Definition of economy in English:

economy

nounPlural economies ɪˈkɒnəmiəˈkɑnəmi

1The state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money.
经济
he favours tax cuts to stimulate the economy
Example sentencesExamples
- Togo's stagnant, underdeveloped economy is largely dependent on agricultural exports.
- Even a sluggish economy isn't likely to dampen the outlook for these Internet start-ups.
- Economically, coffee production came to dominate as Colombian insertion into the world market economy depended on this export commodity.
- Corporate profitability and the profit share in the economy remain relatively strong.
- He reiterated the nation's economy is rebounding and that the government will continue to support growth.
- China's economy expanded 9.5 percent in the fourth quarter from the year earlier period.
- China's economy slowed more than expected in the second quarter.
- In 2003, the nation's economy expanded 6.9 percent.
- The country's market economy is based largely on agriculture.
- The slowing global economy has weakened demand for Japan's high-technology exports, causing manufacturers to cut production and workers.
- The global capitalist economy remains the most important transnational force in the world today.
- What's more, strong job growth suggests that a region's economy is expanding.
- The integrated oil companies could also benefit as global economies continue to recover.
- On its most reliable measure Japan's stagnant economy grew by a surprising 0.6 % over the same period.
- A recent shutdown at US docks nearly dragged the region's economies into recession.
- The city's economy depends on the flow of trade between the United States and Canada.
- As their home countries' economies grow and populations age, these flows are likely to get smaller.
- As the city's economy continues to rapidly expand, the housing market booms.
- But this would, in all likelihood, push the economy into a recession.
- The city's economy is booming, but the divide between the rich and everyone else is widening.
Synonyms
wealth, (financial) resources
financial system, financial state, financial management
1. 1.1 A particular system or stage of an economy.
  经济制度，经济结构；经济情况
  a free-market economy
  自由市场经济。
  Example sentencesExamples
  A booming rural economy, they hope, will boost the demand for industrial goods.
  Overnight, it could become the delivery system of the digital economy.
  The internet economy will be transformed by this second stage of barrier reduction.
  The farm economy in valley is dependent on the canal irrigation system which feeds tens of thousands of acres of land across the valley.
  But declarations of support for the capitalist economy and the profit system were not enough.
  As always, it's a much neater and efficient system than a centralized economy.
  Deforestation set in motion a series of environmental changes that undermined the subsistence economy of the region.
  Rather, traditional trade unionists from militant areas of the private economy turned out to support a system that suits them.
  Now that the market economy has become the system of choice for more and more countries, a key political concern must be to locate the faultline.
  It was an arrangement that covered most people, but with Deng Xiaoping's move to a market economy, the system was doomed.
  If you take the long view, the commodity economy passes through three stages.
  The government has to start taking advantage of today's capitalist economy.
2mass noun Careful management of available resources.
充分利用，节约，节省
fuel economy
燃料的充分利用。
Example sentencesExamples
- GM estimates that direct injection can improve gas engine fuel economy by 10 percent.
- Fuel economy is excellent on a long run, up to 70 mpg, and even in the city you will get upwards of 43 mpg.
- And as their popularity has grown, overall U.S. fuel economy and gas consumption have gotten worse.
- As well as giving an impressive blend of performance and economy, the new engine is also quiet.
- It is the one way to get fuel economy, emissions and performance improvement in the same package.
- As well as excellent fuel economy it also allows the company driver to avoid the three per cent benefit in kind diesel surcharge.
- The extra gears will improve low speed performance and increase fuel economy.
- In the auto-shift mode the system chooses the most logical gear for engine speed and fuel economy at any time.
- So they're refined to drive, exhibit a bit of style and deliver excellent fuel economy.
- The transmission allows automatic scheduling of engine speed and transmission ratio for fuel economy.
- Eaton expects the device to boost fuel economy by letting the engine idle during initial acceleration.
- Selection for economy means that smaller cells must have smaller nuclei.
- Of course, many people are in favour of improving fuel economy, so are these safety concerns well-founded?
- After that you change over to synthetic oil for a small gain in power, fuel economy, and engine longevity.
- When it is your own home, you can pick the appliances you want and monitor your bills carefully to get good economy from gas and electricity.
- Diesel engines also average about 15 percent better fuel economy over gasoline engines.
- Now the technology is there to boost fuel economy without sacrificing size or performance.
- We're trying to achieve higher targets of engine fuel economy, for example.
- It is equipped with particulate filter, and combines low emissions with good economy and excellent performance.
- It is super-luxurious, completely comfortable, but for the size of engine the fuel economy is actually quite good.
Synonyms
thrift, providence, prudence, thriftiness, canniness, carefulness, care, good management, good husbandry, careful budgeting, economizing, saving, scrimping and saving, scrimping, restraint, frugality, fuel-saving, abstemiousness
1. 2.1as modifier Offering good value for money.
  an economy pack of soap flakes
  一包经济装的肥皂片。
  Example sentencesExamples
  That's when you stop buying premium cuts from Sainsbury's and force-feed yourself a grisly tinned economy brand.
  That included a huge family cauliflower for 99p and a pack of four rather than two economy kitchen towels.
  Unlike most economy cars, four tall adults fit easily and comfortably into the Mazda3.
  She doesn't go hungry, have to work in a factory, beg at the bank, give up the high heels or buy economy margarine.
  If you buy economy brands, remember they may not be as effective as more expensive ones.
  There are also a number of different economy rooms.
2. 2.2 Sparing or careful use of something.
  节省，简练，简洁
  a technique based on economy of effort
  Example sentencesExamples
  What marks out Benaud's commentary is not just his absolute economy of words, but his unerring eye for a story.
  Despite his miss, Sheringham was still one of the better players in claret and blue, achieved, as always, with great economy of effort.
  He was known for his economy of words, and for his ability to let the pictures do the work.
  Skill, in any sport, is the ability of the player to execute a technique with economy of effort.
  Synonyms
  thrift, providence, prudence, thriftiness, canniness, carefulness, care, good management, good husbandry, careful budgeting, economizing, saving, scrimping and saving, scrimping, restraint, frugality, fuel-saving, abstemiousness
3. 2.3usually economiescount noun A financial saving.
  钱财的节省（或节约）
  there were many economies to be made by giving up our London offices
  放弃我们驻伦敦市中心的办事处可以节省许多开支。
  Synonyms
  reduction, cut, decrease
  economizing, frugality, thrift, thriftiness, retrenchment, cutting back, belt-tightening, penny-pinching
4. 2.4 The cheapest class of air or rail travel.
  （飞机或火车的）经济舱，经济座
  we flew economy
  我们乘坐的是经济舱。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Like low-cost carriers, British European will offer discounted seats, as well as charging passengers for drinks in the economy class, and selling more tickets over the internet.
  Business travellers preferred Swissair for its economy class.
  In our case, people were pushed into economy class and executive class was totally empty.
  Feeling a little awkward, she proceeded to the economy class of the aircraft.
  It was my first time taking business class instead of economy class.
  The two of them quickly left the bathroom, greeted back into the economy class by general, but impressive pandemonium.
  I still travel economy class, I talk with the people around me.
  He added the risk was equal for those travelling in first class as those in economy class.
  And despite his meteoric rise through the ranks, the teenager flies economy class and remains a long way from a world ranking that would command appearance fees from tournament promoters.
  Former spend-happy bankers, executives and traders are counting their dimes and travelling economy class.
  Those travelling in the executive class will have to opt for any one of the three items being provided in the first class, while those travelling in the economy class will have an option of only two items.
  But Malaysia stands alone among the airlines flying here to score a marvellous five stars for its economy class long haul seating.
  Another year and she would move from flying economy class to business class.
  To this end, its executives decided to fly in economy class on short business trips, and to hold video conferences whenever possible.
  The cost of his round-trip economy class ticket was only $570 whereas the one-way 20 kg surcharge amounted to no less than $700.
  Although he only has an economy class ticket he planks himself down in First Class and, despite the efforts of the steward, refuses to move.
  Of course, travelling economy class also means no luxurious restaurant car.
  As you probably know, the seats are really not a lot wider than those from economy class on the planes flying inside Europe.
  He regularly uses public transport and flies economy class.
  Clooney, who reputedly flew in on economy class unannounced, was merely making a pit stop to check on his investment.

