some of the messages written on the back of the tulip postcards are so sweet and encouraging.
      • How about reaching back over your shoulder and touching the back of your neck?
      • Each star was dedicated to someone and messages of remembrance were written on the back.
      • First, all three of these are great exercises for firming up the backs of your upper arms.
      • I have a series of photos of the family that I like very much because someone wrote on the backs of them describing the subject and where the photo was taken.
      • Name and age should be written on the back, with a contact address and home telephone number.
      • Inside was a thick stack of 8x10s. Lipton looked through the stack slowly, reading the notes he had written on the backs of each photo.
      • He thinks his day rucksack saved his life, protecting his spine and the back of his neck during the fall.
      Synonyms
      reverse, reverse side, other side, underside

  • 3A player in a field game whose initial position is behind the front line.

    （团队运动中的）卫

    their backs showed some impressive running and passing
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Too many times, the defensive backs simply hit players and seem to be hoping they will fail.
    • Great ball handling skills from backs and forwards alike resulted in a full back scoring a try in the corner, a move which saw Town go the full length of the field in three tackles.
    • But don't be surprised if the team passes on defensive backs in the first round and takes a wide receiver.
    • The Browns have played much more cover - 2 than in years past, and the team's defensive backs have responded very well.
    • Now it's paying off… The team's defensive backs struggled against Philadelphia.
    • But he's also been one of the most inconsistent defensive backs in the league.
    • After the restart, gaps were beginning to open on both sides with only a wet ball and lack of game time preventing the backs from both teams putting on a show.
    • There was some good inter-passing between backs and forwards.
    • His 17.9-yard average per catch gets the undivided attention of defensive backs around the league.
    • He also included some first team backs who held the key to the result since the forwards were reasonably well matched.
    • In the first two games, the defensive backs seemed indecisive, perhaps the result of playing off receivers.
    • He invited Lewis to join the team's defensive backs for happy hour every Friday at a local restaurant.
    • Now he's not even on the field when the team uses seven defensive backs.
    • It they stay put, the Saints will eye a wide receiver or defensive end because the draft is thin for defensive backs, the team's primary need.
    • He still can shadow the game's best receivers and is an excellent role model for the team's young defensive backs.
    • For the past two games, the defensive backs have smothered opposing receivers, which in turn has helped the suddenly resurgent pass rush.
    • He can get behind defensive backs, but he is very good at catching a quick hitch, breaking tackles and making a big play.
    • The team's defensive backs no longer are being picked on.
    • He started well and looked on for an early score as both backs and forwards took the game to Tigers.
    • Communication between corners and safeties needs to improve, and the team is using defensive backs that don't complement each other.
    Synonyms
    full back, sweeper
adverbbakbæk

  • 1Toward the rear; in the opposite direction from the one that one is facing or traveling.

    向后地

    she moved back a pace

    她向后退了一步。

    she walked away without looking back

    她头也不回地走掉了。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • With that said Duncan pushed back his chair with a loud scrape and left the room with long strides.
    • Is it not better to take one step in the right direction than two back into destruction.
    • Nichole was jerked back towards Tristan as he grabbed the wrist on her other arm.
    • He closed more of the distance, pushed me so that there was no room to move back.
    • The foreshortened platform encouraged the actors to move back toward the scenic area of the stage.
    • Fifty minutes of the interview have elapsed and Eddie Jordan has pushed back his chair and jumped to his feet.
    • He told the room in general, and pushed his chair back, clearing his place at the table.
    Synonyms
    backwards, behind one, to one's rear, rearwards
    1. 1.1 Expressing movement of the body into a reclining position.
      向后仰（或靠）地
      he leaned back in his chair

      他身体向后仰坐在椅子里。

      sit back and relax

      靠着椅背坐，放松。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • It was there that I found him, leaning back in his chair, one foot propped on Connie's lap.
      • Steve sat down again and leaned back in his chair, tucking his hands behind his balding head.
      • Some camped it up, some got sleazy, others sat very far back in their cushions paralysed with fear.
      • I smiled at Josh as he leaned back into his chair, hands crossed behind his head.
      • Have him lean back in a comfortable chair or suggest he lie down in the bedroom.
      • Rankin leans back in his seat in the club canteen after training and extols the team spirit at his new home.
      • Pouring himself a glass of juice, he reclined back in the dining chair and sipped at his drink.
      • It permitted him to relax, lean back in the big comfortable seat and watch the scenery go by.
      • I lean back in my chair like a director and order the most fattening food I've had in weeks.
      • Kan leaned back against his office chair and crossed both feet at the corner of his desk.
      • I lean back in my chair, feet up on the edge of the table and give the paper a flick.
      • With a bit of a sigh she sat down at the base of a tree and leaned back against the trunk.
      • She leaned back in her chair and propped her feet into the basket under the chair in front of her.
      • He leans back, the point made, obviously feeling the figures speak for themselves.
      • The job was done in reasonably quick order and I leaned back to relax, panic over.
      • With my neck craned back, I can count the screws in the shelves on the far side of the room.
      • I don the headset, close my notebook, turn off the overhead light and lean back to enjoy the movie.
      • He sits down at the head of the long board table, leans back and lights a large Cohiba cigar.
      • After he had got the car on the highway, he relaxed, closing his eyes and leaning back.
      • As the link screen went blank, Van Tonder leaned back in his chair and sighed deeply.
      • There was nothing to do but sit very still on the perfect settee without leaning back so as not to dent it.
    2. 1.2 At a distance away.
      在远处
      I thought you were miles back

      我原以为你在几英里远的地方。

      the officer pushed the crowd back
      Example sentencesExamples
      • Within half an hour traffic tailed back 10 miles as far back as the West Yorkshire border.
      • It may be best to make the type very large and to sit far back from the screen.
      • Cars were slowly working through the single lane open, and traffic queued back in each direction.
      • I can see four or five rigids a few miles back thermalling up at my level and a couple higher.
      • He had left the village some miles back and was deep in the English countryside now.
      • The queues stretched back in both directions for hundreds of years the whole time I was there.
      • At rush hour times, queues stretched back in the Braintree direction to the bypass roundabout.
      • Sam patted his back in fake sympathy before pushing back her chair to leave the table.
      • Shortly before dawn, the police began pushing back the crowd from the centre of the square.
      Synonyms
      away, at a distance
    3. 1.3back ofNorth American informal Behind.
      he knew that other people were back of him

      他知道其他人在他后面。

  • 2Expressing a return to an earlier or normal condition.

    回到先前的位置（或状况）；恢复正常

    she put the book back on the shelf

    她把书放回书架上。

    drive to Montreal and back

    开车去蒙特利尔又开回来。

    I went back to sleep

    我又睡着了。

    he was given his job back

    他复职了。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Three years later her weight is back to normal and she has started to rebuild her life.
    • Once back in the office they find themselves trapped in a cycle of long hours and sleepless nights.
    • He did not enjoy retirement at all so he loved being back in his normal daily routine.
    • I just know that if the girls hadn't been coming over I would have rolled over and gone back to sleep.
    • Once the floodwaters had peaked, it was still days before water levels were back to normal.
    • He also contacted the police once he got back to mainland Australia but was told they could not help.
    • I am afraid, but I am also relieved that we will be able to get our lives back to normal again.
    • Getting back to normal is the best thing I can hope for, but it'll be a different normal than it was before.
    • Miraculously all he seems to require is a quick hug and a kiss where he bumped his head and he goes straight back to sleep.
    • Once back in Paris, the unrecognized Napoleon sets about mounting his comeback.
    • According to one press report, a union lawyer told him that there was no way for him to get his job back.
    • They have faced five months of not knowing whether they would get their jobs back.
    • It is difficult to know, when, if ever, she can get her life back to normal.
    • Three months have passed and everything seems to have gone back to normal.
    • Her reading, writing and concentration are improving and her diet is virtually back to normal.
    • We note on the other hand that the applicant made it clear what he really wanted was his job back.
    • The secretary won her job back and the city has since been trying to do the same for its reputation.
    • It was the middle of February before he got back into normal training, he says.
    • Once back in the UK, it is usually possible to get things sorted out to our satisfaction.
    • Marcia is not interested in getting her job back, but wishes to warn others.
    1. 2.1 At a place previously left or mentioned.
      在原处
      the folks back home are counting on him

      家乡的人们现在都指望他了。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Meanwhile back in the real world Clive has published his new pamphlet.
      • Meanwhile, back at Castle Leslie, the lack of heat affected every aspect of how we lived.
      • We even went crawling back to our previous hovel but our beds had already been filled.
      • Meanwhile, back in Kansas Ananova has pictures of the world's most expensive shoes.
      • Wouldn't it be a good thing for the folks back home to be told this?
      • Certainly, once our emotions landed back to earth, we felt we should have won the game by more.
      • Meanwhile, back in the ring, Ferguson has come round and slowly stumbles to his feet.
      • The good folks back home would never know the difference.
      • Meanwhile back at the London press conference, reactions were a little more muted.
      • What is certain is that it will be very hard for the three men to slip back into their previous lives.
      • So they never actually see just how stupefyingly dull this sport can be for the folks back home.
      • Meanwhile back in reality Kate, Locke and Michael have decided to brave the forest to hunt for food.
      • Meanwhile, back at the camp Sara sat in her tent and ran her fingers through her hair.
    2. 2.2 Fashionable again.
      再度流行
      sideburns are back

      短连鬓胡子再度流行起来。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Then we were in a band called Flared Generation, where we tried to bring flares back into fashion.
      • Now we live in a more crowded, environmentally aware age and trains are back in fashion.
      • Flat caps are back in fashion, you know!
      • We are trying to make the point that fur is never going to be back in fashion.
      • Nowhere else in Scotland has exploded back into fashion like the Park area of Glasgow.
      • First time round it was terribly trendy, but it's horrific that it's actually back in fashion.
      • Small companies, where many a retail punter likes to invest, are also back in fashion.
      • Today tying the knot is back in fashion, although the ceremony is as likely to take place in a stately home as a church.

