Definition of marginal in English:

marginal

adjective ˈmɑːdʒɪn(ə)lˈmɑrdʒənl

1Relating to or at the edge or margin.
（与）（在）边缘（有关）的，（与）（在）边沿（有关）的
marginal notes
边注。
Example sentencesExamples
- As it turns out the British Museum copy of this manuscript has copious marginal notes by none other than Dr. John Dee.
- Second, the timing of amalgamation of the Central Zone to either of the adjacent marginal zones and/or cratons is more unclear than ever.
- The backward stretching and branching septal folds are confined to a narrow marginal zone of the septa.
- A marginal inscription notes that Captain Cook first sighted the south-eastern corner, where settlement began.
- The margins are straight, with discordant injection veins, and grade into a marginal cataclasite zone adjacent to the mylonite.
- The book is designed with marginal notes, which takes some getting used to but are very helpful.
- Much of this is well-documented but neglected history, a marginal note to the complex story of the Risorgimento and Italian unification.
- For one thing, all my marginal notes are missing.
- The latter has not survived but it can be partially recreated from the marginal notes made on the text of the 1542 inventory.
- Moreover, in the Spanish material, a faint additional ridge exists between the marginal structure and the border.
- But the wider importance of the phrase was only made clear by a marginal note in one of his notebooks.
- It should be noted that the term diminished responsibility is not used in s. 2; it appears in the marginal note.
- Not all annotations and marginal notes were politically motivated or denominationally influenced.
- ‘Fiscal rot’ was his marginal note on a chart showing the growth of the public debt in the 1990s.
- Read through your data again, but this time begin to make marginal notes about significant remarks or observations.
- It included marginal notes which commended it to the Puritans, who wished to study it without need of priestly interpretation.
- It is worth making a marginal note of such matters as you go through, because it may be that you may not be able to bring them to mind later on.
- The activities of a parallel spirit world are described in marginal notes to the poem.
- David Parker introduced a provision to create marginal strips around sensitive land such as lakes and rivers.
- A narrow marginal band that is darker in color than the interior region of the shell appears in Newton's figure 21.6.
1. 1.1 Relating to water adjacent to the land's edge or coast.
  （与）岸边水域（有关）的
  water lilies and marginal aquatics
  荷花与近岸水生植物。
  Example sentencesExamples
  He used pole and maggot in the marginal slack water for a mixed net of small roach and perch scaling 3lb 9oz.
  These beasts lived largely in the sea and marginal river basins, where they hunted prey with their formidable crab-like claws.
  As a plus, marginal water clarity can be productive, especially with live bait.
  Beware of the razor-edged oyster-shells or the stinging fish (theli meen) in the muddy marginal waters.
  A bed of reed-mace extended a few feet out on a shallower marginal shelf before the drop off into the deeper water.
  All dead and yellowing growth should be cleared from marginal plants and water lilies, and submerged aquatics that are getting out of hand should be thinned out.
  Keep the hammer down and do not squander the early start behind shrimp boats in marginal water.
2Minor and not important; not central.
次要的，不重要的；非主要的
it seems likely to make only a marginal difference
这似乎只会产生无关紧要的差别。
the cost is negligible, less than marginal
Example sentencesExamples
- But for all the dramatic swings between the various parties, there are only marginal political differences between them.
- Types of work which are now marginal were still important.
- Such is the nature of American fencing that even at the nationals, marginal swashbucklers like me can end up dueling an Olympian.
- Communities can also demand that PE be treated as more than a marginal school pursuit.
- This could have been the basis of an interesting discussion of how marginal or central such songs were to Finland.
- In 1914, the submarine was seen as a weapon of marginal importance.
- Social network connections provide marginal members of the elite with the capacity to translate their interests into action.
- The added hassle of tighter security plays only a marginal role in explaining lower business travel.
- Privately, kin groups are important, but politically and economically, they play a marginal role.
- He lambasted software companies for piling on marginal features in incessant upgrades that can downgrade user efficiency.
- UBS is even carving out a position in U.S. investment banking, where it was once a marginal player.
- The conservatives condemned them as a threat to proper socialist control; the reformers saw them as of marginal importance and largely a waste of resources.
- In The Dew Breaker each separate story is a fragment of another; a marginal character or incident in an episode becomes central to a later one.
- At low growth irradiance, light was the most important determinant of acclimation, while the effect of low nutrient supply was of only marginal importance.
- Cairy listened and made mental notes of what even seemed to be marginal important information.
- Consequently, the ectopterygoids are pushed out of the way and become fairly marginal elements.
- Given these numbers it is clear that clemency was marginal to the criminal justice system.
- Though the use of the horse as a draught animal was spreading, this was of marginal importance.
- Such creative financing is letting even marginal buyers purchase houses with price tags that used to appeal only to the rich and famous.
- In the same way women are central - not marginal - to the process of reproduction.
Synonyms
slight, small, tiny, minute, low, minor, insignificant, minimal, negligible
1. 2.1 (of costs or benefits) relating to or resulting from small or unit changes.
  （主要指成本或收益）（与）微小（单位）变化有关的，由微小（单位）变化引起的
  the issue is to estimate the marginal benefit from the increased frequency of screening examinations against the marginal increased cost
  Example sentencesExamples
  Economic theory would dictate use of marginal price, but average price is often the only price measure available.
  If he is rational, he will choose a price that maximizes his profit, the price that equates marginal cost with marginal revenue.
  In the week ended June 19, first-time claims for jobless benefits recorded a marginal increase, at 351,000.
  Dramatic congestion relief can be obtained by applying short-run marginal social cost pricing to street networks.
  In each country, the long-run perfectly competitive equilibrium price equals marginal production cost plus the per unit tax.
  Thus short-run marginal costing rather than LRMC is the appropriate pricing strategy.
  Increasing rates of reproduction will drop marginal production costs and, therefore, prices.
  In other words, we assume that the marginal and average costs of production remain equal and constant as output expands.
  The variable, total, marginal and average costs are calculated along with total revenue and profit or loss.
  By the 1990s, the use of frequent flyer programmes had become more widespread and their revenue benefits marginal.
  Hyundai Motor India has announced a marginal price increase for all its cars across segments to reflect the incidence of Education Cess.
  Utility accounting is notoriously arcane and based on aggregate, not marginal, costs.
  You have gone back to define market power, I thought, as the ability to charge above marginal prices.
  In the past the market mispriced oil due to distortions of low marginal production costs.
2. 2.2 (of taxation) relating to increases in income.
  （指税款）同收入增长有关的
  the marginal tax rates on these incomes rise to as much as 80 per cent in some republics
  Example sentencesExamples
  First of all, as the marginal income tax rate increases, the incentive to work decreases as less and less of one's earnings are actually kept for their own use.
  Since the tax refund is based on the taxpayer's marginal tax rate, it's prudent in some cases to defer deducting the RRSP contribution.
  BC now has the second lowest top marginal personal income tax rate in Canada, and the fourth lowest general corporate income tax rate.
  If its discovered that someone hid hot money - so there was no tax paid - the entire amount becomes subject to income tax at the marginal rate.
  Everybody seems to think that progressive income tax is a good idea, with the marginal tax rate rising on higher incomes.
  You can claim money spent on doctors, physiotherapists, psychiatrists and qualifying medicines at your marginal rate of income tax.