Phrases

economy of scale

A proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production.
规模经济
mergers may lead to economies of scale
Example sentencesExamples
- It could drive future sales and profits ahead through economies of scale and market share gains from competitive pricing.
- Ford inaugurated the single-model car, which was both technologically advanced and inexpensive to buy, thanks to mass production and the economy of scale.
- It just needs to take market share, gain economies of scale, and grow profitably.
- He called for regional and local certification so that farmers could enjoy economies of scale in production.
- They don't benefit from economies of scale because their costs increase as they grow.
- Where there were few opportunities for economies of scale in production, brands had little role to play.
- That means companies that serve the market gain vast manufacturing economies of scale.
- After that, they have to start going so far afield to procure corn that the extra transportation costs offset any gains from economy of scale in the processing operation.
- They have total vertical integration and all of the costs savings that go with that in addition to economies of scale.
- Meanwhile, parts producers cannot use the economies of scale to build businesses and create jobs.

economy of scope

A proportionate saving gained by producing two or more distinct goods, when the cost of doing so is less than that of producing each separately.
范围经济，范畴经济，纵深经济
Example sentencesExamples
- There is a potential after the next election that we might get a change in cross-media laws, in which case Fairfax will have to be fairly nimble, and look to acquire other businesses that'll give it economies of scope.
- Most empirical studies - which mainly refer to the United States - have also failed to find economies of scope in the banking industry.
- They interpret the negative results for bidders to mean that any benefits from economies of scope in the acquisitions are totally reflected in the offering prices banks paid to target firms.
- This permits the researcher to then estimate whether production of these outputs is characterized by general or specific economies of scale or economies of scope.
- These problems seem to have been compounded by the lack of economies of scope for the drug.
- On the other hand, the Samsung network has a long way to go in order to create a significant advantage deriving from the economies of scope expected from such networking.
- To the extent that a pair of business lines shares economies of scope, standard economic theory suggests that they will be combined.
- Specifically, a model with a greater number of extension outputs might reveal the presence of economies of scope between extension and research that our model does not reveal.
- To determine the impact of economies of scope we constructed two measures of plant complexity.

Origin

Late 15th century (in the sense 'management of material resources'): from French économie, or via Latin from Greek oikonomia 'household management', based on oikos 'house' + nemein 'manage'. Current senses date from the 17th century.