  • 3In or into the past.

    在过去；回到过去

    he made his fortune back in 1955

    早在1955年他就发了财。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Many times, historical fiction does the best job of leading the mind's eye back to past monarchs.
    • When Grant first conceived the film project a decade back he wrote to her.
    • The dead of the recent Boer War and all the wars back to Waterloo and beyond became figures of the past.
    • Go back a few years and past examples of new indices and trackers don't inspire much confidence either.
    • It is pretty poor not to get a response to an MP's letter that was written back in December.
    • I went there once a couple years back, and had pretty much the same encounter.
    • Then last Friday they delivered a bunch of letters and packages some dating back to the past two years.
    • Now, does anyone have any objection to my doing what I mentioned a few posts back?
    • A few weeks back I mentioned this to Tom Smith and asked whether Williams had changed his ways.
    • In the centre is a minuscule island housing a former monastery which dates back to the ninth century.
    • That was just a fortune to me back in the 1960s, so for a week or so I was a high roller.
    • They want to get off the sales cycle and return to the glorious past that existed back at the dawn of the computing age.
    • I think I may have heard him speak once, back then, but I don't remember it too clearly.

  • 4In return.

    作为答复（或回报）

    they wrote back to me

    他们给我回了信。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Mowbray sometimes barks at Burley on the training ground, but the manager smiles back.
    • I stood up and smiled back, gave Jim a nod and calmly began to make my way over to the exit.
    • I invited him to visit us but he wrote back very nicely to say he couldn't come just at the moment.
    • He sent the publisher a letter asking for a real contract and the publisher never wrote back.
    • He must've thought I was grinning at him, so he smiled back and even gave me a little wave.
    • Michele wrote back and said that she would be delighted to attend the prize-giving.
    • He wrote back agreeing it was a serious matter and would keep me informed as plans developed.
    • He wrote back and said he hopes that they hear from me as the inquiry progresses.
    • She smiled back at him, as he brought her hands to his lips and kissed her knuckles gently.
    • She smiles, I smile back, pick up the red wine I've bought her, and we make our way to a table.
    • Since I had, as usual, gone to almost obsessive lengths to get my facts right, I wrote back.
    • It made the heart strings go just watching her and seeing her smile back at me.
    • I waved at her just as she looked up from her task and she smiled and waved back.
    • He replied simply as he smiled at me which caused me to give a slight smile back at him.
    • We wrote back and gave them our correct address, and invited them to drop by whenever was convenient.
    • I wrote back and asked if he was still married, or if he'd grown out of that phase, but got no reply.
    • I want to shout back but I just smile from under my umbrella and carry on up the street.
    • I smiled back at him, a little confused, but followed the direction of his gaze.
    • You find it very hard to follow my letter, yet you somehow found the time to write me back.
    • So I emailed him the whole idea and he wrote back saying he wanted to read the script.
verbbakbæk

  • 1with object Give financial, material, or moral support to.

    （经济、物质或道德上）支持

    he had a newspaper empire backing him

    他有一个报纸王国在支持他。

    go up there and tell them—I'll back you up

    去那儿告诉他们，我会支持你。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the supporters who over the years have backed the team and personally showed me much kindness and loyalty.
    • Added to this, the movie was shot largely on location in Ireland, with American money backing an Australian actor.
    • In all presidential elections but one since 1900, Missouri has backed the winning candidate.
    • This has led to a price war and regional airlines, which are backed by strong financing, are able to offer cheaper tickets than domestic airlines.
    • By giving them two years to improve - backed by financial and practical help - more than 750 failing schools were turned around.
    • Having been backed with government finance since its genesis two years ago funding has been secured for the next two years.
    • Against the odds he set up the choir, financially backed by Manchester city council.
    • But most union locals active in the race backed Ryan.
    • And the Executive has still not committed to backing the project financially.
    • Such appeals, backed by suitable financial compensation, can be very effective.
    • He was a protégé and friend until he backed a rival in the 1995 presidential race.
    • Each account was backed by the financial integrity of the U. S. Government.
    • He is now a professional triathlete with 11 major sponsors backing him.
    • The truth is that we have cash in the bank, that first 8.0 sales are looking fantastic, and we are backed by our investors.
    • And now that the City of Toronto is officially and financially backing a study of green roofs, Toronto may finally be able to get a leg up in the market.
    • They will not nominate her but may consider backing her if she manages to enter the race.
    • In total 19 financial firms in the UK have backed the fund and pledged to match their employees' donations, pound for pound.
    • The US, Britain and other Western powers backed the group financially and militarily.
    • Besides financial backing, he believes that amateur boxers need the service of a psychologist to keep them level-headed.
    • At least 37 newspapers backed the president.
    Synonyms
    sponsor, finance, put up the money for, fund, subsidize, underwrite, promote, lend one's name to, be a patron of, act as guarantor of, support
    support, endorse, sanction, approve of, give one's blessing to, smile on, favour, advocate, promote, uphold, champion
    support, stand by, give one's support to, side with, be on someone's side, take someone's side, take someone's part
    1. 1.1 Supplement in order to reinforce or strengthen.
      增援（以加强）
      U.S. troops were backed up by forces from European countries

      美国部队得到了欧洲国家部队的增援。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Political stability is maintained through the maintenance of social stability, backed by the threat or use of force should it break down.
      • When dealing with a brutal regime, diplomacy must be backed by credible force.
      • Every law, edict, ruling, decree, or regulation that a government issues is backed by the threat of physical force - even to the point of killing whoever does not obey it.
      • Papua New Guinea troops, backed by Australian logistical support, put down the insurrection.
      • It was supported globally and was backed by RoadPeace, the national charity for road traffic victims.
      • The instruction was backed by veiled threats that their careers would be at risk if they did not comply.
      • Therefore he adopted a strategy of diplomacy backed with the threat of military force if required.
      • But I believe the resolutions must be backed with the credible threat of military action.
      • More than 30,000 troops have been massed in the region backed by 23 naval vessels, warplanes, tanks, armoured vehicles and artillery.
      • However, these statements were general in nature and were not backed by material evidence to support them.
      • Public education campaigning and enforcement, backed by industry support, has made drink driving unacceptable.
      • Legal norms are generally backed by threats, which can ultimately be carried out by the state in its police role.
      • And backed by this powerful strength we can accomplish achievements beyond our expectations.
      • India's military strength, backed by a nuclear deterrent, is growing.
      • All of the information had been vetted, supported, and backed by at least three sources.
      • He has simply got on with the job and his district have built a firm and vocal support base backed by intelligent marketing.
      • Penetrating social analysis, backed by concrete examples, is the pamphlet's strength.
      • This supplement is built on science and backed by results.
      • That is, there is no such thing as a law, administrative ruling, edict, decree, or government order of any kind that is not backed by the threat to use physical force to compel obedience to it.
      • He also said the ‘old doctrine of deterrence’ was no longer enough and United Nations resolutions must now be backed by the threat of military force.
      • There is a lot of consensus in Zambia about the need to woo investment and induce growth in the economy, but this must be backed with concrete support measures.
    2. 1.2 Be in favor of.
      赞成，赞同
      over 97 percent backed the changes
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The questionnaire showed 48 per cent of those surveyed backed the plan to test both types of vehicles over three years of age every six months.
      • More than sixty percent of California voters backed Proposition 36.
      • On Monday the finance and general purposes committee backed a suggestion from the former mayor that a list of all of the council's valuable possessions should be drawn up.
      • The next favourite option for improving the town centre was building a new library, which 22 per cent of people backed.
      • As for the issue in general, an ABC / Washington Post poll found that only 17 percent of respondents backed the proposal.
      • The estate could now see a new pub or licensed social club after almost 90 percent of residents backed the idea.
      • Editorials in local newspapers backed the charter.
      • But 99 per cent of those who backed the idea said they would like to see the regional assembly located in York.
      • The GMB union said today 53 per cent backed industrial action.
      • In a CNN viewers poll 80 percent said they backed his decision to place the state on alert.
      • Nevertheless, 70 percent of teachers backed the strike.
      • The ban on smoking in pubs, backed by 70 percent of the population, is indicative of this.
      • Voters in California backed a $6bn measure aimed at financing stem cell research, an initiative flying in the face of White House opposition to the science.
      • The union announced that its 270,000 members had backed strikes by 67 per cent which could mean stoppages at courts across the district.
      • During consultation, more than 80 per cent of respondents backed the scheme.
      • Eighty-five per cent of voters backed plans to split the co-operative into two new entities - a processor co-op and a supply co-op.
      • The newspaper series is backing a campaign to ban the sale of monster fireworks to the public.
      • The council put out a questionnaire to 2,600 residents and road users about the roundabout and 90 per cent backed it.
      • A recent poll found that 62 percent of Spaniards backed the legislation.
      • But in a newspaper poll earlier this week, only 28 per cent of voters questioned backed the Tories.
    3. 1.3 (in popular music) provide musical accompaniment to (a singer or musician)
      （尤指流行音乐中）为（歌手，音乐家）伴奏
      brisk guitar work backed by drums, bass, fiddle, and accordion
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The music business is bolstered by thousands of musicians backing more popular performers.
      • Wouldn't it have been good to see Starr backing Sir Paul McCartney at Hyde Park?
      • The bizarre inventions featured in the series have been assembled into a seven-minute featurette and backed with narration and music.
      • This track's got it all: rhythmic, sharp guitar riffs backed by pounding kick drum and throbbing bass - and the cowbell!
      • The recorded narration begins, a booming voice backed with dramatic music; all in French.
      • They backed a singer called Johnny Gentle in 1960 at Alloa town hall, the Shea stadium of the northeast.
      • The other side of Cuban music was the romantic ballads of people like Beny Moré - florid, sentimental stories backed by the sensual music of Oriente.
      • The focus of Low Kick And Hard Bop is the harmonizing of vocals backed by an electronic-tinged music.
      • Mariah Carey and Neil Young were backed by gospel singers and Alicia Keys was joined by several gospel stars.
      • Yep, aggressive lyrics and guitar riffs, all backed by the trademark thumping drums, with only moments of calm to provide a respite from the headbanging.
      • The album also features a sentimental speech by Ozzy Osbourne, and a spoken-word by the late Strait, about addiction, backed with very melancholic music.
      • Central Band's rhythm section also backed singer/songwriter Drew McAlister and the horn section joined in with The Choirboys.
      Synonyms
      play a musical accompaniment for, play with, play for, support
    4. 1.4 Bet money on (a person or animal) winning a race or contest.
      赌（参加比赛的人或动物）赢
      he backed the horse at 33–1