  However, when the earned income credit is phased out, there is a dramatic increase in a couple's marginal tax rate.
  Under the old system, tax allowances were worth more to a higher rate taxpayer, who received relief at the marginal rate of income tax.
  Gross it up by your marginal rate of income tax and you see the full horrors of the Stealth Tax policy.
  People on $60,000 face an effective marginal taxation rate of around 90c in the dollar.
  But the Minister in the chair should tell us what will happen to that family's effective marginal taxation rate as its income goes a bit higher.
  The employee is charged income tax at the marginal tax rate on the difference between the interest rate paid on the loan and the deemed rate as outlined above.
  Pensions are the most tax-efficient way to invest, because tax relief at a member's marginal rate of income tax is allowed.
  There are people in this country who pay effective marginal taxation rates that are far higher than this legislation implies.
  It is therefore highly necessary to reduce the effective marginal taxation to enhance the incentive to work.
  The tax cuts passed by Congress last year lowered the marginal tax rate for most taxpayers.
  He said the effective marginal taxation rate should be 105 percent.
  There should be a capital gain on maturity which will attract capital gains tax rather than an investor's marginal rate of income tax.
  However the stated purpose of the tax cuts is to increase economic growth, and this is determined by the marginal tax rate.
  Earned - income tax credits topped up wages and reduced the high marginal tax rates that would otherwise occur as benefits were withdrawn.
3(of a decision or distinction) very narrow; borderline.
（决定，区别）非常勉强的
a marginal offside decision
一次非常勉强的越位判罚。
Example sentencesExamples
- The marginal difference in the growth pattern, as we will see a bit later, has more to do with socio-economic factors than religious ones.
- You stood by me when I missed the first prize by a marginal difference of two marks, and you made me feel that I still had reasons to be proud of myself.
- There was a marginal difference in the levels of support among urban voters compared to rural ones, with city dwellers only slightly more likely to vote no.
- Those figures showed a very marginal lead as you note and we can take that back.
- We got to get in the show, but I think if you start 23rd or 33rd, over 500 miles it's going to be very marginal difference.
- However, to the dismay of the home-support a marginal offside decision went United's way.
- Any righteous indignation on the part of the Americans at that stage was undermined by replays which suggested the offside decision was marginal.
- It was tough on Pres Milltown who gave it everything but they just gave St Pats too big a lead and had little luck with marginal decisions.
- The initial decision to extend the case was marginal, as was the decision to grant indefinite leave to remain two weeks later.
- I suspect that the present approach, despite being incredibly expensive, is making only a marginal difference.
- For one of these consumers the decision has been a marginal one, and had the price been any higher the purchase would not be made.
- Aren't we really discussing some small, marginal difference in income here?
- This marginal difference in formula makes no difference in this case.
- I've been bracketing between 1-4 sec exposures, and the differences are marginal.
- It seems to me, at the moment in this case, that it is not as if this is a marginal difference of a small degree.
- Which one a student decides to attend is a personal choice that should be influenced not a whit by a marginal difference in rankings.
- Fixed fees also have no impact on marginal decisions about whether to drive more or fewer miles in a year, since annual mileage is not related to the tax rate.
- There were marginal differences in the side effects, with no statistical significance.
- On such small margins - and this was a marginal decision - are reputations saved.
Synonyms
borderline, disputable, questionable, doubtful
1. 3.1British (of a parliamentary or council seat) held by a small majority and therefore at risk in an election.
  〈主英〉（指议会席位）占微弱多数的
  Example sentencesExamples
  It is true that the polls show very little movement either way, but there are plenty of marginal seats in Victoria and in a close election they cannot be ignored.
  The final result of the general election was declared yesterday as Labour clung on to the marginal seat of Harlow by just 97 votes.
  Tories are setting up a war unit to target three marginal General Election seats in Bradford, it was revealed today.
  In fact, there was little turnover of seats at general elections and the two main parties concentrated on the fifty or so marginal seats which decided the outcome of a general election.
  Once upon a time his own seat was quite marginal, and it was often touch and go on election night - him never knowing if he was going to stay in parliament or not.
  One returning officer in the marginal seat of Dorset South said hundreds of voters had rung up to cancel postal votes owing to fears of fraud.
  He now plans to vote Labour in the marginal seat of Battersea.
  Nationally that figures has soared by 500 per cent in marginal seats in the election.
  By spending time in the places with marginal seats, he aims to find out what the voters really want and what the towns and surrounding areas really need.
  Labour, having survived this year's election, has been left with a heavy crop of marginal seats to defend.
  A Tory spokesman claimed ministers had hoped to keep a lid on the crisis, in a region full of marginal seats, until after the election on May 5.
  Catching these ‘missing voters’ could make a significant difference to the results of elections in marginal seats.
  No longer would elections be decided in a small number of marginal seats - parties would be forced to campaign for every last vote, everywhere.
  The closeness of voting in marginal seats in both state and federal elections demonstrates that our individual votes do matter.
  It was only restarted after Labour realised it was in a marginal seat and could be a vote-winner in the next election.
  Conservative voters in marginal seats: Grit your teeth and vote Labour.
  He said he was determined to visit each of the party's key marginal seats at least once before the next election.
  Leeds North West, which encompasses Otley, has been targeted by the Liberal Democrats and Tories as a key marginal seat in their election campaigns.
  The ballot boxes may not open until 5 May, but the postal votes on which many of Labour's most marginal seats will be decided began dropping on to doormats last weekend.
  Add to this the fact that many of their marginal seats are electing councillors, and this is a big test.
2. 3.2 Close to the limit of profitability, especially through difficulty of exploitation.
  （尤指经过艰难经营）勉强获利的
  marginal farmland
  收益微薄的农田。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Underneath that wide smile, he scares marginal McDonald's store operators with his frankness.
  Africa is so vast and fertile that we don't need GM crops to increase yields or to enable us to use marginal land.
  How do we begin to value the agriculture of these marginal lands so that it can compete in this unfair internal market?
  In some cases the provision grounds comprised marginal, unproductive land; in others the soil was ideal for food crops.
  Landowners can offer eligible cropland and marginal pastureland in these watersheds.
  He notes that the northern grazing industry has usually been economically marginal, rarely very profitable.
  Majors couldn't be bothered with marginal fields and were willing to sell off production.
  GM can make crops more efficient, putting marginal land back to nature and reducing pesticide use.
  Farmers originally received grants to plant forests on marginal farmland.
  The result of this is that any such marginal parcel of land will be sold at the market price determined by the opportunity cost of land.
  A poor man is driven on to marginal land; he is not suffered to live on good land at a low rent.
  And that rent is still a differential relative to the output at marginal land.
  For example, aluminum-tolerant crops could allow farmers in developing nations to plant on marginal lands.
  But the crops promoted are often inappropriate, the lands used marginal and the returns diminishing.
  Let us assume a two-factor (land and labour) economy, in which a plot of marginal land yields no rent.
  Thus, the model indicated that marginal land could be put into the conservation reservation program or similar other programs.