Like ecology, economy and economical come from Greek oikos ‘house’, and in the 15th century they were spelled oikonomy and oikonomical. Economy was then ‘the art or science of managing a household’ and ‘the way in which household finances are managed’. The sense expanded in the 17th century to cover the management of a country's finances. Being economical with the truth is a euphemism for lying or deliberately withholding information. Mark Twain commented in Following the Equator (1897), ‘Truth is the most valuable thing we have. Let us economize it.’ The phrase itself did not gain widespread popularity until its use in 1986 during a government attempt to prevent the publication of Spycatcher, a book by a former MI5 officer, Peter Wright. Giving evidence at the trial, the head of the British Civil Service reportedly said of a letter: ‘It contains a misleading impression, not a lie. It was economical with the truth.’

Rhymes

agronomy, astronomy, autonomy, bonhomie, Deuteronomy, gastronomy, heteronomy, metonymy, physiognomy, taxonomy

Definition of economy in US English:

economy

nounəˈkɑnəmiəˈkänəmē

1The wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services.
经济
Example sentencesExamples
- The slowing global economy has weakened demand for Japan's high-technology exports, causing manufacturers to cut production and workers.
- The city's economy is booming, but the divide between the rich and everyone else is widening.
- On its most reliable measure Japan's stagnant economy grew by a surprising 0.6 % over the same period.
- But this would, in all likelihood, push the economy into a recession.
- Even a sluggish economy isn't likely to dampen the outlook for these Internet start-ups.
- Economically, coffee production came to dominate as Colombian insertion into the world market economy depended on this export commodity.
- As their home countries' economies grow and populations age, these flows are likely to get smaller.
- The city's economy depends on the flow of trade between the United States and Canada.
- The global capitalist economy remains the most important transnational force in the world today.
- China's economy slowed more than expected in the second quarter.
- Togo's stagnant, underdeveloped economy is largely dependent on agricultural exports.
- What's more, strong job growth suggests that a region's economy is expanding.
- As the city's economy continues to rapidly expand, the housing market booms.
- Corporate profitability and the profit share in the economy remain relatively strong.
- He reiterated the nation's economy is rebounding and that the government will continue to support growth.
- The country's market economy is based largely on agriculture.
- In 2003, the nation's economy expanded 6.9 percent.
- A recent shutdown at US docks nearly dragged the region's economies into recession.
- China's economy expanded 9.5 percent in the fourth quarter from the year earlier period.
- The integrated oil companies could also benefit as global economies continue to recover.
Synonyms
wealth, resources, financial resources
1. 1.1 A particular system or stage of an economy.
  经济制度，经济结构；经济情况
  a free-market economy
  自由市场经济。
  the less-developed economies
  较不发达的经济状况。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Now that the market economy has become the system of choice for more and more countries, a key political concern must be to locate the faultline.
  Deforestation set in motion a series of environmental changes that undermined the subsistence economy of the region.
  A booming rural economy, they hope, will boost the demand for industrial goods.
  The government has to start taking advantage of today's capitalist economy.
  The internet economy will be transformed by this second stage of barrier reduction.
  But declarations of support for the capitalist economy and the profit system were not enough.
  Rather, traditional trade unionists from militant areas of the private economy turned out to support a system that suits them.
  Overnight, it could become the delivery system of the digital economy.
  As always, it's a much neater and efficient system than a centralized economy.
  The farm economy in valley is dependent on the canal irrigation system which feeds tens of thousands of acres of land across the valley.
  It was an arrangement that covered most people, but with Deng Xiaoping's move to a market economy, the system was doomed.
  If you take the long view, the commodity economy passes through three stages.
2Careful management of available resources.
充分利用，节约，节省
even heat distribution and fuel economy
Example sentencesExamples
- As well as giving an impressive blend of performance and economy, the new engine is also quiet.
- Now the technology is there to boost fuel economy without sacrificing size or performance.
- Eaton expects the device to boost fuel economy by letting the engine idle during initial acceleration.
- It is equipped with particulate filter, and combines low emissions with good economy and excellent performance.
- As well as excellent fuel economy it also allows the company driver to avoid the three per cent benefit in kind diesel surcharge.
- And as their popularity has grown, overall U.S. fuel economy and gas consumption have gotten worse.
- We're trying to achieve higher targets of engine fuel economy, for example.
- It is super-luxurious, completely comfortable, but for the size of engine the fuel economy is actually quite good.
- In the auto-shift mode the system chooses the most logical gear for engine speed and fuel economy at any time.
- The transmission allows automatic scheduling of engine speed and transmission ratio for fuel economy.
- When it is your own home, you can pick the appliances you want and monitor your bills carefully to get good economy from gas and electricity.
- It is the one way to get fuel economy, emissions and performance improvement in the same package.
- The extra gears will improve low speed performance and increase fuel economy.
- After that you change over to synthetic oil for a small gain in power, fuel economy, and engine longevity.
- Selection for economy means that smaller cells must have smaller nuclei.
- Of course, many people are in favour of improving fuel economy, so are these safety concerns well-founded?
- GM estimates that direct injection can improve gas engine fuel economy by 10 percent.
- Fuel economy is excellent on a long run, up to 70 mpg, and even in the city you will get upwards of 43 mpg.
- Diesel engines also average about 15 percent better fuel economy over gasoline engines.
- So they're refined to drive, exhibit a bit of style and deliver excellent fuel economy.
Synonyms
thrift, providence, prudence, thriftiness, canniness, carefulness, care, good management, good husbandry, careful budgeting, economizing, saving, scrimping and saving, scrimping, restraint, frugality, fuel-saving, abstemiousness
1. 2.1 Sparing or careful use of something.
  节省，简练，简洁
  economy of words
  语言简练。
  Example sentencesExamples
  What marks out Benaud's commentary is not just his absolute economy of words, but his unerring eye for a story.
  He was known for his economy of words, and for his ability to let the pictures do the work.
  Despite his miss, Sheringham was still one of the better players in claret and blue, achieved, as always, with great economy of effort.
  Skill, in any sport, is the ability of the player to execute a technique with economy of effort.
  Synonyms
  thrift, providence, prudence, thriftiness, canniness, carefulness, care, good management, good husbandry, careful budgeting, economizing, saving, scrimping and saving, scrimping, restraint, frugality, fuel-saving, abstemiousness
2. 2.2usually economies A financial saving.
  钱财的节省（或节约）
  there were many economies to be made by giving up our offices in Manhattan
  放弃我们驻伦敦市中心的办事处可以节省许多开支。
  Synonyms
  reduction, cut, decrease
  economizing, frugality, thrift, thriftiness, retrenchment, cutting back, belt-tightening, penny-pinching
3. 2.3 The cheapest class of air or rail travel.
  （飞机或火车的）经济舱，经济座
  we flew economy
  我们乘坐的是经济舱。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The two of them quickly left the bathroom, greeted back into the economy class by general, but impressive pandemonium.
  Although he only has an economy class ticket he planks himself down in First Class and, despite the efforts of the steward, refuses to move.
  Those travelling in the executive class will have to opt for any one of the three items being provided in the first class, while those travelling in the economy class will have an option of only two items.
  The cost of his round-trip economy class ticket was only $570 whereas the one-way 20 kg surcharge amounted to no less than $700.
  Business travellers preferred Swissair for its economy class.
  Former spend-happy bankers, executives and traders are counting their dimes and travelling economy class.
  To this end, its executives decided to fly in economy class on short business trips, and to hold video conferences whenever possible.
  But Malaysia stands alone among the airlines flying here to score a marvellous five stars for its economy class long haul seating.
  As you probably know, the seats are really not a lot wider than those from economy class on the planes flying inside Europe.
  Another year and she would move from flying economy class to business class.
  It was my first time taking business class instead of economy class.
  Feeling a little awkward, she proceeded to the economy class of the aircraft.
  Like low-cost carriers, British European will offer discounted seats, as well as charging passengers for drinks in the economy class, and selling more tickets over the internet.
  Clooney, who reputedly flew in on economy class unannounced, was merely making a pit stop to check on his investment.
  He regularly uses public transport and flies economy class.
  He added the risk was equal for those travelling in first class as those in economy class.
  And despite his meteoric rise through the ranks, the teenager flies economy class and remains a long way from a world ranking that would command appearance fees from tournament promoters.
  In our case, people were pushed into economy class and executive class was totally empty.
  Of course, travelling economy class also means no luxurious restaurant car.
  I still travel economy class, I talk with the people around me.