      他以33赔1赌那匹马赢。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • We all backed her and obviously had a very quiet night after she romped home at 14-1!
      • You may have been a great gambler but you've backed the wrong horse this time.
      • There are so many ways of losing a race, and if someone has backed a horse to lose, in order to ‘throw’ that race you only have to ‘fix’ one horse.
      • I don't have a huge understanding of the markets and would consider it akin to backing a horse.
      • For most of us, picking an investment fund is like backing a horse.
      • It takes the pressure off and you can be more selective about which races you back horses in.
      • You can always back a horse trained by Johnston in the knowledge that it is there to try and win
      • Those who had backed him, and there were plenty, were never in any real doubt.
      • For the overwhelming majority it is harmless fun on a par with backing a horse in the Grand National.
      • Before the National, our co-worker e-mailed his friend to say he was backing a horse to win the Grand National as a tribute to his girl.
      • I didn't back him in the Irish Derby, but at those odds on Saturday, he was an unbelievable bet.
      • I saw Kris Kin win at Chester and backed him after that for the Derby at 20-1.
      • Then again, no horse as won the Melbourne Cup two years in a row, and I backed the winning horse this year.
      • If you back the wrong horse at the start of the race, as any bookmaker will tell you, your chances of gaining a favourable return are slim.
      • But no one much is backing him to land the title - at 33/1 that seems batty to me.
      • On that occasion, the 25-year-old Morley was backing the Bulls.
      • It gives viewers good idea of the factors that go into backing successful racehorses
      • Some owners won't put girls up on horses, and some people wouldn't back a horse with a girl riding.
      • Backing the wrong horse is no disgrace, providing you had good reason to put your money on it.
      • I backed him last year when he won, so I stayed with him this year.
      • Punters believing the flashy chestnut son of Lord Ballina to be as unbeatable as Sunline backed him in to just short of odds-on favorite.
      Synonyms
      bet on, place a bet on, gamble on, stake money on

  • 2with object Cover the back of (an object) in order to support, protect, or decorate it.

    给…装背衬

    a mirror backed with tortoiseshell

    以玳瑁作背衬的镜子。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Candlestick stems are topped with silk shades, wall lights are backed with Venetian mirrors and slender brass stems are capped by plated shades.
    • It was a tiny piece of glass backed with a layer of silver that was peeling in spots.
    • The large mirror was backed with silver.
    • This is a thin film that's been coated onto a flexible plastic material backed by a strong glue.
    Synonyms
    cover, put a lining in, put a backing on, interline, face, panel, inlay, reinforce, encase

  • 3no object, with adverbial of direction Walk or drive backward.

    倒车；后退

    she tried to back away

    她想要朝后退。

    figurative the administration backed away from the plan
    with object he backed the Mercedes into the yard

    他把那辆梅塞德斯车倒进院子里。

    backing down the stairs
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Marle backed up and Gohan grabbed her arms as she backed into him.
    • The mayor said it was disappointing that the Government had backed away from the deal.
    • I backed away from the door, more frightened than comforted.
    • Today he backed away from that statement, saying he was misinformed by exit polls.
    • He started walking towards her and she backed away from him and left the room without realizing it.
    • Manufacturers have backed away from making flu vaccines simply because it isn't profitable.
    • The government has backed away from announcing changes to its controversial policy in a move that has angered both farming and green groups.
    • We backed away from the building as it collapsed, and I looked around at the others.
    • The government has backed away from its plans to decriminalise consensual sexual behaviour between teenagers.
    • He has rarely backed away from a challenge.
    • She backed away from him, walking a short distance away.
    • He was grinning and he immediately invaded her personal space, backing her against the locker beside hers.
    • The Government has backed away from imposing a total ban on 4x4 vehicles from the 6,000 year old Ridgeway trail.
    • Raiana slowly let go of Damon's arm, and backed to the side as King Dominic approached them.
    • Recently, however, the Government has backed away from its claims that the purpose of mandatory sentencing was to reduce crime.
    • Kiara slowly backed away from the door and walked towards her desk.
    • He moved around her and backed toward the left side of the room.
    • Tori glared daggers at him, and she looked so mad that his hands fell to his sides and he backed away in fear.
    • Forlock stretched out and backed against the the side of the wall.
    • A block away, he passed two men sitting in a car backed into a dirt side road.
    Synonyms
    reverse, drive backwards, move backwards
    draw back, step back, move away, back off, retreat, withdraw, pull back, give ground
    1. 3.1 (of the wind) change direction counterclockwise around the points of the compass.
      （风）逆时针转向
      the wind had backed to the northwest

      风向逆时针转为西北。VEER 1的反义词。

      The opposite of veer
      Example sentencesExamples
      • But when the wind is backed slightly towards the northwest the winds come over a longer stretch of the North Sea bringing more cloud.
      • With winds backing to the south and the southwest the fall-out from nuclear explosions would be driven into Afghanistan and China.
      Synonyms
      veer, alter, change, vary, fluctuate, turn, swing, change direction
    2. 3.2Sailing with object Put (a sail) aback in order to slow the vessel down.
      〔航海〕收（帆）
      Example sentencesExamples
      • The captain backs the vessel's huge dive platform up to the sites.
      • Hornblower watched as both ships backed the mainsails, turned the helm hard over, and took up the prescribed position.
      • With smooth proficiency, the trimmers backed the jib, and the mainsail was eased, swinging the bow around.

  • 4no object (of a property) have its back adjacent to (a piece of land or body of water)

    his garage wall backs onto the neighboring property

    他车库的墙背连着邻居家。

    a row of cottages backed on the water
    Example sentencesExamples
    • Police were called to the one-bedroomed property, which backs on to the city walls at Moatside Court, by neighbours complaining about a bad smell.
    • Demolition is planned for a disused printworks called the McCormick Building, which backs on to the Mas nightclub in Royal Exchange Square, in the centre of the city's shopping district.
    • Police say some of the homes have suffered up to a metre of flood water after a stream, which the area backs on to, broke its banks.
    • The counter appears longer and slightly lower and now backs on to a solid wall rather than the doorway into a mysterious treasure room as in the previous set up.
    • The firm wants to demolish the furniture centre and put up a horseshoe-shaped building facing Matalan and backing on to Drake Street.
    • The enclosure - an area of grass the size of a small room surrounded by a 3.5m-high wire fence backing on to a demountable building - had been purpose-built for Neil.
    • Just off the N11, about 5km from Bray, the house backs on to what is currently a building site, but will soon be home to Dun Laoghaire Golf Club.
    • Priciest of them - at £475,000-is a three-storey brick-built building backing on to the city walls.
    • The site, which backs on to two residential streets, is also worrying residents who say the area is an eyesore and has become a breeding ground for rats.
    1. 4.1usually be backedwith object Lie behind or at the back of.
      在…后面
      the promenade is backed by lots of cafes

      在海滨人行道后面有很多咖啡馆。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • The Camai stage in the school gym was backed with six large panels decorated with masks and sculptures.
      • We went to the south, which I found very gracious, with its beautiful beaches backed by mountains covered with tea and spice plantations.
      • The highlight of the gig was Superhero Music, backed with fantastic visuals on the cinema screen - the tune whisks you off to another world.
    2. 4.2 Put a song or piece of music on the less important side of (a recording)
      收录在（录制品）的次要面；附带收录进（录制品）
      the new single is backed with a track from the LP

      这张新单曲里附带收录了LP唱片里的一首歌。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • For the purists and strays who like to compare remix treatments with the originals, this is backed by the original album version.
adjectivebakbæk

  • 1Of or at the back of something.