noun ˈmɑːdʒɪn(ə)lˈmɑrdʒənl

1British A seat in a parliament or on a council that is held by a small majority and is at risk in an election.
〈主英〉（指议会席位）占微弱多数的
she is defending a key marginal for the Tories
Example sentencesExamples
- Both leaders were in Adelaide today - a state where the seats are marginals, the voters are fickle and the Democrats are strong.
- In the marginals the battle was much closer than the national polls suggested.
- Some are willing to vote against Labour even in seats where a Tory can win - the majority of Labour's marginals.
- But there is growing evidence that all three parties are seeking to maximise their postal vote in key marginals, where applications for such votes have risen by 200% or more.
- If people want to bring down the Howard Government, they need to help Labor do it in the marginals and then run a guerrilla style campaign in the safe seats that would do the Viet Cong proud.
- ‘All these polls indicate is that there will be a dogfight for the last seat in all key marginals and the vote will be so tight it is hard for anyone to call it,’ the Fine Gael spokesman said.
- Senior Labour sources said that their own polling in 107 key marginals showed that the Tories would win the election if one in 10 Labour voters switched to another party or did not vote.
- Some of the biggest swings against Labor were in its safe seats, not the marginals.
- The Coalition just needs to frustrate the ALP; the more likely gains for Labor are marginals with retiring members.
- And two-party preferred says nothing about the rural and regional marginals… where elections are won and lost now.
- The Labour MP was defending an already tight 2,138 majority in a seat targeted as a key marginal by Tory chiefs.
- It is because these two characters are males from the right that the Machine has tied itself in such knots trying to balance the factions and the sexes in the Liberal-held marginals.
- The current pendulum's marginals will produce a mixed result.
- Bristol West is one of the closest fought marginals in the country, and a rarity in that all three parties are within striking distance of victory.
- But it wasn't just in the regions and the marginals that a different election was going on.
- While a higher top rate would win back Labour waverers on the left, the fear among the party's strategists is that it would risk losing swing voters in the key marginals, and that the net effect could be negative.
- It was aimed squarely at the cluster of key provincial and regional marginals that will decide the election.
- Not all the government marginals are in Victoria.
- Lib Dem strategists said their vote had risen in the target marginals by 15 percentage points since the start of the election, even if the national poll rating had only crept up.
- Cook kept faith with voting reform, maintaining the present system depresses turnout and contributes to ‘lack of colour’ as parties compete for the swing voter in key marginals.
2A plant that grows in water close to the edge of land.
岸边水生植物
remove any dead foliage on water lilies and marginals
Example sentencesExamples
- There is a lot of colour in the planting of the marginals around the pond and the fragrance from them was divine.
- They correspond to facets for the articulation of two rows of spines along lateral edges of marginals.
- Whoever made the original choice of plants did a splendid job, leaving us a mix of marginals, surface-leaved and submerged oxygenating plants, all of which I would highly recommend to fellow novice pond keepers.
- However, an important difference is in the shape of the crescentic facets on the proximal edge of the marginals.

Derivatives

marginality

noun mɑːdʒɪˈnalɪti

But he says it is futile to try and start a leftist party out of ‘small groups condemned to marginality.’
Example sentencesExamples
- They found a way to combine the economic interests of publishers, bookstores, and poets to overcome the financial marginality of serious literature.
- I became very conscious of the marginality of teacher educators in the eyes of heads of schools when I was a senior lecturer in an English college of education.
- We have never acknowledged, let alone reconciled ourselves to, the marginality and passivity of our position in modern times.
- We associate marginality with self-consciousness, with the possibility of critical distance; the outsider becomes a sociologist.

Origin

Late 16th century: from medieval Latin marginalis, from margo, margin- (see margin).

Rhymes

submarginal

Definition of marginal in US English:

marginal

adjectiveˈmɑrdʒənlˈmärjənl

1Relating to or situated at the edge or margin of something.
（与）（在）边缘（有关）的，（与）（在）边沿（有关）的
marginal notes
边注。
Example sentencesExamples
- The White Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean connected with the Barents Sea by a shallow strait.
1. 1.1 Of secondary or minor importance; not central.
  次要的，不重要的；非主要的
  it seems likely to make only a marginal difference
  这似乎只会产生无关紧要的差别。
  a marginal criminal element
  非主要的犯罪分子。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Consequently, the ectopterygoids are pushed out of the way and become fairly marginal elements.
  Communities can also demand that PE be treated as more than a marginal school pursuit.
  In The Dew Breaker each separate story is a fragment of another; a marginal character or incident in an episode becomes central to a later one.
  The added hassle of tighter security plays only a marginal role in explaining lower business travel.
  Such is the nature of American fencing that even at the nationals, marginal swashbucklers like me can end up dueling an Olympian.
  But for all the dramatic swings between the various parties, there are only marginal political differences between them.
  He lambasted software companies for piling on marginal features in incessant upgrades that can downgrade user efficiency.
  This could have been the basis of an interesting discussion of how marginal or central such songs were to Finland.
  Though the use of the horse as a draught animal was spreading, this was of marginal importance.
  Types of work which are now marginal were still important.
  At low growth irradiance, light was the most important determinant of acclimation, while the effect of low nutrient supply was of only marginal importance.
  Such creative financing is letting even marginal buyers purchase houses with price tags that used to appeal only to the rich and famous.
  The conservatives condemned them as a threat to proper socialist control; the reformers saw them as of marginal importance and largely a waste of resources.
  In the same way women are central - not marginal - to the process of reproduction.
  UBS is even carving out a position in U.S. investment banking, where it was once a marginal player.
  Privately, kin groups are important, but politically and economically, they play a marginal role.
  Cairy listened and made mental notes of what even seemed to be marginal important information.
  In 1914, the submarine was seen as a weapon of marginal importance.
  Social network connections provide marginal members of the elite with the capacity to translate their interests into action.
  Given these numbers it is clear that clemency was marginal to the criminal justice system.
  Synonyms
  slight, small, tiny, minute, low, minor, insignificant, minimal, negligible
2. 1.2 (of a decision or distinction) very narrow.
  （决定，区别）非常勉强的
  a marginal offside decision
  一次非常勉强的越位判罚。
  Example sentencesExamples
  Those figures showed a very marginal lead as you note and we can take that back.
  You stood by me when I missed the first prize by a marginal difference of two marks, and you made me feel that I still had reasons to be proud of myself.
  There were marginal differences in the side effects, with no statistical significance.
  Which one a student decides to attend is a personal choice that should be influenced not a whit by a marginal difference in rankings.
  Aren't we really discussing some small, marginal difference in income here?
  It was tough on Pres Milltown who gave it everything but they just gave St Pats too big a lead and had little luck with marginal decisions.
  The marginal difference in the growth pattern, as we will see a bit later, has more to do with socio-economic factors than religious ones.
  We got to get in the show, but I think if you start 23rd or 33rd, over 500 miles it's going to be very marginal difference.
  This marginal difference in formula makes no difference in this case.
  Any righteous indignation on the part of the Americans at that stage was undermined by replays which suggested the offside decision was marginal.
  Fixed fees also have no impact on marginal decisions about whether to drive more or fewer miles in a year, since annual mileage is not related to the tax rate.
  I suspect that the present approach, despite being incredibly expensive, is making only a marginal difference.
  It seems to me, at the moment in this case, that it is not as if this is a marginal difference of a small degree.
  On such small margins - and this was a marginal decision - are reputations saved.
  There was a marginal difference in the levels of support among urban voters compared to rural ones, with city dwellers only slightly more likely to vote no.
  The initial decision to extend the case was marginal, as was the decision to grant indefinite leave to remain two weeks later.
  However, to the dismay of the home-support a marginal offside decision went United's way.
  I've been bracketing between 1-4 sec exposures, and the differences are marginal.
  For one of these consumers the decision has been a marginal one, and had the price been any higher the purchase would not be made.
  Synonyms
  borderline, disputable, questionable, doubtful
3. 1.3 Relating to water adjacent to the land's edge or coast.
  （与）岸边水域（有关）的
  water lilies and marginal aquatics
  荷花与近岸水生植物。
  Example sentencesExamples
  He used pole and maggot in the marginal slack water for a mixed net of small roach and perch scaling 3lb 9oz.
  Beware of the razor-edged oyster-shells or the stinging fish (theli meen) in the muddy marginal waters.
  As a plus, marginal water clarity can be productive, especially with live bait.
  A bed of reed-mace extended a few feet out on a shallower marginal shelf before the drop off into the deeper water.
  These beasts lived largely in the sea and marginal river basins, where they hunted prey with their formidable crab-like claws.
  Keep the hammer down and do not squander the early start behind shrimp boats in marginal water.
  All dead and yellowing growth should be cleared from marginal plants and water lilies, and submerged aquatics that are getting out of hand should be thinned out.
4. 1.4 (chiefly of costs or benefits) relating to or resulting from small or unit changes.
  （主要指成本或收益）（与）微小（单位）变化有关的，由微小（单位）变化引起的
  Example sentencesExamples
  Dramatic congestion relief can be obtained by applying short-run marginal social cost pricing to street networks.
  Economic theory would dictate use of marginal price, but average price is often the only price measure available.
  Thus short-run marginal costing rather than LRMC is the appropriate pricing strategy.
  By the 1990s, the use of frequent flyer programmes had become more widespread and their revenue benefits marginal.
  In each country, the long-run perfectly competitive equilibrium price equals marginal production cost plus the per unit tax.
  The variable, total, marginal and average costs are calculated along with total revenue and profit or loss.
  If he is rational, he will choose a price that maximizes his profit, the price that equates marginal cost with marginal revenue.
  Increasing rates of reproduction will drop marginal production costs and, therefore, prices.
  Hyundai Motor India has announced a marginal price increase for all its cars across segments to reflect the incidence of Education Cess.
  In other words, we assume that the marginal and average costs of production remain equal and constant as output expands.
  In the week ended June 19, first-time claims for jobless benefits recorded a marginal increase, at 351,000.
  In the past the market mispriced oil due to distortions of low marginal production costs.
  Utility accounting is notoriously arcane and based on aggregate, not marginal, costs.
  You have gone back to define market power, I thought, as the ability to charge above marginal prices.
5. 1.5 (of taxation) relating to increases in income.
  （指税款）同收入增长有关的
  Example sentencesExamples
  If its discovered that someone hid hot money - so there was no tax paid - the entire amount becomes subject to income tax at the marginal rate.
  First of all, as the marginal income tax rate increases, the incentive to work decreases as less and less of one's earnings are actually kept for their own use.
  But the Minister in the chair should tell us what will happen to that family's effective marginal taxation rate as its income goes a bit higher.
  People on $60,000 face an effective marginal taxation rate of around 90c in the dollar.
  However the stated purpose of the tax cuts is to increase economic growth, and this is determined by the marginal tax rate.
  There are people in this country who pay effective marginal taxation rates that are far higher than this legislation implies.
  The tax cuts passed by Congress last year lowered the marginal tax rate for most taxpayers.
  Under the old system, tax allowances were worth more to a higher rate taxpayer, who received relief at the marginal rate of income tax.
  BC now has the second lowest top marginal personal income tax rate in Canada, and the fourth lowest general corporate income tax rate.
  Pensions are the most tax-efficient way to invest, because tax relief at a member's marginal rate of income tax is allowed.
  You can claim money spent on doctors, physiotherapists, psychiatrists and qualifying medicines at your marginal rate of income tax.
  Everybody seems to think that progressive income tax is a good idea, with the marginal tax rate rising on higher incomes.
  He said the effective marginal taxation rate should be 105 percent.
  Since the tax refund is based on the taxpayer's marginal tax rate, it's prudent in some cases to defer deducting the RRSP contribution.
  It is therefore highly necessary to reduce the effective marginal taxation to enhance the incentive to work.
  There should be a capital gain on maturity which will attract capital gains tax rather than an investor's marginal rate of income tax.
  Earned - income tax credits topped up wages and reduced the high marginal tax rates that would otherwise occur as benefits were withdrawn.
  The employee is charged income tax at the marginal tax rate on the difference between the interest rate paid on the loan and the deemed rate as outlined above.
  However, when the earned income credit is phased out, there is a dramatic increase in a couple's marginal tax rate.
  Gross it up by your marginal rate of income tax and you see the full horrors of the Stealth Tax policy.
6. 1.6British (of a parliamentary seat) having a small majority and therefore at risk in an election.
  〈主英〉（指议会席位）占微弱多数的
  Example sentencesExamples
  He said he was determined to visit each of the party's key marginal seats at least once before the next election.
  Tories are setting up a war unit to target three marginal General Election seats in Bradford, it was revealed today.
  Catching these ‘missing voters’ could make a significant difference to the results of elections in marginal seats.
  In fact, there was little turnover of seats at general elections and the two main parties concentrated on the fifty or so marginal seats which decided the outcome of a general election.
  A Tory spokesman claimed ministers had hoped to keep a lid on the crisis, in a region full of marginal seats, until after the election on May 5.
  The final result of the general election was declared yesterday as Labour clung on to the marginal seat of Harlow by just 97 votes.
  One returning officer in the marginal seat of Dorset South said hundreds of voters had rung up to cancel postal votes owing to fears of fraud.
  It is true that the polls show very little movement either way, but there are plenty of marginal seats in Victoria and in a close election they cannot be ignored.
  He now plans to vote Labour in the marginal seat of Battersea.
  Once upon a time his own seat was quite marginal, and it was often touch and go on election night - him never knowing if he was going to stay in parliament or not.
  Conservative voters in marginal seats: Grit your teeth and vote Labour.
  No longer would elections be decided in a small number of marginal seats - parties would be forced to campaign for every last vote, everywhere.
  The closeness of voting in marginal seats in both state and federal elections demonstrates that our individual votes do matter.
  Labour, having survived this year's election, has been left with a heavy crop of marginal seats to defend.
  Add to this the fact that many of their marginal seats are electing councillors, and this is a big test.
  The ballot boxes may not open until 5 May, but the postal votes on which many of Labour's most marginal seats will be decided began dropping on to doormats last weekend.
  Nationally that figures has soared by 500 per cent in marginal seats in the election.
  By spending time in the places with marginal seats, he aims to find out what the voters really want and what the towns and surrounding areas really need.
  Leeds North West, which encompasses Otley, has been targeted by the Liberal Democrats and Tories as a key marginal seat in their election campaigns.
  It was only restarted after Labour realised it was in a marginal seat and could be a vote-winner in the next election.
7. 1.7 Close to the limit of profitability, especially through difficulty of exploitation.
  （尤指经过艰难经营）勉强获利的
  marginal farmland
  收益微薄的农田。
  Example sentencesExamples
  The result of this is that any such marginal parcel of land will be sold at the market price determined by the opportunity cost of land.
  Landowners can offer eligible cropland and marginal pastureland in these watersheds.
  How do we begin to value the agriculture of these marginal lands so that it can compete in this unfair internal market?
  Farmers originally received grants to plant forests on marginal farmland.
  Africa is so vast and fertile that we don't need GM crops to increase yields or to enable us to use marginal land.
  He notes that the northern grazing industry has usually been economically marginal, rarely very profitable.
  Underneath that wide smile, he scares marginal McDonald's store operators with his frankness.
  But the crops promoted are often inappropriate, the lands used marginal and the returns diminishing.
  Majors couldn't be bothered with marginal fields and were willing to sell off production.
  For example, aluminum-tolerant crops could allow farmers in developing nations to plant on marginal lands.
  A poor man is driven on to marginal land; he is not suffered to live on good land at a low rent.
  Thus, the model indicated that marginal land could be put into the conservation reservation program or similar other programs.
  And that rent is still a differential relative to the output at marginal land.
  In some cases the provision grounds comprised marginal, unproductive land; in others the soil was ideal for food crops.
  GM can make crops more efficient, putting marginal land back to nature and reducing pesticide use.
  Let us assume a two-factor (land and labour) economy, in which a plot of marginal land yields no rent.

nounˈmɑrdʒənlˈmärjənl

A plant that grows in water adjacent to the edge of land.
岸边水生植物
Example sentencesExamples
- There is a lot of colour in the planting of the marginals around the pond and the fragrance from them was divine.
- However, an important difference is in the shape of the crescentic facets on the proximal edge of the marginals.
- Whoever made the original choice of plants did a splendid job, leaving us a mix of marginals, surface-leaved and submerged oxygenating plants, all of which I would highly recommend to fellow novice pond keepers.
- They correspond to facets for the articulation of two rows of spines along lateral edges of marginals.