adjectiveəˈkɑnəmiəˈkänəmē

1attributive (of a product) offering the best value for the money.
（产品）经济的，合算的，廉价的
in combination an economy pack
1. 1.1 Designed to be economical to use.
  节约型（设计）的，经济型的
  an economy car

Phrases

economy of scale

A proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production.
规模经济
Example sentencesExamples
- After that, they have to start going so far afield to procure corn that the extra transportation costs offset any gains from economy of scale in the processing operation.
- It could drive future sales and profits ahead through economies of scale and market share gains from competitive pricing.
- That means companies that serve the market gain vast manufacturing economies of scale.
- Meanwhile, parts producers cannot use the economies of scale to build businesses and create jobs.
- It just needs to take market share, gain economies of scale, and grow profitably.
- They don't benefit from economies of scale because their costs increase as they grow.
- They have total vertical integration and all of the costs savings that go with that in addition to economies of scale.
- Ford inaugurated the single-model car, which was both technologically advanced and inexpensive to buy, thanks to mass production and the economy of scale.
- Where there were few opportunities for economies of scale in production, brands had little role to play.
- He called for regional and local certification so that farmers could enjoy economies of scale in production.

economy of scope

A proportionate saving gained by producing two or more distinct goods, when the cost of doing so is less than that of producing each separately.
范围经济，范畴经济，纵深经济
Example sentencesExamples
- This permits the researcher to then estimate whether production of these outputs is characterized by general or specific economies of scale or economies of scope.
- To determine the impact of economies of scope we constructed two measures of plant complexity.
- On the other hand, the Samsung network has a long way to go in order to create a significant advantage deriving from the economies of scope expected from such networking.
- Specifically, a model with a greater number of extension outputs might reveal the presence of economies of scope between extension and research that our model does not reveal.
- They interpret the negative results for bidders to mean that any benefits from economies of scope in the acquisitions are totally reflected in the offering prices banks paid to target firms.
- Most empirical studies - which mainly refer to the United States - have also failed to find economies of scope in the banking industry.
- To the extent that a pair of business lines shares economies of scope, standard economic theory suggests that they will be combined.
- These problems seem to have been compounded by the lack of economies of scope for the drug.
- There is a potential after the next election that we might get a change in cross-media laws, in which case Fairfax will have to be fairly nimble, and look to acquire other businesses that'll give it economies of scope.