    （在）后面的

    the back garden

    后（花）园。

    the back pocket of his jeans

    他牛仔裤的后袋。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • The first thing I am going to do is tear up the back driveway and plant grass to finish out the rear lawn.
    • The master bedroom is painted in cream and has great views of the colourful back garden.
    • Varying amounts of the poison have been thrown into the back gardens of some of the houses.
    • No doubt he steered clear of the back garden view as night fell on Caledonian Stadium.
    • When the rain started coming down, the back garden just filled up and started seeping into the house.
    • When I reserved back, they threw a big rock out of my garden through the back window.
    • About 5 years ago I had some doors made for my house to lead out to the back garden.
    • The boys have dyed hair, keychains dangling from their back pockets and black nail polish.
    • The family's new drive became a mudbath and water seeped through the house and garage into the back garden.
    • The suspects took the second victim's mobile phone from his back pocket before fleeing.
    • We need a fourth bedroom, an office, a downstairs toilet, a bigger back garden and a driveway.
    • I was just passing by the main bedroom when this dark figure shot past me towards the back bedroom.
    • There were orchards along the terrace and we had a back garden with trees and a view of the River Dodder.
    • Even on Sundays, people would be looking at cars and have full view into our back garden.
    • You hesitate for a few seconds and your new friend Bob starts fumbling in his back pocket.
    • Your back garden is full of majestic redwood trees, towering high above you.
    • Mr Coen had been thrown to the rear of the cab and partially out the back window.
    • Mrs Gaspar grabbed at her arm as she ran past her and out onto the back verandah.
    • It was my mum who introduced me to gardening, even if it was something as simple as pottering in the back garden.
    • Basically, it pays to read the back label if you want an idea of how it's going to taste.
    • The man then remembered he had a ticket in his back pocket that had been through the wash a few times.
    • Your back garden may well not be a public place by the legal definition.
    Synonyms
    rear
    end, hind, hindmost, rearmost
    dorsal, posterior
    1. 1.1 Situated in a remote or subsidiary position.
      边远的；偏僻的
      back roads

      偏僻的小路。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • He claimed there was a lack of urgency to tackle safety problems on the A64 and also local back roads.
      • That was when I realised that it is a long, steady rise from the back road across the fen to our village.
      • Mr Wilkins had to use back roads to get home from the market where he had been doing his shopping.
      • There are dozens of tech success stories hidden down back roads all over the country.
      • There are many little back roads and alleyways that are usually used as shortcuts into the town centre.
      • The back road between Earby and Lothersdale was clogged with struggling vehicles.
      • This space is a maze of back roads, a pattern of small hills, fine houses and pretty little villages.
      • A back road took us through Rudland, a name most associated with the nearby Rudland Rigg.
      • Local people know how to get there down the back roads because they are looking for it but passing traffic is missing it.
      • Soon we reached Elm Ledge, a very quiet back road that offers an easy shortcut route.
      • They approached the side road that took them around to the back entrance.
      • She had found Rissa stranded out on the back roads of Bennett at the age of three.
      • I've ambled down quiet back roads where tiny children laugh their way home from school.
      • This is the back road from Old Byland to Hawnby that is closed at the moment at a ford.
      • From a length of back road we could see tributaries splashing down through woods.
      • The drivers go down the back road and use their air brakes, pressing their horns all the way down to the bottom.
      • A full moon lit their way as they slipped down a back road and slit the chain-link fence with bolt cutters.
      • Double yellow lines to be introduced in some back roads to improve access to properties
      • They rode in silence most of the way to his house, until they reached the back road that lead to his home.
      • He walked westward and out of the village by the back way to avoid the Roman sentry on the road.

  • 2(especially of wages or something published or released) from or relating to the past.

    （尤指薪水、出版物或发行物）过去的

    she was owed back pay

    她被拖欠薪水。

    Example sentencesExamples
    • It has to be applied for and if left longer than three months after the retirement birthday, no back pay will be given.
    • Registration books and all the back registration to pay are a few of the hassles.
    • The bus drivers union organized the job action to demand back pay owed to the drivers.
    • They must pay off their back tax and show that the vehicles are properly insured before they can be driven away.
    Synonyms
    past, old, previous, earlier, former, out of date

  • 3Directed toward the rear or in a reversed course.

    向后的；相反的

    back currents

  • 4Phonetics
    (of a sound) articulated at the back of the mouth.

    〔语音〕（音）后位的；舌后的

    Example sentencesExamples
    • Back vowels have their name because the sound resonates at the back of the mouth.
    • Canadian back vowels are pronounced with the tongue bunched slightly.
    • Finnish is well known for possessing a front-back vowel harmony system.

Phrases

  • at someone's back

    • In pursuit or support of someone.

      追求；支持（某人）

      Example sentencesExamples
      • ‘I've got the will of the people at my back,’ he said at the moment of victory.
      • I just jumped down into this crevice, behind this big boulder and then there's a god almighty ‘bang’ as the forth RPG comes in at my back.
      • Now that I've got the will of the people at my back, I'm going to start enforcing the one-question rule.
      • You get the ball and you give it straight away as you have a man at your back.
      • The country is secure, no longer having its neighbor's tank armies and radical nationalist influence at its back.

  • back and forth

    • To and fro.

      来回地

      Example sentencesExamples
      • We walked over to the Liverpool fans, a ball was thrown over the fence and we kicked it back and forth with them.
      • When you move your eyes quickly back and forth and read a book you have an emotional response and imagery.
      • The three high clerics looked at each other, leaning over to whisper thoughts back and forth.
      • The best way to involve a reader is to start at the beginning of a story and go on to the end, and not whizz back and forth.
      • They held a conversation that was made up entirely of subtle expressions passed back and forth.
      • Mrs Holmes says so many lorries come back and forth that it can be dangerous walking through the area.
      • Radio messages flew back and forth to Moscow asking what to do before the situation was resolved.
      • The chapters move back and forth over time, but in the masterly hands of Littell this is not a problem.
      • It works just fine - you can easily bring the tone up and down by moving your hand back and forth.
      • Ms. Keagan's mom looked from her son to Trey, then back and forth again several times.
      • We go back and forth like this until one of us gets bored or offended by what the other said.
      • I sat on the floor and rocked back and forth, crying until he called out to me.
      • Both had to hold onto the shaky rails as they headed down, for the ship was swaying back and forth with the waves.
      • It clouded over while I showered and then flipped back and forth between sunny and gloomy.
      • Cars were parked everywhere and everyone was rushing back and forth, in and out of the driveway.
      • Endless recounts saw power shift back and forth between the Tory and Labour groups.
      • He drives back and forth at night in order to spend two full days with Jeremy on each visit.
      • The football was frantic and in the stands the chants bounced back and forth.
      • She wanted to see the horse in his true magnificence, to rock back and forth on his broad back.
      • Having the team split between the two buildings meant they had to go back and forth between the two.
      Synonyms
      from place to place, around, about, to and fro, hither and thither, back and forth, in all directions, from pillar to post

  • the back of one's mind

    〈北美〉在后面

    • Used to express that something is in one's mind but is not consciously thought of or remembered.

      下意识

      she had a little nagging worry at the back of her mind

      下意识里她还存有顾虑。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • I consciously try and push it to the back of my mind while I savour a bit of relaxation.
      • Lia had pushed the remembrance of hers in the back of her mind so it couldn't affect her any more.
      • It occurred to her that though she didn't think of it consciously, it was at the back of her mind.
      • There was something nagging him in the back of his mind, and he just couldn't figure it out.
      • But it's always there in the back of your mind and you just sort of live with it.
      • I had these small worries in the back of my mind that I didn't want to grow and haunt me.
      • I'm out of contract at the end of the season and you try not to think about that but it's at the back of your mind.
      • He admitted that Benny is constantly on his mind, and Joe is often in the back of his mind.
      • It's kind of in the back of your mind all the time.
      • There are a few worries in the back of your mind but you shut them out - you have a job to do and so you get on and do it.
      • Even when you had successfully performed every other task, the problem of money always remained, a persistent, nagging worry at the back of one's mind.
      • You've always got the risk in the back of your mind but if you're told to get on with a job, you just do it.
      • It all nagged at the back of my mind and was beginning to really eat into me when, on Thursday, the phone finally rang.
      • You've just got to put that to the back of your mind and make sure it doesn't restrict you.
      • Sitting on a crowded train, one overheard conversation might catch your attention and remain in the back of your mind for the rest of the day.
      • In the back of her mind, she would have to remember who she truly was, and who she truly loved.
      • But, as I said to someone the other day, there is always a ‘maybe’ in the back of your mind.
      • Mrs Patel added: ‘We are getting on with our lives but there is always that fear in the back of your mind.’
      • But, she said, there was always the worry at the back of your mind about future flooding.
      • You do always, in the back of your mind, know that there's a possibility they're not coming home.