Origin

Late 16th century: from medieval Latin marginalis, from margo, margin- (see margin).

词汇	marginal
释义	Definition of marginal in English: marginal adjective ˈmɑːdʒɪn(ə)lˈmɑrdʒənl 1Relating to or at the edge or margin. （与）（在）边缘（有关）的，（与）（在）边沿（有关）的 marginal notes 边注。 Example sentencesExamples As it turns out the British Museum copy of this manuscript has copious marginal notes by none other than Dr. John Dee. Second, the timing of amalgamation of the Central Zone to either of the adjacent marginal zones and/or cratons is more unclear than ever. The backward stretching and branching septal folds are confined to a narrow marginal zone of the septa. A marginal inscription notes that Captain Cook first sighted the south-eastern corner, where settlement began. The margins are straight, with discordant injection veins, and grade into a marginal cataclasite zone adjacent to the mylonite. The book is designed with marginal notes, which takes some getting used to but are very helpful. Much of this is well-documented but neglected history, a marginal note to the complex story of the Risorgimento and Italian unification. For one thing, all my marginal notes are missing. The latter has not survived but it can be partially recreated from the marginal notes made on the text of the 1542 inventory. Moreover, in the Spanish material, a faint additional ridge exists between the marginal structure and the border. But the wider importance of the phrase was only made clear by a marginal note in one of his notebooks. It should be noted that the term diminished responsibility is not used in s. 2; it appears in the marginal note. Not all annotations and marginal notes were politically motivated or denominationally influenced. ‘Fiscal rot’ was his marginal note on a chart showing the growth of the public debt in the 1990s. Read through your data again, but this time begin to make marginal notes about significant remarks or observations. It included marginal notes which commended it to the Puritans, who wished to study it without need of priestly interpretation. It is worth making a marginal note of such matters as you go through, because it may be that you may not be able to bring them to mind later on. The activities of a parallel spirit world are described in marginal notes to the poem. David Parker introduced a provision to create marginal strips around sensitive land such as lakes and rivers. A narrow marginal band that is darker in color than the interior region of the shell appears in Newton's figure 21.6. 1.1 Relating to water adjacent to the land's edge or coast. （与）岸边水域（有关）的 water lilies and marginal aquatics 荷花与近岸水生植物。 Example sentencesExamples He used pole and maggot in the marginal slack water for a mixed net of small roach and perch scaling 3lb 9oz. These beasts lived largely in the sea and marginal river basins, where they hunted prey with their formidable crab-like claws. As a plus, marginal water clarity can be productive, especially with live bait. Beware of the razor-edged oyster-shells or the stinging fish (theli meen) in the muddy marginal waters. A bed of reed-mace extended a few feet out on a shallower marginal shelf before the drop off into the deeper water. All dead and yellowing growth should be cleared from marginal plants and water lilies, and submerged aquatics that are getting out of hand should be thinned out. Keep the hammer down and do not squander the early start behind shrimp boats in marginal water. 2Minor and not important; not central. 次要的，不重要的；非主要的 it seems likely to make only a marginal difference 这似乎只会产生无关紧要的差别。 the cost is negligible, less than marginal Example sentencesExamples But for all the dramatic swings between the various parties, there are only marginal political differences between them. Types of work which are now marginal were still important. Such is the nature of American fencing that even at the nationals, marginal swashbucklers like me can end up dueling an Olympian. Communities can also demand that PE be treated as more than a marginal school pursuit. This could have been the basis of an interesting discussion of how marginal or central such songs were to Finland. In 1914, the submarine was seen as a weapon of marginal importance. Social network connections provide marginal members of the elite with the capacity to translate their interests into action. The added hassle of tighter security plays only a marginal role in explaining lower business travel. Privately, kin groups are important, but politically and economically, they play a marginal role. He lambasted software companies for piling on marginal features in incessant upgrades that can downgrade user efficiency. UBS is even carving out a position in U.S. investment banking, where it was once a marginal player. The conservatives condemned them as a threat to proper socialist control; the reformers saw them as of marginal importance and largely a waste of resources. In The Dew Breaker each separate story is a fragment of another; a marginal character or incident in an episode becomes central to a later one. At low growth irradiance, light was the most important determinant of acclimation, while the effect of low nutrient supply was of only marginal importance. Cairy listened and made mental notes of what even seemed to be marginal important information. Consequently, the ectopterygoids are pushed out of the way and become fairly marginal elements. Given these numbers it is clear that clemency was marginal to the criminal justice system. Though the use of the horse as a draught animal was spreading, this was of marginal importance. Such creative financing is letting even marginal buyers purchase houses with price tags that used to appeal only to the rich and famous. In the same way women are central - not marginal - to the process of reproduction. Synonyms slight, small, tiny, minute, low, minor, insignificant, minimal, negligible 2.1 (of costs or benefits) relating to or resulting from small or unit changes. （主要指成本或收益）（与）微小（单位）变化有关的，由微小（单位）变化引起的 the issue is to estimate the marginal benefit from the increased frequency of screening examinations against the marginal increased cost Example sentencesExamples Economic theory would dictate use of marginal price, but average price is often the only price measure available. If he is rational, he will choose a price that maximizes his profit, the price that equates marginal cost with marginal revenue. In the week ended June 19, first-time claims for jobless benefits recorded a marginal increase, at 351,000. Dramatic congestion relief can be obtained by applying short-run marginal social cost pricing to street networks. In each country, the long-run perfectly competitive equilibrium price equals marginal production cost plus the per unit tax. Thus short-run marginal costing rather than LRMC is the appropriate pricing strategy. Increasing rates of reproduction will drop marginal production costs and, therefore, prices. In other words, we assume that the marginal and average costs of production remain equal and constant as output expands. The variable, total, marginal and average costs are calculated along with total revenue and profit or loss. By the 1990s, the use of frequent flyer programmes had become more widespread and their revenue benefits marginal. Hyundai Motor India has announced a marginal price increase for all its cars across segments to reflect the incidence of Education Cess. Utility accounting is notoriously arcane and based on aggregate, not marginal, costs. You have gone back to define market power, I thought, as the ability to charge above marginal prices. In the past the market mispriced oil due to distortions of low marginal production costs. 2.2 (of taxation) relating to increases in income. （指税款）同收入增长有关的 the marginal tax rates on these incomes rise to as much as 80 per cent in some republics Example sentencesExamples First of all, as the marginal income tax rate increases, the incentive to work decreases as less and less of one's earnings are actually kept for their own use. Since the tax refund is based on the taxpayer's marginal tax rate, it's prudent in some cases to defer deducting the RRSP contribution. BC now has the second lowest top marginal personal income tax rate in Canada, and the fourth lowest general corporate income tax rate. If its discovered that someone hid hot money - so there was no tax paid - the entire amount becomes subject to income tax at the marginal rate. Everybody seems to think that progressive income tax is a good idea, with the marginal tax rate rising on higher incomes. You can claim money spent on doctors, physiotherapists, psychiatrists and qualifying medicines at your marginal rate of income tax. However, when the earned income credit is phased out, there is a dramatic increase in a couple's marginal tax rate. Under the old system, tax allowances were worth more to a higher rate taxpayer, who received relief at the marginal rate of income tax. Gross it up by your marginal rate of income tax and you see the full horrors of the Stealth Tax policy. People on $60,000 face an effective marginal taxation rate of around 90c in the dollar. But the Minister in the chair should tell us what will happen to that family's effective marginal taxation rate as its income goes a bit higher. The employee is charged income tax at the marginal tax rate on the difference between the interest rate paid on the loan and the deemed rate as outlined above. Pensions are the most tax-efficient way to invest, because tax relief at a member's marginal rate of income tax is allowed. There are people in this country who pay effective marginal taxation rates that are far higher than this legislation implies. It is therefore highly necessary to reduce the effective marginal taxation to enhance the incentive to work. The tax cuts passed by Congress last year lowered the marginal tax rate for most taxpayers. He said the effective marginal taxation rate should be 105 percent. There should be a capital gain on maturity which will attract capital gains tax rather than an investor's marginal rate of income tax. However the stated purpose of the tax cuts is to increase economic growth, and this is determined by the marginal tax rate. Earned - income tax credits topped up wages and reduced the high marginal tax rates that would otherwise occur as benefits were withdrawn. 