Origin

Late 15th century (in the sense ‘management of material resources’): from French économie, or via Latin from Greek oikonomia ‘household management’, based on oikos ‘house’ + nemein ‘manage’. Current senses date from the 17th century.

词汇	economy
释义	Definition of economy in English: economy nounPlural economies ɪˈkɒnəmiəˈkɑnəmi 1The state of a country or region in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services and the supply of money. 经济 he favours tax cuts to stimulate the economy Example sentencesExamples Togo's stagnant, underdeveloped economy is largely dependent on agricultural exports. Even a sluggish economy isn't likely to dampen the outlook for these Internet start-ups. Economically, coffee production came to dominate as Colombian insertion into the world market economy depended on this export commodity. Corporate profitability and the profit share in the economy remain relatively strong. He reiterated the nation's economy is rebounding and that the government will continue to support growth. China's economy expanded 9.5 percent in the fourth quarter from the year earlier period. China's economy slowed more than expected in the second quarter. In 2003, the nation's economy expanded 6.9 percent. The country's market economy is based largely on agriculture. The slowing global economy has weakened demand for Japan's high-technology exports, causing manufacturers to cut production and workers. The global capitalist economy remains the most important transnational force in the world today. What's more, strong job growth suggests that a region's economy is expanding. The integrated oil companies could also benefit as global economies continue to recover. On its most reliable measure Japan's stagnant economy grew by a surprising 0.6 % over the same period. A recent shutdown at US docks nearly dragged the region's economies into recession. The city's economy depends on the flow of trade between the United States and Canada. As their home countries' economies grow and populations age, these flows are likely to get smaller. As the city's economy continues to rapidly expand, the housing market booms. But this would, in all likelihood, push the economy into a recession. The city's economy is booming, but the divide between the rich and everyone else is widening. Synonyms wealth, (financial) resources financial system, financial state, financial management 1.1 A particular system or stage of an economy. 经济制度，经济结构；经济情况 a free-market economy 自由市场经济。 Example sentencesExamples A booming rural economy, they hope, will boost the demand for industrial goods. Overnight, it could become the delivery system of the digital economy. The internet economy will be transformed by this second stage of barrier reduction. The farm economy in valley is dependent on the canal irrigation system which feeds tens of thousands of acres of land across the valley. But declarations of support for the capitalist economy and the profit system were not enough. As always, it's a much neater and efficient system than a centralized economy. Deforestation set in motion a series of environmental changes that undermined the subsistence economy of the region. Rather, traditional trade unionists from militant areas of the private economy turned out to support a system that suits them. Now that the market economy has become the system of choice for more and more countries, a key political concern must be to locate the faultline. It was an arrangement that covered most people, but with Deng Xiaoping's move to a market economy, the system was doomed. If you take the long view, the commodity economy passes through three stages. The government has to start taking advantage of today's capitalist economy. 2mass noun Careful management of available resources. 充分利用，节约，节省 fuel economy 燃料的充分利用。 Example sentencesExamples GM estimates that direct injection can improve gas engine fuel economy by 10 percent. Fuel economy is excellent on a long run, up to 70 mpg, and even in the city you will get upwards of 43 mpg. And as their popularity has grown, overall U.S. fuel economy and gas consumption have gotten worse. As well as giving an impressive blend of performance and economy, the new engine is also quiet. It is the one way to get fuel economy, emissions and performance improvement in the same package. As well as excellent fuel economy it also allows the company driver to avoid the three per cent benefit in kind diesel surcharge. The extra gears will improve low speed performance and increase fuel economy. In the auto-shift mode the system chooses the most logical gear for engine speed and fuel economy at any time. So they're refined to drive, exhibit a bit of style and deliver excellent fuel economy. The transmission allows automatic scheduling of engine speed and transmission ratio for fuel economy. Eaton expects the device to boost fuel economy by letting the engine idle during initial acceleration. Selection for economy means that smaller cells must have smaller nuclei. Of course, many people are in favour of improving fuel economy, so are these safety concerns well-founded? After that you change over to synthetic oil for a small gain in power, fuel economy, and engine longevity. When it is your own home, you can pick the appliances you want and monitor your bills carefully to get good economy from gas and electricity. Diesel engines also average about 15 percent better fuel economy over gasoline engines. Now the technology is there to boost fuel economy without sacrificing size or performance. We're trying to achieve higher targets of engine fuel economy, for example. It is equipped with particulate filter, and combines low emissions with good economy and excellent performance. It is super-luxurious, completely comfortable, but for the size of engine the fuel economy is actually quite good. Synonyms thrift, providence, prudence, thriftiness, canniness, carefulness, care, good management, good husbandry, careful budgeting, economizing, saving, scrimping and saving, scrimping, restraint, frugality, fuel-saving, abstemiousness 2.1as modifier Offering good value for money. an economy pack of soap flakes 一包经济装的肥皂片。 Example sentencesExamples That's when you stop buying premium cuts from Sainsbury's and force-feed yourself a grisly tinned economy brand. That included a huge family cauliflower for 99p and a pack of four rather than two economy kitchen towels. Unlike most economy cars, four tall adults fit easily and comfortably into the Mazda3. She doesn't go hungry, have to work in a factory, beg at the bank, give up the high heels or buy economy margarine. If you buy economy brands, remember they may not be as effective as more expensive ones. There are also a number of different economy rooms. 