  • back to front

    • Reversed; backward.

      the exhausts had been fitted back to front

      排气管前后装倒了。

      a back-to-front baseball cap

      前后颠倒的棒球帽。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Pupils at at Southbroom Junior School came up with a different fundraising twist when they wore their clothes back to front to help raise money.
      • Yet he inadvertently put his top on back to front, wearing No 19 on his chest for a few minutes before realising.
      • Kirsty, who was born with her heart back to front and other organs misplaced, was given only six weeks to live in 1999.
      • The library books had been shelved back to front.
      • Kirsty, who was born with her heart back to front and with other major organs misplaced, will compete in her wheelchair in a three kilometres junior race.
      • SIR - Am I living in a parallel universe, where everything is back to front?
      • Just because young people listen to loud music and wear baseball caps back to front, it does not mean they are on drugs.
      • Faults included wires hanging out of walls, holes in the ceilings, door handles fitted back to front and broken tiles.
      • The jury had heard that Mr Roberts said in a statement to police that he might have looked at Mr Reeves's X-rays back to front before the operation.
      • Three times I was woken by the buzzer noise, half dressed, twice put on my hooded top back to front, fell over my slippers and stumbled to the door to be of help.
      • The top is a unique reversible front to back, back to front style.
      • This time I was going to do something I already knew, inside out, back to front, sideways.
      • But get this, the policy does cover out patient treatment of the same kind, which seems a bit back to front to me.
      • Then he put a kilt on for the first time in his life and managed to wear it back to front.
      • The fellow had his cap on back to front just as you did when you were milking by hand as it meant your head fitted more snugly into the cow's flank without the cap neb being in the way.
      • ‘You know, the baseball caps on back to front, mobile phone glued to the ear, the unbridled arrogance,’ he recalled.
      • Any new leader will find it completely impossible to lead a party that is split from back to front, from left to right and from side to centre.
      • The whole thing seemed upside down, back to front.
      • She later underwent a ten-hour operation to correct a fault where the heart chambers were back to front.
      • I was holding it back to front so the logo couldn't be seen.

  • back water

    • Reverse the action of the oars while rowing, causing a boat to slow down or stop.

      倒桨

      Example sentencesExamples
      • After a successful ram, ships could back water and go after another enemy, but one wonders how many such shocks a ship could take.

  • back the wrong horse

    • Make a wrong or inappropriate choice.

      下错了赌注；做错了选择

      Example sentencesExamples
      • In exploring the rhetoric of singularity, then, I might seem to be backing the wrong horse.
      • A jumble of investments created as an alternative to losing all one's money backing a single horse.
      • Any reader who doesn't itch to pick up a pencil at this point is perhaps backing the wrong horse.
      • Then he got down on one knee and said, ‘I'm sorry we backed the wrong horse.'
      • The majority of intelligent, sensitive artists, writers, painters, musicians backed the wrong horse for a long time in the 20th century.
      • Most are dedicated, caring men who just happen to have backed the wrong horse.
      • With the calling of parliament in 1640 it became apparent that Huntingdon had backed the wrong horse.
      • Are we going to back the wrong horse sometimes?
      • In the latter case, I think he backed the wrong horse, but we'll come to that later.
      • This harshness will doubtless be exacerbated by the fact that they backed the wrong horse in the telecoms market.
      • The diversification should help to reduce the risk in case you back the wrong horse.
      • I think most of the critics are backing the wrong horse in seeing the issue of testing for recreational drugs as a make or break issue.
      • On that occasion he most certainly backed the wrong horse.
      • But time has shown that the government backed the wrong horse.
      • Is it time to say sorry for backing the wrong horse?

  • behind someone's back

    • Without a person's knowledge and in an unfair or dishonorable way.

      在某人背后，背着某人

      Carla made fun of him behind his back

      卡拉在他背后取笑他。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • There is one thing about people talking about you behind your back; it is quite another thing being humiliated in a newsletter.
      • Someone close to you has done something behind your back, knowing that it would hurt you deeply if you found out.
      • Your friend is being honest with you, which is a good thing: it would be worse for her to go behind your back and flirt with him.
      • We're telling jokes about you behind your back.
      • Who is more critical of you and more likely to pass comments on how you look/what you wear and gossip behind your back?
      • It's all very well to dress to please yourself, but you wouldn't want to hear what they say about you behind your back when you do.
      • She didn't go skulking around behind your back.
      • Your friends are smoking behind your back and not telling you.
      • But what's worse than people speaking rudely to your face is doing so behind your back, especially when it's not true.
      • How can you trust them with the children in your charge when they are breaking rules and laws behind your back.
      • But while your friends snigger behind your back, all you worry about - initially, at any rate - is sleep and how to get some.
      • Friends and family will comment on the difference immediately - if only behind your back.
      • They may agree that everyone's doing it nowadays, but they're still laughing behind your back.
      • It can help when you need to brag or blow off steam or tell a secret or even talk behind someone's back.
      • In Wales they all speak behind your back in their mother tongue and you don't know what they're saying.
      • Find out what people are saying about you behind your back.
      • He was wearing green silk pajamas that we all secretly teased him for behind his back.
      • We're having a secret rendezvous behind Droven 's back.
      • Do you often feel that many people are talking about you behind your back?
      • In fact he had done many a vile thing behind her back without her knowledge.
      Synonyms
      secretly, without someone's knowledge, on the sly, deceitfully, slyly, sneakily, covertly, surreptitiously, furtively

  • get (or put) someone's back up

    • Make someone annoyed or angry.

      惹恼（或惹怒）某人

      Example sentencesExamples
      • There's no point in getting your back up over something which is an honest mistake.
      • Something seems to have got his back up.
      • It was a statement, not a question, spoken in an arrogant, challenging way that immediately put Diana 's back up.
      • It just put my back up and made me more and more determined that I was going to speak out.
      • David's post really got my back up.
      • It is not easy to be inclusive, but it is your obligation to not only try, but to not get your back up when people call you on things.
      • Lecturing and name-calling tends to put my back up.
      • And his questions were exactly the kind that would get my back up.
      • Throughout the evening girls had been coming up to Gavin and flirting with him, which understandably got Charlotte 's back up.
      • So when I got this letter asking us to contribute a few days ago, it really got my back up.
      • Of course this gets her back up completely, but I'm past caring now.
      • That's something that's almost guaranteed to get my back up.
      • He immediately got Patricia 's back up by promising to fight harder for funds.
      • If someone approaches in an aggressive manner then it puts your back up, but we have bent over backwards to help people.
      • I must admit to finding his tone of writing to being rather condescending, which initially put my back up.
      • The reverse side of this is favouritism, which also gets my back up.
      • Her only mistake was in over-playing her hand and getting my back up.
      • Lund said: ‘It was a spur-of-the-moment thing, but this ban has really got my back up.’
      • I can tell when people are smoking nearby and I'm out in the open air and it just puts my back up.
      • If there's one phrase that gets my back up, it's people talking about ‘dumping the kids at the creche.’
      Synonyms
      annoy, irritate, vex, make angry, make cross, anger, exasperate, irk, gall, pique, put out, displease, antagonize, get on someone's nerves, rub up the wrong way, ruffle, ruffle someone's feathers, make someone's hackles rise, raise someone's hackles

  • in back

    • At the back of something, especially a building.

      〈北美〉在后面（尤指在建筑物的后面）

      my dad demolished an old shed in back of his barn

      父亲拆掉了仓库后面的一个旧棚。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • He took the duffel bag from Kellie and threw it in back of one of the SUVs that was in Jones' driveway.
      • By then, the cars in back had almost caught up, and were trailing right behind us.
      • My right leg is a little sore in back, and that just came about today.
      • The conversation spread across the aisle, then to the seat in front, the row in back.
      • The tight pant legs just touch the top of the boot heel in back and break one time on the instep.
      • Small fenced gardens were in back of most of the huts, and chickens seemed to be everywhere.
      • When she woke up, the sun was setting in the western horizon, in back of the plane.
      • I sat in the passenger seat and Erik in the drivers seat with Dan and Jake in back.
      • The beast's whiskers touched the front of the tub and its tail curled up in back.
      • The window itself looks out on the track and football field in back of the school.
      • They had been kept away because the trees that you see fallen in back of me had been on the roads.
      • I could see a garden and path leading into the forest, which was in back of the building.
      • His hair was cut short in back, but long silver strands fell softly into his eyes.
      • I felt my eyes roll in back of my head, the way it happens when you are falling asleep while watching TV.
      • I tried offering the front seat to Anna, but he insisted she sit in back with Matt and Travis.
      • The three cops got in back with many words of thanks and offered me an orange.
      • Boxer had dropped me off in back of the club, before heading inside and finding a table near the stage.
      • Those in front of them were pushing them back, those in back of them were pushing them forward.
      • The manager at our local grocery keeps it locked up in the safe in back - you have to ask for it special.
      • As we continued out to the ship, one of the crew in back told us the same thing had happened on the previous day.

  • know something like the back of one's hand

    • Be entirely familiar with a place or route.