3(of a decision or distinction) very narrow; borderline. （决定，区别）非常勉强的 a marginal offside decision 一次非常勉强的越位判罚。 Example sentencesExamples The marginal difference in the growth pattern, as we will see a bit later, has more to do with socio-economic factors than religious ones. You stood by me when I missed the first prize by a marginal difference of two marks, and you made me feel that I still had reasons to be proud of myself. There was a marginal difference in the levels of support among urban voters compared to rural ones, with city dwellers only slightly more likely to vote no. Those figures showed a very marginal lead as you note and we can take that back. We got to get in the show, but I think if you start 23rd or 33rd, over 500 miles it's going to be very marginal difference. However, to the dismay of the home-support a marginal offside decision went United's way. Any righteous indignation on the part of the Americans at that stage was undermined by replays which suggested the offside decision was marginal. It was tough on Pres Milltown who gave it everything but they just gave St Pats too big a lead and had little luck with marginal decisions. The initial decision to extend the case was marginal, as was the decision to grant indefinite leave to remain two weeks later. I suspect that the present approach, despite being incredibly expensive, is making only a marginal difference. For one of these consumers the decision has been a marginal one, and had the price been any higher the purchase would not be made. Aren't we really discussing some small, marginal difference in income here? This marginal difference in formula makes no difference in this case. I've been bracketing between 1-4 sec exposures, and the differences are marginal. It seems to me, at the moment in this case, that it is not as if this is a marginal difference of a small degree. Which one a student decides to attend is a personal choice that should be influenced not a whit by a marginal difference in rankings. Fixed fees also have no impact on marginal decisions about whether to drive more or fewer miles in a year, since annual mileage is not related to the tax rate. There were marginal differences in the side effects, with no statistical significance. On such small margins - and this was a marginal decision - are reputations saved. Synonyms borderline, disputable, questionable, doubtful 3.1British (of a parliamentary or council seat) held by a small majority and therefore at risk in an election. 〈主英〉（指议会席位）占微弱多数的 Example sentencesExamples It is true that the polls show very little movement either way, but there are plenty of marginal seats in Victoria and in a close election they cannot be ignored. The final result of the general election was declared yesterday as Labour clung on to the marginal seat of Harlow by just 97 votes. Tories are setting up a war unit to target three marginal General Election seats in Bradford, it was revealed today. In fact, there was little turnover of seats at general elections and the two main parties concentrated on the fifty or so marginal seats which decided the outcome of a general election. Once upon a time his own seat was quite marginal, and it was often touch and go on election night - him never knowing if he was going to stay in parliament or not. One returning officer in the marginal seat of Dorset South said hundreds of voters had rung up to cancel postal votes owing to fears of fraud. He now plans to vote Labour in the marginal seat of Battersea. Nationally that figures has soared by 500 per cent in marginal seats in the election. By spending time in the places with marginal seats, he aims to find out what the voters really want and what the towns and surrounding areas really need. Labour, having survived this year's election, has been left with a heavy crop of marginal seats to defend. A Tory spokesman claimed ministers had hoped to keep a lid on the crisis, in a region full of marginal seats, until after the election on May 5. Catching these ‘missing voters’ could make a significant difference to the results of elections in marginal seats. No longer would elections be decided in a small number of marginal seats - parties would be forced to campaign for every last vote, everywhere. The closeness of voting in marginal seats in both state and federal elections demonstrates that our individual votes do matter. It was only restarted after Labour realised it was in a marginal seat and could be a vote-winner in the next election. Conservative voters in marginal seats: Grit your teeth and vote Labour. He said he was determined to visit each of the party's key marginal seats at least once before the next election. Leeds North West, which encompasses Otley, has been targeted by the Liberal Democrats and Tories as a key marginal seat in their election campaigns. The ballot boxes may not open until 5 May, but the postal votes on which many of Labour's most marginal seats will be decided began dropping on to doormats last weekend. Add to this the fact that many of their marginal seats are electing councillors, and this is a big test. 3.2 Close to the limit of profitability, especially through difficulty of exploitation. （尤指经过艰难经营）勉强获利的 marginal farmland 收益微薄的农田。 Example sentencesExamples Underneath that wide smile, he scares marginal McDonald's store operators with his frankness. Africa is so vast and fertile that we don't need GM crops to increase yields or to enable us to use marginal land. How do we begin to value the agriculture of these marginal lands so that it can compete in this unfair internal market? In some cases the provision grounds comprised marginal, unproductive land; in others the soil was ideal for food crops. Landowners can offer eligible cropland and marginal pastureland in these watersheds. He notes that the northern grazing industry has usually been economically marginal, rarely very profitable. Majors couldn't be bothered with marginal fields and were willing to sell off production. GM can make crops more efficient, putting marginal land back to nature and reducing pesticide use. Farmers originally received grants to plant forests on marginal farmland. The result of this is that any such marginal parcel of land will be sold at the market price determined by the opportunity cost of land. A poor man is driven on to marginal land; he is not suffered to live on good land at a low rent. And that rent is still a differential relative to the output at marginal land. For example, aluminum-tolerant crops could allow farmers in developing nations to plant on marginal lands. But the crops promoted are often inappropriate, the lands used marginal and the returns diminishing. Let us assume a two-factor (land and labour) economy, in which a plot of marginal land yields no rent. Thus, the model indicated that marginal land could be put into the conservation reservation program or similar other programs. noun ˈmɑːdʒɪn(ə)lˈmɑrdʒənl 1British A seat in a parliament or on a council that is held by a small majority and is at risk in an election. 〈主英〉（指议会席位）占微弱多数的 she is defending a key marginal for the Tories Example sentencesExamples Both leaders were in Adelaide today - a state where the seats are marginals, the voters are fickle and the Democrats are strong. In the marginals the battle was much closer than the national polls suggested. Some are willing to vote against Labour even in seats where a Tory can win - the majority of Labour's marginals. But there is growing evidence that all three parties are seeking to maximise their postal vote in key marginals, where applications for such votes have risen by 200% or more. If people want to bring down the Howard Government, they need to help Labor do it in the marginals and then run a guerrilla style campaign in the safe seats that would do the Viet Cong proud. ‘All these polls indicate is that there will be a dogfight for the last seat in all key marginals and the vote will be so tight it is hard for anyone to call it,’ the Fine Gael spokesman said. Senior Labour sources said that their own polling in 107 key marginals showed that the Tories would win the election if one in 10 Labour voters switched to another party or did not vote. Some of the biggest swings against Labor were in its safe seats, not the marginals. The Coalition just needs to frustrate the ALP; the more likely gains for Labor are marginals with retiring members. And two-party preferred says nothing about the rural and regional marginals… where elections are won and lost now. The Labour MP was defending an already tight 2,138 majority in a seat targeted as a key marginal by Tory chiefs. It is because these two characters are males from the right that the Machine has tied itself in such knots trying to balance the factions and the sexes in the Liberal-held marginals. The current pendulum's marginals will produce a mixed result. Bristol West is one of the closest fought marginals in the country, and a rarity in that all three parties are within striking distance of victory. But it wasn't just in the regions and the marginals that a different election was going on. While a higher top rate would win back Labour waverers on the left, the fear among the party's strategists is that it would risk losing swing voters in the key marginals, and that the net effect could be negative. It was aimed squarely at the cluster of key provincial and regional marginals that will decide the election. Not all the government marginals are in Victoria. Lib Dem strategists said their vote had risen in the target marginals by 15 percentage points since the start of the election, even if the national poll rating had only crept up. Cook kept faith with voting reform, maintaining the present system depresses turnout and contributes to ‘lack of colour’ as parties compete for the swing voter in key marginals. 