2.2 Sparing or careful use of something. 节省，简练，简洁 a technique based on economy of effort Example sentencesExamples What marks out Benaud's commentary is not just his absolute economy of words, but his unerring eye for a story. Despite his miss, Sheringham was still one of the better players in claret and blue, achieved, as always, with great economy of effort. He was known for his economy of words, and for his ability to let the pictures do the work. Skill, in any sport, is the ability of the player to execute a technique with economy of effort. Synonyms thrift, providence, prudence, thriftiness, canniness, carefulness, care, good management, good husbandry, careful budgeting, economizing, saving, scrimping and saving, scrimping, restraint, frugality, fuel-saving, abstemiousness 2.3usually economiescount noun A financial saving. 钱财的节省（或节约） there were many economies to be made by giving up our London offices 放弃我们驻伦敦市中心的办事处可以节省许多开支。 Synonyms reduction, cut, decrease economizing, frugality, thrift, thriftiness, retrenchment, cutting back, belt-tightening, penny-pinching 2.4 The cheapest class of air or rail travel. （飞机或火车的）经济舱，经济座 we flew economy 我们乘坐的是经济舱。 Example sentencesExamples Like low-cost carriers, British European will offer discounted seats, as well as charging passengers for drinks in the economy class, and selling more tickets over the internet. Business travellers preferred Swissair for its economy class. In our case, people were pushed into economy class and executive class was totally empty. Feeling a little awkward, she proceeded to the economy class of the aircraft. It was my first time taking business class instead of economy class. The two of them quickly left the bathroom, greeted back into the economy class by general, but impressive pandemonium. I still travel economy class, I talk with the people around me. He added the risk was equal for those travelling in first class as those in economy class. And despite his meteoric rise through the ranks, the teenager flies economy class and remains a long way from a world ranking that would command appearance fees from tournament promoters. Former spend-happy bankers, executives and traders are counting their dimes and travelling economy class. Those travelling in the executive class will have to opt for any one of the three items being provided in the first class, while those travelling in the economy class will have an option of only two items. But Malaysia stands alone among the airlines flying here to score a marvellous five stars for its economy class long haul seating. Another year and she would move from flying economy class to business class. To this end, its executives decided to fly in economy class on short business trips, and to hold video conferences whenever possible. The cost of his round-trip economy class ticket was only $570 whereas the one-way 20 kg surcharge amounted to no less than $700. Although he only has an economy class ticket he planks himself down in First Class and, despite the efforts of the steward, refuses to move. Of course, travelling economy class also means no luxurious restaurant car. As you probably know, the seats are really not a lot wider than those from economy class on the planes flying inside Europe. He regularly uses public transport and flies economy class. Clooney, who reputedly flew in on economy class unannounced, was merely making a pit stop to check on his investment. Phrases economy of scale A proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production. 规模经济 mergers may lead to economies of scale Example sentencesExamples It could drive future sales and profits ahead through economies of scale and market share gains from competitive pricing. Ford inaugurated the single-model car, which was both technologically advanced and inexpensive to buy, thanks to mass production and the economy of scale. It just needs to take market share, gain economies of scale, and grow profitably. He called for regional and local certification so that farmers could enjoy economies of scale in production. They don't benefit from economies of scale because their costs increase as they grow. Where there were few opportunities for economies of scale in production, brands had little role to play. That means companies that serve the market gain vast manufacturing economies of scale. After that, they have to start going so far afield to procure corn that the extra transportation costs offset any gains from economy of scale in the processing operation. They have total vertical integration and all of the costs savings that go with that in addition to economies of scale. Meanwhile, parts producers cannot use the economies of scale to build businesses and create jobs. economy of scope A proportionate saving gained by producing two or more distinct goods, when the cost of doing so is less than that of producing each separately. 范围经济，范畴经济，纵深经济 Example sentencesExamples There is a potential after the next election that we might get a change in cross-media laws, in which case Fairfax will have to be fairly nimble, and look to acquire other businesses that'll give it economies of scope. Most empirical studies - which mainly refer to the United States - have also failed to find economies of scope in the banking industry. They interpret the negative results for bidders to mean that any benefits from economies of scope in the acquisitions are totally reflected in the offering prices banks paid to target firms. This permits the researcher to then estimate whether production of these outputs is characterized by general or specific economies of scale or economies of scope. These problems seem to have been compounded by the lack of economies of scope for the drug. On the other hand, the Samsung network has a long way to go in order to create a significant advantage deriving from the economies of scope expected from such networking. To the extent that a pair of business lines shares economies of scope, standard economic theory suggests that they will be combined. Specifically, a model with a greater number of extension outputs might reveal the presence of economies of scope between extension and research that our model does not reveal. To determine the impact of economies of scope we constructed two measures of plant complexity. Origin Late 15th century (in the sense 'management of material resources'): from French économie, or via Latin from Greek oikonomia 'household management', based on oikos 'house' + nemein 'manage'. Current senses date from the 17th century. Like ecology, economy and economical come from Greek oikos ‘house’, and in the 15th century they were spelled oikonomy and oikonomical. Economy was then ‘the art or science of managing a household’ and ‘the way in which household finances are managed’. The sense expanded in the 17th century to cover the management of a country's finances. Being economical with the truth is a euphemism for lying or deliberately withholding information. Mark Twain commented in Following the Equator (1897), ‘Truth is the most valuable thing we have. Let us economize it.’ The phrase itself did not gain widespread popularity until its use in 1986 during a government attempt to prevent the publication of Spycatcher, a book by a former MI5 officer, Peter Wright. Giving evidence at the trial, the head of the British Civil Service reportedly said of a letter: ‘It contains a misleading impression, not a lie. It was economical with the truth.’ Rhymes agronomy, astronomy, autonomy, bonhomie, Deuteronomy, gastronomy, heteronomy, metonymy, physiognomy, taxonomy noun.1 phr. Definition of economy in US English: economy nounəˈkɑnəmiəˈkänəmē 1The wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services. 经济 Example sentencesExamples The slowing global economy has weakened demand for Japan's high-technology exports, causing manufacturers to cut production and workers. The city's economy is booming, but the divide between the rich and everyone else is widening. On its most reliable measure Japan's stagnant economy grew by a surprising 0.6 % over the same period. But this would, in all likelihood, push the economy into a recession. Even a sluggish economy isn't likely to dampen the outlook for these Internet start-ups. Economically, coffee production came to dominate as Colombian insertion into the world market economy depended on this export commodity. As their home countries' economies grow and populations age, these flows are likely to get smaller. The city's economy depends on the flow of trade between the United States and Canada. The global capitalist economy remains the most important transnational force in the world today. China's economy slowed more than expected in the second quarter. Togo's stagnant, underdeveloped economy is largely dependent on agricultural exports. What's more, strong job growth suggests that a region's economy is expanding. As the city's economy continues to rapidly expand, the housing market booms. Corporate profitability and the profit share in the economy remain relatively strong. He reiterated the nation's economy is rebounding and that the government will continue to support growth. The country's market economy is based largely on agriculture. In 2003, the nation's economy expanded 6.9 percent. A recent shutdown at US docks nearly dragged the region's economies into recession. China's economy expanded 9.5 percent in the fourth quarter from the year earlier period. The integrated oil companies could also benefit as global economies continue to recover. Synonyms wealth, resources, financial resources 1.1 A particular system or stage of an economy. 经济制度，经济结构；经济情况 a free-market economy 自由市场经济。 the less-developed economies 较不发达的经济状况。 Example sentencesExamples Now that the market economy has become the system of choice for more and more countries, a key political concern must be to locate the faultline. Deforestation set in motion a series of environmental changes that undermined the subsistence economy of the region. A booming rural economy, they hope, will boost the demand for industrial goods. The government has to start taking advantage of today's capitalist economy. The internet economy will be transformed by this second stage of barrier reduction. But declarations of support for the capitalist economy and the profit system were not enough. Rather, traditional trade unionists from militant areas of the private economy turned out to support a system that suits them. Overnight, it could become the delivery system of the digital economy. As always, it's a much neater and efficient system than a centralized economy. The farm economy in valley is dependent on the canal irrigation system which feeds tens of thousands of acres of land across the valley. It was an arrangement that covered most people, but with Deng Xiaoping's move to a market economy, the system was doomed. If you take the long view, the commodity economy passes through three stages. 2Careful management of available resources. 充分利用，节约，节省 even heat distribution and fuel economy Example sentencesExamples As well as giving an impressive blend of performance and economy, the new engine is also quiet. Now the technology is there to boost fuel economy without sacrificing size or performance. Eaton expects the device to boost fuel economy by letting the engine idle during initial acceleration. It is equipped with particulate filter, and combines low emissions with good economy and excellent performance. As well as excellent fuel economy it also allows the company driver to avoid the three per cent benefit in kind diesel surcharge. And as their popularity has grown, overall U.S. fuel economy and gas consumption have gotten worse. We're trying to achieve higher targets of engine fuel economy, for example. It is super-luxurious, completely comfortable, but for the size of engine the fuel economy is actually quite good. In the auto-shift mode the system chooses the most logical gear for engine speed and fuel economy at any time. The transmission allows automatic scheduling of engine speed and transmission ratio for fuel economy. When it is your own home, you can pick the appliances you want and monitor your bills carefully to get good economy from gas and electricity. It is the one way to get fuel economy, emissions and performance improvement in the same package. The extra gears will improve low speed performance and increase fuel economy. After that you change over to synthetic oil for a small gain in power, fuel economy, and engine longevity. Selection for economy means that smaller cells must have smaller nuclei. Of course, many people are in favour of improving fuel economy, so are these safety concerns well-founded? GM estimates that direct injection can improve gas engine fuel economy by 10 percent. Fuel economy is excellent on a long run, up to 70 mpg, and even in the city you will get upwards of 43 mpg. Diesel engines also average about 15 percent better fuel economy over gasoline engines. So they're refined to drive, exhibit a bit of style and deliver excellent fuel economy. Synonyms thrift, providence, prudence, thriftiness, canniness, carefulness, care, good management, good husbandry, careful budgeting, economizing, saving, scrimping and saving, scrimping, restraint, frugality, fuel-saving, abstemiousness 2.1 Sparing or careful use of something. 节省，简练，简洁 economy of words 语言简练。 