      对（某地或路线）了如指掌

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Nearly all my riding is done in the country East Sussex and Kent and I know it like the back of my hand as I've been there so much.
      • Dracula undoubtedly knows this island like the back of his hand.
      • I'm sure Adam would've gone into the mountains - he knows them like the back of his hand.
      • I have been in the industry for 14 years and know it like the back of my hand.
      • I nodded as we began walking towards the stables, ‘Tori knows this place like the back of her hand.’
      • You'll know this place like the back of your hand in no time.
      • But Waymaster Fintaal was raised in Elithanor, and he knows the woods like the back of his hand.
      • Their house is exactly the same inside as mine so I know it like the back of my hand.
      • She knew the procedure like the back of her hand.
      • Not only that, but much of the land in this region of Wyoming is owned by ranchers who know the terrain like the back of their hand, and have become adept at spotting fossils.
      • After all, this is his neighborhood, so he knows it like the back of his hand.
      • I'm sure you'll find something on the docks; you know them like the back of your hand after all.
      • ‘I know this village like the back of my hand,’ he says.
      • He and his team know the area like the back of their hand; not much escapes their attention.
      • Casey didn't bother to turn on the light in this end of the room, knowing it like the back of her hand.
      • He's also a great caddie who knows the course like the back of his hand.
      • John races locally and knows the trails like the back of his hand, so keeping up with him was no easy task.
      • It has an owner who knows it like the back of his hand.
      • He knew the city like the back of his hand but tonight he couldn't see anything resembling a familiar landmark.
      • He has been working the land at Mersehead, on the Solway Firth, for 30 years, and knows it like the back of his hand.

  • on one's back

    • 1In bed recovering from an injury or illness.

      卧床休养

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Since Mom's still flat on her back in hospital, we can safely deduce she's not to blame.
      • For the first six days after surgery, I had to lie flat on my back in the hospital bed.
      • As a patient, you spend a great deal of time, sometimes days at a time in severe situations, flat on your back and staring at stained acoustic tiles.
      • For the next six years, I spent most of my days flat on my back in unrelenting pain.
      • Exercise really hard and increase your training volume quickly, and you may end up flat on your back with an upper respiratory infection.
      • The latter two spent several years flat on their back unable to do anything.
      • I found it hard to feel much joy for anything flat on my back after kidney surgery.
      • A panicked man shot out of the carriage and ran to the back where I lay flat on my back, not moving.
      • Children with such injuries should be kept on their back with a protective shield over the eye if possible.
      1. 1.1Full-length on the ground.
        he slipped off the heap and landed flat on his back
        Example sentencesExamples
        • The power blasted out from her body, knocking Devi across the room and flat on her back.
        • You lie on your side, not flat on your back as in the above variations.
        • With a loud thud, I was thrown off the bike, and hit the ground, landing on my back.
        • Before I can react he jumps on me causing me to lose my balance and I fall flat on my back with him on top of me.
        • I hit the concrete ground flat on my back, my bag falling from my hands with a ‘thud’ next to me.
        • Before you can even respond, you're flat on your back, pulverized by its sheer force.
        • One of the times I was looking behind me, I ended up running into a wall and falling flat on my back.
        • The next thing Melanie knew, she was back in the forested area, lying flat on her back.
        • I clutched my hand to my chest and took a step backwards, falling out of the van and flat on my back.
        • The guy landed flat on his back, growling he opened his eyes to the gleaming barrel of a gun.
        • I suddenly found myself flat on my back, the wind knocked out of me without even a chance to cry out.
        • Ziana was propelled across the room and ended up flat on her back on the floor.
        • I felt something hit me in my stomach, and landed flat on my back, crying out in pain.
        • ‘When you're lying on the ground, flat on your back, you can't fall any further,’ he said.
        • ‘Therefore, it might be that we have our most creative thoughts while flat on our back,’ he said.
        • Then, someone kicked me in the stomach, and threw me to the floor flat on my back.
        • He reached out to it, to the light and was soon knocked flat on his back and did not wake for some time.
        • You are flat on your back on the floor, pressing up toward the ceiling with your legs.
        • The bottle rolled under my foot, and I fell flat on my back, sending my tray of trash in the air.
        • I flip Riley over my shoulder and he lands on the ground on his back, with a loud thud.

  • put one's back into

    • Approach (a task) with vigor.

      竭尽全力于

      Example sentencesExamples
      • You've got to put your back into it and head into the wind.
      • He put his back into it and I hope he gets the reward he deserves,’ says Fitzpatrick, 55, a trade unionist involved in the recent wage settlement.
      • Gregory only smiled, and put his back into helping lift the heavy tables.
      • She really puts her back into it, which is missing in the full screen version.
      • Staten put his back into the task now facing him with renewed vigour.
      • Rosamund Young is putting her back into her campaign by picking up litter from the hedgerows, lay-bys and verges of the Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
      • Radcliffe is shivering and covered in goosebumps, but no matter: as most of the world knows, she is a trouper, the kind of girl that puts her back into whatever she does.
      • He is the fastest bowler in the world, but he was not really putting his back into it.
      • And, it was the first time the Australians put their back into the promotion of the tour.
      Synonyms
      persevere with, persist with, keep at, work at, continue with, carry on with, go on with, not give up with, hammer away at, stay with, follow through, see through, go the distance, stay the course

  • turn one's back on

    • 1Ignore (someone) by turning away.

      对（某人）掉头不管；轻视（某人）

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Karina nearly turned her back on all this but she suddenly heard noises coming from her room.
      • He went, and it cost him his life. You can almost hear her saying to his spirit, ‘How dare you spurn me and turn your back on me?’
      • I turned away quickly, jumping the stairs two at a time to my room, ignoring the screams of, ‘Don't you turn your back on me!’
      • He turned his back on Brett, trying to ignore him.
      • Jessie's already in the gym, and when she sees me walk in with Eva she just turns her back on me and IGNORES me.
      • Before his hot temper could boil out wrongfully, Ryuko turned his back on the guardian and walked wordlessly off.
      • She froze, then turned her back on him and started walking towards the waterfall.
      • I turn my back on Anja and her gang and walk away deciding to ignore them for the rest of the day.
      • You just had to walk away, turn your back on me, ignore me.
      • Without waiting for an answer, I turned my back on him again, trying to ignore the rather intimidating presence of Will standing behind me.
      • Don't turn your back on me, I won't be ignored!
      • Rather oddly, the fireman sporting a handlebar moustache about to sip a saucer of hot cocoa is ignoring the fire ragtag behind him and turns his back on two colleagues who are tackling it.
      • Ms. Aiken scoffed slightly and turned her back on Tristyn to make her way back to the front of the class.
      Synonyms
      snub, slight, spurn, shun, disdain, look right through, look past, give someone the cold shoulder, cold-shoulder, freeze out, steer clear of
      1. 1.1Reject or abandon.
        she turned her back on her career to devote her life to animals
        Example sentencesExamples
        • I have got a job and have turned my back on my previous lifestyle.
        • You couldn't help thinking of people at school who you'd turned your back on, when vicious cliques had made their days a misery.
        • He's turned his back on what his duty was, to serve the public, not his buddies in government.
        • She turned her back on nine years of teaching and began the daunting task of learning a new profession.
        • You know, the kind of guy you would never turn your back on in a million years.
        • Her grandmother had never, ever turned her back on anyone, not even the family that ignored her while she was alive.
        • But more importantly, you've got to turn your back on all this negative campaigning.
        • Here is a gentleman who wants to turn his back on his previous lifestyle and looks to the future with some hope.
        • Here, it seemed to be saying, is a party that stands for something that the others have turned their back on: real equality and the redistribution of wealth.
        • His father turned his back on all requests for help.
        • ‘I have spent 20-odd years of my working life with the BBC and I don't turn my back on that lightly,’ the 69-year-old said.
        • He's American, but this Americanism is something he is turning his back on.
        • Accept this, and be not afraid to turn your back on what you were in order to become something else.
        • He was turning his back on all these people that had worked for him and essentially, like a general abandoning his army in the field just before a decisive battle.
        • Now there is her British debut, which is more of a homecoming than people realise. ‘I love living in America, but I could never turn my back on who I am,’ she says.
        • But she had thrown them away, turned her back on them to chase heroism.
        • What we've done is turned our back on those people, we've abandoned them and said that ‘You're not worthy of having a news service.
        • I turned my back on him, I had rejected him, I had walked away from him.
        • He then turned his back on what he had always known and walked into a new life.
        • People share a real sense of purpose there and it's not an easy thing to turn your back on.
        Synonyms
        abandon, give up, have done with, throw up

  • with one's back to (or up against) the wall

    • In a desperate situation; hard-pressed.

      走投无路；处于绝境

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Facing defeat and with his back to the wall, he played dirty.
      • He has often had to work with his back to the wall to find a consensus among his party colleagues.
      • In fact the most terrifying scenario I could imagine is if the tyrant found himself with his back to the wall.
      • He has shown that he is a man who fights best with his back to the wall.
      • But with his back to the wall, Milkins produced his best snooker.
      • ‘He's got superb movement and first touch and when you play with your back to the wall you need that,’ said Hoddle.
      • But that he is on the defensive should send out a word of warning to all who cross his path: Hewitt with his back to the wall is a very dangerous creature indeed.
      • He is always at his best with his back to the wall.
      • Yet he continues to manage Dell with the urgency and determination of a college kid with his back to the wall.