2A plant that grows in water close to the edge of land. 岸边水生植物 remove any dead foliage on water lilies and marginals Example sentencesExamples There is a lot of colour in the planting of the marginals around the pond and the fragrance from them was divine. They correspond to facets for the articulation of two rows of spines along lateral edges of marginals. Whoever made the original choice of plants did a splendid job, leaving us a mix of marginals, surface-leaved and submerged oxygenating plants, all of which I would highly recommend to fellow novice pond keepers. However, an important difference is in the shape of the crescentic facets on the proximal edge of the marginals. Derivatives marginality noun mɑːdʒɪˈnalɪti But he says it is futile to try and start a leftist party out of ‘small groups condemned to marginality.’ Example sentencesExamples They found a way to combine the economic interests of publishers, bookstores, and poets to overcome the financial marginality of serious literature. I became very conscious of the marginality of teacher educators in the eyes of heads of schools when I was a senior lecturer in an English college of education. We have never acknowledged, let alone reconciled ourselves to, the marginality and passivity of our position in modern times. We associate marginality with self-consciousness, with the possibility of critical distance; the outsider becomes a sociologist. Origin Late 16th century: from medieval Latin marginalis, from margo, margin- (see margin). Rhymes submarginal Definition of marginal in US English: marginal adjectiveˈmɑrdʒənlˈmärjənl 1Relating to or situated at the edge or margin of something. （与）（在）边缘（有关）的，（与）（在）边沿（有关）的 marginal notes 边注。 Example sentencesExamples The White Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean connected with the Barents Sea by a shallow strait. 1.1 Of secondary or minor importance; not central. 次要的，不重要的；非主要的 it seems likely to make only a marginal difference 这似乎只会产生无关紧要的差别。 a marginal criminal element 非主要的犯罪分子。 Example sentencesExamples Consequently, the ectopterygoids are pushed out of the way and become fairly marginal elements. Communities can also demand that PE be treated as more than a marginal school pursuit. In The Dew Breaker each separate story is a fragment of another; a marginal character or incident in an episode becomes central to a later one. The added hassle of tighter security plays only a marginal role in explaining lower business travel. Such is the nature of American fencing that even at the nationals, marginal swashbucklers like me can end up dueling an Olympian. But for all the dramatic swings between the various parties, there are only marginal political differences between them. He lambasted software companies for piling on marginal features in incessant upgrades that can downgrade user efficiency. This could have been the basis of an interesting discussion of how marginal or central such songs were to Finland. Though the use of the horse as a draught animal was spreading, this was of marginal importance. Types of work which are now marginal were still important. At low growth irradiance, light was the most important determinant of acclimation, while the effect of low nutrient supply was of only marginal importance. Such creative financing is letting even marginal buyers purchase houses with price tags that used to appeal only to the rich and famous. The conservatives condemned them as a threat to proper socialist control; the reformers saw them as of marginal importance and largely a waste of resources. In the same way women are central - not marginal - to the process of reproduction. UBS is even carving out a position in U.S. investment banking, where it was once a marginal player. Privately, kin groups are important, but politically and economically, they play a marginal role. Cairy listened and made mental notes of what even seemed to be marginal important information. In 1914, the submarine was seen as a weapon of marginal importance. Social network connections provide marginal members of the elite with the capacity to translate their interests into action. Given these numbers it is clear that clemency was marginal to the criminal justice system. Synonyms slight, small, tiny, minute, low, minor, insignificant, minimal, negligible 1.2 (of a decision or distinction) very narrow. （决定，区别）非常勉强的 a marginal offside decision 一次非常勉强的越位判罚。 Example sentencesExamples Those figures showed a very marginal lead as you note and we can take that back. You stood by me when I missed the first prize by a marginal difference of two marks, and you made me feel that I still had reasons to be proud of myself. There were marginal differences in the side effects, with no statistical significance. Which one a student decides to attend is a personal choice that should be influenced not a whit by a marginal difference in rankings. Aren't we really discussing some small, marginal difference in income here? It was tough on Pres Milltown who gave it everything but they just gave St Pats too big a lead and had little luck with marginal decisions. The marginal difference in the growth pattern, as we will see a bit later, has more to do with socio-economic factors than religious ones. We got to get in the show, but I think if you start 23rd or 33rd, over 500 miles it's going to be very marginal difference. This marginal difference in formula makes no difference in this case. Any righteous indignation on the part of the Americans at that stage was undermined by replays which suggested the offside decision was marginal. Fixed fees also have no impact on marginal decisions about whether to drive more or fewer miles in a year, since annual mileage is not related to the tax rate. I suspect that the present approach, despite being incredibly expensive, is making only a marginal difference. It seems to me, at the moment in this case, that it is not as if this is a marginal difference of a small degree. On such small margins - and this was a marginal decision - are reputations saved. There was a marginal difference in the levels of support among urban voters compared to rural ones, with city dwellers only slightly more likely to vote no. The initial decision to extend the case was marginal, as was the decision to grant indefinite leave to remain two weeks later. However, to the dismay of the home-support a marginal offside decision went United's way. I've been bracketing between 1-4 sec exposures, and the differences are marginal. For one of these consumers the decision has been a marginal one, and had the price been any higher the purchase would not be made. Synonyms borderline, disputable, questionable, doubtful 1.3 Relating to water adjacent to the land's edge or coast. （与）岸边水域（有关）的 water lilies and marginal aquatics 荷花与近岸水生植物。 