Example sentencesExamples What marks out Benaud's commentary is not just his absolute economy of words, but his unerring eye for a story. He was known for his economy of words, and for his ability to let the pictures do the work. Despite his miss, Sheringham was still one of the better players in claret and blue, achieved, as always, with great economy of effort. Skill, in any sport, is the ability of the player to execute a technique with economy of effort. Synonyms thrift, providence, prudence, thriftiness, canniness, carefulness, care, good management, good husbandry, careful budgeting, economizing, saving, scrimping and saving, scrimping, restraint, frugality, fuel-saving, abstemiousness 2.2usually economies A financial saving. 钱财的节省（或节约） there were many economies to be made by giving up our offices in Manhattan 放弃我们驻伦敦市中心的办事处可以节省许多开支。 Synonyms reduction, cut, decrease economizing, frugality, thrift, thriftiness, retrenchment, cutting back, belt-tightening, penny-pinching 2.3 The cheapest class of air or rail travel. （飞机或火车的）经济舱，经济座 we flew economy 我们乘坐的是经济舱。 Example sentencesExamples The two of them quickly left the bathroom, greeted back into the economy class by general, but impressive pandemonium. Although he only has an economy class ticket he planks himself down in First Class and, despite the efforts of the steward, refuses to move. Those travelling in the executive class will have to opt for any one of the three items being provided in the first class, while those travelling in the economy class will have an option of only two items. The cost of his round-trip economy class ticket was only $570 whereas the one-way 20 kg surcharge amounted to no less than $700. Business travellers preferred Swissair for its economy class. Former spend-happy bankers, executives and traders are counting their dimes and travelling economy class. To this end, its executives decided to fly in economy class on short business trips, and to hold video conferences whenever possible. But Malaysia stands alone among the airlines flying here to score a marvellous five stars for its economy class long haul seating. As you probably know, the seats are really not a lot wider than those from economy class on the planes flying inside Europe. Another year and she would move from flying economy class to business class. It was my first time taking business class instead of economy class. Feeling a little awkward, she proceeded to the economy class of the aircraft. Like low-cost carriers, British European will offer discounted seats, as well as charging passengers for drinks in the economy class, and selling more tickets over the internet. Clooney, who reputedly flew in on economy class unannounced, was merely making a pit stop to check on his investment. He regularly uses public transport and flies economy class. He added the risk was equal for those travelling in first class as those in economy class. And despite his meteoric rise through the ranks, the teenager flies economy class and remains a long way from a world ranking that would command appearance fees from tournament promoters. In our case, people were pushed into economy class and executive class was totally empty. Of course, travelling economy class also means no luxurious restaurant car. I still travel economy class, I talk with the people around me. adjectiveəˈkɑnəmiəˈkänəmē 1attributive (of a product) offering the best value for the money. （产品）经济的，合算的，廉价的 in combination an economy pack 1.1 Designed to be economical to use. 节约型（设计）的，经济型的 an economy car Phrases economy of scale A proportionate saving in costs gained by an increased level of production. 规模经济 Example sentencesExamples After that, they have to start going so far afield to procure corn that the extra transportation costs offset any gains from economy of scale in the processing operation. It could drive future sales and profits ahead through economies of scale and market share gains from competitive pricing. That means companies that serve the market gain vast manufacturing economies of scale. Meanwhile, parts producers cannot use the economies of scale to build businesses and create jobs. It just needs to take market share, gain economies of scale, and grow profitably. They don't benefit from economies of scale because their costs increase as they grow. They have total vertical integration and all of the costs savings that go with that in addition to economies of scale. Ford inaugurated the single-model car, which was both technologically advanced and inexpensive to buy, thanks to mass production and the economy of scale. Where there were few opportunities for economies of scale in production, brands had little role to play. He called for regional and local certification so that farmers could enjoy economies of scale in production. economy of scope A proportionate saving gained by producing two or more distinct goods, when the cost of doing so is less than that of producing each separately. 范围经济，范畴经济，纵深经济 Example sentencesExamples This permits the researcher to then estimate whether production of these outputs is characterized by general or specific economies of scale or economies of scope. To determine the impact of economies of scope we constructed two measures of plant complexity. On the other hand, the Samsung network has a long way to go in order to create a significant advantage deriving from the economies of scope expected from such networking. Specifically, a model with a greater number of extension outputs might reveal the presence of economies of scope between extension and research that our model does not reveal. They interpret the negative results for bidders to mean that any benefits from economies of scope in the acquisitions are totally reflected in the offering prices banks paid to target firms. Most empirical studies - which mainly refer to the United States - have also failed to find economies of scope in the banking industry. To the extent that a pair of business lines shares economies of scope, standard economic theory suggests that they will be combined. These problems seem to have been compounded by the lack of economies of scope for the drug. There is a potential after the next election that we might get a change in cross-media laws, in which case Fairfax will have to be fairly nimble, and look to acquire other businesses that'll give it economies of scope. Origin Late 15th century (in the sense ‘management of material resources’): from French économie, or via Latin from Greek oikonomia ‘household management’, based on oikos ‘house’ + nemein ‘manage’. Current senses date from the 17th century. noun.1 phr.
随便看	flog flog a dead horse flog a dead horse flogged flogger flogger flogging flogging flogging brush floggings flogs flog to death flokati flokati rug flokatis flood floodable flood control flood damage flooded flooder floodgate flood-gate floodgates flood-gates