  • back and fill

    • 1Trim the sails of a vessel so that the wind alternately fills and spills out of them, in order to maneuver in a limited space.

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Sure, they make compromises and back and fill with the wind.
      1. 1.1Zigzag or vacillate.
        Example sentencesExamples
        • Even as she wants to advance boldly, therefore, she is required by the evidence to back and fill, leaving the reader with a bewildering combination of affirmation and qualification.

  • someone's back is turned

    • Someone's attention is elsewhere.

      某人的注意力在别处

      he kissed her quickly, when the landlady's back was turned

      趁女房东注意别的地方的时候，他很快地吻了她一下。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • I have no respect for cowards who strike when the enemy 's back is turned.
      • I don't want to be spoken of less than fondly whenever my back is turned; deep down, I know you care too, even if it's just a little.
      • Of course you will have to trust the country not to attack you as soon as your back is turned.
      • The lone superpower can bribe, bully, or impose its will almost anywhere in the world, but when its back is turned, its potency wanes.
      • Though I might help keep you alive here, there is no telling what the men will do to you when my back is turned.
      • She likens instant messaging, for example, to notes passed at the back of the classroom when the teacher 's back is turned: there is no premium on proper spelling.
      • I'm not so sure what they say when my back is turned.
      • ‘Yeah, just like what a great girlfriend you are that you're off snuggling up to one of his friends while his back is turned,’ I snarled back.
      • But she also reserves a place in the bedroom altar for a small portrait of the Dalai Lama, a picture that, when our back is turned, is quietly put away.
      • They would be my friends when I'm with them, but my enemies when my back is turned.
      • But they are unfailingly polite, listen for as long as is decently necessary and do not immediately hurl my pledge-card into the nearest bin - at least not until my back is turned.
      • As soon as Eddie 's back is turned he'll be the first one to plot his downfall.
      • I told her not to say a word, and while my back is turned she rushes off to tell him.
      • I'm not the type of person to attack while someone's back is turned.
      • Dogs slip free of their leases whenever your back is turned.
      • At least everyone knows who I despise - you're the one acting as if you adore Anna and then you start gossiping about her the moment her back is turned.
      • There is no honour in defeating a foe when his back is turned.
      • When the resident 's back is turned, she steals a purse and runs off.
      • Mothers are, of course, notorious for clearing your most favourite possessions out of your bedroom the moment your back is turned.
      • Then soon as your back is turned he goes and does it.

  • the back of (the) beyond

    • A remote or inaccessible place.

      偏僻处

      Example sentencesExamples
      • I've stopped daydreaming of moving to a rural barn in the back of beyond, with roses round the door and a goat at the end of the garden.
      • But I thought I had come to the back of beyond as the train took us across this great country.
      • He sent in four legions to the strange, soaking wet, mist-shrouded island at the back of beyond.
      • My wife has been pretty good about my fishing expeditions into the back of beyond, but when I told her that I fancied a trip up the Zaire river in search of Goliath tigerfish, she finally put her foot down.
      • That's what got him sent beyond the back of beyond to pull a completely devastated land into flourishing prosperity in less than a decade.
      • Kubu Island sits on the southernmost tip of the Makgadikgadi Pan, Botswana: if you've ever wanted to know what lies behind the back of beyond, this is probably it…
      • I don't know where it is, but the name he gave me - ‘La Providence ‘, sounds like some village way out in the back of beyond.’
      • It took some courage, six years ago, for Steve Reynolds to take on a tiny village pub in the back of beyond and, defying all odds, become a Herefordshire hero.
      • The third, a stone house, is worth £60,000 [it is in the back of beyond, hence the low asking price].
      • Meanwhile, this makes me smile far too much and brings back memories of riding bikes around the back of beyond in Hoi An.
      • If you live in a little village in the back of beyond, people still hiss at you in the street if you display signs of being remotely unusual.
      • ‘It did seem very ironic that my life was saved in the back of beyond, but when I returned to Scotland, nothing could be done to help me,’ says Robb, now 44.
      • Two babies died young, and when her fifth was due she went to ‘civilisation’ in Menindee - still the back of beyond.
      • These trees would live in myriad habitats from soggy coasts to the driest deserts, deep valleys to the shoulders of alpine peaks, backyards to the back of beyond.
      • But we can tell that the town the lads left on their way to fight the Scots was a flourishing little place and not just some hole in the back of beyond.
      • Many of her explorations took place in the Waikawau and Nukuhakari districts - places in the back of beyond where secrets were waiting to be discovered.
      • If you live in the back of beyond in rural Bihar you can be safely assumed to be well out of reach of the media marketeers as we know them, right?
      • It's in the back of beyond in Bahia's ranch country, accessible only by boat or plane.
      • Maybe if we moved to the back of beyond we'd stand a better chance’.
      • However, Justin wished he was in the back of beyond again with his old team.
      Synonyms
      the middle of nowhere, the backwoods, the wilds, the hinterland, a backwater

Phrasal Verbs

  • back down

    • Withdraw a claim or assertion in the face of opposition.

      （遭遇反对时）收回声明（或宣言）

      the contenders backed down from their original pledge

      竞选人纷纷取消了原先的誓言。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • He is not from a family that backs down, even if it means risking one's life.
      • However, neither the French nor Austrian governments showed any sign of backing down from their proposals.
      • Burton, he added affectionately, ‘never backs down, whether the fight is within his own party or outside it.’
      • She makes her opinion known, never backs down and never lets up.
      • Whether her views were right or wrong are immaterial to this post, and I do admire her for not backing down over what she said when there was probably a lot of pressure being put on her to do so.
      • Usually it's the weaker party that needs to save face when backing down from some untenable position.
      • Unless the management backs down, industrial action is inevitable.
      • In return, he argues, he has backed down in response to the strong feelings in the party and the public generally.
      • Nor will we be intimidated into backing down from something we believe in very strongly.
      • Friends say she has no intention of backing down, however.
      • They can claim that Sonia backed down in the face of their threats.
      • We would hope that the revolt in his party will make the Minister see sense, but personally I can't see him backing down.
      • If she backs down from the fight with Washington, that might reassure business interests but disillusion his core supporters.
      • Last night there was no sign of the 17-member Police Authority or its Chief Constable backing down from its stand.
      • While both countries are expressing a desire for peace, neither side is showing signs of backing down.
      • The president also said he has no intention of backing down from his plan.
      • The company backed down and withdrew the T-shirt uniform after a public outcry.
      • You don't win a record eight Olympic medals by backing down.
      • The Democrats refused to concede on the privatization scheme and the president backed down.
      • On the same day, management backed down, agreeing to withdraw the legal action.
      Synonyms
      give in, concede defeat, surrender, yield, submit, climb down, concede, reconsider

  • back off

    • 1Draw back from action or confrontation.

      撤退

      they backed off from fundamental reform of the system

      他们退出了基本的体制改革。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Employers are backing off from commitments to health and retirement benefits.
      • It is clear that some unions have backed off from any major confrontations.
      • People don't do that and instead they start getting lawyers and backing off and saying I won't talk to the cops.
      • Unwilling to jeopardize her marriage, Anna backed off from competing for a couple of years.
      • There are people who think we maybe we are doing way too much and we should be backing off.
      • The leader of the union has consistently backed off from any confrontation with the government.
      • If he backs off now, the limited respect he has gained already could contract to a negative footnote.
      • UP to 20,000 jobs are in danger of being lost in the construction sector in the months ahead if the Government backs off on the plan, an industry source warned last night.
      • She backs off until Sam does something that convinces her he still needs her.
      • The newspapers have even backed off from reporting the stories, as they once were doing.
      • ‘We had to take a few more risks there today in the foggy conditions, and maybe the others were backing off. ‘he said.’
      • If everyone just backs off a little, shows some patience, and endeavors to listen and learn from others, maybe some purpose greater than self-congratulation will ensue.
      • It looks like the leadership is slowly backing off from a confrontation.
      • He never backs off and has good credentials.
      • Despite widespread international condemnation, the government shows no signs of backing off.
      • He was strong and dependable and never backed off from a fight.
      • The average male is intimidated by my intelligence and strength of personality, and backs off, but I'm not interested in the average male, after all.
      • I'm curious now, with war so close, are his critics backing off a little bit?
      • But, quite rightly, the union refused to back off until the company withdrew its plan in its entirety.
      • The brothers never backed off from a challenge.
      Synonyms
      draw back, step back, move away, back off, retreat, withdraw, pull back, give ground
      1. 1.1North American Withdraw a claim or assertion in the face of opposition.
        （遭遇反对时）收回声明（或宣言）
        she has backed off on her earlier threat to shut down operations
        Example sentencesExamples
        • So, are Republican congressional leaders backing off?
        • I just received word that the union is backing off.
        • The key liberal interest groups aren't backing off.
        • The White House spokesman rejected suggestions Wednesday that the president was backing off.
        • After that, they seemed to be backing off a little bit.
        • She isn't really backing off; she says that her remarks were ‘off the cuff,’ but hasn't disavowed them.
        Synonyms
        retreat, withdraw, pull back, fall back, pull out, disengage, give way, give ground, flee, take flight, turn tail, beat a retreat, beat a hasty retreat

  • back out

    • Withdraw from a commitment.