Example sentencesExamples He used pole and maggot in the marginal slack water for a mixed net of small roach and perch scaling 3lb 9oz. Beware of the razor-edged oyster-shells or the stinging fish (theli meen) in the muddy marginal waters. As a plus, marginal water clarity can be productive, especially with live bait. A bed of reed-mace extended a few feet out on a shallower marginal shelf before the drop off into the deeper water. These beasts lived largely in the sea and marginal river basins, where they hunted prey with their formidable crab-like claws. Keep the hammer down and do not squander the early start behind shrimp boats in marginal water. All dead and yellowing growth should be cleared from marginal plants and water lilies, and submerged aquatics that are getting out of hand should be thinned out. 1.4 (chiefly of costs or benefits) relating to or resulting from small or unit changes. （主要指成本或收益）（与）微小（单位）变化有关的，由微小（单位）变化引起的 Example sentencesExamples Dramatic congestion relief can be obtained by applying short-run marginal social cost pricing to street networks. Economic theory would dictate use of marginal price, but average price is often the only price measure available. Thus short-run marginal costing rather than LRMC is the appropriate pricing strategy. By the 1990s, the use of frequent flyer programmes had become more widespread and their revenue benefits marginal. In each country, the long-run perfectly competitive equilibrium price equals marginal production cost plus the per unit tax. The variable, total, marginal and average costs are calculated along with total revenue and profit or loss. If he is rational, he will choose a price that maximizes his profit, the price that equates marginal cost with marginal revenue. Increasing rates of reproduction will drop marginal production costs and, therefore, prices. Hyundai Motor India has announced a marginal price increase for all its cars across segments to reflect the incidence of Education Cess. In other words, we assume that the marginal and average costs of production remain equal and constant as output expands. In the week ended June 19, first-time claims for jobless benefits recorded a marginal increase, at 351,000. In the past the market mispriced oil due to distortions of low marginal production costs. Utility accounting is notoriously arcane and based on aggregate, not marginal, costs. You have gone back to define market power, I thought, as the ability to charge above marginal prices. 1.5 (of taxation) relating to increases in income. （指税款）同收入增长有关的 Example sentencesExamples If its discovered that someone hid hot money - so there was no tax paid - the entire amount becomes subject to income tax at the marginal rate. First of all, as the marginal income tax rate increases, the incentive to work decreases as less and less of one's earnings are actually kept for their own use. But the Minister in the chair should tell us what will happen to that family's effective marginal taxation rate as its income goes a bit higher. People on $60,000 face an effective marginal taxation rate of around 90c in the dollar. However the stated purpose of the tax cuts is to increase economic growth, and this is determined by the marginal tax rate. There are people in this country who pay effective marginal taxation rates that are far higher than this legislation implies. The tax cuts passed by Congress last year lowered the marginal tax rate for most taxpayers. Under the old system, tax allowances were worth more to a higher rate taxpayer, who received relief at the marginal rate of income tax. BC now has the second lowest top marginal personal income tax rate in Canada, and the fourth lowest general corporate income tax rate. Pensions are the most tax-efficient way to invest, because tax relief at a member's marginal rate of income tax is allowed. You can claim money spent on doctors, physiotherapists, psychiatrists and qualifying medicines at your marginal rate of income tax. Everybody seems to think that progressive income tax is a good idea, with the marginal tax rate rising on higher incomes. He said the effective marginal taxation rate should be 105 percent. Since the tax refund is based on the taxpayer's marginal tax rate, it's prudent in some cases to defer deducting the RRSP contribution. It is therefore highly necessary to reduce the effective marginal taxation to enhance the incentive to work. There should be a capital gain on maturity which will attract capital gains tax rather than an investor's marginal rate of income tax. Earned - income tax credits topped up wages and reduced the high marginal tax rates that would otherwise occur as benefits were withdrawn. The employee is charged income tax at the marginal tax rate on the difference between the interest rate paid on the loan and the deemed rate as outlined above. However, when the earned income credit is phased out, there is a dramatic increase in a couple's marginal tax rate. Gross it up by your marginal rate of income tax and you see the full horrors of the Stealth Tax policy. 1.6British (of a parliamentary seat) having a small majority and therefore at risk in an election. 〈主英〉（指议会席位）占微弱多数的 Example sentencesExamples He said he was determined to visit each of the party's key marginal seats at least once before the next election. Tories are setting up a war unit to target three marginal General Election seats in Bradford, it was revealed today. Catching these ‘missing voters’ could make a significant difference to the results of elections in marginal seats. In fact, there was little turnover of seats at general elections and the two main parties concentrated on the fifty or so marginal seats which decided the outcome of a general election. A Tory spokesman claimed ministers had hoped to keep a lid on the crisis, in a region full of marginal seats, until after the election on May 5. The final result of the general election was declared yesterday as Labour clung on to the marginal seat of Harlow by just 97 votes. One returning officer in the marginal seat of Dorset South said hundreds of voters had rung up to cancel postal votes owing to fears of fraud. It is true that the polls show very little movement either way, but there are plenty of marginal seats in Victoria and in a close election they cannot be ignored. He now plans to vote Labour in the marginal seat of Battersea. Once upon a time his own seat was quite marginal, and it was often touch and go on election night - him never knowing if he was going to stay in parliament or not. Conservative voters in marginal seats: Grit your teeth and vote Labour. No longer would elections be decided in a small number of marginal seats - parties would be forced to campaign for every last vote, everywhere. The closeness of voting in marginal seats in both state and federal elections demonstrates that our individual votes do matter. Labour, having survived this year's election, has been left with a heavy crop of marginal seats to defend. Add to this the fact that many of their marginal seats are electing councillors, and this is a big test. The ballot boxes may not open until 5 May, but the postal votes on which many of Labour's most marginal seats will be decided began dropping on to doormats last weekend. Nationally that figures has soared by 500 per cent in marginal seats in the election. By spending time in the places with marginal seats, he aims to find out what the voters really want and what the towns and surrounding areas really need. Leeds North West, which encompasses Otley, has been targeted by the Liberal Democrats and Tories as a key marginal seat in their election campaigns. It was only restarted after Labour realised it was in a marginal seat and could be a vote-winner in the next election. 1.7 Close to the limit of profitability, especially through difficulty of exploitation. （尤指经过艰难经营）勉强获利的 marginal farmland 收益微薄的农田。 Example sentencesExamples The result of this is that any such marginal parcel of land will be sold at the market price determined by the opportunity cost of land. Landowners can offer eligible cropland and marginal pastureland in these watersheds. How do we begin to value the agriculture of these marginal lands so that it can compete in this unfair internal market? Farmers originally received grants to plant forests on marginal farmland. Africa is so vast and fertile that we don't need GM crops to increase yields or to enable us to use marginal land. He notes that the northern grazing industry has usually been economically marginal, rarely very profitable. Underneath that wide smile, he scares marginal McDonald's store operators with his frankness. But the crops promoted are often inappropriate, the lands used marginal and the returns diminishing. Majors couldn't be bothered with marginal fields and were willing to sell off production. For example, aluminum-tolerant crops could allow farmers in developing nations to plant on marginal lands. A poor man is driven on to marginal land; he is not suffered to live on good land at a low rent. Thus, the model indicated that marginal land could be put into the conservation reservation program or similar other programs. And that rent is still a differential relative to the output at marginal land. In some cases the provision grounds comprised marginal, unproductive land; in others the soil was ideal for food crops. GM can make crops more efficient, putting marginal land back to nature and reducing pesticide use. Let us assume a two-factor (land and labour) economy, in which a plot of marginal land yields no rent. nounˈmɑrdʒənlˈmärjənl A plant that grows in water adjacent to the edge of land. 岸边水生植物 Example sentencesExamples There is a lot of colour in the planting of the marginals around the pond and the fragrance from them was divine. However, an important difference is in the shape of the crescentic facets on the proximal edge of the marginals. Whoever made the original choice of plants did a splendid job, leaving us a mix of marginals, surface-leaved and submerged oxygenating plants, all of which I would highly recommend to fellow novice pond keepers. They correspond to facets for the articulation of two rows of spines along lateral edges of marginals. Origin Late 16th century: from medieval Latin marginalis, from margo, margin- (see margin).
随便看	ateliers a tempest in a teacup a tempest in a teapot a tempest in a teapot (or teacup) a tempest in a teapot (or teacup) a tempo atemporal a-temporal atemporality atemporality Aten a tendency to blow hot and cold atenolol atenolols a tent ater a terre ates A-test at every corner at every turn at every turn at expense ATF at face value