      退出

      if he backs out of the deal they'll sue him

      如果他退出这笔交易，他们就会起诉他。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Well, many legal experts speculated that when the civil suit was filed, that that might be a sign that she was backing out.
      • So I went to the Marine recruiting station with two of my cousins who both backed out.
      • I wasn't going to let her get away with backing out of the trip.
      • Subsequently, as many as three contractors who took up the project also backed out after doing only a part of the work.
      • Plans are all very loose at the moment and I think my co-organisers might be backing out, but I don't mind.
      • Originally a trio called Cub, the brave lads backed out on the verge of being signed.
      • But I'm still in bed, feeling only a few degrees above death, and feeling bad about backing out.
      • When one of these countries wants to talk peace, the other backs out.
      • But I wanted to take this up as a challenge; it was such an exciting offer that I just couldn't think of backing out.
      • He then backed out of plans to return to star in an Edmonton production of Romeo and Juliet.
      • The company had been a tentative sponsor of the first marathon before backing out.
      • I've made a public announcement about it now and there's no backing out.
      • He never backed out of anything or shied away from any opponent, and he was prepared to put his career on the line every time he fought.
      • She backed out of that role in order to instead play Anne Frank on Broadway.
      • The excitement would die down soon enough, and the school would retreat back out of the public eye.
      • No one wants to absorb the cost if someone in a group backs out.
      • No doubt my constant backing out of doing stuff has earned me a reputation among my friends for being an unreliable flake.
      • A few years ago he was asked to be on a TV show, but backed out at the last minute because he felt weird.
      • The doctor backed out of his contractual responsibility to provide out of hours care for his patients.
      • You can accuse him of many things - we'll get to that later - but you can't accuse him of backing out of a challenge.
      Synonyms
      renege on, go back on, withdraw from, pull out of, retreat from, fail to honour, abandon, default on, repudiate

  • back up

    • 1(of vehicles) form a line due to congestion.

      （车辆）堵塞

      the traffic began to back up

      交通开始堵塞。

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Too many stoplights are a nuisance, backing up traffic, making people late, annoying everyone.
      • It is hoped this will combat problems resulting from the queue of taxis backing up into Kings Road.
      • He said traffic was continually backing up around Wood Street and Curzon Street.
      • Cars and other vehicles queued for hours to reach the fair, backing up through Stow Square and up to the Fosseway.
      • Traffic backed up on to Bradshawgate, Bolton, while he was treated at the scene.
      • Traffic was backing up as far as the motorways as roads in and around the city centre were closed by police.
      • It was dusk when he began directing traffic, which was backing up at a nearby intersection.
      • Diversions were set up along the A4 as traffic backed up to the Cross Keys Inn.
      • This can become so congested that at peak times that traffic can back up as far as the motorway.
      • Contractors are due to start work on January 13 to put in place a series of initiatives that they hope will help to ease congestion at locations where traffic constantly backs up.
      • On the odd occasion during peak times traffic backs up but it seems to be OK most of the time.
      • Traffic typically backs up in both the morning and evening rush hours, but drivers are reporting that the new road markings have made the delays much longer than normal.
      • As traffic backed up around the barricades, dozens of onlookers stared inside.
      • And when that traffic backs up, the result is employee downtime and increasing frustration.
      • Traffic on High Street wishing to turn left or right on to Church Street backs up due to the volume of vehicles at busy times.
      • The result at peak times is that the traffic stops, backs up on to Queen Street bridge and into Blossom Street.
      • Cars were parked across the road, and traffic was already beginning to back up.
      • Cars stop in the middle of the road to view wildlife, backing up traffic for miles.
      • Naturally, being an interstate highway and the only decent road in the state, there are lots of people to inspect, and the traffic backs up for several miles.
      • You see, you take away half of the road and the traffic backs up.

    • 2(of running water) accumulate behind an obstruction.

      （流水）积聚

      Example sentencesExamples
      • When the sewers become overwhelmed with rainwater the overflows work to ensure water is prevented from backing up in the system.
      • In earlier testimony, I likened this process to water backing up against a dam that is finally breached.
      • There is a limit to the amount of water the River Thames can take, without it backing up and flooding new areas.
      • It's caused by the onset of the dry season, when the water backed up in the Tonie Sap lake begins to drain into the Mekong.
      • The water began to back up and I had to seize a jug and begin bailing it out into the bath.
      • When the foul water sewer is overcharged, the foul water backs up and can force open the manhole cover in Mr. Marcic's front garden, thereby escaping into the garden.
      • As more and more water backed up, a temporary lake formed and grew larger and larger.
      • Often the water backs up because the drains are clogged.

  • back something up

    • 1Make a spare copy of data or a disk.

      〔计算机〕为…备份

      Example sentencesExamples
      • Now storage servers or workstations can be backed up on one single tape cartridge housed in the server itself.
      • It was like spending hours on end typing a thesis on a laptop, forgetting to back it up on disk then dropping the thing two thirds of the way through and shattering the hard drive.
      • The diskettes are recycled after a long, long interval in the cupboard, long after the hard disk files have been backed up.
      • A cold backup is when an application is taken off line, which means there's no user access to the data, and the data is backed up.
      • Alternatively, you can configure the software to back the data up into one big file, with data compression enabled.
      • Once the data is backed up to disk, business operations can proceed at a normal pace and important data protection operations can take place.
      • Short of exporting the entire database, and then backing that up, the ideal is to shut down each database, back it up, and then fire it up again, in sequence.
      • All replacement changes are backed up and an HTML report is generated in the end of the routine.
      • As a result, all data is backed up completely and without risk of corruption, even if the files are open and in use during the backup.
      • While a BestCrypt container is unmounted, it can be backed up, copied and otherwise treated like any other file.
      • Storing this content as if it's a simple computer file, and thus simply backing it up to disk, is not the optimal approach.
      • If identical copies of a 20 MB PowerPoint presentation exist on 10 different computers, only one copy of the presentation will be backed up.
      • I downloaded everything onto my computer here, then backed it up on disks.
      • In fact saving your work often (and backing it up to floppy disk, zip disk or writable CD) is a good idea if you have anything important on your PC.
      • Whether the system is backed up to disk or tape is not really an issue; however, there is a cost and management issue regarding backing up data.
      • Knowing the number and size of files and size is important if you need to make copies of data files and back them up to a floppy disk.
      • By all means, back it up to a floppy or CD-ROM, but keep your backup in a safe place.
      • It will create image files to a second hard drive, and then you can use your favorite CD or DVD burning software to back your images up.
      • Users can download the tracks to one computer and back them up on two other PCs.
      • Users who want a more hands-on approach, can choose which files and folders are backed up, provide the software with scheduling information, and indicate how many generations of each item are to be kept.
      1. 1.1Cause vehicles to form into a queue due to congestion.
        （车辆）堵塞
        the traffic was backed up a couple of miles in each direction

        各方向的车辆都堵了数英里。

        Example sentencesExamples
        • Not infrequently, vehicles are backed up beyond Arthur Road in Durnsford, Leopold in Gap, and Blackshaw in Plough.
        • The light ahead was green, but the traffic was backed up through the light.
        • Sometimes the traffic is backed up so much you can't get on to the A19, other times the cars are going so fast it is a total deathtrap.
        • On several mornings, vehicles were backed up from the Park Hotel Roundabout to the Burgery at around 9 am, but conditions had improved by the end of the week.
        • But motorists have complained that rush-hour traffic has been backed up on Tadcaster Road as drivers get to grips with the new lights.
        • Such was the crowd that traffic was backed up for the best part of 30 minutes on all roads in and out of the town.
        • I cycle down Bootham and the traffic can be backed up but I know exactly how long the journey is going to take me.
        • The traffic's all backed up and there are people shouting and fighting everywhere.
        • It's 5: 00 p.m., the thruway is backed up for miles, and you're trying to race your sick child to the pediatrician.
        • Race day arrived and the traffic is backed up all the way around the race track.
        • Traffic has been backed up around the area during rush hour ever since the work started.
        • Outside Atlanta, traffic into the city was backed up for more than 20 miles on Interstate 20 after two tractor-trailers spun out of control.
        • Police were called to the scene with traffic backed up in both directions.
        • Traffic was backed up all along Cutlery Road for half an hour as the convoy refused to move.
        • A few blocks away the traffic was backed up… they had closed off a bunch of roads to ‘non famous vehicles and their drivers.’
        • On the wrong day traffic can be backed up almost its entire dreary length giving the road its present bad reputation.
        • And another New Road shopkeeper added: ‘By 4.30 pm all the traffic is backed up right along the road.’
        • There was no point setting off right away - all the cars were backed up as they queued to get out, so I sat for an hour reading The Guardian with the heater on full fan to dry my jeans.
        • Traffic heading east out of Manchester on the M60 was backed up as far as Eccles.
        • It is nothing unusual to find traffic backed up for a few miles south of the town.

Origin

Old English bæc, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch and Old Norse bak. The adverb use dates from late Middle English and is a shortening of aback.

noun.1
phr.
phr.v.
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